text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
of 50 consecutive patients ( 30 female and 20 male ; median age , 70 years ) with a myeloproliferative disorder and a 5q- chromosome , 12 ( 24 % ) had refractory anemia , 16 ( 32 % ) had refractory anemia with excess blasts , 13 ( 26 % ) had acute nonlymphocytic leukemia , six ( 12 % ) had the 5q- syndrome , and three ( 6 % ) had an unclassifiable myeloproliferative disease . | NA | {
"id": "C0002893",
"name": "refractory",
"pos": [
151,
161
]
} | {
"id": "C0002894",
"name": "refractory anemia with excess blasts",
"pos": [
187,
223
]
} |
previous investigations have reported that the presence of heparin has a multifold accelerating effect on the inhibition of factor xiia and xiif , the active species derived from factor xii . | NA | {
"id": "C0015527",
"name": "factor xiia",
"pos": [
124,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C0015525",
"name": "factor xii",
"pos": [
179,
189
]
} |
this suggestion was confirmed by the observation that heparin ( 1.5 u/ml ) added to factor xii-deficient plasma and reconstituted with factor xiia did not produce a detectable enhancement of the rate of inhibition of factor xiia . | NA | {
"id": "C0015525",
"name": "factor xii",
"pos": [
84,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0015527",
"name": "factor xiia",
"pos": [
217,
228
]
} |
mononuclear cells from human blood were stained with hnk-1 fluoresceinated monoclonal antibody , and the nk cell population reactive with this antibody were isolated with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter ( facs ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibody",
"pos": [
75,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
143,
151
]
} |
the presence of chondroitin sulfate ( and/or dermatan sulfate ) and heparan sulfate was also shown by the finding that incubation of the isolated nk cells with 35s-sulfate yielded cell-associated radiolabeled macromolecules with the characteristics of these two groups of gags . | NA | {
"id": "C0019143",
"name": "heparan sulfate",
"pos": [
68,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "gags",
"pos": [
272,
276
]
} |
pure recombinant interleukin 2 ( r-il2 ) was added to colony cultures that also contained the lectin phytohemagglutinin ( pha ) or the phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ( tpa ) to activate the cll cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol",
"pos": [
135,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "tetradecanoylphorbol",
"pos": [
154,
174
]
} |
the released plasminogen activator was shown by immunologic and functional criteria to be tissue-type plasminogen activator ( t-pa ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0032144",
"name": "plasminogen activator",
"pos": [
13,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0032143",
"name": "tissue-type plasminogen activator",
"pos": [
90,
123
]
} |
alpha , beta-methylene atp and atp ( but not adenosine or acetylcholine ) contracted preparations at resting tone . alpha , beta-methylene atp was significantly more potent as a contractile agent than atp . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
45,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0001480",
"name": "atp",
"pos": [
201,
204
]
} |
removal of the endothelium virtually abolished relaxations to acetylcholine and significantly decreased those to adenosine and atp . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
113,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0001480",
"name": "atp",
"pos": [
127,
130
]
} |
all relaxations to adenosine and atp were significantly antagonised by 8-phenyltheophylline , a potent p1 purinoceptor antagonist . alpha , beta-methylene atp further contracted the high-tone preparation and was again unaffected by removal of the endothelium . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
19,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0001480",
"name": "atp",
"pos": [
155,
158
]
} |
they also show that adenosine ( and atp ) can elicit vasodilation via p1 purinoceptors both on the endothelial cells and on the smooth muscle of the isolated rabbit central ear artery . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
20,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0001480",
"name": "atp",
"pos": [
36,
39
]
} |
cells were cultured with nanogram concentrations of thymosin beta 4 for up to 16 days and were analyzed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies , sheep erythrocyte rosetting , peanut agglutinin binding ( pna ) and an antibody to the enzyme , terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ( tdt ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal",
"pos": [
120,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
215,
223
]
} |
single cell observations of normal and of leukemic human bone marrow cells demonstrated cell-cell interactions of lymphocytes with hematopoietic progenitor cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
7,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0018956",
"name": "hematopoietic progenitor",
"pos": [
131,
155
]
} |
demethoxydaunorubicin ( dmdr ) , a new anthracycline available both for intravenous and oral administration , was given in 14 cases of leukaemia , non-hodgkin 's lymphoma ( nhl ) and multiple myeloma ( mm ) replacing either daunorubicin ( dnr ) or doxorubicin ( dox ) in conventional chemotherapy regimes . | NA | {
"id": "C0011015",
"name": "daunorubicin",
"pos": [
9,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
248,
259
]
} |
when all patients were considered together , a significant increase of cholesterol , hdl chol , ldl chol and al apoprotein was noted . | NA | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
71,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0023822",
"name": "hdl chol",
"pos": [
85,
93
]
} |
when all patients were considered together , a significant increase of cholesterol , hdl chol , ldl chol and al apoprotein was noted . | NA | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
71,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0023824",
"name": "ldl chol",
"pos": [
96,
104
]
} |
in group b patients there was an increase in cholesterol , hdl chol and al apoprotein plasma levels . | NA | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
45,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0023822",
"name": "hdl chol",
"pos": [
59,
67
]
} |
using the ratio between functional prekallikrein and prekallikrein-kallikrein antigen as an index for prekallikrein activation , we found that prekallikrein was extensively activated in patients with ards , while this was significantly less in the case of critically ill patients without ards . | NA | {
"id": "C0022478",
"name": "kallikrein",
"pos": [
38,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0033024",
"name": "prekallikrein",
"pos": [
143,
156
]
} |
following activation of prekallikrein in plasma , kallikrein reacts with its substrates and with protease inhibitors , among which the alpha 2-glycoprotein c1-inhibitor . | NA | {
"id": "C0033024",
"name": "prekallikrein",
"pos": [
24,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0022478",
"name": "kallikrein",
"pos": [
50,
60
]
} |
by adding an insoluble inert gas ( for instance argon ) , functional residual capacity ( frc ) can be determined at the same time . | NA | {
"id": "C0017112",
"name": "inert gas",
"pos": [
23,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0003781",
"name": "argon",
"pos": [
48,
53
]
} |
both saralasin ( 10 ( -7 ) m ) , and desensitization of angiotensin ii receptors by prolonged contact with the peptide , produced a reduction in response to transmural stimulation , indicating that angiotensin ii may be involved in neurotransmission . | NA | {
"id": "C0036193",
"name": "saralasin",
"pos": [
5,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "angiotensin ii",
"pos": [
198,
212
]
} |
the effect of gaba was mimicked by ( - ) -baclofen , which gave a dose-response curve overlapping that of gaba , while ( + ) -baclofen was about one hundred times less potent . | NA | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
14,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
126,
134
]
} |
in in vivo preparations , gaba ( 10 mumol kg-1 ) and ( - ) -baclofen ( 5 mumol kg-1 ) produced a dose-related inhibition of basal tone , while ( + ) -baclofen ( 5 mumol kg-1 ) had much less effect ( about 25 % ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
26,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
150,
158
]
} |
the relaxant effect of gaba and ( - ) -baclofen persisted in guinea-pigs pretreated ( 1-2 min ) with picrotoxin ( 1.6 mumol kg-1 ) , whereas it was significantly reduced in animals injected 1 min beforehand with 5-aminovaleric acid ( 0.2 mmol ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
23,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
39,
47
]
} |
the maximal relaxant effect induced by gaba and ( - ) -baclofen did not differ from that of atropine ( 0.9 mumol kg-1 ) and after atropine administration gaba had no further inhibitory effect . | NA | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
55,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
154,
158
]
} |
relaxation responses induced by gaba and ( - ) -baclofen still occurred after blockade of nicotinic receptors by hexamethonium ( 0.17 mmol kg-1 ) , which itself caused an increase in the basal tone . | NA | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
32,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
48,
56
]
} |
when the tone was increased by topical application of physostigmine ( 40 micrograms ) , gaba and ( - ) -baclofen induced a greater relaxation than that obtained in basal conditions . | NA | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
88,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
104,
112
]
} |
the effects of adenosine and adenosine analogues ( l-n6-phenylisopropyladenosine ( l-pia ) , d-n6-phenylisopropyladenosine ( d-pia ) , n6-cyclohexyladenosine ( cha ) , n6-methyladenosine , 5'-n-ethylcarboxamide adenosine ( neca ) and 2-chloroadenosine ) on evoked endplate potentials ( e.p.ps ) and on twitch tension were investigated in innervated sartorius muscles of the frog . | NA | {
"id": "C0031484",
"name": "phenylisopropyladenosine",
"pos": [
56,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
242,
251
]
} |
the effects of adenosine and adenosine analogues ( l-n6-phenylisopropyladenosine ( l-pia ) , d-n6-phenylisopropyladenosine ( d-pia ) , n6-cyclohexyladenosine ( cha ) , n6-methyladenosine , 5'-n-ethylcarboxamide adenosine ( neca ) and 2-chloroadenosine ) on evoked endplate potentials ( e.p.ps ) and on twitch tension were investigated in innervated sartorius muscles of the frog . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
15,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0000275",
"name": "2-chloroadenosine",
"pos": [
234,
251
]
} |
the order of potencies in decreasing twitch tension was : l-pia , cha , neca greater than 2-chloroadenosine greater than d-pia greater than n6-methyladenosine , adenosine . | NA | {
"id": "C0031484",
"name": "d-pia",
"pos": [
121,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
161,
170
]
} |
the mu-agonists , [ d-ala2 , mephe4 , gly-ol5 ] enkephalin and morphine , displaced a small portion of the binding of [ 3h ] - [ d-pen2 , d-pen5 ] enkephalin with high affinities . | NA | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
48,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0525856",
"name": "d-pen2 , d-pen5 ] enkephalin",
"pos": [
129,
157
]
} |
excessive consumption was taken as 42 units of alcohol per week or more for men and 21 units per week or more for women : 1 unit = approximately 10 g ethanol and is equivalent to a half pint of beer , one glass of wine , or one standard measure of spirits . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
150,
157
]
} | {
"id": "C0004922",
"name": "beer",
"pos": [
194,
198
]
} |
excessive consumption was taken as 42 units of alcohol per week or more for men and 21 units per week or more for women : 1 unit = approximately 10 g ethanol and is equivalent to a half pint of beer , one glass of wine , or one standard measure of spirits . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
150,
157
]
} | {
"id": "C0043188",
"name": "wine",
"pos": [
214,
218
]
} |
on the basis of evidence that changes in the energy requirement of neurons are due mainly to changes in synaptic activity , the autoradiographic findings are interpreted as indicating that during experimental hemichorea/hemiballismus there was an overall decrease in synaptic activity of subthalamopallidal , subthalamonigral and pallidothalamic pathways on the side of the brain contralateral to the dyskinesia . | NA | {
"id": "C0086439",
"name": "decrease",
"pos": [
255,
263
]
} | {
"id": "C0013384",
"name": "dyskinesia",
"pos": [
401,
411
]
} |
this method has been applied to determine whether beta-adrenergic receptors are more numerous on neurons , astroglia , oligodendroglia or fibroblasts in primary neural cell cultures , and to assess the heterogeneity of receptor expression within a single cell type . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
138,
149
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell type",
"pos": [
255,
264
]
} |
striatal gaba levels proved difficult to elevate when inhibitors of gaba transaminase were released from minipumps , but a high dose of gamma-vinyl gaba increased gaba by 44 % of control , although striatal dopamine and dopac levels were unaltered . | NA | {
"id": "C0048044",
"name": "gamma-vinyl gaba",
"pos": [
136,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
163,
167
]
} |
substance k ( sk ) is a newly discovered neuropeptide which is a member of the tachykinin family that includes substance p ( sp ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0038581",
"name": "substance k",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
79,
89
]
} |
substance k ( sk ) is a newly discovered neuropeptide which is a member of the tachykinin family that includes substance p ( sp ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
79,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "substance p",
"pos": [
111,
122
]
} |
injections of hrp , wga-hrp and [ 3h ] amino acids were made into svn and ' y ' using two different infratentorial stereotaxic approaches . | NA | {
"id": "C0019941",
"name": "hrp",
"pos": [
14,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0078473",
"name": "wga-hrp",
"pos": [
20,
27
]
} |
to determine if neurotrophic factors ( ntfs ) which either support the survival ( cntf ) or promote neuritic outgrowth ( pnpf ) of peripheral cholinergic neurons in vitro affect central cholinergic regeneration in vivo , ntfs were administered intracerebrally to rats after injury to septohippocampal fibers . | NA | {
"id": "C0207071",
"name": "cntf",
"pos": [
82,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0027754",
"name": "ntfs",
"pos": [
221,
225
]
} |
cntf stimulated cholinergic sprouting while pnpf was ineffective under our experimental conditions , suggesting that the effects of other ntfs in vivo may be mediated by enhanced neuronal survival after injury rather than increased axonal sprouting . | NA | {
"id": "C0207071",
"name": "cntf",
"pos": [
0,
4
]
} | {
"id": "C0027754",
"name": "ntfs",
"pos": [
138,
142
]
} |
in rats treated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine ( alpha-mpt ) or saline , the effects of clonidine on the levels and turnover of norepinephrine ( ne ) , epinephrine ( epi ) and dopamine ( da ) were analyzed in microdissected regions of the hypothalamus and extra-hypothalamic structures . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
126,
140
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
150,
161
]
} |
epinephrine and da turnover , in contrast to ne turnover , was unaffected by clonidine in all brain areas , with the exception of the midlateral hypothalamus , where the alpha-mpt-induced depletion of epi and da was totally reversed by clonidine , and in the frontal cortex , where da turnover was also significantly reduced . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "ne",
"pos": [
3,
5
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epi",
"pos": [
201,
204
]
} |
in the absence of divalent cations bound [ 3h ] gaba was displaced by unlabeled gaba , muscimol or bicuculline , but it was not displaced by ( +/- ) -baclofen . | NA | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
48,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
150,
158
]
} |
the orthograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin ( wga-hrp ) has been used to study the distribution of corticospinal axons in adult and pouch-young opossums . | NA | {
"id": "C0019941",
"name": "horseradish peroxidase",
"pos": [
28,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0078473",
"name": "wga-hrp",
"pos": [
89,
96
]
} |
displacement curve analyses demonstrated that gtp and its nonhydrolyzable analog , gpp ( nh ) p , inhibited the binding of [ 3h ] dihydromorphine ( mu agonist ) , [ 3h ] d-ala2-d-leu5-enkephalin ( delta agonist ) , and [ 3h ] ethylketocyclazocine ( general agonist ) but not [ 3h ] diprenorphine ( general antagonist ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0018353",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
46,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0018366",
"name": "gpp ( nh ) p",
"pos": [
83,
95
]
} |
biochemical measurements demonstrate that , in some species , various retinoids administered in the diet , can reduce the tissue contents of several lipid-soluble compounds : vitamin k , alpha-tocopherol , cholesterol , and vitamin a itself . | NA | {
"id": "C0035339",
"name": "retinoids",
"pos": [
70,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0042839",
"name": "vitamin a",
"pos": [
224,
233
]
} |
collagen production , estimated by conversion of 3h-proline to 3h-hydroxyproline in nondialyzable material was markedly elevated in postconfluent cultures , but not in cultures that had only just reached confluence . | NA | {
"id": "C0033382",
"name": "proline",
"pos": [
52,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0020388",
"name": "hydroxyproline",
"pos": [
66,
80
]
} |
about 65 of 3h-hydroxyproline was in low molecular weight form , and a correlation between collagen breakdown and cyclic amp ( camp ) levels in rbmfs was demonstrated by adding dibutyryl camp or prostaglandin e3 ( pge2 ) to the culture medium concurrently with 3h-proline . | NA | {
"id": "C0020388",
"name": "hydroxyproline",
"pos": [
15,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0033382",
"name": "proline",
"pos": [
264,
271
]
} |
about 65 of 3h-hydroxyproline was in low molecular weight form , and a correlation between collagen breakdown and cyclic amp ( camp ) levels in rbmfs was demonstrated by adding dibutyryl camp or prostaglandin e3 ( pge2 ) to the culture medium concurrently with 3h-proline . | NA | {
"id": "C0001455",
"name": "cyclic amp",
"pos": [
114,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C0012054",
"name": "dibutyryl camp",
"pos": [
177,
191
]
} |
two structural series of c28:1 to c42:1 and c45:2 to c55:2 fatty acids were identified as possible precursors of the monoenyl and dienyl mycolic acids , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0015684",
"name": "fatty acids",
"pos": [
59,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0026931",
"name": "mycolic acids",
"pos": [
137,
150
]
} |
the results suggest that these c28 to c55 fatty acids ( meromycolic acids ) of m. smegmatis might be precursors of mycolic acids . | NA | {
"id": "C0015684",
"name": "fatty acids",
"pos": [
42,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0026931",
"name": "mycolic acids",
"pos": [
115,
128
]
} |
competitive binding studies with various alginates and monosaccharides suggest that the c6 carboxyl group of uronic acids are recognized by the antibody and that the antigen-binding site is fairly large and may recognize a particular sequence or epitope of alginic acid which is rich in l-guluronic acid . | NA | {
"id": "C0002040",
"name": "alginates",
"pos": [
41,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0051156",
"name": "alginic acid",
"pos": [
257,
269
]
} |
four unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophs designated as ufa1 , ufa2 , ufa3 , and ufa4 have been produced from this organism by treating the conidia of the wild-type strain with a mutagen , n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine , followed by isolation on media containing monounsaturated fatty acids and the nonionic detergent , brij 58 . | NA | {
"id": "C0015690",
"name": "unsaturated fatty acid",
"pos": [
5,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0015687",
"name": "monounsaturated fatty acids",
"pos": [
267,
294
]
} |
ufa2 grows only in the presence of unsaturated fatty acid ( c16 or c18 ) and accumulates a higher concentration of supplemented acid which influences its fatty acid profile . | NA | {
"id": "C0015690",
"name": "unsaturated fatty acid",
"pos": [
35,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0015684",
"name": "fatty acid",
"pos": [
154,
164
]
} |
the results suggest that divalent cations are not essential for chlamydial infection but that the process of internalization is facilitated by the presence of cations , particularly na+ and ca2+ . | NA | {
"id": "C0007448",
"name": "divalent cations",
"pos": [
25,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0007447",
"name": "cations",
"pos": [
159,
166
]
} |
because the false-negative reactions given by the ca series of antibodies are to some extent complementary to those given by monoclonal antibodies directed against the carcinoembryonic antigen ( cea ) , a combination of ca2 and anti-cea is recommended as a most useful addition to the normal cytologic examination of effusions . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
63,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal",
"pos": [
125,
135
]
} |
the findings indicated that the fine structural changes in synthesis and melanization of melanosomes are unique to the dysplastic nevi and that they may be helpful in diagnosis of the nevi and may fill the gap of abnormal melanogenesis that exists between common melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma . | NA | {
"id": "C0027960",
"name": "nevi",
"pos": [
130,
134
]
} | {
"id": "C0027962",
"name": "melanocytic nevi",
"pos": [
263,
279
]
} |
the histologic features of the three types were reminiscent of those of adenocarcinoma , adenoid cystic carcinoma , and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0001418",
"name": "adenocarcinoma",
"pos": [
72,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0010606",
"name": "adenoid cystic carcinoma",
"pos": [
89,
113
]
} |
anll developed in 16 of the 77 remaining untreated patients , including 18 % ( 2/11 ) , 0 % ( 0/21 ) , 22 % ( 5/23 ) , 33 % ( 2/6 ) , and 44 % ( 7/16 ) of patients with refractory anemia ( ra ) , refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts ( rars ) , raeb , cmml , and raeb/tr , respectively ( p = 0.02 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0002893",
"name": "refractory anemia",
"pos": [
169,
186
]
} | {
"id": "C0002894",
"name": "raeb/tr",
"pos": [
266,
273
]
} |
patients with raeb , cmml , and raeb/tr frequently died of direct consequences of mds , while patients with ra and especially rars generally survived or died from unrelated disorders ( p = less than 0.0001 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0002894",
"name": "raeb/tr",
"pos": [
32,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0002893",
"name": "ra",
"pos": [
135,
137
]
} |
two dimensional electrophoretic separation of gag of mesothelioma and lung cancer showed hyaluronic acid , heparan sulfate , heparin , dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate ; | NA | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "gag",
"pos": [
46,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0019143",
"name": "heparan sulfate",
"pos": [
107,
122
]
} |
two dimensional electrophoretic separation of gag of mesothelioma and lung cancer showed hyaluronic acid , heparan sulfate , heparin , dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate ; | NA | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "gag",
"pos": [
46,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "heparin",
"pos": [
125,
132
]
} |
twice-weekly application to mouse skin of 10 nmol of the potent tumor promoter , 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ( tpa ) , beginning at 3 weeks after topical application of 1.2 mumol of 7,12-dimethylbenz [ a ] anthracene ( dmba ) , was found to cause a rapid loss of persistent dmba-dna adducts from both epidermal and dermal dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
13,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
331,
334
]
} |
methylene-bridged bay region chrysene and phenanthrene derivatives and their keto-analogs : mutagenicity in salmonella typhimurium and tumor-initiating activity on mouse skin . | NA | {
"id": "C0008722",
"name": "chrysene",
"pos": [
29,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0031368",
"name": "phenanthrene derivatives",
"pos": [
42,
66
]
} |
cells were immunophenotyped with a panel of monoclonal antibodies ( moab ) ( okia , leu m1 , leu m2 , leu m3 , leu m4 , b1 , okt 11 , j5 ) and the same antibodies were used in an in vitro cytotoxicity test . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibodies",
"pos": [
44,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
152,
162
]
} |
in order to investigate whether the high aerobic glycolysis of the cancer cell can be explained on the basis of a lack of the regulatory function of pfk due to an altered isozyme distribution pattern , we compared the activity and isozymic profile of the enzyme from malignant cells of human leukemias , lymphomas , virus-transformed cell lines , and established malignant cell lines of lymphoid , myeloid , erythroid , and fibroblastic origin and their normal counterparts . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
27,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblastic",
"pos": [
424,
436
]
} |
in order to investigate whether the high aerobic glycolysis of the cancer cell can be explained on the basis of a lack of the regulatory function of pfk due to an altered isozyme distribution pattern , we compared the activity and isozymic profile of the enzyme from malignant cells of human leukemias , lymphomas , virus-transformed cell lines , and established malignant cell lines of lymphoid , myeloid , erythroid , and fibroblastic origin and their normal counterparts . | NA | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isozyme",
"pos": [
171,
178
]
} | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
255,
261
]
} |
the antifolate drugs methotrexate ( mtx ) and aminopterin ( am ) have been tested as substrates for folylpolyglutamate synthetase ( fpgs ) partially purified from beef liver . | NA | {
"id": "C0025677",
"name": "methotrexate",
"pos": [
21,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0002583",
"name": "aminopterin",
"pos": [
46,
57
]
} |
based on their ratios of vmax to km , am is a better substrate than is mtx for the beef liver fpgs . | NA | {
"id": "C0002583",
"name": "am",
"pos": [
38,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0025677",
"name": "mtx",
"pos": [
71,
74
]
} |
the reactivity of 7-hydroxymethotrexate is similar to that of mtx , but 7-hydroxyaminopterin is a poorer substrate than am . | NA | {
"id": "C0025677",
"name": "mtx",
"pos": [
62,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0002583",
"name": "am",
"pos": [
120,
122
]
} |
with near-saturating concentrations of am , mtx , or 7-hydroxymethotrexate , the reaction velocity exceeds that with an optimal concentration of tetrahydrofolate . | NA | {
"id": "C0002583",
"name": "am",
"pos": [
39,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0025677",
"name": "mtx",
"pos": [
44,
47
]
} |
our observations using mtx and am with the enzymatic fpgs system help to rationalize the therapeutic use of antifolates . | NA | {
"id": "C0025677",
"name": "mtx",
"pos": [
23,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0002583",
"name": "am",
"pos": [
31,
33
]
} |
five pyrrolizidine alkaloids , retronecine , monocrotaline , seneciphylline , senkirkine , and clivorine , were also tested in the dna repair test with hamster or mouse hepatocytes . | NA | {
"id": "C0034335",
"name": "pyrrolizidine",
"pos": [
5,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0085241",
"name": "monocrotaline",
"pos": [
45,
58
]
} |
using chinese hamster lung fibroblasts ( v79 cells ) that were treated for 30 min with various concentrations of 4'- ( 9-acridinylamino ) methanesulfon-m-anisidide or 5-iminodaunorubicin , we measured dna strand breaks ( ssb and dsb ) , sister chromatid exchanges ( sce ) , mutations at the hypoxanthine : guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus , and cell killing . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
27,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
352,
356
]
} |
tsta activity was sensitive to digestion with pronase , papain , chymotrypsin , and alpha-mannosidase , but resistant to dnase , rnase , neuraminidase , trypsin , endoglycosidase h , and a mixed-function glycosidase . | NA | {
"id": "C0027803",
"name": "neuraminidase",
"pos": [
137,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C0017976",
"name": "glycosidase",
"pos": [
204,
215
]
} |
dna from three cell lines , hl-60 ( promyelocytic leukemia ) , rc2a ( myelomonocytic leukemia ) , and kg-1 ( acute myeloblastic leukemia ) , was capable of transforming nih/3t3 cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0023487",
"name": "promyelocytic",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0023467",
"name": "acute myeloblastic",
"pos": [
109,
127
]
} |
the sensitivity or resistance of mammalian cells in culture to retinoic acid is discussed in relation with cellular binding activity for vitamin a . | NA | {
"id": "C0040845",
"name": "retinoic acid",
"pos": [
63,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0042839",
"name": "vitamin a",
"pos": [
137,
146
]
} |
thus , the extent of bioavailability and the single-dose kinetics of shd and sodium valproate are similar with the exception of a more rapid absorption ( tmax 2.37 versus 3.23 h ) and a higher concentration ( cmax 192 versus 176 mumol/l ) for shd . | NA | {
"id": "C0041119",
"name": "3",
"pos": [
161,
162
]
} | {
"id": "C0020275",
"name": "shd",
"pos": [
243,
246
]
} |
none of nine with pediatric sarcomas ( ewing 's sarcoma , osteogenic sarcoma , or rhabdomyosarcoma ) achieved partial response . | NA | {
"id": "C0553580",
"name": "ewing 's sarcoma",
"pos": [
39,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0029463",
"name": "osteogenic sarcoma",
"pos": [
58,
76
]
} |
the mutants resistant to both of these drugs showed significantly increased resistance toward aclarubicin , dactinomycin , doxorubicin , bisantrene , bruceantin , chromomycin a3 , demecolcine , colchicine , daunorubicin , ellipticine , emetine , ethidium bromide , maytansine , mithramycin , mitoxantrone , nitidine chloride , olivomycin , podophyllotoxin , puromycin , taxol , vinblastine , vincristine , vindesine , teniposide , and etoposide . | NA | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
123,
134
]
} | {
"id": "C0011015",
"name": "daunorubicin",
"pos": [
207,
219
]
} |
the mutants resistant to both of these drugs showed significantly increased resistance toward aclarubicin , dactinomycin , doxorubicin , bisantrene , bruceantin , chromomycin a3 , demecolcine , colchicine , daunorubicin , ellipticine , emetine , ethidium bromide , maytansine , mithramycin , mitoxantrone , nitidine chloride , olivomycin , podophyllotoxin , puromycin , taxol , vinblastine , vincristine , vindesine , teniposide , and etoposide . | NA | {
"id": "C0011259",
"name": "demecolcine",
"pos": [
180,
191
]
} | {
"id": "C0009262",
"name": "colchicine",
"pos": [
194,
204
]
} |
interestingly , either one or both of the above mutants exhibited somewhat enhanced sensitivity toward vidarabine , acivicin , bleomycin , cisplatin , cytarabine , alpha-difluoromethyl-ornithine , 5-fu , tegafur , and tiazofurin . | NA | {
"id": "C0016360",
"name": "5-fu",
"pos": [
197,
201
]
} | {
"id": "C0016778",
"name": "tegafur",
"pos": [
204,
211
]
} |
combined use of vitamin k and warfarin enhanced cytotoxicity because a concentration of 1 micrograms/ml of vitamin k3 together with 70 micrograms/ml of warfarin resulted in nearly complete inhibition of l1210 growth . | NA | {
"id": "C0042878",
"name": "vitamin k",
"pos": [
16,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0025270",
"name": "vitamin k3",
"pos": [
107,
117
]
} |
[ the effect of short-term exhausting physical stress on the lipoprotein spectrum and on additional lipid parameters in sera ] . | NA | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoprotein",
"pos": [
61,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
100,
105
]
} |
in contrast to the numerous cytoplasmic stress fibers in somite-derived fibroblasts and notochord cells revealed by rhodamine-phalloidin staining and thin-section electron microscopy , microfilaments in nc cells are restricted to the cell cortex . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
72,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
206,
211
]
} |
a murine monoclonal antibody , slow-1 , was selected , which inhibits the locomotion of chick embryo fibroblasts ( the immunizing cells ) in tissue culture . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
101,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
130,
135
]
} |
one mutant gene contains a single base substitution that changes a tryptophan codon ( tgg ) to a termination codon ( tga ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0009221",
"name": "codon",
"pos": [
78,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0242611",
"name": "termination",
"pos": [
97,
108
]
} |
here we present evidence to show that two viral dna cleavage and packaging signals reside within a 250 bp subfragment of the terminal repeat , that the termini of mature viral dna are generated by a process involving two separate dna cleavages at sites distal to the cleavage signals , and that the sequences between these two cleavage sites are duplicated by the dna maturation system . | NA | {
"id": "C0012939",
"name": "viral dna",
"pos": [
42,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
364,
367
]
} |
electron microscopy of dna gyrase holoenzyme , of gyrase a subunits , and of the complexes of both species with dna enables us to deduce the relative locations of subunits in the holoenzyme and to indicate a plausible path for dna complexed with gyrase . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
23,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
249,
250
]
} |
this suggests that these proteins will be useful for the diagnosis of htlv-iii infection and possibly as a vaccine against aids . | NA | {
"id": "C0019693",
"name": "htlv-iii infection",
"pos": [
70,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0001175",
"name": "aids",
"pos": [
123,
127
]
} |
however , for fixed allogeneic spleen cells to stimulate proliferation of the cloned cells , it was necessary to add irradiated syngeneic i-ak-bearing spleen cells , as fixed h-2s spleen cells added , by themselves , to a10 cells were nonstimulatory . | NA | {
"id": "C3485979",
"name": "allogeneic",
"pos": [
20,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
224,
229
]
} |
similar to our results with fixed allogeneic spleen cells , this source of alloantigen could stimulate a10 cells to proliferate only if irradiated syngeneic spleen cells were added to the cultures . | NA | {
"id": "C3485979",
"name": "allogeneic",
"pos": [
34,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
164,
169
]
} |
purified serum amyloid p component ( sap ) , the major acute-phase reactant of mice , induces enhanced interleukin 1 ( il-1 ) production by elicited monocytes/macrophages in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0002721",
"name": "serum amyloid p component",
"pos": [
9,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0001347",
"name": "acute-phase reactant",
"pos": [
55,
75
]
} |
as pla , klebsiella pneumoniae 03 lipopolysaccharide ( k03 lps ) , escherichia coli 0111 lipopolysaccharide ( e. coli lps ) , dextran sulfate ( ds ) , concanavalin a ( con a ) , phytohemaggulutinin ( pha ) , polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid ( poly ( a : u ] , polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid ( poly ( i : c ] , and pokeweed mitogen ( pwm ) were used . | NA | {
"id": "C0032402",
"name": "polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid",
"pos": [
208,
238
]
} | {
"id": "C0032400",
"name": "poly ( a",
"pos": [
241,
249
]
} |
the in vitro activity of ceftizoxime against 200 clinical isolates of enterobacteria and pseudomonas , was compared with those of other beta-lactam antibiotics such as : cefotaxime , cefoperazone , cefuroxime , and the aminoglycosides gentamicin and amikacin . | NA | {
"id": "C0007560",
"name": "ceftizoxime",
"pos": [
25,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
170,
180
]
} |
the in vitro activity of ceftizoxime against 200 clinical isolates of enterobacteria and pseudomonas , was compared with those of other beta-lactam antibiotics such as : cefotaxime , cefoperazone , cefuroxime , and the aminoglycosides gentamicin and amikacin . | NA | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
170,
180
]
} | {
"id": "C0007562",
"name": "cefuroxime",
"pos": [
198,
208
]
} |
the in vitro activity of ceftizoxime against 200 clinical isolates of enterobacteria and pseudomonas , was compared with those of other beta-lactam antibiotics such as : cefotaxime , cefoperazone , cefuroxime , and the aminoglycosides gentamicin and amikacin . | NA | {
"id": "C0002556",
"name": "aminoglycosides",
"pos": [
219,
234
]
} | {
"id": "C0017436",
"name": "gentamicin",
"pos": [
235,
245
]
} |
ceftizoxime inhibited escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae with doses from two to four fold lower than cefotaxime . | NA | {
"id": "C0007560",
"name": "ceftizoxime",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
109,
119
]
} |
ceftizoxime and cefotaxime were more active than cefuroxime and cefoperazone against enterobacter spp. , and proteus morganii . | NA | {
"id": "C0007560",
"name": "ceftizoxime",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
16,
26
]
} |
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