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however , obese rats incorporated 2.5-fold and 6-fold more [ 14c ] leucine into vldl and hdl in vivo , 2.7-fold and 1.7 fold more [ 35s ] methionine in vldl and hdl present in the perfusate , than did lean rats .
NA
{ "id": "C0062709", "name": "hdl", "pos": [ 89, 92 ] }
{ "id": "C0023821", "name": "hdl", "pos": [ 161, 164 ] }
thus , the hypertriglyceridaemia observed in obese zucker rats results from very high synthetic rates of both the lipid and protein moieties of plasma lipoproteins .
NA
{ "id": "C0023779", "name": "lipid", "pos": [ 114, 119 ] }
{ "id": "C0023820", "name": "lipoproteins", "pos": [ 151, 163 ] }
oxygen uptake in the presence of 3- and 4-substituted methyl-catechols revealed a catechol-1,2-oxygenase activity specific for substituted catechols with very limited activity for catechol .
NA
{ "id": "C0018304", "name": "methyl-catechols", "pos": [ 54, 70 ] }
{ "id": "C0007413", "name": "catechols", "pos": [ 139, 148 ] }
in rabbits , chickens , and monkeys , long-term feeding of small amounts of cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis despite little or no rise in serum total cholesterol , indicating an independent contribution of dietary cholesterol to atherogenesis over-and-above its influence on serum cholesterol , possibly through effects on serum cholesterol fractions ( eg , increased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ) .
NA
{ "id": "C0008377", "name": "cholesterol", "pos": [ 76, 87 ] }
{ "id": "C0008395", "name": "dietary cholesterol", "pos": [ 210, 229 ] }
in rabbits , chickens , and monkeys , long-term feeding of small amounts of cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis despite little or no rise in serum total cholesterol , indicating an independent contribution of dietary cholesterol to atherogenesis over-and-above its influence on serum cholesterol , possibly through effects on serum cholesterol fractions ( eg , increased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ) .
NA
{ "id": "C0008377", "name": "cholesterol", "pos": [ 76, 87 ] }
{ "id": "C0023824", "name": "low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol", "pos": [ 372, 407 ] }
this protein has recently been shown to have a striking amino acid sequence homology with plasminogen , a serine protease zymogen that on activation to plasmin promotes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin .
NA
{ "id": "C0036734", "name": "serine protease", "pos": [ 106, 121 ] }
{ "id": "C0016016", "name": "plasmin", "pos": [ 152, 159 ] }
finally , we describe the influence of fat and cholesterol fed to rhesus monkeys and baboons on the generation of hepatogenous ( from isolated liver perfusates ) vldl enriched in cholesterol ester and apoprotein e .
NA
{ "id": "C0008377", "name": "cholesterol", "pos": [ 47, 58 ] }
{ "id": "C0008387", "name": "cholesterol ester", "pos": [ 179, 196 ] }
the histologic neuroendocrine patterns reported previously vary from small cell to carcinoidlike to mixed adenocarcinoma -- small cell or carcinoid .
NA
{ "id": "C0001418", "name": "adenocarcinoma", "pos": [ 106, 120 ] }
{ "id": "C0007095", "name": "carcinoid", "pos": [ 138, 147 ] }
under pathologic conditions intra-articular pressure of the hip joint can rise well above arterial pressure and thus eventually compromise vascular supply to the femoral head , even in the presence of only minimal intra-articular effusion .
NA
{ "id": "C0022408", "name": "conditions", "pos": [ 17, 27 ] }
{ "id": "C1253936", "name": "of", "pos": [ 198, 200 ] }
( 2 ) false aneurysms in this clinical setting can be approached directly through the aneurysm cavity ;
NA
{ "id": "C1510412", "name": "false aneurysms", "pos": [ 6, 21 ] }
{ "id": "C0002940", "name": "aneurysm", "pos": [ 86, 94 ] }
twenty-four hours before harvesting , serum-free medium containing 50-microci tritiated proline , an amino acid hydroxylated in collagen ( hydroxyproline ) , and 50 micrograms/ml of ascorbate was added per well .
NA
{ "id": "C0033382", "name": "proline", "pos": [ 88, 95 ] }
{ "id": "C0020388", "name": "hydroxyproline", "pos": [ 139, 153 ] }
on days 3 and 5 the medium and cells were collected , precipitated with trichloroacetic acid , and then sedimented , lyophilized , and analyzed to separate hydroxyproline and proline .
NA
{ "id": "C0020388", "name": "hydroxyproline", "pos": [ 156, 170 ] }
{ "id": "C0033382", "name": "proline", "pos": [ 175, 182 ] }
values for collagen and noncollagen protein were calculated after quantitation of the hydroxyproline and proline concentrations .
NA
{ "id": "C0020388", "name": "hydroxyproline", "pos": [ 86, 100 ] }
{ "id": "C0033382", "name": "proline", "pos": [ 105, 112 ] }
all four patients in the multiple fetal anomaly group died of their other congenital defects .
NA
{ "id": "C0000772", "name": "multiple fetal anomaly", "pos": [ 25, 47 ] }
{ "id": "C0000768", "name": "congenital defects", "pos": [ 74, 92 ] }
in this model , endotoxin ( lipopolysaccharide ) triggers kupffer cells to induce suppression of hepatocyte protein synthesis .
NA
{ "id": "C0014264", "name": "endotoxin", "pos": [ 16, 25 ] }
{ "id": "C0023810", "name": "lipopolysaccharide", "pos": [ 28, 46 ] }
both monoclonal antibody ( mab ) and polyclonal antibody ( pab ) directed against the shared core/lipid a region of lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) ( endotoxin ) provide protection during experimental gram-negative bacterial sepsis .
NA
{ "id": "C0023767", "name": "lipid a", "pos": [ 98, 105 ] }
{ "id": "C0023810", "name": "lipopolysaccharide", "pos": [ 116, 134 ] }
both monoclonal antibody ( mab ) and polyclonal antibody ( pab ) directed against the shared core/lipid a region of lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) ( endotoxin ) provide protection during experimental gram-negative bacterial sepsis .
NA
{ "id": "C0023810", "name": "lipopolysaccharide", "pos": [ 116, 134 ] }
{ "id": "C0014264", "name": "endotoxin", "pos": [ 145, 154 ] }
the core/lipid a region of lps represents an antigenic domain common to many , if not all , gram-negative microbes , and thus represents an ideal target site for antibody binding .
NA
{ "id": "C0023767", "name": "lipid a", "pos": [ 9, 16 ] }
{ "id": "C0023810", "name": "lps", "pos": [ 27, 30 ] }
we hypothesize that alterations of hepatocyte function in sepsis are modulated by endotoxin ( lipopolysaccharide ) -triggered kupffer cells .
NA
{ "id": "C0014264", "name": "endotoxin", "pos": [ 82, 91 ] }
{ "id": "C0023810", "name": "lipopolysaccharide", "pos": [ 94, 112 ] }
some of the properties of the immediate-early ( ie ) and early proteins induced by the murine cytomegalovirus ( smith strain ) were examined in permissively infected 3 t 3-l 1 cells , and in non-permissively infected j 774a.1 ( mouse macrophage ) and human fibroblast cells , in order to determine differences that could account for the restriction in virus replication in the latter two cell lines .
NA
{ "id": "C0007634", "name": "cells", "pos": [ 176, 181 ] }
{ "id": "C0016030", "name": "fibroblast", "pos": [ 257, 267 ] }
the patients were given a daily supplement of 4.5 g n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( pufa 's ) for 4 weeks and were then randomized to the same oil or to fish oil ( 4.5 g n-3 pufa 's ) for 12 weeks .
NA
{ "id": "C0028908", "name": "oil", "pos": [ 145, 148 ] }
{ "id": "C0016157", "name": "fish oil", "pos": [ 155, 163 ] }
for chemical and hormonal stimuli , cells ( 2 x 10 ( 4 ] were seeded on tissue-culture chamber/slides , and incubated with graded doses of either parathyroid hormone ( pth ) or prostaglandin e2 ( pge2 ) for assessment of their adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate ( camp ) levels , and with indomethacin or colchicine for their effect on pge levels .
NA
{ "id": "C0033554", "name": "prostaglandin", "pos": [ 177, 190 ] }
{ "id": "C0033559", "name": "pge", "pos": [ 331, 334 ] }
labelled proteoglycans synthesized by the band cells were similar to those known to be synthesized by hyaline cartilage , but the attachment-region cells synthesized fibroblast-like proteoglycans .
NA
{ "id": "C0007634", "name": "cells", "pos": [ 47, 52 ] }
{ "id": "C0016030", "name": "fibroblast", "pos": [ 166, 176 ] }
furthermore , growth of fibroblasts , persistence of epithelial cells and parathyroid hormone release was demonstrated in cells derived from parathyroid tissue that had been cryopreserved for 2 years .
NA
{ "id": "C0016030", "name": "fibroblasts", "pos": [ 24, 35 ] }
{ "id": "C0007634", "name": "cells", "pos": [ 122, 127 ] }
the results suggest that : ( 1 ) the reactions catalysed by the short-chain carnitine acyltransferases , but not by the carnitine palmitoyltransferases , are near equilibrium in liver both before and after modification of metabolism by administration of ciprofibrate or poca ;
NA
{ "id": "C0007261", "name": "carnitine acyltransferases", "pos": [ 76, 102 ] }
{ "id": "C0007262", "name": "carnitine palmitoyltransferases", "pos": [ 120, 151 ] }
a procedure was devised that allows the membrane-skeletal proteins brain spectrin and ankyrin to be extracted selectively from a membrane-skeletal preparation , together with some actin , an mr-103,000 protein and a population of glycoproteins .
NA
{ "id": "C0025252", "name": "membrane", "pos": [ 40, 48 ] }
{ "id": "C0033684", "name": "protein", "pos": [ 235, 242 ] }
measurements were made of the activities of the following enzymes of glycerolipid synthesis in homogenates of interscapsular brown adipose tissue obtained from rats subjected to a 4 degrees c environment for time periods of 6 h up to 12 days : fatty acyl-coa synthetase ( fas ) , mitochondrial and microsomal forms of glycerolphosphate acyltransferase ( gpat ) , monoacylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase ( mgpat ) and mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase ( pph ) .
NA
{ "id": "C0017874", "name": "glycerolphosphate acyltransferase", "pos": [ 318, 351 ] }
{ "id": "C0001390", "name": "acyltransferase", "pos": [ 389, 404 ] }
changes in mitochondrial gpat and in mg2+-dependent pph activities were larger in amplitude than that of mgpat .
NA
{ "id": "C0017874", "name": "gpat", "pos": [ 25, 29 ] }
{ "id": "C0001390", "name": "mgpat", "pos": [ 105, 110 ] }
cysteine itself was poorly active , whereas glutathione , n-acetylcysteine and penicillamine were completely inactive as myeloperoxidase-oxidase substrates under these conditions .
NA
{ "id": "C0010654", "name": "cysteine", "pos": [ 0, 8 ] }
{ "id": "C0001047", "name": "n-acetylcysteine", "pos": [ 58, 74 ] }
it gives a highly purified ( 11,000-fold ) enzyme in 19 % yield , which is free of other sialyltransferases , cmp-neuac hydrolase , sialidases and proteinases .
NA
{ "id": "C0020289", "name": "hydrolase", "pos": [ 120, 129 ] }
{ "id": "C0030940", "name": "proteinases", "pos": [ 147, 158 ] }
identification of specific binding sites for keratan sulphate proteoglycans and chondroitin-dermatan sulphate proteoglycans on collagen fibrils in cornea by the use of cupromeronic blue in 'critical-electrolyte-concentration ' techniques .
NA
{ "id": "C0033692", "name": "proteoglycans", "pos": [ 62, 75 ] }
{ "id": "C0033689", "name": "chondroitin", "pos": [ 80, 91 ] }
keratanase and chondroitin abc lyase digestion showed that a + c-band- and d + e-band-associated pgs were keratan sulphate-rich and chondroitin ( dermatan ) sulphate-rich respectively .
NA
{ "id": "C0008454", "name": "chondroitin", "pos": [ 15, 26 ] }
{ "id": "C0011602", "name": "dermatan", "pos": [ 146, 154 ] }
the interactions between factor b ( b ) , its activation products ba and bb , properdin ( p ) and c3i or c3b , components that together form the alternative-pathway c3 convertase enzyme of human complement , have been analysed .
NA
{ "id": "C0033453", "name": "factor b", "pos": [ 25, 33 ] }
{ "id": "C0009498", "name": "complement", "pos": [ 195, 205 ] }
naf plus alcl3 completely and reversibly inhibits the activity of the purified ( na+ + k+ ) -atpase ( na+- and k+-activated atpase ) and of the purified plasmalemmal ( ca2+ + mg2+ ) -atpase ( ca2+-stimulated and mg2+-dependent atpase ) .
NA
{ "id": "C0001479", "name": "na", "pos": [ 0, 2 ] }
{ "id": "C0001473", "name": "atpase", "pos": [ 227, 233 ] }
naf plus alcl3 completely and reversibly inhibits the activity of the purified ( na+ + k+ ) -atpase ( na+- and k+-activated atpase ) and of the purified plasmalemmal ( ca2+ + mg2+ ) -atpase ( ca2+-stimulated and mg2+-dependent atpase ) .
NA
{ "id": "C0001473", "name": "atpase", "pos": [ 93, 99 ] }
{ "id": "C0001477", "name": "mg2", "pos": [ 212, 215 ] }
alf4- inhibits the ( na+ + k+ ) -atpase and the plasmalemmal ( ca2+ + mg2+ ) -atpase noncompetitively with respect to atp and to their respective cationic substrates , na+ and ca2+ .
NA
{ "id": "C0001479", "name": "na", "pos": [ 21, 23 ] }
{ "id": "C0001473", "name": "atpase", "pos": [ 78, 84 ] }
alf4- probably binds to the phosphate-binding site of the atpase , as the ki for inhibition of the ( na+ + k+ ) -atpase and of the plasmalemmal ( ca2+ + mg2+ ) -atpase is shifted in the presence of respectively 5 and 50 mm-pi to higher concentrations of naf .
NA
{ "id": "C0001479", "name": "na", "pos": [ 101, 103 ] }
{ "id": "C0001473", "name": "atpase", "pos": [ 161, 167 ] }
these data confirm that c-reactive protein , serum amyloid a , haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin display acute phase behaviour in the rabbit , and demonstrate that , in contrast to their behaviour in man , alpha 2m and transferrin are positive acute phase proteins in this species .
NA
{ "id": "C0006560", "name": "c-reactive protein", "pos": [ 24, 42 ] }
{ "id": "C0001347", "name": "acute phase proteins", "pos": [ 240, 260 ] }
these data confirm that c-reactive protein , serum amyloid a , haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin display acute phase behaviour in the rabbit , and demonstrate that , in contrast to their behaviour in man , alpha 2m and transferrin are positive acute phase proteins in this species .
NA
{ "id": "C0002723", "name": "serum amyloid a", "pos": [ 45, 60 ] }
{ "id": "C0001347", "name": "acute phase proteins", "pos": [ 240, 260 ] }
these data confirm that c-reactive protein , serum amyloid a , haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin display acute phase behaviour in the rabbit , and demonstrate that , in contrast to their behaviour in man , alpha 2m and transferrin are positive acute phase proteins in this species .
NA
{ "id": "C0018595", "name": "haptoglobin", "pos": [ 63, 74 ] }
{ "id": "C0001347", "name": "acute phase proteins", "pos": [ 240, 260 ] }
these data confirm that c-reactive protein , serum amyloid a , haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin display acute phase behaviour in the rabbit , and demonstrate that , in contrast to their behaviour in man , alpha 2m and transferrin are positive acute phase proteins in this species .
NA
{ "id": "C0007841", "name": "ceruloplasmin", "pos": [ 79, 92 ] }
{ "id": "C0001347", "name": "acute phase proteins", "pos": [ 240, 260 ] }
these data confirm that c-reactive protein , serum amyloid a , haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin display acute phase behaviour in the rabbit , and demonstrate that , in contrast to their behaviour in man , alpha 2m and transferrin are positive acute phase proteins in this species .
NA
{ "id": "C0040679", "name": "transferrin", "pos": [ 215, 226 ] }
{ "id": "C0001347", "name": "acute phase proteins", "pos": [ 240, 260 ] }
while both interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor regulate biosynthesis of a number of these acute phase proteins in rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures , neither of these monokines induced c-reactive protein synthesis .
NA
{ "id": "C0001347", "name": "acute phase", "pos": [ 95, 106 ] }
{ "id": "C0006560", "name": "c-reactive protein", "pos": [ 191, 209 ] }
adp-ribosylation of histones and non-histone nuclear proteins was studied in isolated nuclei during the naturally synchronous cell cycle of physarum polycephalum .
NA
{ "id": "C0019652", "name": "histone", "pos": [ 20, 27 ] }
{ "id": "C0028589", "name": "nuclear proteins", "pos": [ 45, 61 ] }
the assumption that accumulation of exchangeable components into the phospholipid bilayers can be described by linear bulk-phase partition leads to simple relationships between the initial reaction rate and ( a ) two kinetic coefficients ( v and k 'm ) , ( b ) the partition coefficients of the solutes for the lipid compartments of the membrane ( pms ) and liposomal preparations ( p1s ) and ( c ) the total concentrations of substrate , membrane lipid and liposomal lipid .
NA
{ "id": "C0031676", "name": "phospholipid", "pos": [ 69, 81 ] }
{ "id": "C0025249", "name": "membrane lipid", "pos": [ 439, 453 ] }
the assumption that accumulation of exchangeable components into the phospholipid bilayers can be described by linear bulk-phase partition leads to simple relationships between the initial reaction rate and ( a ) two kinetic coefficients ( v and k 'm ) , ( b ) the partition coefficients of the solutes for the lipid compartments of the membrane ( pms ) and liposomal preparations ( p1s ) and ( c ) the total concentrations of substrate , membrane lipid and liposomal lipid .
NA
{ "id": "C0025249", "name": "membrane lipid", "pos": [ 439, 453 ] }
{ "id": "C0023779", "name": "lipid", "pos": [ 468, 473 ] }
amino acid analysis showed that the lectin has a fairly high content of acidic amino acid residues ( 22 % of the total ) .
NA
{ "id": "C0002520", "name": "amino acid", "pos": [ 0, 10 ] }
{ "id": "C0815040", "name": "acidic amino acid", "pos": [ 72, 89 ] }
treatment of swarm rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes for 3 days in media containing either non-recombinant pig or recombinant human insulin ( 1 micrograms/ml ) increased the rate of proteoglycan synthesis approximately 6-fold compared with cells cultured in the absence of insulin .
NA
{ "id": "C0225369", "name": "chondrocytes", "pos": [ 38, 50 ] }
{ "id": "C0007634", "name": "cells", "pos": [ 238, 243 ] }
like most cells , chondrosarcoma chondrocytes down-regulated their insulin receptors when incubated with insulin for 30 min .
NA
{ "id": "C0007634", "name": "cells", "pos": [ 10, 15 ] }
{ "id": "C0225369", "name": "chondrocytes", "pos": [ 33, 45 ] }
all of the a- and b-pattern proteinases were most active at acid ph in the presence of dithiothreitol and were inhibited by various agents such as trans-epoxysuccinyl-l-leucylamido- ( 4-guanidino ) butane ( e64 ) , leupeptin and chymostatin , which inactivate cysteine proteinases .
NA
{ "id": "C0030940", "name": "proteinases", "pos": [ 28, 39 ] }
{ "id": "C2717970", "name": "cysteine proteinases", "pos": [ 260, 280 ] }
after the d. discoideum cells had been lysed , no equivalent change in proteinase band pattern could be produced either by prolonged incubation of cell extracts or by treatment with proteinases .
NA
{ "id": "C0030946", "name": "proteinase", "pos": [ 71, 81 ] }
{ "id": "C0030940", "name": "proteinases", "pos": [ 182, 193 ] }
much of the choline accumulated by the mammary gland ( in the presence of endogenous concentrations of choline ) remained in the form of choline ( 50 +/- 1.2 % ) , phosphatidylcholine ( 12 +/- 2.3 % ) , lysophosphatidylcholine ( 0.1 +/- 0.03 % ) , betaine ( 7 +/- 0.3 % and phosphocholine ( 6 +/- 0.5 % ) .
NA
{ "id": "C0008405", "name": "choline", "pos": [ 12, 19 ] }
{ "id": "C0031716", "name": "phosphocholine", "pos": [ 274, 288 ] }
addition of either spermidine or spermine to the cells treated with the adometdc inhibitors led to a decrease in odc activity , indicating that either polyamine can bring about this effect , but spermidine produced effects at concentrations similar to those found in the control cells and appears to be the physiologically important regulator .
NA
{ "id": "C0037874", "name": "cells", "pos": [ 49, 54 ] }
{ "id": "C0037871", "name": "effects", "pos": [ 215, 222 ] }
an initial decrease in odc activity at 2 h was attributed to a transient increase in free intracellular spermidine and spermine brought about through their displacement by the analogue .
NA
{ "id": "C0037871", "name": "free", "pos": [ 85, 89 ] }
{ "id": "C0037874", "name": "spermine", "pos": [ 119, 127 ] }
these results are consistent with the previous observation in htc cells that the decay rate of odc activity in the presence of cycloheximide correlated well with the proportion of odc present as a complex with antizyme , suggesting the ubiquitous role of antizyme in odc degradation .
NA
{ "id": "C0029282", "name": "odc", "pos": [ 95, 98 ] }
{ "id": "C0007054", "name": "odc", "pos": [ 267, 270 ] }
ca2+ ( 10 microm ) , cyclic amp ( 100 microm ) and a protein kinase c-activating phorbol ester , phorbol 13-myristate 12-acetate ( pma ; 100 nm ) produced marked changes in the phosphorylation state of a number of proteins in permeabilized islets after incubation for 1 min at 37 degrees c .
NA
{ "id": "C0031586", "name": "phorbol", "pos": [ 81, 88 ] }
{ "id": "C0039654", "name": "pma", "pos": [ 131, 134 ] }
we also evaluated the effect of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from staphylococcus aureus : [ 3h ] palmitate-labelled proteins of schistosomula and surface-iodinated proteins were resistant to hydrolysis with this enzyme .
NA
{ "id": "C0033684", "name": "proteins", "pos": [ 133, 141 ] }
{ "id": "C0025252", "name": "surface", "pos": [ 163, 170 ] }
the activities of the mitochondrial fad-dependent straight-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenases ( butyryl-coa , octanoyl-coa and palmitoyl-coa ) and the branched-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenases ( isovaleryl-coa and isobutyryl-coa ) involved in the degradation of branched-chain acyl-coa esters derived from branched-chain amino acids were assayed in liver mitochondrial extracts prepared in the absence and presence of exogenous fad .
NA
{ "id": "C0030239", "name": "palmitoyl-coa", "pos": [ 122, 135 ] }
{ "id": "C0001374", "name": "acyl-coa", "pos": [ 269, 277 ] }
increased [ me-14c ] choline incorporation into pc was paralleled by an accelerated disappearance of the radiolabel from choline phosphate , which is consistent with an activation of ctp : choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase .
NA
{ "id": "C0008405", "name": "choline", "pos": [ 21, 28 ] }
{ "id": "C0031716", "name": "choline", "pos": [ 189, 196 ] }
effect of oversulphated chondroitin and dermatan sulphate upon thrombin and factor xa inactivation by antithrombin iii or heparin cofactor ii .
NA
{ "id": "C0008454", "name": "chondroitin", "pos": [ 24, 35 ] }
{ "id": "C0011602", "name": "dermatan sulphate", "pos": [ 40, 57 ] }
the kinetics of inhibition of human thrombin and factor xa by antithrombin iii or heparin cofactor ii were examined under pseudo-first-order conditions as a function of the concentration of naturally occurring oversulphated chondroitin and dermatan sulphates .
NA
{ "id": "C0008454", "name": "chondroitin", "pos": [ 224, 235 ] }
{ "id": "C0011602", "name": "dermatan sulphates", "pos": [ 240, 258 ] }
the effect of the complete mixture could be reproduced by a mixture of essential amino acids or of branched-chain amino acids , but not by a non-essential mixture , alanine , methionine or glutamine .
NA
{ "id": "C0002525", "name": "essential amino acids", "pos": [ 71, 92 ] }
{ "id": "C0025646", "name": "methionine", "pos": [ 175, 185 ] }
our results indicate that metalloproteinase-mediated gbm degradation by neutrophils and glomeruli may be attributable to gelatinase ( neutrophils ) and/or stromelysin ( glomeruli ) and suggest an important role for these proteinases in glomerular pathophysiology .
NA
{ "id": "C0025543", "name": "metalloproteinase", "pos": [ 26, 43 ] }
{ "id": "C0030940", "name": "proteinases", "pos": [ 221, 232 ] }
methanol , ethanol and isopropanol were tested for the ability to change effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons on the alanine aminotransferase ( alat = gpt ; ec 2.6.1.2 . )
NA
{ "id": "C0001963", "name": "methanol", "pos": [ 0, 8 ] }
{ "id": "C0001962", "name": "ethanol", "pos": [ 11, 18 ] }
methanol , ethanol and isopropanol were tested for the ability to change effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons on the alanine aminotransferase ( alat = gpt ; ec 2.6.1.2 . )
NA
{ "id": "C0001962", "name": "ethanol", "pos": [ 1, 8 ] }
{ "id": "C0022237", "name": "isopropanol", "pos": [ 23, 34 ] }
after additional i.p . administration of chloroform we found a significant increase of alat activities in the order : isopropanol greater than or equal to methanol greater than ethanol , both after single and repeated application of the alcohols .
NA
{ "id": "C0022237", "name": "isopropanol", "pos": [ 118, 129 ] }
{ "id": "C0001962", "name": "ethanol", "pos": [ 177, 184 ] }
after additional i.p . administration of chloroform we found a significant increase of alat activities in the order : isopropanol greater than or equal to methanol greater than ethanol , both after single and repeated application of the alcohols .
NA
{ "id": "C0001963", "name": "methanol", "pos": [ 155, 163 ] }
{ "id": "C0001962", "name": "ethanol", "pos": [ 177, 184 ] }
based on these data it seems likely that this approach will result in human mabs capable of viral neutralization and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity .
NA
{ "id": "C0003250", "name": "mabs", "pos": [ 76, 80 ] }
{ "id": "C0003241", "name": "antibody", "pos": [ 117, 125 ] }
this portion of b-36 is rich in glycine , phenylalanine and the modified amino acid asymmetrical dimethylarginine ( dma ) and is 65 % identical to that for fibrillarin , a similar and potentially homologous 34 kd nucleolar protein from rat .
NA
{ "id": "C0017890", "name": "glycine", "pos": [ 32, 39 ] }
{ "id": "C0002520", "name": "amino acid", "pos": [ 73, 83 ] }
however , when lps from sm r345 treated galactosidase , sm r5 and sm r7 and lipid a from sm r595 were administered , the survival rate was much higher and no histological changes of the liver such as necrosis could be seen in any of the mice .
NA
{ "id": "C0023810", "name": "lps", "pos": [ 15, 18 ] }
{ "id": "C0023767", "name": "lipid a", "pos": [ 76, 83 ] }
since oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids to hydroperoxides is the first event in lipid peroxidation , activation of pkc by hydroperoxy fatty acids may be an early cellular response to oxidative stress .
NA
{ "id": "C0015690", "name": "unsaturated fatty acids", "pos": [ 19, 42 ] }
{ "id": "C0015684", "name": "fatty acids", "pos": [ 137, 148 ] }
( zucchini ) seedlings contains specific high-affinity binding sites for the non-hydrolyzable gtp analog guanosine 5'- [ gamma-thio ] triphosphate ( gtp-gamma-s ) .
NA
{ "id": "C0018353", "name": "gtp", "pos": [ 94, 97 ] }
{ "id": "C0079469", "name": "gtp-gamma-s", "pos": [ 149, 160 ] }
three growth hormone- and two prolactin-related novel peptides of mr 13,000-18,000 identified in the anterior pituitary .
NA
{ "id": "C0037663", "name": "growth hormone", "pos": [ 6, 20 ] }
{ "id": "C0032016", "name": "anterior pituitary", "pos": [ 101, 119 ] }
electrophoretic analysis of murine anterior pituitary extract revealed five major proteins of mr 13,000-18,000 ( designated p13 , p14 , p16 , p17 , and p18 according to mr ) , three of which , p16 , p17 , and p18 , were markedly influenced by estradiol benzoate and perphenazine in a manner similar to that of growth hormone , and two , p13 and p14 , to that of prolactin .
NA
{ "id": "C0032016", "name": "anterior pituitary", "pos": [ 35, 53 ] }
{ "id": "C0037663", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 310, 316 ] }
growth hormone-dependent insulin-like growth factor ( igf ) binding protein both inhibits and potentiates igf-i-stimulated dna synthesis in human skin fibroblasts .
NA
{ "id": "C0037657", "name": "insulin-like growth factor", "pos": [ 25, 51 ] }
{ "id": "C0021665", "name": "igf-i", "pos": [ 106, 111 ] }
co-incubation of igf-i with increasing concentrations of pure bp-53 caused dose-dependent inhibition of igf-i-stimulated thymidine incorporation , which was complete when igf-i and bp-53 were equimolar .
NA
{ "id": "C0037657", "name": "igf", "pos": [ 17, 20 ] }
{ "id": "C0021665", "name": "igf-i", "pos": [ 171, 176 ] }
in the soluble fraction of normal fibroblasts camp clearly enhances the in vitro phosphorylation of proteins of mw 37,49,54,56,68,83 kd while retinoic acid treatment of the same cells results in a decrease of the camp dependent phosphorylation of the first five of the same proteins .
NA
{ "id": "C0016030", "name": "fibroblasts", "pos": [ 34, 45 ] }
{ "id": "C0007634", "name": "cells", "pos": [ 178, 183 ] }
protein p19 , the precursor family of protein x , was analyzed by its carbohydrate content which seemed to play an important role in protein solubility at ph 8.0 .
NA
{ "id": "C0033665", "name": "precursor", "pos": [ 18, 27 ] }
{ "id": "C0033684", "name": "protein", "pos": [ 133, 140 ] }
we show that these antisera detect the beta app by demonstrating that they ( i ) label a set of approximately 120 kda membrane-associated proteins in human brain previously detected by antisera to the carboxyl-terminus of beta app and ( ii ) label a set of approximately 120 kda membrane-associated proteins that are selectively overexpressed in cells transfected with a full length beta app expression construct .
NA
{ "id": "C0085151", "name": "beta app", "pos": [ 39, 47 ] }
{ "id": "C0025252", "name": "membrane-associated proteins", "pos": [ 279, 307 ] }
il1/etaf activity and undetectable il1 beta mrna and minimal il1 alpha mrna levels in normal adult heat-separated epidermis .
NA
{ "id": "C0021755", "name": "il1", "pos": [ 0, 3 ] }
{ "id": "C0600251", "name": "il1 alpha", "pos": [ 61, 70 ] }
epidermal il1-like activity , also known as epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor ( etaf ) , is associated with whole skin , epidermis , langerhans cells and cultured keratinocytes and keratinocyte cell lines .
NA
{ "id": "C0007634", "name": "cell", "pos": [ 54, 58 ] }
{ "id": "C0022567", "name": "cell lines", "pos": [ 203, 213 ] }
mnl containing fg-binding monocytes had not been exposed to endotoxin ( less than 4 pg/ml ) during the isolation and the binding test , and fg binding was not altered by preincubation of mnl with lipopolysaccharide .
NA
{ "id": "C0014264", "name": "endotoxin", "pos": [ 60, 69 ] }
{ "id": "C0023810", "name": "lipopolysaccharide", "pos": [ 196, 214 ] }
to investigate the response to catecholamine stimulation of adult cardiac myocytes and the metabolism of inositol ( 1,4,5 ) -trisphosphate ( 1,4,5-ip3 ) and inositol ( 1,3,4,5 ) -tetrakisphosphate ( ip4 ) , we have employed a procedure developed in our laboratory to directly measure the mass of inositol phosphates after separation of individual isomers of inositol phosphates by high performance liquid chromatography .
NA
{ "id": "C0021549", "name": "ip3", "pos": [ 147, 150 ] }
{ "id": "C0021554", "name": "inositol phosphates", "pos": [ 358, 377 ] }
to investigate the response to catecholamine stimulation of adult cardiac myocytes and the metabolism of inositol ( 1,4,5 ) -trisphosphate ( 1,4,5-ip3 ) and inositol ( 1,3,4,5 ) -tetrakisphosphate ( ip4 ) , we have employed a procedure developed in our laboratory to directly measure the mass of inositol phosphates after separation of individual isomers of inositol phosphates by high performance liquid chromatography .
NA
{ "id": "C0021547", "name": "inositol", "pos": [ 105, 113 ] }
{ "id": "C0021554", "name": "inositol phosphates", "pos": [ 358, 377 ] }
these results indicate a rapid yet transient increase in 1,4,5-ip3 and ip4 in response to norepinephrine stimulation and are the first quantitative measurements of the isomers of inositol phosphates in cardiac tissue .
NA
{ "id": "C0021549", "name": "ip3", "pos": [ 63, 66 ] }
{ "id": "C0021554", "name": "inositol phosphates", "pos": [ 179, 198 ] }
excision repair in xeroderma pigmentosum group c cells is regulated differently in transformed cells and primary fibroblasts .
NA
{ "id": "C0007634", "name": "cells", "pos": [ 49, 54 ] }
{ "id": "C0016030", "name": "fibroblasts", "pos": [ 113, 124 ] }
the distribution of sites that can be mended in group c cells , therefore , varies according to the transformed and proliferative state of the cells , demonstrating that transformed cells do not always exhibit repair characteristics identical to those of primary fibroblasts .
NA
{ "id": "C0007634", "name": "cells", "pos": [ 56, 61 ] }
{ "id": "C0016030", "name": "fibroblasts", "pos": [ 263, 274 ] }
purification of this isozyme by use of two different monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatographies demonstrates a single protein band on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicating that this enzyme is not formed as a heterodimer .
NA
{ "id": "C0022173", "name": "isozyme", "pos": [ 21, 28 ] }
{ "id": "C0014442", "name": "enzyme", "pos": [ 203, 209 ] }
furthermore , this isozyme is neuraminidase sensitive and comparatively heat stable , properties also characteristic for the placental enzyme .
NA
{ "id": "C0022173", "name": "isozyme", "pos": [ 19, 26 ] }
{ "id": "C0014442", "name": "enzyme", "pos": [ 135, 141 ] }
these results suggest that apolipoprotein b-100 is the major form of apolipoprotein b secreted by human intestinal cells .
NA
{ "id": "C0205666", "name": "apolipoprotein b-100", "pos": [ 27, 47 ] }
{ "id": "C0003593", "name": "apolipoprotein b", "pos": [ 69, 85 ] }
a 110-kda protein from liver nuclei bound specifically to the most upstream fragment ( between approximately equal to -7.3 kbp and -2.0 kbp from the cap site ) of the cloned albumin genomic dna , whereas no proteins from kidney and brain bound to this fragment .
NA
{ "id": "C0001924", "name": "albumin", "pos": [ 174, 181 ] }
{ "id": "C0033684", "name": "proteins", "pos": [ 207, 215 ] }
it is possible that the 110-kda protein is concerned with the tissue-specific expression of the albumin gene .
NA
{ "id": "C0033684", "name": "protein", "pos": [ 32, 39 ] }
{ "id": "C0001924", "name": "albumin", "pos": [ 96, 103 ] }
however , neither the phorbol ester tumour promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or thrombin stimulated 32pi incorporation into pc .
NA
{ "id": "C0031586", "name": "phorbol ester", "pos": [ 22, 35 ] }
{ "id": "C0039654", "name": "12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate", "pos": [ 52, 88 ] }
in wheat grains diazepam , n-desmethyldiazepam , delorazepam , deschloro-diazepam , delormetazepam , lormetazepam and isodiazepam were identified , while potato tuber contained diazepam , n-desmethyldiazepam , delorazepam , lorazepam and delormetazepam .
NA
{ "id": "C0012010", "name": "diazepam", "pos": [ 16, 24 ] }
{ "id": "C0011279", "name": "desmethyldiazepam", "pos": [ 190, 207 ] }
the marine natural product manoalide ( mld ) , a potent inhibitor of phospholipases , completely inactivates bee venom phospholipase a2 ( pla2 ) by an irreversible mechanism .
NA
{ "id": "C0031672", "name": "a", "pos": [ 5, 6 ] }
{ "id": "C0031667", "name": "phospholipase a2", "pos": [ 119, 135 ] }
in the present study , we compare the different molecular forms of cardiac ( rat heart ventricle ) and vascular ( bovine aorta ) phosphodiesterase isolated from crude extracts prepared either in sucrose medium or in hypotonic medium ( in the presence of protease inhibitors and ion chelators ) using two different fractionation procedures : isoelectric focusing on flat gel bed and deae-trisacryl anion exchange chromatography .
NA
{ "id": "C0022023", "name": "ion", "pos": [ 278, 281 ] }
{ "id": "C0003075", "name": "anion", "pos": [ 397, 402 ] }
a dihydropyridine-affinity column was prepared by coupling a physiologically active and vasoselective amino-derivative of felodipine to divinylsulfone-activated trisacryl gf2000 .
NA
{ "id": "C0012315", "name": "dihydropyridine", "pos": [ 2, 17 ] }
{ "id": "C0015772", "name": "felodipine", "pos": [ 122, 132 ] }
as the antibody preparation is able to bind to isoenzymes c and d in their native conformations , either as partially purified enzymes , or in microsomes , it is suggested that this region is present on the surface of these cytochromes p-450 .
NA
{ "id": "C0022173", "name": "isoenzymes", "pos": [ 47, 57 ] }
{ "id": "C0014442", "name": "enzymes", "pos": [ 127, 134 ] }
livers , and also kidneys in the case of pigmented guinea pigs , were removed and total glutathione ( gsh + gssg ) measured .
NA
{ "id": "C0017817", "name": "gsh", "pos": [ 102, 105 ] }
{ "id": "C0061516", "name": "gssg", "pos": [ 108, 112 ] }
we report here that recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha , tumor necrosis factor beta ( lymphotoxin ) , interleukin-1 alpha , and interleukin-1 beta stimulate the hyaluronic acid ( ha ) levels of human synovial fibroblast-like cells .
NA
{ "id": "C0016030", "name": "fibroblast", "pos": [ 220, 230 ] }
{ "id": "C0007634", "name": "cells", "pos": [ 236, 241 ] }