text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
the effect of chlorpromazine ( 0.5 and 4 mg/kg ) on plasma catecholamines ( adrenaline and noradrenaline ) concentrations was investigated in rats . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
76,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
91,
104
]
} |
after an i.v . bolus administration of chlorpromazine , plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations showed a dose dependent increase . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
63,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
78,
91
]
} |
in order to clarify the pharmacokinetics of catecholamines in plasma , i.v . infusion of adrenaline or noradrenaline was also carried out . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
89,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
103,
116
]
} |
the results indicated that the time courses of plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations after an i.v . administration of chlorpromazine were described reasonably well by a simple pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
54,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
69,
82
]
} |
after i.v . bolus administration of chlorpromazine ( 0.5 , 2 , 4 mg/kg ) , the time courses of plasma glucose , insulin , adrenaline and noradrenaline levels as well as serum and brain concentrations of the drug were determined . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
122,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
137,
150
]
} |
since the hyperglycemic effect of chlorpromazine is known to be attributable to the endogenously released catecholamines , the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the plasma glucose and insulin regulation system were also determined . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
138,
148
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
153,
166
]
} |
plasma levels of pyridostigmine were determined in the rat after intramuscular administration ( 0.056 mg/kg ) of pyridostigmine bromide . | NA | {
"id": "C0034261",
"name": "pyridostigmine",
"pos": [
17,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0034262",
"name": "pyridostigmine bromide",
"pos": [
113,
135
]
} |
the results were as follows : apparent volume of distribution = 1.97 l/kg , absorption rate constant = 0.277 min-1 , elimination rate constant = 0.0273 min-1 , area under the curve = 1010 ng x min/ml , absorption rate half-life = 2.41 min , elimination rate half-life = 24.8 min , maximal plasma concentration ( cmax ) = 21.3 ng/ml and time to cmax = 9.02 min . | NA | {
"id": "C0000854",
"name": "absorption",
"pos": [
76,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C1373172",
"name": "absorption",
"pos": [
202,
212
]
} |
studies with nifedipine and verapamil demonstrated that the latter binds to a site allosterically linked to the 1,4-dihydropyridine binding sites in spinal cord . | NA | {
"id": "C0028066",
"name": "nifedipine",
"pos": [
13,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0012315",
"name": "dihydropyridine",
"pos": [
116,
131
]
} |
the hydrolysis was determined by incorporation of [ 3h ] inositol into pis and the release of [ 3h ] inositol phosphates in the presence and absence of 1 mm carbachol . | NA | {
"id": "C0021547",
"name": "inositol",
"pos": [
57,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0021554",
"name": "inositol phosphates",
"pos": [
101,
120
]
} |
to examine this possibility , changes in intracellular ca++ were monitored in rat aortic strips using the ca++-dependent conversion of phosphorylase b to a , while ca++ levels and phosphorylase were measured in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0031711",
"name": "phosphorylase b",
"pos": [
135,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C0017916",
"name": "phosphorylase",
"pos": [
180,
193
]
} |
although the insulin-increased camp pde exhibits the same sensitivity as control pde from untreated preparations to isobutylmethyl xanthine , a nonspecific pde inhibitor , and m & b 22,948 , a relatively selective cyclic gmp pde inhibitor , differences in the degree of inhibition of pde activity are seen in the insulin-treated and untreated preparations with the low km camp pde inhibitors ro20-1724 , rolipram , amrinone and milrinone and with cyclic gmp . | NA | {
"id": "C0002697",
"name": "amrinone",
"pos": [
415,
423
]
} | {
"id": "C0128513",
"name": "milrinone",
"pos": [
428,
437
]
} |
to characterize further the pharmacology of sk & f 104078 we have examined its effects in several additional alpha-2 adrenoceptor models and on several non alpha adrenoceptor-mediated vascular responses . | NA | {
"id": "C0001639",
"name": "alpha-2",
"pos": [
109,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0034784",
"name": "alpha adrenoceptor",
"pos": [
156,
174
]
} |
the binding of [ 3h ] -d-ala2mephe4glyol enkephalin ( 3h-dago ) to mu opioid sites was increased in many brain regions after chronic administration ( 7 days ) of a low dose of naloxone ( 0.5 mg/kg/hr ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
41,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0525773",
"name": "dago",
"pos": [
57,
61
]
} |
the distribution of binding sites for the a1 selective agonist , n6- [ 3h ] - [ ( r ) -1-methyl-2-phenylethyl ] adenosine ( r- [ 3h ] pia ) , was similar to the distribution of binding sites for [ 3h ] -5'-n-ethylcarboxamide adenosine [ ( 3h ] neca ) , an agonist that binds to a1 and a2 receptors with nearly equal affinities . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
112,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0050789",
"name": "neca",
"pos": [
244,
248
]
} |
when the a1-selective agonist , n6- ( cyclopentyl ) adenosine , was used to block [ 3h ] neca binding to a1 receptors , the autoradiograms demonstrated a band of a2 receptor density which tended to be localized in the ventral portion of the substantia gelatinosa . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
52,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0050789",
"name": "neca",
"pos": [
89,
93
]
} |
poorly metabolized hexoses , such as 3-o-methyl-d-glucose , 2-deoxy-d-glucose and d-galactose failed to reproduce the inhibition of 86rb outflow , the early inhibition and secondary rise in 45ca efflux and the stimulation of insulin release evoked by d-glucose in perifused rat islets . | NA | {
"id": "C0019494",
"name": "hexoses",
"pos": [
19,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0016945",
"name": "galactose",
"pos": [
84,
93
]
} |
hiv infection in general and aids in particular , present a major challenge for the health services worldwide . | NA | {
"id": "C0019693",
"name": "hiv infection",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0001175",
"name": "aids",
"pos": [
29,
33
]
} |
the steroids measured were pregnenolone , progesterone , 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone , 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone , androstenedione , 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone , dehydroepiandrosterone , testosterone , oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta . | NA | {
"id": "C0033308",
"name": "progesterone",
"pos": [
42,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0012311",
"name": "20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone",
"pos": [
57,
85
]
} |
in contrast , the magnitude of decline in the levels of 3 progestagens , i.e . pregnenolone , progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone , was much less than that for androgens and oestrogens , while the concentration of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone was actually elevated in the ovulatory follicles . | NA | {
"id": "C0033308",
"name": "progesterone",
"pos": [
94,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0012311",
"name": "20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone",
"pos": [
224,
252
]
} |
tubular aggregates are distinctly rare in polymyositis although seen in a variety of other muscle disorders including myopathies associated with muscle cramping . | NA | {
"id": "C0026848",
"name": "myopathies",
"pos": [
118,
128
]
} | {
"id": "C0026821",
"name": "muscle cramping",
"pos": [
145,
160
]
} |
synthetic analogues of l-leucinethiol ( 4 ) , a strong inhibitor of aminopeptidases , were prepared in which the carbon alpha to the thiol groups was substituted with methyl , methyl carboxylate , and carboxamide derivatives and found to be much weaker inhibitors of all aminopeptidases . | NA | {
"id": "C0052527",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
10,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0002570",
"name": "aminopeptidases",
"pos": [
271,
286
]
} |
three distinct mitogenic agents were used in the co-cultures : the mitogenic lectin pha , the anti-cd3 monoclonal antibody okt3 , and 12-0-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate ( tpa ) , a direct activator of protein kinase c . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lectin",
"pos": [
77,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
196,
203
]
} |
the adenine nucleotide profiles ( amp , atp , nad and nadh2 ) of peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia ( cvh ) were similar to those in control cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0001413",
"name": "adenine nucleotide",
"pos": [
4,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0027270",
"name": "nad",
"pos": [
54,
57
]
} |
ion modulation of membrane permeability : effect of cations on intact cells and on cells and phospholipid bilayers treated with pore-forming agents . | NA | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ion",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0007447",
"name": "cations",
"pos": [
52,
59
]
} |
a membrane protein that is immunochemically similar to the red cell anion exchange protein , band 3 , has been identified on the basolateral face of the outer medullary collecting duct ( mcd ) cells in rabbit kidney . | NA | {
"id": "C0025252",
"name": "membrane protein",
"pos": [
2,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
83,
90
]
} |
however , the large magnitude of the stimulation , the more pronounced effect on smaller ions , and the acceleration of both anions and cations suggest membrane dielectric constant change as the primary basis of alcohol effects . | NA | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ions",
"pos": [
89,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anions",
"pos": [
125,
131
]
} |
however , the large magnitude of the stimulation , the more pronounced effect on smaller ions , and the acceleration of both anions and cations suggest membrane dielectric constant change as the primary basis of alcohol effects . | NA | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ions",
"pos": [
89,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0007447",
"name": "cations",
"pos": [
136,
143
]
} |
gene product of moloney murine leukemia virus required for proviral integration is a dna-binding protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "gene product",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0012940",
"name": "dna-binding protein",
"pos": [
85,
104
]
} |
overproduced trna ( m1g37 ) methyltransferase and 21,000 mr protein were as stable as e. coli total protein , whereas the two ribosomal proteins were degraded to a large extent . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
60,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0035552",
"name": "ribosomal proteins",
"pos": [
126,
144
]
} |
we propose that ribosomal protein operons that do not encode proteins that bind directly to rrna are not under autogenous control . | NA | {
"id": "C0035552",
"name": "ribosomal",
"pos": [
16,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
61,
69
]
} |
the product of the escherichia coli papd gene is a periplasmic transport protein that forms complexes with pilus subunits , thereby stabilizing them as they cross the periplasmic space to the site of pilus assembly . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "product",
"pos": [
4,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0007292",
"name": "transport protein",
"pos": [
63,
80
]
} |
although both glutathione reductase ( gssg-r ) and peroxidase ( gsh-px ) activities per lung were elevated in lungs immediately following exposure and 4 d later , when corrected for dna only gsh-px activity was significantly increased by 29 % in lungs after the postexposure period . | NA | {
"id": "C0061516",
"name": "gssg",
"pos": [
38,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0017817",
"name": "gsh",
"pos": [
191,
194
]
} |
the cellular outgrowth contained fibroblasts , schwann cells , and a population of cells with many phenotypic characteristics of macrophages , including the production of apolipoprotein e . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
83,
88
]
} |
there were 12 open fractures ( 28 % ) , 66 % of the closed fractures underwent bwiin within the first 24 hours of injury , and 33 fractures ( 77 % ) had comminution of winquist-hansen type ii or greater , and either static or dynamic locking techniques were used in 38 ( 88 % ) of the cases . | NA | {
"id": "C0016658",
"name": "fractures",
"pos": [
19,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0476171",
"name": "comminution",
"pos": [
153,
164
]
} |
a mixed alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist ( phentolamine ) and an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist ( yohimbine ) prevented dopamine from evoking rumination , but a dopaminergic antagonist ( metoclopramide ) did not . | NA | {
"id": "C0034784",
"name": "alpha-adrenoreceptor",
"pos": [
8,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0001639",
"name": "alpha 2-adrenoreceptor",
"pos": [
64,
86
]
} |
a mixed alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist ( phentolamine ) and an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist ( yohimbine ) prevented dopamine from evoking rumination , but a dopaminergic antagonist ( metoclopramide ) did not . | NA | {
"id": "C0013030",
"name": "dopamine",
"pos": [
122,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0282151",
"name": "dopaminergic",
"pos": [
163,
175
]
} |
dopamine ( 1 microgram/kg/min ) infused into the carotid artery reduced the frequency of reticular contractions by acting upon a centrally located dopaminergic receptor mechanism sensitive to metoclopramide but not to phentolamine . | NA | {
"id": "C0013030",
"name": "dopamine",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0282151",
"name": "dopaminergic",
"pos": [
147,
159
]
} |
the 5 ' untranslated region of poliovirus type 2 lansing rna consists of 744 nucleotides containing seven aug codons which are followed by in-frame termination codons , thus forming short open reading frames ( orfs ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0009221",
"name": "codons",
"pos": [
110,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0242611",
"name": "termination codons",
"pos": [
148,
166
]
} |
human embryonic fibroblasts with a large deletion ( 11p11.11p15.1 ) in the short arm of one chromosome 11 ( del-11 cells ) appeared to be susceptible to transformation by early human papillomavirus type 16 ( hpv-16 ) dna , whereas diploid human embryonic fibroblasts were not . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
115,
120
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
255,
266
]
} |
thus , antibody mediated protection against this neurally spreading virus does not require neutralizing antibody or serum complement and occurs even in the face of established cns infection . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
7,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0475463",
"name": "neutralizing antibody",
"pos": [
91,
112
]
} |
three of the monoclonal antibodies were found to inhibit this interaction , whereas the other antibodies were found to be ineffective at blocking binding . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibodies",
"pos": [
13,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
94,
104
]
} |
taken together , these results indicate that ( i ) the tetrapeptide is capable of eliciting specific antibody when coupled to a carrier , ( ii ) this tetrapeptide possesses all of the antigenic information necessary to occupy the paratope of a monoclonal antibody elicited by the longer parent peptide , and ( iii ) the decapeptide contains all of the information necessary to elicit a specific immune response and therefore carries an epitope recognized by t cells as well as one recognized by b cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigenic",
"pos": [
184,
193
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitope",
"pos": [
436,
443
]
} |
gilbert , cell 40:537-546 , 1985 ) which truncated the trans-activator by half did not alter the transforming activity or the replication of the virus in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
10,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
177,
188
]
} |
the efficacies of standard heparin ( sh ) , low molecular weight heparin ( lmwh ) , and a mixture of sulfated glycosaminoglycans ( org 10172 ) were investigated with respect to their inhibitory effects on intimal thickening after endothelial injury in the common carotid artery of the rat . | NA | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "heparin",
"pos": [
27,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0019139",
"name": "low molecular weight heparin",
"pos": [
44,
72
]
} |
the effects of lmwh and org 10172 were similar to that of sh at doses of 50 anti-xa u/kg/hr , but these agents had only about 40 % inhibition at doses of 15 anti-xa u/kg/hr . | NA | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "sh",
"pos": [
58,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0019139",
"name": "anti-xa",
"pos": [
157,
164
]
} |
it is concluded that sh , lmwh , and org 10172 have significant inhibitory effects of intimal thickening after injury even at nonanticoagulant levels , with sh being the most potent . | NA | {
"id": "C0019139",
"name": "lmwh",
"pos": [
26,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "sh",
"pos": [
157,
159
]
} |
trials testing the effect of infused bcaa must take account of the opposing effect on bcaa concentrations of simultaneous glucose infusion . | NA | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "bcaa",
"pos": [
37,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "bcaa",
"pos": [
86,
90
]
} |
at least 2 lipoxygenase products , namely 5- and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids ( hetes ) , were augmented in myocardium subjected to ischemia lasting more than 6 hours , with levels of the latter being raised much more than the former . | NA | {
"id": "C0044800",
"name": "12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids",
"pos": [
49,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0020349",
"name": "hetes",
"pos": [
84,
89
]
} |
these data suggest that the initial increment in 12-hete may result from it being a product of infarcted myocardium , where ca2+ is accumulated in the cell , and that the increased hetes work as a leukocyte chemoattractant in infarcted myocardium . | NA | {
"id": "C0044800",
"name": "12-hete",
"pos": [
49,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0020349",
"name": "hetes",
"pos": [
181,
186
]
} |
ceramides , cerebrosides and cholesterol sulfate were abundant in the epidermis , the amounts being 8.8-12.0 , 2.8-4.0 and 6.0-6.5 times higher than those in the dermis , respectively , whereas sulfatide was predominantly found in the dermis . | NA | {
"id": "C0007745",
"name": "ceramides",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0007805",
"name": "cerebrosides",
"pos": [
12,
24
]
} |
four and six bands of ceramides , and three and four bands of cerebrosides were detected for the lipids from both the epidermis and dermis on tlc , respectively , two of the ceramides and one of the cerebrosides being found to be esterified . | NA | {
"id": "C0007745",
"name": "ceramides",
"pos": [
22,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0007805",
"name": "cerebrosides",
"pos": [
199,
211
]
} |
cerebrosides in the epidermis were predominantly glucocerebrosides , whereas those in the dermis comprised a mixture of gluco- and galactocerebrosides . | NA | {
"id": "C0007805",
"name": "cerebrosides",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0017770",
"name": "glucocerebrosides",
"pos": [
49,
66
]
} |
cerebrosides in the epidermis were predominantly glucocerebrosides , whereas those in the dermis comprised a mixture of gluco- and galactocerebrosides . | NA | {
"id": "C0007805",
"name": "cerebrosides",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0016960",
"name": "galactocerebrosides",
"pos": [
131,
150
]
} |
quantitative analyses by crossed immunoelectrophoresis were carried out on 31 eyes of 26 cataract patients , age 4-80 years , to detect age changes in the human aqueous humor especially in the following aqueous humor proteins : prealbumin , albumin , alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and transferrin . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
217,
225
]
} | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
241,
248
]
} |
in addition , geraniin itself was unable to reduce gssg to gsh and also unable to inhibit the oxidative reaction of the sulfhydryl group to diamide . | NA | {
"id": "C0061516",
"name": "gssg",
"pos": [
51,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0017817",
"name": "gsh",
"pos": [
59,
62
]
} |
the ph and dose dependencies of topically applied dipivefrine hydrochloride ( dpe ) on intraocular pressure ( iop ) reduction and mydriasis were compared with those of epinephrine bitartrate ( epi ) in normal rabbits . | NA | {
"id": "C0700488",
"name": "dipivefrine hydrochloride",
"pos": [
50,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0058415",
"name": "dpe",
"pos": [
78,
81
]
} |
when similarly injected rats or controls were given antibodies to either mbsa or bsa following injection of antigen , immune complexes were observed in glomeruli by immunofluorescence and em only in mbsa injected rats . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
52,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0003313",
"name": "immune",
"pos": [
118,
124
]
} |
the animals were intravenously injected with increasing doses of proteins over a wide range of net charge and size , including lysozyme , cytochrome c , metallothionein , beta 2-microglobulin , retinol-binding protein , albumin and igg . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
65,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
220,
227
]
} |
the urinary excretion of exogenous proteins injected concomitantly ( human beta 2-microglobulin , retinol-binding protein , albumin and/or egg white lysozyme depending on the experiment ) and of rat beta 2-microglobulin , albumin and igg was determined with specific immunoassays . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
35,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
222,
229
]
} |
cop exerted by these non-albumin proteins partially offset the reduction in cop attributable to reduced albumin concentration . | NA | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
25,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
33,
41
]
} |
prekallikrein , kallikrein inhibition , beta-factor xiia inhibition , c1-esterase inhibitor , c1q , c3 , atiii , hmw-kininogen , fibrinogen and factor xii were determined . | NA | {
"id": "C0033024",
"name": "prekallikrein",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0022478",
"name": "kallikrein",
"pos": [
16,
26
]
} |
prekallikrein , kallikrein inhibition , beta-factor xiia inhibition , c1-esterase inhibitor , c1q , c3 , atiii , hmw-kininogen , fibrinogen and factor xii were determined . | NA | {
"id": "C0015527",
"name": "factor",
"pos": [
45,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0015525",
"name": "factor xii",
"pos": [
144,
154
]
} |
bolus injection of the contrast medium caused an activation of the kallikrein-kinin system ( p less than 0.05 ) with reduction of prekallikrein , kallikrein-inhibition , beta-factor xiia inhibition and c1-esterase inhibitor . | NA | {
"id": "C0033024",
"name": "prekallikrein",
"pos": [
130,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0022478",
"name": "kallikrein",
"pos": [
146,
156
]
} |
consequently an extension of the mere albumin assay including a macromolecular ( e.g . transferrin ) and a micromolecular ( e.g . alpha-1-microglobulin ) protein seems meaningful . | NA | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
38,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
154,
161
]
} |
the purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether nicotine causes an induction or alteration of rat liver microsomal monooxygenases ( cytochromes p-450 ) involved in the metabolism and activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . | NA | {
"id": "C0003927",
"name": "microsomal monooxygenases",
"pos": [
122,
147
]
} | {
"id": "C0010762",
"name": "cytochromes p-450",
"pos": [
150,
167
]
} |
in untreated dogs ( n = 7 ) under pentobarbital anesthesia ( with adrenal hormone release measured directly by cannulation of the adrenolumbar veins ) cumulative nicotine infusions ( 1-24 micrograms/kg/min i.v . ) caused dose-dependent release of epinephrine ( from 3.0 +/- 0.7 to 111 +/- 30 micrograms/kg/min ) and norepinephrine ( from 0.4 +/- 0.1 to 11.2 +/- 3.1 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
247,
258
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
316,
330
]
} |
in mnu-induced autochthonous mammary carcinoma , a solid hormone-dependent tumor , the combination of hecnu and nicotine yielded greater tumor inhibition than hecnu alone . | NA | {
"id": "C0027661",
"name": "hormone-dependent tumor",
"pos": [
57,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0027651",
"name": "tumor",
"pos": [
137,
142
]
} |
since chronic treatment with adrenaline did not exert such an effect , the action of nicotine may , rather , be attributed to increases in endogenous noradrenaline . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
29,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
150,
163
]
} |
in a screening investigation in 1982 , which included medical history , clinical examination , general laboratory investigation , and quantification of lipids , lipoproteins , and apoproteins a1 and b , 5020 male subjects aged 40 to 59 years took part . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipids",
"pos": [
152,
158
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
161,
173
]
} |
an extensive investigation of plasma lipoproteins , including measurement of all major apolipoproteins and lipids in each density class revealed profound sex differences in the distribution and composition of lipoproteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipids",
"pos": [
107,
113
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
209,
221
]
} |
the development of a model of diabetes mellitus using swine offers the potential for new investigations in the study of human diabetic complications . | NA | {
"id": "C0011849",
"name": "diabetes mellitus",
"pos": [
30,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0342257",
"name": "diabetic complications",
"pos": [
126,
148
]
} |
the triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins are chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins ( vldl ) which are produced by the small intestine and liver , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
25,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0008731",
"name": "chylomicrons",
"pos": [
42,
54
]
} |
the triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins are chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins ( vldl ) which are produced by the small intestine and liver , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
25,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0023825",
"name": "very-low-density",
"pos": [
59,
75
]
} |
this explains the significant effect of the apoe gene locus on the variability of plasma lipoprotein concentrations and moreover the implication of apoe alleles in the aetiology of multifactorial forms of hyperlipidaemia e.g . familial type iii hyperlipidaemia ( apoe2 ; arg158 -- -- cys ) and polygenic hypercholesterolaemia ( apoe4 ; cys112 -- -- arg ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003595",
"name": "apoe",
"pos": [
44,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0052198",
"name": "apoe2",
"pos": [
263,
268
]
} |
this explains the significant effect of the apoe gene locus on the variability of plasma lipoprotein concentrations and moreover the implication of apoe alleles in the aetiology of multifactorial forms of hyperlipidaemia e.g . familial type iii hyperlipidaemia ( apoe2 ; arg158 -- -- cys ) and polygenic hypercholesterolaemia ( apoe4 ; cys112 -- -- arg ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003595",
"name": "apoe",
"pos": [
44,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0052201",
"name": "apoe4",
"pos": [
328,
333
]
} |
the present results do not support the hypothesis that retinoblastomas would originate from a common precursor cell of neurons and glia , and show the presence of mainly neuronal features in y79 retinoblastoma cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0018956",
"name": "precursor cell",
"pos": [
101,
115
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
210,
215
]
} |
school personnel should become knowledgeable about human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection and get involved in presenting quality hiv/aids education programs . | NA | {
"id": "C0019693",
"name": "human immunodeficiency virus",
"pos": [
51,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0001175",
"name": "hiv/aids",
"pos": [
137,
145
]
} |
three commercial immunoassays for detection of amphetamines in urine , abuscreen radioimmunoassay ( ria ) , enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique ( emit ) , and the tdx fluorescence polarization immunoassay ( fpia ) , have been investigated for detection of methamphetamine , 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine ( mda ) , 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( mdma ) , and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine ( mde ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0002667",
"name": "amphetamines",
"pos": [
47,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0000379",
"name": "methylenedioxyamphetamine",
"pos": [
282,
307
]
} |
three commercial immunoassays for detection of amphetamines in urine , abuscreen radioimmunoassay ( ria ) , enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique ( emit ) , and the tdx fluorescence polarization immunoassay ( fpia ) , have been investigated for detection of methamphetamine , 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine ( mda ) , 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( mdma ) , and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine ( mde ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0002667",
"name": "amphetamines",
"pos": [
47,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0115471",
"name": "methylenedioxymethamphetamine",
"pos": [
322,
351
]
} |
the children were participants in a longitudinal study of child development in which the number of episodes of otitis media and the duration of each otitis episode were reported prospectively from infancy . | NA | {
"id": "C0029882",
"name": "otitis media",
"pos": [
111,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0029877",
"name": "otitis",
"pos": [
149,
155
]
} |
since phospholipases a play an important role in the regulation of membrane structure and function , the observed activation of phospholipases a1 and a2 may have a physiological significance in the pathogenesis of cellular dysfunction in endotoxin shock . | NA | {
"id": "C0031672",
"name": "phospholipases a",
"pos": [
6,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0031666",
"name": "phospholipases a1",
"pos": [
128,
145
]
} |
since protein digests , in addition to bile salts , are capable of solubilizing lipids , we hypothesized that fat incorporated in the protein-rich matrix of solid food would be less sensitive to bile diversion than fat ingested as an oil or liquid . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipids",
"pos": [
80,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0028908",
"name": "oil",
"pos": [
234,
237
]
} |
at 1 and 6 hours , hearts in all groups functioned well , but the group iii hearts had higher levels of adenosine triphosphate , phosphocreatine , total adenine nucleotides , and glycogen . | NA | {
"id": "C0001480",
"name": "adenosine triphosphate",
"pos": [
104,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C0001413",
"name": "adenine nucleotides",
"pos": [
153,
172
]
} |
the purpose of this report is to indicate that ( 1 ) chronic supraventricular tachycardia can cause ventricular dysfunction , ( 2 ) surgical repair of the tachycardia reverses ventricular dysfunction , and ( 3 ) progressive left ventricular dysfunction is an indication for surgical intervention in the management of chronic supraventricular tachycardia . | NA | {
"id": "C0242973",
"name": "ventricular dysfunction",
"pos": [
100,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0242698",
"name": "left ventricular dysfunction",
"pos": [
224,
252
]
} |
oral administration of magnesium hydroxide to subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus : effects on magnesium and potassium levels and on insulin requirements . | NA | {
"id": "C0024476",
"name": "magnesium hydroxide",
"pos": [
23,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0024467",
"name": "magnesium",
"pos": [
109,
118
]
} |
the findings indicate that administration of magnesium hydroxide is useful to treat muscular magnesium and potassium deficiency in diabetics . | NA | {
"id": "C0024476",
"name": "magnesium hydroxide",
"pos": [
45,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0024467",
"name": "magnesium",
"pos": [
93,
102
]
} |
magnesium stimulated tdr incorporation up to a maximum of 200 % of the control level at concentrations greater than 2.0 mumol mgcl2/ml . | NA | {
"id": "C0024467",
"name": "magnesium",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0024472",
"name": "mgcl2",
"pos": [
126,
131
]
} |
children with all diagnosed at less than 2 years of age have a poor prognosis when compared with older children . | NA | {
"id": "C0008059",
"name": "children",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C1455726",
"name": "older children",
"pos": [
97,
111
]
} |
the 4hfdh/dhfr expression varies quantitatively and qualitatively according to cell types and thus constitutes specific phenotypic patterns for fibroblastic stromal cells , endothelial cells , monocyte-macrophages , and osteoclast-like cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblastic",
"pos": [
144,
156
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
236,
241
]
} |
data on relative safety suggest that chlorpropamide is the most toxic sulfonylurea but glyburide causes dangerous hypoglycemia as often as chlorpropamide . | NA | {
"id": "C0038766",
"name": "sulfonylurea",
"pos": [
70,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0017628",
"name": "glyburide",
"pos": [
87,
96
]
} |
for many patients , good blood glucose control will be achieved by taking tolbutamide or another sulfonylurea 30 minutes before breakfast and the main evening meal . | NA | {
"id": "C0040374",
"name": "tolbutamide",
"pos": [
74,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0038766",
"name": "sulfonylurea",
"pos": [
97,
109
]
} |
the biguanide metformin , which is as safe as glyburide , is of use in treating overweight diabetic patients who do not have cardiovascular , hepatic , or renal dysfunction . | NA | {
"id": "C0005382",
"name": "biguanide",
"pos": [
4,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0025598",
"name": "metformin",
"pos": [
14,
23
]
} |
most lcfa were polyunsaturated and were constituents of the phospholipids , which are typical membrane lipids , and in particular the amino-phospholipids . | NA | {
"id": "C0025249",
"name": "membrane lipids",
"pos": [
94,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0031676",
"name": "phospholipids",
"pos": [
140,
153
]
} |
chylomicrons and plasma lipoproteins were isolated from 2 additional subjects following administration of d3-alpha-t-ac ( 140 or 60 mg ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0008731",
"name": "chylomicrons",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
24,
36
]
} |
comparison of free alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl acetate as sources of vitamin e in rats and humans . | NA | {
"id": "C0969677",
"name": "alpha-tocopherol",
"pos": [
19,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C1999896",
"name": "alpha-tocopheryl acetate",
"pos": [
40,
64
]
} |
comparison of free alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl acetate as sources of vitamin e in rats and humans . | NA | {
"id": "C1999896",
"name": "alpha-tocopheryl acetate",
"pos": [
40,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0042874",
"name": "vitamin e",
"pos": [
79,
88
]
} |
skin-surface lipids from the monkey macaca fascicularis are composed of sterol esters ( 38 % ) , cholesterol ( 4 % ) and two types of wax diesters , identified as type ii ( iia and iib , 17 % and 40 % , respectively ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipids",
"pos": [
13,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0043076",
"name": "wax",
"pos": [
134,
137
]
} |
other human fibroblasts ( normal , transformed and at different population doubling number levels [ pdl ] ) were grown under the same conditions and were found to display triene to tetraene ratios ( 20:3n-9/20:4n-6 ) in total cellular lipids ranging from 0.7 to 4.5 . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
12,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
226,
234
]
} |
the results show that out of 29 antibiotics tested , the 7 most efficient are : rifampicin ( 91.5 p.c . ) , sisomicin ( 91 p.c . ) , gentamicin ( 85.64 p.c . ) , dibekacin ( 85.8 p.c . ) , rifamycin ( 85.71 p.c . ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0035608",
"name": "rifampicin",
"pos": [
80,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0035609",
"name": "rifamycin",
"pos": [
189,
198
]
} |
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