text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
monolayers of glial cells ( astrocytes and schwann cells ) or nonglial cells ( e.g. , fibroblasts ) were prepared and were shown to be greater than 95 % pure as judged by cell type-specific markers . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
86,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell type",
"pos": [
171,
180
]
} |
two types of experiments indicated that factors associated with the astrocyte surface were primarily responsible for the vigorous neurite outgrowth seen on these cells : ( a ) conditioned media from either astrocytes or fibroblasts had no effect on the pattern of outgrowth on fibroblasts and astrocytes , and conditione... | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
220,
231
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell type",
"pos": [
348,
357
]
} |
the mitochondrial dna-binding protein p16 was isolated from rat liver mitochondrial lysates by affinity chromatography on single strand dna agarose and separated from dna in the preparation by alkaline cscl isopycnic gradients . | NA | {
"id": "C0012935",
"name": "single strand dna",
"pos": [
122,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
167,
170
]
} |
incubation of p16 with single strand phi x174 dna , double strand ( rf ) phi x174 dna , or escherichia coli ribosomal rna and subsequent analysis of the nucleic acid species for bound protein indicated a strong preference of p16 for single strand dna and no detectable affinity for rna or double strand dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0035701",
"name": "ribosomal rna",
"pos": [
108,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0035668",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
282,
285
]
} |
ache synthesized in culture cleaved acetylthiocholine to thiocholine , which stochiometrically reduced the colorless indicator dtnb to a highly colored product . | NA | {
"id": "C0001066",
"name": "acetylthiocholine",
"pos": [
36,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0039883",
"name": "thiocholine",
"pos": [
57,
68
]
} |
when randomly proliferating rat 3y1 fibroblasts were treated with sodium butyrate , more than 90 % of their cells were arrested reversibly with a 2c dna content at least 12 h before the g1/s boundary . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
36,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
108,
113
]
} |
mba-1 cells were found to be fibroblasts by their ability to synthesize collagen types i and iii , while the cell line mba-13 shared properties in common with both fibroblasts and endothelial cells ( collagen types i , iii , iv , v ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
44,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
164,
175
]
} |
morphine ( 0.5-1.0 mg/kg ) was used as the prototype opiate , beta-endorphin ( beta-end ; 10-20 micrograms/kg ) and [ d-ala2 , d-leu5 ] enkephalin ( dadle ; 5-20 micrograms/kg ) were used as representatives of eop , and naloxone ( 0.5-2.0 mg/kg ) was used as an opiate receptor blocker . | NA | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
136,
146
]
} | {
"id": "C0205753",
"name": "eop",
"pos": [
210,
213
]
} |
duchenne muscular dystrophy ( dmd ) is an x-linked inherited neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive weakness and severe muscle wasting . | NA | {
"id": "C0013264",
"name": "duchenne muscular dystrophy",
"pos": [
0,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C1138434",
"name": "x-linked inherited",
"pos": [
42,
60
]
} |
as a group , dmd patients had mild glucose intolerance and both fasting and postabsorptive marked hyperinsulinemia ( insulin resistance ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0020459",
"name": "hyperinsulinemia",
"pos": [
98,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0021655",
"name": "insulin resistance",
"pos": [
117,
135
]
} |
two major somatomedin peptides have been isolated from human plasma , somatomedin-c/insulin-like growth factor i ( smc/igf-i ) and insulin-like growth factor ii ( igf-ii ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "somatomedin",
"pos": [
10,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0021665",
"name": "insulin-like growth factor i",
"pos": [
131,
159
]
} |
two major somatomedin peptides have been isolated from human plasma , somatomedin-c/insulin-like growth factor i ( smc/igf-i ) and insulin-like growth factor ii ( igf-ii ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "somatomedin",
"pos": [
10,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0021666",
"name": "igf-ii",
"pos": [
163,
169
]
} |
soluble antibody/3h-double-stranded pm2 dna ( dsdna ) immune complexes were briefly opsonized with complement and then allowed to bind to human erythrocytes ( via complement receptors ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
8,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0003313",
"name": "immune complexes",
"pos": [
54,
70
]
} |
the data suggest that in addition to common sites of interactions between these proteases and c1 ( - ) -inh , there are also points of contact that are specific for each protease . | NA | {
"id": "C0030940",
"name": "proteases",
"pos": [
80,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0030946",
"name": "protease",
"pos": [
170,
178
]
} |
these spicules markedly enhanced the rate of thrombin formation in the presence of purified prothrombinase ( factor xa , factor va , and ca2+ ) and prothrombin , indicating the exposure of a significant fraction of phosphatidylserine ( ps ) in the outer monolayer . | NA | {
"id": "C0015518",
"name": "prothrombinase",
"pos": [
92,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0015520",
"name": "factor xa",
"pos": [
109,
118
]
} |
sn-protoporphyrin is a potent competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase , the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation to bile pigment , and has been successfully utilized to suppress hyperbilirubinemia in a variety of experimental and naturally occurring forms of jaundice in animals and man . | NA | {
"id": "C0020433",
"name": "hyperbilirubinemia",
"pos": [
182,
200
]
} | {
"id": "C0022346",
"name": "jaundice",
"pos": [
263,
271
]
} |
these findings establish clearly that after the administration of sn-protoporphyrin in the whole animal , a functionally active heme pool , the one related to tryptophan pyrrolase , is rapidly increased in liver , confirming that the metalloporphyrin inhibits the degradation of endogenous heme by heme oxygenase . | NA | {
"id": "C0018966",
"name": "heme",
"pos": [
128,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0025541",
"name": "metalloporphyrin",
"pos": [
234,
250
]
} |
although it has been shown that activated factor ix chapel hill , an abnormal factor ix isolated from the plasma of a patient with mild hemophilia b , and normal factor ixa alpha are structurally very similar , the clotting activity of activated factor ix chapel hill is much lower ( approximately fivefold ) than that o... | NA | {
"id": "C0015491",
"name": "factor ix",
"pos": [
42,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0015494",
"name": "factor ixa",
"pos": [
329,
339
]
} |
finally , experiments using a unilateral model of adriamycin nephrosis indicated that the enhancement of glomerular txb2 synthesis is not simply a consequence of the nephrotic syndrome . | NA | {
"id": "C0027720",
"name": "nephrosis",
"pos": [
61,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0027726",
"name": "nephrotic syndrome",
"pos": [
166,
184
]
} |
the glycoprotein , avidin , conjugated either to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase , or to the fluorochrome dyes , fluorescein or rhodamine , identifies the granules of mast cells in both tissues and cell suspensions . | NA | {
"id": "C0017968",
"name": "glycoprotein",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0004434",
"name": "avidin",
"pos": [
19,
25
]
} |
anti-insulin antibodies are present in the majority of insulin treated diabetics , and in some cases these antibodies have been found to be highly specific for limited epitopes on the molecule . | NA | {
"id": "C0021644",
"name": "anti-insulin antibodies",
"pos": [
0,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
107,
117
]
} |
by evaluating which of a panel of monoclonal anti-gac antibodies were bound by the various anti-idiotopes , we observed four distinct reactivity profiles for the five anti-idiotopes ranging from highly restricted ( binding of the homologous anti-gac monoclonal antibody only ) to broadly cross-reactive ( binding of 18 o... | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
54,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibody",
"pos": [
250,
269
]
} |
most of the agepc derived from ionophore-treated neutrophils remained cell associated rather than being secreted into the medium , even when the medium contained ample albumin protein , which can trap agepc . | NA | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
168,
175
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
176,
183
]
} |
the pronounced microvascular alterations induced by low concentrations of c3a and c5a strengthen the view that these anaphylatoxins act as mediators of inflammatory reactions in which the complement system is activated . | NA | {
"id": "C0009510",
"name": "c3a",
"pos": [
74,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0002791",
"name": "anaphylatoxins",
"pos": [
117,
131
]
} |
the pronounced microvascular alterations induced by low concentrations of c3a and c5a strengthen the view that these anaphylatoxins act as mediators of inflammatory reactions in which the complement system is activated . | NA | {
"id": "C0002791",
"name": "anaphylatoxins",
"pos": [
117,
131
]
} | {
"id": "C0009498",
"name": "complement",
"pos": [
188,
198
]
} |
these antibodies also inhibited rosette formation with ec3bi without decreasing ec3b rosetting , suggesting that mab 60.3 and 60.1 inhibit the phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan through reaction with the c3bi receptor ( cr3 ) on the leukocyte surface . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
6,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "mab",
"pos": [
113,
116
]
} |
similarly , naive guinea pigs treated with anti-histamines four times daily , beginning 7 days before transfer of immune serum and tick challenge and continuing through the tick infestation period , also expressed normal antibody-mediated resistance to a. americanum . | NA | {
"id": "C0020960",
"name": "immune serum",
"pos": [
114,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
221,
229
]
} |
a clear association between the presence of patent infection and the gib 13 target epitope in serum was established because 93 % of microfilaremic individuals were antigen-positive . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitope",
"pos": [
83,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
164,
171
]
} |
antibodies specific for two epitopes shared by the two major circulating parasite antigens were identified . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
28,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigens",
"pos": [
82,
90
]
} |
antibodies in these antisera differed in their titers to the freeze-thaw released antigens ( w-2x greater than f-2x ) and in their relative affinities for these antigens ( f-2x greater than w-2x ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0020960",
"name": "antisera",
"pos": [
20,
28
]
} |
macrophages activated in vitro to a cytotoxic stage with supernatants containing lymphokines ( lk ) and traces of lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) have an imbalanced accumulation of mature ribosomal rna ( rrna ) , with a decreased accumulation of 28s rrna compared to 18s rrna . | NA | {
"id": "C0035701",
"name": "ribosomal rna",
"pos": [
183,
196
]
} | {
"id": "C0035705",
"name": "28s rrna",
"pos": [
241,
249
]
} |
macrophages activated in vitro to a cytotoxic stage with supernatants containing lymphokines ( lk ) and traces of lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) have an imbalanced accumulation of mature ribosomal rna ( rrna ) , with a decreased accumulation of 28s rrna compared to 18s rrna . | NA | {
"id": "C0035701",
"name": "ribosomal rna",
"pos": [
183,
196
]
} | {
"id": "C0035703",
"name": "18s rrna",
"pos": [
262,
270
]
} |
delayed-type hypersensitivity ( dth ) footpad responses to allogeneic l5178y ( h-2d ) tumor cells in c57bl/6 mice showed a biphasic reaction pattern , similar to that found in dth responses to simple reactive haptens , such as picryl chloride . | NA | {
"id": "C0018593",
"name": "haptens",
"pos": [
209,
216
]
} | {
"id": "C0031891",
"name": "picryl chloride",
"pos": [
227,
242
]
} |
inhibition of human tumor growth by igg2a monoclonal antibodies correlates with antibody density on tumor cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibodies",
"pos": [
42,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
80,
88
]
} |
four of the eight mab inhibited growth of these tumors , and all four of these antibodies reacted in antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity ( admc ) assays in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "mab",
"pos": [
18,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
79,
89
]
} |
the importance of the number of antibody sites on the tumor cell surface for tumor destruction by mab was confirmed by the demonstration of tumoricidal effects of mixtures of mab that were by themselves not tumoricidal . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
32,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "mab",
"pos": [
175,
178
]
} |
in two of the clones , syngeneic reactivity rapidly developed when the allogeneic stimulator cells were replaced with syngeneic or third party stimulator cells , and when the supernatant from el4 thymoma cells stimulated with phorbol ester was used as growth factor . | NA | {
"id": "C3485979",
"name": "allogeneic",
"pos": [
71,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
171,
174
]
} |
normal balb/c bone marrow cells were treated with either anti-thy-1.2 plus complement or anti-thy-1.2 and anti-idiotype plus complement before use in the reconstitution of lethally irradiated syngeneic mice . | NA | {
"id": "C0009505",
"name": "2",
"pos": [
68,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C0009498",
"name": "complement",
"pos": [
125,
135
]
} |
allogeneic b cells and m phi as well as autologous cells had helper function as accessory cells . | NA | {
"id": "C3485979",
"name": "allogeneic",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
90,
95
]
} |
iii ) pge2 ( + ) t cells bound pge after a 24-hr incubation , whereas pge2 ( - ) t cells did not . | NA | {
"id": "C0033559",
"name": "pge",
"pos": [
6,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0012472",
"name": "pge2",
"pos": [
70,
74
]
} |
none of the nine monoclonal antibodies , termed beta-hcg-ctpa1 -- -- a9 , reacted with hlh , hfsh , or htsh , although these pituitary hormones display extensive amino acid sequence homology with hcg . | NA | {
"id": "C0106132",
"name": "beta-hcg",
"pos": [
48,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0018062",
"name": "hcg",
"pos": [
196,
199
]
} |
mice were evaluated for coombs and natural thymocytotoxic antibody at 6-wk intervals thereafter , and for anti-dna autoantibodies , total igm and igg levels , and renal histology at selected time points . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
58,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0004358",
"name": "autoantibodies",
"pos": [
115,
129
]
} |
however , with a second signal provided to responsive macrophages by contaminating endotoxin , added bacterial lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) , or heat-killed listeria monocytogenes ( hklm ) , all three types of interferon induced cytolytic activity , with muifn-gamma approximately 500 to 1000-fold more active than either ... | NA | {
"id": "C0014264",
"name": "endotoxin",
"pos": [
83,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lipopolysaccharide",
"pos": [
111,
129
]
} |
to investigate the role of specific cytokines in the development of the fully mature macrophage , we have employed murine bone marrow cells that were grown in the presence of csf-1 , a colony-stimulating factor that has been shown to induce the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages from their precursor cells... | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
134,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0018956",
"name": "precursor cells",
"pos": [
305,
320
]
} |
to investigate the role of specific cytokines in the development of the fully mature macrophage , we have employed murine bone marrow cells that were grown in the presence of csf-1 , a colony-stimulating factor that has been shown to induce the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages from their precursor cells... | NA | {
"id": "C0079784",
"name": "csf-1",
"pos": [
175,
180
]
} | {
"id": "C0009392",
"name": "colony-stimulating factor",
"pos": [
185,
210
]
} |
in 9 of the children , sebum secretion appeared to be virtually nonexistent , judging by the low amounts of lipid recovered and the low percentages of wax esters and squalene , which are purely sebaceous lipid classes . | NA | {
"id": "C0043076",
"name": "wax",
"pos": [
151,
154
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
204,
209
]
} |
the relation between wax ester secretion rate and skin surface lipid composition on the forehead was investigated and found to conform to the formula : microgram wax esters/10 cm2/3 h = 28 x wax esters/ ( cholesterol + cholesterol esters ) , with a correlation coefficient ( r ) of 0.94 . | NA | {
"id": "C0043076",
"name": "wax",
"pos": [
21,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
63,
68
]
} |
there was no statistically significant difference in the mean androgen receptor content ( 11,600 +/- 2700 ( se ) sites/cell fibroblasts vs 7900 +/- 700 sites/cell or binding affinity ( 2.0 +/- 0.3 ( se ) x 10 ( -9 ) m vs 1.5 +/- 0.2 x 10 ( -9 ) m , respectively ) between the patients ' fibroblasts and those of the cont... | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
119,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
287,
298
]
} |
depletion of thy 1.2-positive cells from the spleen cells failed to influence augmentation of cytotoxicity by either cona or cona-induced lk , indicating that the precursor cells are not t cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
30,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0018956",
"name": "precursor",
"pos": [
163,
172
]
} |
in both brain regions , da release did not differ from controls at 4-6 h after the ethanol injection , although blood ethanol concentrations remained elevated . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
83,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0684262",
"name": "blood ethanol concentrations",
"pos": [
112,
140
]
} |
when tissue slices were labelled in vitro with [ 3h ] inositol , this response could be monitored by measuring the formation of [ 3h ] inositol phosphates . | NA | {
"id": "C0021547",
"name": "inositol",
"pos": [
54,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0021554",
"name": "inositol phosphates",
"pos": [
135,
154
]
} |
however , displacement studies using 5-methoxytryptamine , lysergic acid diethylamide ( lsd ) , 2-bromo-lysergic acid diethylamide ( bol ) , methysergide , and spiperone as competing ligands suggested the existence of subclasses of [ 3h ] 5-ht binding sites because the hill coefficients were less than unity . | NA | {
"id": "C0000589",
"name": "5-methoxytryptamine",
"pos": [
37,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0036751",
"name": "5-ht",
"pos": [
239,
243
]
} |
polymorphism of pseudocholinesterase in torpedo marmorata tissues : comparative study of the catalytic and molecular properties of this enzyme with acetylcholinesterase . | NA | {
"id": "C0008429",
"name": "pseudocholinesterase",
"pos": [
16,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0001044",
"name": "acetylcholinesterase",
"pos": [
148,
168
]
} |
we report the existence , in torpedo marmorata tissues , of a cholinesterase species ( sensitive to 10 ( -5 ) m eserine ) that differs from acetylcholinesterase ( ache , ec 3.1.1.7 ) in several respects : ( a ) the enzyme hydrolyzes butyrylthiocholine ( busch ) at about 30 % of the rate at which it hydrolyzes acetylthi... | NA | {
"id": "C0008429",
"name": "cholinesterase",
"pos": [
62,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0001044",
"name": "acetylcholinesterase",
"pos": [
140,
160
]
} |
the epitopes ( antigenic sites ) for seven monoclonal antibodies ( mabs ) evoked in rats or mice by guinea pig or monkey myelin basic protein ( bp ) have been located in four different sequences of the bps extracted from various species . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigenic",
"pos": [
15,
24
]
} |
the historical aspects of spongiform encephalopathies , creutzfeldt-jakob disease ( cjd ) and kuru of man , as well as scrapie and transmissible mink encephalopathy , are outlined . | NA | {
"id": "C0162534",
"name": "spongiform encephalopathies",
"pos": [
26,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0022802",
"name": "kuru",
"pos": [
94,
98
]
} |
the historical aspects of spongiform encephalopathies , creutzfeldt-jakob disease ( cjd ) and kuru of man , as well as scrapie and transmissible mink encephalopathy , are outlined . | NA | {
"id": "C0162534",
"name": "spongiform encephalopathies",
"pos": [
26,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0036457",
"name": "scrapie",
"pos": [
119,
126
]
} |
results were compared with those observed in four neuroblastomas ( two central and two peripheral sites ) , 17 medulloblastomas , four pheochromocytomas and five paragangliomas . | NA | {
"id": "C0031511",
"name": "pheochromocytomas",
"pos": [
135,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0030421",
"name": "paragangliomas",
"pos": [
162,
176
]
} |
although the s-100-positive cells in olf nb resembled s-100-positive sustentacular cells of paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma , the network pattern was distinctive in olf nb . | NA | {
"id": "C0030421",
"name": "paraganglioma",
"pos": [
92,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C0031511",
"name": "pheochromocytoma",
"pos": [
110,
126
]
} |
recurring chromosome abnormalities also correlated with specific anll histologic subtypes , such as t ( 8 ; 21 ) with acute myelogenous leukemia and t ( 15 ; 17 ) with acute promyelocytic leukemia . | NA | {
"id": "C0023467",
"name": "acute myelogenous leukemia",
"pos": [
118,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C0023487",
"name": "acute promyelocytic",
"pos": [
168,
187
]
} |
hybridoma antibody-dependent inhibition of cat activity was reversed by dissociation of immune complexes via dilution , demonstrating that antibody binding does not irreversibly alter the structure of the enzyme . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
10,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0003313",
"name": "immune complexes",
"pos": [
88,
104
]
} |
two-dimensional gel separation of labeled nerve proteins revealed 250 to 300 identifiable proteins , 89 of which ( including all spots which differed consistently upon direct comparison of regenerating versus normal nerves ) were selected for quantitative treatment . | NA | {
"id": "C0027759",
"name": "nerve proteins",
"pos": [
42,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
90,
98
]
} |
by using a crush control and tracking the labeled proteins into the tectum over time , these proteins were shown to be axonally transported proteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
50,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0007292",
"name": "transported proteins",
"pos": [
128,
148
]
} |
the administration to fasted animals of up to 2.4 mmol of choline chloride via the drinking water ( containing 60 mm choline ) or an orogastric tube did not affect the plasma choline concentrations or the production of lung surfactant pc . | NA | {
"id": "C0008409",
"name": "choline",
"pos": [
58,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0008405",
"name": "choline",
"pos": [
175,
182
]
} |
birth weight , sex , age at introduction of solid , and duration of breast-feeding were all significant predictors of weight at 12 months ( r2 = 0.296 , p less than 0.0001 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0005612",
"name": "birth weight",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0005910",
"name": "weight",
"pos": [
118,
124
]
} |
the infusion of travasol resulted in high plasma levels of methionine ( 114 +/- 39 mumol/l , range 53 to 260 mumol/l ) and an elevated load of glycine , which was accompanied by an abnormally high urinary loss of this amino acid . | NA | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "glycine",
"pos": [
143,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
218,
228
]
} |
we found that anesthetic ( secobarbital and pentobarbital ) but not anticonvulsant ( phenobarbital and diphenylbarbituric acid ) barbiturates significantly enhanced gaba receptor-coupled responses in both the biochemical and electrophysiological preparations . | NA | {
"id": "C0036516",
"name": "secobarbital",
"pos": [
27,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0004745",
"name": "barbiturates",
"pos": [
129,
141
]
} |
we found that anesthetic ( secobarbital and pentobarbital ) but not anticonvulsant ( phenobarbital and diphenylbarbituric acid ) barbiturates significantly enhanced gaba receptor-coupled responses in both the biochemical and electrophysiological preparations . | NA | {
"id": "C0030883",
"name": "pentobarbital",
"pos": [
44,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0004745",
"name": "barbiturates",
"pos": [
129,
141
]
} |
we found that anesthetic ( secobarbital and pentobarbital ) but not anticonvulsant ( phenobarbital and diphenylbarbituric acid ) barbiturates significantly enhanced gaba receptor-coupled responses in both the biochemical and electrophysiological preparations . | NA | {
"id": "C0031412",
"name": "phenobarbital",
"pos": [
85,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0004745",
"name": "barbiturates",
"pos": [
129,
141
]
} |
selective ligands for mu , sigma , delta and epsilon opioid binding sites were poor inhibitors for inhibiting [ 3h ] ethylketocyclazocine binding to this site , whereas kappa opioids like oxilorphan , dynorphin ( 1-13 ) , ethylketocyclazocine , butorphanol , cyclazocine , ketocyclazocine , tifluadom , nalorphine , pent... | NA | {
"id": "C0079314",
"name": "ethylketocyclazocine",
"pos": [
117,
137
]
} | {
"id": "C0010526",
"name": "cyclazocine",
"pos": [
277,
288
]
} |
further comparisons of the analgesic and respiratory depressant effects of morphine and two opioid peptides , metkephamid and d-ala2-d-leu5-enkephalin , strongly suggest the involvement of mu-2 rather than delta mechanisms in opioid respiratory depression . | NA | {
"id": "C0205753",
"name": "opioid peptides",
"pos": [
92,
107
]
} | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
140,
150
]
} |
the barbiturates phenobarbital and pentobarbital enhance the slow outward current and the suppression of repetitive firing . | NA | {
"id": "C0004745",
"name": "barbiturates",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0030883",
"name": "pentobarbital",
"pos": [
35,
48
]
} |
the order of potency for several of these analogs was found to be : 5'-n-ethylcarboxamideadenosine greater than 5'-n-cyclopropylcarboxamideadenosine greater than l-pia greater than n6-cyclohexyladenosine greater than 2-cl-adenosine greater than adenosine greater than d-pia . | NA | {
"id": "C0031484",
"name": "l-pia",
"pos": [
162,
167
]
} | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
245,
254
]
} |
since high concentrations of alcohol do not prevent the inhibitory effects of these compounds , they may be particularly useful for preventing poisoning by methanol or ethylene glycol . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "alcohol",
"pos": [
29,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0001963",
"name": "methanol",
"pos": [
156,
164
]
} |
while most piperidines and pyrrolidines produce an amino acid and a corresponding lactam , it was found that phencyclidine was not converted to the lactam 11 . | NA | {
"id": "C0031960",
"name": "piperidines",
"pos": [
11,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0031381",
"name": "phencyclidine",
"pos": [
109,
122
]
} |
the 21-yl beta-d-glucosides and galactosides of dexamethasone , prednisolone , hydrocortisone , and fludrocortisone and the 21-yl beta-d-cellobioside of prednisolone were prepared by a modified koenigs-knorr reaction . | NA | {
"id": "C0020268",
"name": "hydrocortisone",
"pos": [
79,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0016280",
"name": "fludrocortisone",
"pos": [
100,
115
]
} |
a series of dinucleotides , analogous to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide but containing the five-membered base nucleosides tiazofurin ( 1a ) , selenazofurin ( 1b ) , ribavirin ( 2 ) , and aicar ( 3 ) in place of nicotinamide ribonucleoside , were prepared in greater than 50 % yield by reacting the corresponding nucle... | NA | {
"id": "C0027270",
"name": "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide",
"pos": [
41,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0001413",
"name": "adenosine 5",
"pos": [
355,
366
]
} |
c8 has two mutations , one predicts lysine224 to glutamamic acid and the other changes the codon for glutamic acid660 to a stop codon ; | NA | {
"id": "C0009221",
"name": "codon",
"pos": [
91,
96
]
} | {
"id": "C0242611",
"name": "stop codon",
"pos": [
123,
133
]
} |
epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gc are clustered in two distinct antigenic sites . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigenic",
"pos": [
86,
95
]
} |
the epitopes on gc were operationally grouped into antigenic sites by evaluating the patterns of neutralization observed when a panel of 22 antibodies was tested against 22 mar mutants . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigenic",
"pos": [
51,
60
]
} |
three epitopes were assigned to one antigenic site ( i ) , and six were clustered in a second complex site ( ii ) composed of three distinct subsites , iia , iib , and iic . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
6,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigenic",
"pos": [
36,
45
]
} |
therefore , the absence of newly synthesized viral proteins ( anisomysin treatment ) and the presence of analog proteins ( stringent canavanine treatment ) have different consequences with regard to the accumulation of these two ie rnas . | NA | {
"id": "C0042736",
"name": "viral proteins",
"pos": [
45,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
112,
120
]
} |
analyses of the secondary structure of these regions , coupled with the experimentally derived observation that the h126-5- and h233-antibody cognitive sites do not overlap , indicate the approximate locations of the epitopes of these neutralizing , surface-reacting , and immune-precipitating monoclonal antibodies . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
133,
141
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal",
"pos": [
294,
304
]
} |
we report here that both single-stranded dna and double-stranded replicative form dna , from the single-stranded dna mycoplasma virus l51 , are also infectious in this system . | NA | {
"id": "C0012935",
"name": "single-stranded dna",
"pos": [
25,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "double-stranded",
"pos": [
49,
64
]
} |
one of the unexpected results of this study was the observation that a majority of the mcas precipitated more than one protein ( 15 of 27 antibodies , 7 of 11 groups ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "mcas",
"pos": [
87,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
138,
148
]
} |
immunoprecipitation of viral proteins with polyvalent sera obtained from virus-infected rabbits and monkeys was carried out to verify and extend previously published reports on the proteins of herpesvirus saimiri . | NA | {
"id": "C0042736",
"name": "viral proteins",
"pos": [
23,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
181,
189
]
} |
epstein-barr virus transformed human lymphocytes despite the presence of up to 500 microm acyclovir [ 9- ( 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl ) guanine ] , a viral dna polymerase inhibitor . | NA | {
"id": "C0001367",
"name": "acyclovir",
"pos": [
90,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0018321",
"name": "guanine",
"pos": [
131,
138
]
} |
by examining enzymatic reactions in vitro , we found that an early event during reverse transcription of the avian myeloblastosis virus rna genome is the release of the 3 ' polyadenylate tail from the viral rna template . | NA | {
"id": "C0035668",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
136,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0035736",
"name": "viral rna",
"pos": [
201,
210
]
} |
only two of these five tumors contained mulv-like rna species that hybridized with ecotropic mulv long terminal repeat sequences , despite the probe 's ability to detect both ecotropic mulv and mink cell focus-inducing viral rna . | NA | {
"id": "C0035668",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
50,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0035736",
"name": "viral rna",
"pos": [
219,
228
]
} |
conversely , in patients with acute tularemia , the possibility of rhabdomyolysis should be entertained early , especially in those with evidence of myoglobinuria and/or impaired renal function . | NA | {
"id": "C0035410",
"name": "rhabdomyolysis",
"pos": [
67,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0027080",
"name": "myoglobinuria",
"pos": [
149,
162
]
} |
immunohistochemical examination using the myelin proteins , myelin basic protein and myelin-associated glycoprotein , failed to show any difference in staining characteristics from normal , in contrast to the marked increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein accompanying the division of astrocytes . | NA | {
"id": "C0026972",
"name": "myelin proteins",
"pos": [
42,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0014063",
"name": "myelin basic protein",
"pos": [
60,
80
]
} |
tumor cells contained filaments specifically stained with different conventional and monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins and displayed punctate plasma membrane staining with antibodies to desmoplakins , in agreement with the electron microscopic demonstration of tonofilament bundles and desmosomes . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal",
"pos": [
85,
95
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
176,
186
]
} |
tumor cells were not significantly stained with antibodies to other intermediate filament proteins such as vimentin , desmin , glial filament protein , and neurofilament protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0021769",
"name": "intermediate filament",
"pos": [
68,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0042666",
"name": "vimentin",
"pos": [
107,
115
]
} |
tumor cells were not significantly stained with antibodies to other intermediate filament proteins such as vimentin , desmin , glial filament protein , and neurofilament protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0021769",
"name": "intermediate filament",
"pos": [
68,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0017626",
"name": "glial filament",
"pos": [
127,
141
]
} |
tumor cells were not significantly stained with antibodies to other intermediate filament proteins such as vimentin , desmin , glial filament protein , and neurofilament protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0021769",
"name": "intermediate filament",
"pos": [
68,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0085418",
"name": "neurofilament",
"pos": [
156,
169
]
} |
using two different assay systems to distinguish between overt and inner forms of carnitine palmitoyl transferase ( cpt , ec 2.3.1.21 ) of intact guinea-pig liver mitochondria , we have shown that the hypoglycemic agent 2- ( 3-methylcinnamylhydrazono ) -propionate ( bm 42.304 ) inhibits the activity of carnitine-acylca... | NA | {
"id": "C0007262",
"name": "carnitine palmitoyl transferase",
"pos": [
82,
113
]
} | {
"id": "C0007261",
"name": "carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase",
"pos": [
304,
339
]
} |
dinitrobenzene-induced methemoglobin production was markedly inhibited at 4 degrees c , and may be a result of decreased interaction with hemoglobin and/or decreased metabolism to reactive intermediates which mediate methemoglobin production . | NA | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
26,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0025635",
"name": "methemoglobin",
"pos": [
217,
230
]
} |
dose dependent changes in heart rate ( hr ) and coronary resistance ( cr ) were determined for adenosine , 5'-n-ethylcarboxamide adenosine ( neca ) and l-n6-phenylisopropyladenosine ( l-pia ) over a dose range of 1 x 10 ( -9 ) to 1 x 10 ( -5 ) m . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
95,
104
]
} | {
"id": "C0031484",
"name": "l",
"pos": [
184,
185
]
} |
neca significantly decreased both cr and hr at greater than or equal to 3 x 10 ( -8 ) m. l-pia significantly decreased hr at greater than or equal to 3 x 10 ( -8 ) m ; | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "neca",
"pos": [
0,
4
]
} | {
"id": "C0031484",
"name": "l-pia",
"pos": [
89,
94
]
} |
firstly , gpp ( nh ) p , a nonhydrolyzable analog of gtp , inhibits ( 3h ) wb-4101 binding at 3 nm concentration of the radioligand , the ligand concentration labelling the lower affinity , nm , binding site . | NA | {
"id": "C0018366",
"name": "gpp ( nh ) p",
"pos": [
10,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0018353",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
53,
56
]
} |
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