text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
immunological activity was assessed by serial measurements of natural killer ( nk ) cell activity , hydrogen peroxide production by monocytes , and changes in expression of fc receptors and human leukocyte class ii antigen ( hla-dr ) on monocytes . | NA | {
"id": "C0019754",
"name": "human",
"pos": [
190,
195
]
} | {
"id": "C0019764",
"name": "hla-dr",
"pos": [
225,
231
]
} |
pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin ( dox ) , epidoxorubicin ( epi ) , and their metabolites in plasma have been performed in eight patients receiving 40 to 56 mg/m2 of both anthracyclines as a bolus injection in two sequential cycles . | NA | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
20,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epidoxorubicin",
"pos": [
42,
56
]
} |
terminal half-life and volume of distribution appeared to be smaller in case of epi , whereas plasma clearance and cumulative urinary excretion was larger in comparison to dox . | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epi",
"pos": [
80,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "dox",
"pos": [
172,
175
]
} |
in the case of epi , the auc of 7d-aolon was twice the level of that of the corresponding metabolite of dox . | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epi",
"pos": [
15,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "dox",
"pos": [
104,
107
]
} |
approximately 6.2 % of epi and 5.9 % of dox were excreted by the kidney during the initial 48 hours . | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epi",
"pos": [
23,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "dox",
"pos": [
40,
43
]
} |
aol was found in the urine of patients treated with dox , whereas eol , e-glu , and eol-glu were detected in urine of patients treated with epi . | NA | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "dox",
"pos": [
52,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epi",
"pos": [
140,
143
]
} |
the cumulative urinary excretion appeared to be 10.5 % for epi and its metabolites , and 6.9 % for dox and its metabolite . | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epi",
"pos": [
59,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "dox",
"pos": [
99,
102
]
} |
all other compounds reached their maximum plasma concentration during the first minutes after the administration of dox and epi . | NA | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "dox",
"pos": [
116,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epi",
"pos": [
124,
127
]
} |
dog area postrema neurons were also excited by over 20 other substances , including acetylcholine , the biogenic amines , several peptides , and at least two hormones . | NA | {
"id": "C0001041",
"name": "acetylcholine",
"pos": [
84,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0005496",
"name": "biogenic amines",
"pos": [
104,
119
]
} |
dogs pretreated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors ( theophylline , 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine , or ro 1724 ) showed a shift in the threshold concentration of the above substances that triggered emesis , such that emesis was evoked by lower concentrations than in the control . | NA | {
"id": "C0039771",
"name": "theophylline",
"pos": [
52,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0000096",
"name": "3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine",
"pos": [
67,
94
]
} |
one patient had a large intramedullary cyst that accounted for only part of the enlargement , and one had multiple tumor nodules . | NA | {
"id": "C0010709",
"name": "cyst",
"pos": [
39,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0027651",
"name": "tumor",
"pos": [
115,
120
]
} |
moreover , a period of stability in the level of consciousness , such as the lucid interval seen in patients with extradural hematoma , is considered to be a period during which compensatory mechanisms can maintain the stability of the intracranial condition during progressive enlargement of the hematoma . | NA | {
"id": "C0238154",
"name": "extradural hematoma",
"pos": [
114,
133
]
} | {
"id": "C0018944",
"name": "hematoma",
"pos": [
297,
305
]
} |
the ig levels were within the normal range in patients with malignant astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme , whereas a three- and fourfold increase in the igm level was observed in patients with astrocytoma . | NA | {
"id": "C0017636",
"name": "glioblastoma multiforme",
"pos": [
86,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0004114",
"name": "astrocytoma",
"pos": [
198,
209
]
} |
effects of dietary excesses of the branched-chain amino acids on growth , food intake and plasma amino acid concentrations of kittens . | NA | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "branched-chain amino acids",
"pos": [
35,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
97,
107
]
} |
the effect of excesses of the branched-chain amino acids ( bcaa ) , particularly leucine , on growth , food intake and plasma amino acid concentrations were investigated in kittens . | NA | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "branched-chain amino acids",
"pos": [
30,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0023401",
"name": "leucine",
"pos": [
81,
88
]
} |
the effect of excesses of the branched-chain amino acids ( bcaa ) , particularly leucine , on growth , food intake and plasma amino acid concentrations were investigated in kittens . | NA | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "branched-chain amino acids",
"pos": [
30,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
126,
136
]
} |
leucine-induced growth depression was alleviated by the addition of isoleucine and valine at 0.5 % , indicating that excess leucine caused a bcaa antagonism or an amino acid imbalance . | NA | {
"id": "C0022192",
"name": "isoleucine",
"pos": [
68,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "bcaa",
"pos": [
141,
145
]
} |
leucine-induced growth depression was alleviated by the addition of isoleucine and valine at 0.5 % , indicating that excess leucine caused a bcaa antagonism or an amino acid imbalance . | NA | {
"id": "C0042285",
"name": "valine",
"pos": [
83,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "bcaa",
"pos": [
141,
145
]
} |
leucine-induced growth depression was alleviated by the addition of isoleucine and valine at 0.5 % , indicating that excess leucine caused a bcaa antagonism or an amino acid imbalance . | NA | {
"id": "C0023401",
"name": "leucine",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "bcaa",
"pos": [
141,
145
]
} |
leucine-induced growth depression was alleviated by the addition of isoleucine and valine at 0.5 % , indicating that excess leucine caused a bcaa antagonism or an amino acid imbalance . | NA | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "bcaa",
"pos": [
141,
145
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
163,
173
]
} |
in three patients who developed biotin deficiency during parenteral alimentation , serum fatty acid compositions of the four major lipid classes ( phospholipid , cholesteryl ester , triglyceride and free fatty acid ) were measured . | NA | {
"id": "C0015684",
"name": "fatty acid",
"pos": [
89,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0015688",
"name": "free fatty acid",
"pos": [
199,
214
]
} |
effect of dietary methionine on utilization of tissue selenium from dietary selenomethionine for glutathione peroxidase in the rat . | NA | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "methionine",
"pos": [
18,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0036584",
"name": "selenomethionine",
"pos": [
76,
92
]
} |
to study the effect of dietary methionine on the bioavailability of se from selenomethionine ( [ se ] met ) , weanling rats were first loaded with se by feeding 0.5 mg se as [ se ] met per kg diet of a low methionine ( 0.17 % by analysis ) torula yeast-based diet for 21 d , and then were fed an se-deficient diet ( less than 0.02 mg se/kg ) supplemented with 0 , 0.4 or 0.9 % methionine for 28 d . | NA | {
"id": "C0036584",
"name": "selenomethionine",
"pos": [
76,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "methionine",
"pos": [
377,
387
]
} |
however , the three isomeric dipeptides l-l- , l-d- and d-l-methionylmethionine , n-acetyl- and n-formyl-l-methionine , l-methionine sulfoxide and d-methionine were well utilized . | NA | {
"id": "C0027228",
"name": "n-formyl-l-methionine",
"pos": [
96,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "methionine",
"pos": [
149,
159
]
} |
our observations agree with earlier findings that 1 ) pbb treatment alters vitamin a homeostasis , and 2 ) dietary ra lowers the amount of circulatory retinol . | NA | {
"id": "C0042839",
"name": "vitamin a",
"pos": [
75,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C0040845",
"name": "ra",
"pos": [
115,
117
]
} |
seven consecutive cases of primary spindle celled tumours of the breast have been studied immunohistologically using antisera to the intermediate filament proteins ( ifp ) vimentin , cytokeratin , and desmin , and with an antibody to epithelial membrane antigen . | NA | {
"id": "C0020960",
"name": "antisera",
"pos": [
117,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
222,
230
]
} |
seven consecutive cases of primary spindle celled tumours of the breast have been studied immunohistologically using antisera to the intermediate filament proteins ( ifp ) vimentin , cytokeratin , and desmin , and with an antibody to epithelial membrane antigen . | NA | {
"id": "C0021769",
"name": "intermediate filament",
"pos": [
133,
154
]
} | {
"id": "C0042666",
"name": "vimentin",
"pos": [
172,
180
]
} |
seven consecutive cases of primary spindle celled tumours of the breast have been studied immunohistologically using antisera to the intermediate filament proteins ( ifp ) vimentin , cytokeratin , and desmin , and with an antibody to epithelial membrane antigen . | NA | {
"id": "C0021769",
"name": "intermediate filament",
"pos": [
133,
154
]
} | {
"id": "C0010803",
"name": "cytokeratin",
"pos": [
183,
194
]
} |
there was marked phenotypic heterogeneity within and between major groups of b-cell nhl as delineated by the kiel classification although the differentiation antigens cd5 ( lymphocytic and centrocytic nhl ) and okt10 ( plasma cell tumours ) were more often expressed by certain morphological groups . | NA | {
"id": "C0079731",
"name": "b-cell nhl",
"pos": [
77,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0024305",
"name": "nhl",
"pos": [
201,
204
]
} |
dna aneuploidy was found in 43 per cent of lymphomas of high grade malignancy ( nci working formulation ) but only rarely in lymphomas of intermediate- or low-grade malignancy or in hodgkin 's disease , and never in benign lymph nodes . | NA | {
"id": "C0024299",
"name": "lymphomas",
"pos": [
43,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0019829",
"name": "hodgkin 's disease",
"pos": [
182,
200
]
} |
the effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on human neutrophil polymorph superoxide ( o2- ) production stimulated either by opsonized zymosan , phorbol myristate acetate or fluoride was examined in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0008269",
"name": "chloroquine",
"pos": [
14,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0020336",
"name": "hydroxychloroquine",
"pos": [
30,
48
]
} |
a significant correlation ( p less than 0.05 ) was found between response of individual patients and af dose ( mg/kg/day ) , but there was no significant correlation between dosage and mean steady state serum gold concentration . | NA | {
"id": "C0004320",
"name": "af",
"pos": [
101,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0018026",
"name": "gold",
"pos": [
209,
213
]
} |
bcdf production was measured by a cellular interleukin assay in which a bcdf responsive cell line was cocultured with increasing numbers of pbl from the donor populations . | NA | {
"id": "C0021764",
"name": "interleukin",
"pos": [
43,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0021760",
"name": "bcdf",
"pos": [
72,
76
]
} |
five heretofore undescribed analogues of methotrexate ( mtx ) and aminopterin ( amt ) were synthesized and tested as dihydrofolate reductase ( dhfr ) inhibitors and tumor cell growth inhibitors . | NA | {
"id": "C0025677",
"name": "methotrexate",
"pos": [
41,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0002583",
"name": "aminopterin",
"pos": [
66,
77
]
} |
analogues of mtx and amt containing a double bond in the side chain were prepared from dimethyl d , l-2-amino-4-hexenedioate and 4-amino-4-deoxy-n10-methylpteroic acid and 4-amino-4-deoxy-n10-formylpteroic acid , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0025677",
"name": "mtx",
"pos": [
13,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0002583",
"name": "amt",
"pos": [
21,
24
]
} |
the positional isomers of amt were weak dhfr inhibitors and showed very little growth-inhibitory activity against l1210 murine leukemia cells or the mtx-resistant l1210/r81 mutant line in culture . | NA | {
"id": "C0002583",
"name": "amt",
"pos": [
26,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0025677",
"name": "mtx",
"pos": [
149,
152
]
} |
the mtx and amt analogues with the ch2ch2cooh moiety replaced by a ch2ch = chcooh side chain showed anti-dhfr activity similar to that of the previously described saturated compound n- ( 4-amino-4-deoxy-n10-methylpteroyl ) -l-2-aminoadipic acid , but were less potent than the parent drugs . | NA | {
"id": "C0025677",
"name": "mtx",
"pos": [
4,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0002583",
"name": "amt",
"pos": [
12,
15
]
} |
calf thymus dna binding of these analogues was comparable to that of amd as examined by uv-vis difference spectral measurements , cd techniques , and relaxation of supercoiled closed circular sv40 dna , indicating an intercalative mode of binding to the dna duplex . | NA | {
"id": "C0012925",
"name": "circular",
"pos": [
183,
191
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
254,
257
]
} |
thermal denaturation of dna experiments employing higher temperatures than room temperature exhibit a thermal lability of the dna analogue complexes , suggestive of a probable covalent bond formation with dna bases . | NA | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
5,
6
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
205,
208
]
} |
analogues of the potent inhibitor of choline acetyltransferase ( cat ) ( e ) -4- ( 1-naphthylvinyl ) pyridine methiodide were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit cat and protect against nerve agent intoxication . | NA | {
"id": "C0001068",
"name": "acetyltransferase",
"pos": [
45,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0008407",
"name": "cat",
"pos": [
223,
226
]
} |
it has only four differences from vertebrate calmodulin , occurring at positions 78 ( asp , beta glu ) , 99 ( tyr , beta phe ) , 143 ( gln , beta ala ) and 147 ( ala , beta ser ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0061472",
"name": "glu",
"pos": [
97,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0017797",
"name": "gln",
"pos": [
135,
138
]
} |
the major light-harvesting complex in eukaryotic red algae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria is the phycobilisome , a water-soluble complex located on the outer surface of the photosynthetic membranes and composed of both pigmented phycobiliproteins ( 85 % ) and non-pigmented linker ( 15 % ) polypeptides . | NA | {
"id": "C0136979",
"name": "phycobilisome",
"pos": [
96,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0070980",
"name": "phycobiliproteins",
"pos": [
228,
245
]
} |
in a first step , lambda dna interacts with terminase to form a dna-enzyme complex , called complex i . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
25,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a dna",
"pos": [
62,
67
]
} |
by these techniques , it is shown that the binding site size ( n ) of rho protein to polynucleotides is 13 ( +/- 1 ) nucleotide residues per rho monomer ( or 78 ( +/- 6 ) nucleotide residues per rho hexamer ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0032550",
"name": "polynucleotides",
"pos": [
85,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0028630",
"name": "nucleotide",
"pos": [
171,
181
]
} |
binding constants ( k ) and co-operativity parameters ( omega ) for the binding of rho to these polynucleotides have been measured as a function of nucleotide composition and of salt concentration . | NA | {
"id": "C0032550",
"name": "polynucleotides",
"pos": [
96,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0028630",
"name": "nucleotide",
"pos": [
148,
158
]
} |
differential effect of dietary methionine on the biopotency of selenomethionine and selenite in cancer chemoprevention . | NA | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "methionine",
"pos": [
31,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0036584",
"name": "selenomethionine",
"pos": [
63,
79
]
} |
results of the carcinogenesis experiment indicated that suboptimal dietary methionine significantly reduced the protective effect of selenomethionine in cancer prevention . | NA | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "methionine",
"pos": [
75,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0036584",
"name": "selenomethionine",
"pos": [
133,
149
]
} |
an increase of dietary methionine to 0.6 % did not enhance the efficacy of selenomethionine in cancer protection but would allow the use of a higher level of selenite without the accompanying adverse effects . | NA | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "methionine",
"pos": [
23,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0036584",
"name": "selenomethionine",
"pos": [
75,
91
]
} |
the biological significance of se utilization under suboptimal or adequate methionine intake was also assessed using the glutathione peroxidase assay in the liver of se-deficient rats given graded levels of se as either selenite or selenomethionine . | NA | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "methionine",
"pos": [
75,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0036584",
"name": "selenomethionine",
"pos": [
232,
248
]
} |
the enzyme study demonstrated that low dietary methionine decreased the nutritional biopotency of selenomethionine in restoring glutathione peroxidase activity but not that of selenite . | NA | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "methionine",
"pos": [
47,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0036584",
"name": "selenomethionine",
"pos": [
98,
114
]
} |
these experiments suggest that adequate methionine intake is required for the utilization of selenomethionine for nutritional and anticarcinogenic purposes . | NA | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "methionine",
"pos": [
40,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0036584",
"name": "selenomethionine",
"pos": [
93,
109
]
} |
factors that were associated with a higher morbidity and mortality included severe associated thoracic injuries , a high iss , the presence of shock , falls from heights , and the combination of pulmonary contusion and flail chest . | NA | {
"id": "C0039980",
"name": "thoracic injuries",
"pos": [
94,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0016196",
"name": "flail chest",
"pos": [
219,
230
]
} |
because a number of metabolic events which are triggered by proteolysis in the bloodstream are activated following trauma , net proteolytic activity ( p.a . ) in the plasma of 37 pediatric burned patients was measured . | NA | {
"id": "C0043251",
"name": "trauma",
"pos": [
115,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0006434",
"name": "burned",
"pos": [
189,
195
]
} |
the clip compression sci rat model was used to measure changes in the mean systemic arterial pressure ( msap ) , cardiac output ( co ) , heart rate ( hr ) , total peripheral resistance ( tpr ) , and central venous pressure ( cvp ) after sci . | NA | {
"id": "C0037926",
"name": "compression sci",
"pos": [
9,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0037929",
"name": "sci",
"pos": [
237,
240
]
} |
this study was undertaken to characterize the hyperglycemic response of children with closed head injury compared to children with a non-head injury , and to measure the extent to which the presence of hyperglycemia is associated with a poor outcome among children with severe head injury . | NA | {
"id": "C0085094",
"name": "closed head injury",
"pos": [
86,
104
]
} | {
"id": "C0018674",
"name": "head injury",
"pos": [
277,
288
]
} |
records for all children ages 2 to 12 years admitted to a major regional trauma center with closed head injury over a 6-year period were compared to the records of a control group of children hospitalized for a non-head injury . | NA | {
"id": "C0085094",
"name": "closed head injury",
"pos": [
92,
110
]
} | {
"id": "C0018674",
"name": "head injury",
"pos": [
215,
226
]
} |
the consequent stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors enhances the transfer of potassium from the blood into the cells , even if the affinity of norepinephrine for such receptors is less than that of epinephrine . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
147,
161
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
202,
213
]
} |
albumin , seen to the most abundant urinary protein , was absent or markedly diminished in all instances , and the second most abundant urinary protein , pc-30 , became the predominant protein component of the crystals . | NA | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
185,
192
]
} |
ecs were incubated up to 30 minutes on polymers ( ps or pet ) coated with extracellular matrix proteins : collagen i/iii , fibronectin , collagen iv/v , laminin , gelatin , or saline control . | NA | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "extracellular matrix proteins",
"pos": [
74,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0016055",
"name": "fibronectin",
"pos": [
123,
134
]
} |
ecs were incubated up to 30 minutes on polymers ( ps or pet ) coated with extracellular matrix proteins : collagen i/iii , fibronectin , collagen iv/v , laminin , gelatin , or saline control . | NA | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "extracellular matrix proteins",
"pos": [
74,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0022984",
"name": "laminin",
"pos": [
153,
160
]
} |
we describe 30 patients with normal renal function referred to our clinic during the years 1970 through 1987 for evaluation of hematuria , usually microscopic , in whom prior urologic and radiological studies had failed to determine the cause of bleeding . | NA | {
"id": "C0018965",
"name": "hematuria",
"pos": [
127,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C0019080",
"name": "bleeding",
"pos": [
246,
254
]
} |
bcaa infusion caused moderate renal vasoconstriction , a slight increase of gfr and a progressive rise of the filtration fraction ( ff ) , whereas the amino acids mixture induced a significantly higher increase of gfr and a state of renal vasodilatation without altering the ff . | NA | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "bcaa",
"pos": [
0,
4
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
151,
162
]
} |
this study demonstrates that whereas a state of hyperfiltration and hyperemia is specifically induced by an amino acid mixture independently of volume expansion and osmolar load , the administration of bcaa provides nitrogen without renal hemodynamic stimulation . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
108,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "bcaa",
"pos": [
202,
206
]
} |
data indicate vasc was more effective in identifying possible hearing deficits in young children being tested in a screening environment . | NA | {
"id": "C0008059",
"name": "vasc",
"pos": [
14,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0728836",
"name": "young children",
"pos": [
82,
96
]
} |
the metabolism and excretion of methylxanthines was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography of extracts of the urine of racing greyhounds force-fed either caffeine ( no doz ) or chocolate ( hersheys chocolate drops ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0025519",
"name": "metabolism",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0221102",
"name": "excretion",
"pos": [
19,
28
]
} |
the term epilepsy is collectively designated for a group of chronic central nervous system disorders characterized by spontaneous occurrence of seizures generally associated with the loss of consciousness and body movements ( convulsions ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0014544",
"name": "epilepsy",
"pos": [
9,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0036572",
"name": "convulsions",
"pos": [
226,
237
]
} |
the constituents of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of calliandra portoricensis leaves were identified to be saponins , tannins , flavonoids and glycosides . | NA | {
"id": "C0036189",
"name": "saponins",
"pos": [
108,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0017977",
"name": "glycosides",
"pos": [
144,
154
]
} |
the sequential univalent reduction of molecular oxygen initially forms the superoxide anion radical , which in turn is converted , in the presence of transition metal ions , into the highly reactive hydroxyl radical . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
86,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ions",
"pos": [
167,
171
]
} |
eight patients had radiological type i osteopetrosis , characterized by a pronounced osteosclerosis of the skull and an enlarged thickness of the cranial vault . | NA | {
"id": "C0029454",
"name": "osteopetrosis",
"pos": [
39,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0029464",
"name": "osteosclerosis",
"pos": [
85,
99
]
} |
obesity , overnutrition , diets rich in refined carbohydrates , diets high in cholesterol intake and poor in dietary fibre , lipid lowering drugs , age and female sex hormones are recognized causing increased cholesterol secretion into the bile . | NA | {
"id": "C0028754",
"name": "obesity",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C1257763",
"name": "overnutrition",
"pos": [
10,
23
]
} |
the activators of protein kinase c , 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and 1,2-diolein , increased phosphorylation of the protein bands of similar molecular weight to those increased by phosphatidylserine in the presence of ca2+ , whereas the biologically inactive phorbol ester , 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13 didecanoate ( 4 alpha pdd ) failed to change the pattern of protein phosphorylation . | NA | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "tetradecanoylphorbol",
"pos": [
42,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
268,
281
]
} |
the effect of l-phenylisopropyladenosine ( l-pia ) , the a1 adenosine agonist , on the depth of anesthesia was investigated in halothane-anesthetized rats . | NA | {
"id": "C0031484",
"name": "l-pia",
"pos": [
43,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
60,
69
]
} |
male healthy subjects , fasting 12 hours , ingested increasing amounts of a mixture containing a fixed proportion of seven essential amino acids ( l-isoleucine 11.5 % , l-leucine 18.0 % , l-lysine 13.1 % , l-methionine 18.0 % , l-phenylalanine 18.0 % , l-threonine 8.2 % , l-valine 13.1 % ) and lacking tryptophan . | NA | {
"id": "C0002525",
"name": "essential amino acids",
"pos": [
123,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "l-methionine",
"pos": [
206,
218
]
} |
male healthy subjects , fasting 12 hours , ingested increasing amounts of a mixture containing a fixed proportion of seven essential amino acids ( l-isoleucine 11.5 % , l-leucine 18.0 % , l-lysine 13.1 % , l-methionine 18.0 % , l-phenylalanine 18.0 % , l-threonine 8.2 % , l-valine 13.1 % ) and lacking tryptophan . | NA | {
"id": "C0002525",
"name": "essential amino acids",
"pos": [
123,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C0040005",
"name": "l-threonine",
"pos": [
253,
264
]
} |
since neutral lipids ( triglycerides and cholesterol esters ) exchange between plasma lipoproteins by processes mediated by neutral lipid transfer protein , we questioned that if vitamin e , a hydrophobic molecule , is carried in the core of the lipoprotein particle then its transfer between plasma lipoproteins may be mediated by neutral lipid transfer protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipids",
"pos": [
14,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
300,
312
]
} |
despite the presence of the d greater than 1.21 g/ml lipoprotein-poor plasma fraction or purified lipid transfer protein that resulted in up to a 10-fold increase in neutral lipid transfer , vitamin e transfer between very low density lipoproteins , low density and high density lipoproteins remained constant . | NA | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoprotein",
"pos": [
53,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0023825",
"name": "very low",
"pos": [
218,
226
]
} |
the results indicate that cardiac arrhythmias did not cause the elevation of lysophosphatidylcholine and if lysophospholipids are causally related to the arrhythmias that a critical level of the lysophospholipid must accumulate in order to elicit electrophysiological alterations . | NA | {
"id": "C0024360",
"name": "lysophosphatidylcholine",
"pos": [
77,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0024367",
"name": "lysophospholipids",
"pos": [
108,
125
]
} |
postperfusion , arachidonic acid and stearic acids were present at nearly 1:1 in the residual heart triacylglycerol , suggesting that a common mechanism may be involved in the selective retention of these fatty acids by the heart . | NA | {
"id": "C0038230",
"name": "stearic acids",
"pos": [
37,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0015684",
"name": "fatty acids",
"pos": [
205,
216
]
} |
to further characterize the apparent relationship between squalene epoxidase activity and membrane fatty acid composition , a variety of unsaturated fatty acids differing in their chain lengths and in the positions and orientation ( cis or trans ) of their double bonds were tested for their ability to promote turnover of endogenous squalene in cells previously deprived of olefinic supplements . | NA | {
"id": "C0015684",
"name": "fatty acid",
"pos": [
99,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0015690",
"name": "unsaturated fatty acids",
"pos": [
137,
160
]
} |
we treated the water protons and the protein protons `` '' on a protein surface '' '' as a dipole-dipole coupled two-spin system where relative translational diffusion is the dominant mechanism , and measured the change in the time development of the nuclear overhauser effect ( noe ) factors of the water protons . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
37,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0025252",
"name": "protein surfac",
"pos": [
64,
78
]
} |
in vivo measurements of t1 and t2 values in two experimental tumors growing in the legs of mice were made during tumor growth and after treatment of the tumor with either x-rays or cyclophosphamide . | NA | {
"id": "C0027659",
"name": "experimental tumors",
"pos": [
48,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0027651",
"name": "tumor",
"pos": [
153,
158
]
} |
although the mam ac caused virtually no primary cell death in the embryonic precursor cells of the dlgn , the nucleus in the adult offspring was reduced by 87 % compared with controls . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
48,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0018956",
"name": "precursor cells",
"pos": [
76,
91
]
} |
the rank order of potency of agonists was : 5-ht greater than phenylbiguanide = 2-methyl-5-ht much greater than 5-methoxytryptamine = 5-carboxamidotryptamine . | NA | {
"id": "C0036751",
"name": "5-ht",
"pos": [
44,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0000589",
"name": "methoxytryptamine",
"pos": [
114,
131
]
} |
the opioid peptides , 3-h-d-ala2 , d-leu5-enkephalin , 3h-d-ser2 , leu5 , thr6-enkephalin , 3h-d-ala2 , met5-enkephalin amide , and 3h-d-ala2 , n-mephe4 , gly-ol5-enkephalin , as well as the benzomorphan , 3h-bremazocine , apparently lack the structural characteristics which allow photolabeling . | NA | {
"id": "C0205753",
"name": "opioid peptides",
"pos": [
4,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
163,
173
]
} |
kd values for nbmpr dissociation from the ligand-site complex in unsealed ghosts , rovs and iovs were similar ( 1.6-2.4 nm ) , and bmax values ( mean +/- sd ) were , respectively , 22.2 +/- 5.5 , 25.8 +/- 6.4 , and 37.3 +/- 4.0 molecules/fg of protein , reflecting differences in the protein content of the membrane preparations . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
244,
251
]
} | {
"id": "C0025252",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
284,
291
]
} |
an immunochemical comparison was made of mab 30b6 binding properties with those of two other mabs , jg9 and jg22 , which identify a component of a membrane protein complex that interacts with extracellular matrix proteins including fibronectin . | NA | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "extracellular matrix proteins",
"pos": [
192,
221
]
} | {
"id": "C0016055",
"name": "fibronectin",
"pos": [
232,
243
]
} |
in saccharomyces cerevisiae , 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole ( aminotriazole ) competitively inhibits the activity of imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase , the product of the his3 gene . | NA | {
"id": "C0040880",
"name": "triazole",
"pos": [
44,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0002602",
"name": "aminotriazole",
"pos": [
55,
68
]
} |
to test directly whether these base substitutions can result in an increase in a gamma-globin gene transcription , we studied cosmid clones containing the g gamma- through beta-globin gene regions from individuals with greek-type ( g-to-a base substitution at -117 ) and chinese-type ( c-to-t base substitution at -196 ) a gamma hpfh in a transient expression assay . | NA | {
"id": "C0017033",
"name": "gamma-globin",
"pos": [
81,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0005221",
"name": "beta-globin",
"pos": [
172,
183
]
} |
application of a monoclonal antibody ( mab er-6 ; rajewsky et al. , 1980 ) specific for o6-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine ( o6-etdguo ) , in conjunction with a protein-free spreading procedure for double-stranded dna molecules and transmission electron microscopy , permits the visualization of antibody molecules complexed to o6-etdguo residues formed in dna upon reaction with the carcinogen n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea ( etnu ) ( nehls et al. , 1984 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "mab",
"pos": [
39,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
288,
296
]
} |
the preliminary study suggested that this enhancing effect depends on the his-peroxide adduct derived from l-his and h2o2 . | NA | {
"id": "C0031180",
"name": "peroxide",
"pos": [
78,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0020281",
"name": "h2o2",
"pos": [
117,
121
]
} |
to examine the cause of baseline sces more broadly , the frequencies of sces , as well as chromosomal aberrations ( cas ) in 4 additional bs fibroblast strains were compared , under different assay and cell culture conditions , with those of normal cells in the range of approximately 0.9-90 % 5-bromodeoxyuridine ( brdurd ) substitution into template dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
141,
151
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "normal cells",
"pos": [
242,
254
]
} |
as brdurd substitution increased further , the sce frequency in bs cells increased almost linearly , reaching 70-100 per cell at approximately 90 % substitution , while the sce increment in control fibroblasts was less than 5 per cell . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
198,
209
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
230,
234
]
} |
a survey of the literature published on the ability of metal salts to produce , in vitro , gene mutations , structural chromosome aberrations , sister-chromatid exchanges , to interfere with the chromosome distribution or to induce mammalian cell transformation demonstrates that the carcinogenicity of inorganic compounds is clearly associated with their genotoxicity . | NA | {
"id": "C0025552",
"name": "metal",
"pos": [
55,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0021521",
"name": "inorganic compounds",
"pos": [
303,
322
]
} |
five used fat samples , however , contained relatively high concentrations of tba-rs , ranging from 82 to 177 nmoles malondialdehyde/g . | NA | {
"id": "C0162781",
"name": "tba-rs",
"pos": [
78,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C0024643",
"name": "malondialdehyde",
"pos": [
117,
132
]
} |
replacement of chloride by an impermeant anion changed this relationship very little , suggesting an abnormally small chloride conductance . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
41,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0008203",
"name": "chloride",
"pos": [
118,
126
]
} |
significant correlations were found between the percentage of body fat and the variation in the r-r interval after beta-adrenergic blockade ( r = -0.30 , p less than 0.03 ) , the heart rate ( r = 0.30 , p less than 0.03 ) , the plasma norepinephrine concentration ( r = -0.30 , p less than 0.05 ) , the plasma epinephrine concentration ( r = -0.49 , p less than 0.001 ) , and the pupillary latency period ( r = 0.39 , p less than 0.01 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
235,
249
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
310,
321
]
} |
salts such as sodium chloride , potassium chloride and sodium nitrate , at low concentrations , can enhance aflatoxin production . | NA | {
"id": "C0008203",
"name": "chloride",
"pos": [
21,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0032825",
"name": "potassium",
"pos": [
32,
41
]
} |
here , we clearly demonstrate that the major sulphated glycosaminoglycan of mouse marrow stroma , heparan sulphate , possesses the ability to adsorb both gm-csf and the multilineage haemopoietic growth factor , interleukin 3 ( il-3 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "glycosaminoglycan",
"pos": [
55,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0019143",
"name": "heparan sulphate",
"pos": [
98,
114
]
} |
directly coupled to the widening of the groove by approximately 3a is a 21.5 degree bend of the dna away from the bound enzyme towards the major groove , suggesting that both dna stiffness and groove width are important in determining the sequence-dependence of the enzyme cutting rate . | NA | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
50,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
175,
178
]
} |
the experimental tumor 3924a in aci rats metastasizes to the lungs , but this is rarely apparent unless the life span of the animal is increased by treatment of the tumor . | NA | {
"id": "C0027659",
"name": "experimental tumor",
"pos": [
4,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0027651",
"name": "tumor",
"pos": [
165,
170
]
} |
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