text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
l-thyroxine ( t4 ) and l-triiodothyronine ( t3 ) specifically , inhibited myosin light chain kinase ( mlc-kinase ) from various tissues whereas inhibitory effects of t4 and t3 on other protein kinases such as protein kinase c , camp-dependent protein kinase , casein kinase i , casein kinase ii and calmodulin kinase ii were much weaker . | NA | {
"id": "C0027120",
"name": "myosin",
"pos": [
74,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0006776",
"name": "calmodulin kinase",
"pos": [
299,
316
]
} |
the transient rise in plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids after single-dose ingestion of fish oil as triacylglycerols , free acids , or ethyl esters with linseed oil as an absorption standard was used to determine the relative absorption of fish oil fatty acids in eight men . | NA | {
"id": "C0028908",
"name": "oil",
"pos": [
93,
96
]
} | {
"id": "C0016157",
"name": "fish oil",
"pos": [
240,
248
]
} |
the distribution of antigenic epitopes on the sequence shows that these structural modifications involve epitopes related to monomer-monomer interfaces . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigenic",
"pos": [
20,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
105,
113
]
} |
demonstration of insulin-like growth factor ( igf-i and -ii ) receptors and binding protein in human breast cancer cell lines . | NA | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "insulin-like growth factor",
"pos": [
17,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0021665",
"name": "igf-i",
"pos": [
46,
51
]
} |
in the present study , normal and affected fibroblasts were labeled with [ 35s ] methionine , and cell homogenates or subcellular fractions from percoll gradients were immunoprecipitated with polyclonal antibodies to lysosomal n-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase ( hex ) ; | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
43,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
121,
125
]
} |
the molecular weight difference was apparently due to impaired proteolytic processing of alpha-chain in affected fibroblasts , since treatment of immunoprecipitated alpha-chain from normal and affected cells with neuraminidase and endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase h failed to resolve the molecular weight difference . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
113,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
202,
207
]
} |
we have developed a highly sensitive method of dna dot-blotting hybridization to detect host-derived dna ( nuclear dna and plasmid dna ) in a recombinant product . | NA | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
4,
5
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
131,
134
]
} |
the results suggest that the dexamethasone-induced inhibition of collagen production is primarily due to decreased levels of functional procollagen mrna , possibly resulting from receptor-mediated inhibition of the gene expression on the transcriptional level . | NA | {
"id": "C0009325",
"name": "collagen",
"pos": [
65,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0033235",
"name": "procollagen",
"pos": [
136,
147
]
} |
the radical reacted with o2 at a rate comparable to those of the nitroimidazoles misonidazole and metronidazole . | NA | {
"id": "C0028179",
"name": "nitroimidazoles",
"pos": [
65,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0026218",
"name": "misonidazole",
"pos": [
81,
93
]
} |
the radical reacted with o2 at a rate comparable to those of the nitroimidazoles misonidazole and metronidazole . | NA | {
"id": "C0028179",
"name": "nitroimidazoles",
"pos": [
65,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0025872",
"name": "metronidazole",
"pos": [
98,
111
]
} |
the dose-response effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachorodibenzo-p-dioxin , 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin , 1,2,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin , 2,3,4,7,8- , 1,2,3,7,9- , and 2,3,4,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran on body weight loss and hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase ( ahh ) and ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase ( erod ) induction were determined in the immature male guinea pig . | NA | {
"id": "C0003927",
"name": "aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase",
"pos": [
251,
279
]
} | {
"id": "C0059735",
"name": "ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase",
"pos": [
292,
320
]
} |
the most toxic congener in this series was 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in which the in vivo ed50 values for ahh and erod induction and body weight loss were 2.8 x 10 ( -10 ) , 9.3 x 10 ( -11 ) and 5.6 x 10 ( -9 ) mol/kg . | NA | {
"id": "C0003927",
"name": "ahh",
"pos": [
116,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0059735",
"name": "erod",
"pos": [
124,
128
]
} |
moreover , there was an excellent linear correlation between in vivo -log ed50 values for body weight loss , ahh and erod induction and the corresponding in vitro -log ec50 data for ahh induction in rat hepatoma cells [ s. safe , chemosphere 16 , 791 ( 1987 ) ] . | NA | {
"id": "C0059735",
"name": "erod",
"pos": [
117,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0003927",
"name": "ahh",
"pos": [
182,
185
]
} |
this pattern of pharmacological response distinguishes nt from all other neuropeptides which have been shown to be influenced by prolonged antipsychotic drug administration . | NA | {
"id": "C0027930",
"name": "nt",
"pos": [
55,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0027895",
"name": "neuropeptides",
"pos": [
73,
86
]
} |
we have examined the effects on the activities of three calmodulin-dependent enzymes ( camp phosphodiesterase , caldesmon kinase and myosin light chain kinase ) of the dihydropyridine ca2+ channel blocker felodipine and three analogues ( p-chloro , oxidized and t-butyl ) exhibiting different pharmacological potencies . | NA | {
"id": "C0012315",
"name": "dihydropyridine",
"pos": [
168,
183
]
} | {
"id": "C0015772",
"name": "felodipine",
"pos": [
205,
215
]
} |
the higher level ( 120 micrograms/ml ) of nitrofurazone in a perfusion medium lacking the glutathione ( gsh ) precursors , glycine , glutamic acid and cysteine , caused a marked increase in bile flow ( from 1.01 +/- 0.07 to 2.33 +/- 1.07 microliters/min/g ) , massive biliary efflux of glutathione disulfide ( gssg ) ( from 0.55 +/- 0.07 to 60.6 +/- 25.4 nmol/min/g ) and a sharp decline in the caval efflux of gsh ( to undetectable levels ) and the tissue level of gsh ( from 5.74 +/- 0.20 to 2.68 +/- 0.13 mumol/g ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0061516",
"name": "gssg",
"pos": [
310,
314
]
} | {
"id": "C0017817",
"name": "gsh",
"pos": [
466,
469
]
} |
cells cultured from inflamed synovial tissue exhibited higher autofluorescence than did control fibroblasts , and displayed exceptional light scatter properties in flow cytometry , indicating changes in cytoplasmic structures . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
0,
5
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
96,
107
]
} |
thirty-five of 70 systemic sclerosis cases had renal tissue available for study : 26 had diffuse cutaneous involvement ( 9 with `` '' renal crisis '' '' and 17 without ) and 9 had limited cutaneous disease ( crest syndrome [ calcinosis , raynaud 's phenomenon , esophageal dysmotility , sclerodactyly , telangiectasias ] ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0206138",
"name": "( crest syndro",
"pos": [
206,
220
]
} | {
"id": "C0006663",
"name": "[ calcinos",
"pos": [
223,
233
]
} |
since in the c1q spba , the c1q molecule is randomly fixed to the solid phase , we can detect not only immune complexes , but also antibodies that react with the collagen part of c1q ; | NA | {
"id": "C0003313",
"name": "immune complexes",
"pos": [
103,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
131,
141
]
} |
one group received the alcohol in a condensed manner each day which caused cyclic blood alcohol concentrations ( bacs ) with high peaks . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "alcohol",
"pos": [
23,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0684262",
"name": "blood alcohol",
"pos": [
82,
95
]
} |
the degree of inhibition on p24 antigen elisa depended on the relative concentrations of viral antigen and anti-p24 antibodies in the mixtures . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
32,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0003342",
"name": "viral antigen",
"pos": [
89,
102
]
} |
eeg-data indicated stabile benzodiazepine-like effects during the complete infusion period of midazolam ( e.g . decrease in alpha activity , increase in sigma , delta 2 and beta 1 activity ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0005064",
"name": "benzodiazepine",
"pos": [
27,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0026056",
"name": "midazolam",
"pos": [
94,
103
]
} |
the effect of the new antiepileptic drug , vigabatrin ( gamma-vinyl gaba ) , on the platelet enzyme , gaba-aminotransferase ( gaba-t ) was investigated in volunteers and patients . | NA | {
"id": "C0048044",
"name": "gamma-vinyl gaba",
"pos": [
56,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
126,
130
]
} |
four different tests diets containing 60 g meat , rice and bread protein , or a replacement of 250 g protein/kg total dietary protein by soya-bean protein from soya-bean flour , soya-bean concentrate or soya-bean isolate , were randomly assigned to the subjects in 2-d periods . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
65,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0012177",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
147,
154
]
} |
studies of the changes in systemic copper metabolism and excretion produced by the intravenous administration of trithiomolybdate in sheep . | NA | {
"id": "C0025519",
"name": "metabolism",
"pos": [
42,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0221102",
"name": "excretion",
"pos": [
57,
66
]
} |
on day 20 , after an overnight fast , half the animals in each group were given glucose by gavage and the 0-30 min rise in blood glucose measured in tail blood . | NA | {
"id": "C0017725",
"name": "glucose",
"pos": [
80,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0005802",
"name": "in blood glucose",
"pos": [
120,
136
]
} |
the spectroscopic properties ( circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence ) of the aromatic amino-acid residues in the two globins indicate that heme removal brings about a larger conformational change in the tetrameric than in the dimeric protein and that the tryptophan residues acquire a more rigid conformation in the tetramer . | NA | {
"id": "C0301713",
"name": "aromatic amino-acid",
"pos": [
86,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C0041249",
"name": "tryptophan",
"pos": [
264,
274
]
} |
it is also suggested that the class i enzymes may belong to a wider family of iron-dependent carboxylic acid hydro-lyases that includes maleate dehydratase and aconitase . | NA | {
"id": "C0020239",
"name": "dehydratase",
"pos": [
144,
155
]
} | {
"id": "C0001156",
"name": "aconitase",
"pos": [
160,
169
]
} |
in addition , the results suggest that the concentration of diacylglycerol and the physical state in which it is presented to the enzyme can affect the apparent selectivity of ethanolaminephosphotransferase for diacylglycerols . | NA | {
"id": "C0043791",
"name": "diacylglycerol",
"pos": [
60,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0012262",
"name": "diacylglycerols",
"pos": [
211,
226
]
} |
a-i-containing lipoproteins ( lp ) : particles with a-ii ( lp ( a-i with a-11 ) ) and particles without a-ii ( lp ( a-i without a-ii ) ) in the plasma of two nonhyperlipidemic a-im carriers were investigated to determine the effect of a-im on these lipoproteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0065058",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
0,
1
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
249,
261
]
} |
in this report , we provide evidence that the lipoprotein ( a ) -specific antigen , apoprotein ( a ) is immunochemically related to plasminogen . | NA | {
"id": "C0065058",
"name": "lipoprotein",
"pos": [
46,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0085833",
"name": "apoprotein",
"pos": [
84,
94
]
} |
induction of site-specific dna breaks by restriction nucleases in isolated nuclei of proliferating cells causes a gradual concentration-dependent liberation of dna from the tight binding to the nuclear matrix . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
27,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
203,
204
]
} |
the pa-i inhibited the tissue-type plasminogen activator , and also that of the two-chain form of urokinase , but not the one-chain form . | NA | {
"id": "C0032144",
"name": "pa",
"pos": [
4,
6
]
} | {
"id": "C0032143",
"name": "tissue-type plasminogen activator",
"pos": [
23,
56
]
} |
surprisingly , several antibody preparations , including allo- and heteroantibodies with high anti-aa1 titers , did not inhibit fertilization in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
23,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0003248",
"name": "heteroantibodies",
"pos": [
67,
83
]
} |
hcg had no effect on nuclear bodies in luteal fibroblasts and endothelial cells or in bovine liver or kidney cells , suggesting that the effect of hcg was cell- and tissue-specific . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
46,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
155,
159
]
} |
the results of studies on thermophilic enzymes obtained in recent years in our laboratory will be summarized , with particular emphasis being placed on those obtained with thermolysin , a stable metalloendopeptidase isolated from bacillus thermoproteolyticus . | NA | {
"id": "C0039815",
"name": "thermolysin",
"pos": [
172,
183
]
} | {
"id": "C1442934",
"name": "metalloendopeptidase",
"pos": [
195,
215
]
} |
a specific structure is proposed that may correspond to ionic lattices as they are known to exist in crystals of small , inorganic electrolytes that exhibit considerable ionic conduction . | NA | {
"id": "C0013832",
"name": "electrolytes",
"pos": [
131,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ionic",
"pos": [
170,
175
]
} |
the role of hydroxyproline in collagen folding : conformational energy calculations on oligopeptides containing proline and hydroxyproline . | NA | {
"id": "C0033382",
"name": "proline",
"pos": [
19,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0020388",
"name": "hydroxyproline",
"pos": [
124,
138
]
} |
cross-reactions of antibodies with different antigens having similar antigenic determinants , exist in ca/mg-endonuclease of such species as man , mouse , rat and cattle . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigens",
"pos": [
45,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "antigenic determinants",
"pos": [
69,
91
]
} |
the results of the studies support the assumption that these signals can be transmitted by oligopeptides ( the products of limited proteolysis ) which are the fragments found in the active sites of many regulatory peptides of the nervous and immune systems . | NA | {
"id": "C0028954",
"name": "oligopeptides",
"pos": [
91,
104
]
} | {
"id": "C0030956",
"name": "peptides",
"pos": [
214,
222
]
} |
[ presence of antibodies specifically reacting with structural proteins of the mammary cancer virus among antibodies found in circulating immune complexes in patients with breast cancer ] . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
14,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0003313",
"name": "circulating immune complexes",
"pos": [
126,
154
]
} |
3h-thymidine was actively incorporated by some fibroblasts and rather often by the cells of both normal and degenerating vessels . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
47,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
83,
88
]
} |
we compared the response of the leukemic cells with primary external signals ( interleukin 2 [ il-2 ] or b cell differentiation factors [ bcdf or il-6 ] ) with their response to secondary inducers ( the phorbol ester ( 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [ tpa ] or the calcium ionophore a23187 ) that circumvent the first part of the signal transduction pathway by directly activating the key enzyme protein kinase c . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
203,
216
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate",
"pos": [
219,
255
]
} |
each molecule is characterized by original metabolic and pharmacokinetic features , which can be compared to those of the reference anthracyclines , doxorubicin and daunorubicin . | NA | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
149,
160
]
} | {
"id": "C0011015",
"name": "daunorubicin",
"pos": [
165,
177
]
} |
idarubicin is transformed into idarubicinol to a high extent , similarly to the transformation of daunorubicin to daunorubicinol , whereas the 13-dihydroderivatives of esorubicin , epirubicin or pirarubicin are present in plasma at lower levels than the parent drugs . | NA | {
"id": "C0020789",
"name": "idarubicin",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0011015",
"name": "daunorubicin",
"pos": [
114,
126
]
} |
epirubicin is the only anthracycline able to form glucuronides , and pirarubicin can be transformed into doxorubicin itself . | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epirubicin",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
105,
116
]
} |
the elimination half-life of epirubicin or esorubicin is similar to that of doxorubicin ( 30 h ) and the elimination half-life of unchanged idarubicin or pirarubicin is shorter ( 15-20 h ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epirubicin",
"pos": [
29,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
76,
87
]
} |
the novel anthracyclines have generally a higher plasma clearance than doxorubicin or daunorubicin , and a higher volume of distribution . | NA | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
71,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0011015",
"name": "daunorubicin",
"pos": [
86,
98
]
} |
verapamil and methoxyverapamil , two phenylalkylamine derivatives , given intraperitoneally , were completely ineffective in preventing sound-induced seizures in dba/2 mice . | NA | {
"id": "C0042523",
"name": "verapamil",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0016986",
"name": "methoxyverapamil",
"pos": [
14,
30
]
} |
the compounds had little or no effects on sarcolemmal na+/k+-atpase , ca2+ atpase or na+/ca2+ exchange , and sulmazole , but not bw a746c , had a small , stimulatory effect on myofibrillar atpase . | NA | {
"id": "C0001479",
"name": "na",
"pos": [
54,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0001473",
"name": "atpase",
"pos": [
189,
195
]
} |
the compounds had little or no effects on sarcolemmal na+/k+-atpase , ca2+ atpase or na+/ca2+ exchange , and sulmazole , but not bw a746c , had a small , stimulatory effect on myofibrillar atpase . | NA | {
"id": "C0001476",
"name": "ca2",
"pos": [
70,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0001473",
"name": "atpase",
"pos": [
189,
195
]
} |
based upon the known selectivities of these isomers for alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes , it is concluded that the rat aorta contains only alpha 1-adrenoceptors while the rabbit saphenous vein possesses predominantly alpha 2-adrenoceptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0034784",
"name": "alpha-adrenoceptor",
"pos": [
56,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0001638",
"name": "alpha 1-adrenoceptors",
"pos": [
135,
156
]
} |
based upon the known selectivities of these isomers for alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes , it is concluded that the rat aorta contains only alpha 1-adrenoceptors while the rabbit saphenous vein possesses predominantly alpha 2-adrenoceptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0034784",
"name": "alpha-adrenoceptor",
"pos": [
56,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0001639",
"name": "alpha 2-adrenoceptors",
"pos": [
213,
234
]
} |
relative affinities of drugs acting at cholinoceptors in displacing agonist and antagonist radioligands : the nms/oxo-m ratio as an index of efficacy at cortical muscarinic receptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0034792",
"name": "cholinoceptors",
"pos": [
39,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0034826",
"name": "muscarinic receptors",
"pos": [
162,
182
]
} |
the steroids interact at the cardiac glycoside site on na , k-atpase and inhibit the enzyme ( the sodium pump ) in cardiac and other tissues . | NA | {
"id": "C0001473",
"name": "atpase",
"pos": [
62,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0001479",
"name": "sodium pump",
"pos": [
98,
109
]
} |
the gastrointestinal hormone , gastrin , was examined for its trophic effect on the growth of colorectal and gastric tumour cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0017182",
"name": "gastrointestinal hormone",
"pos": [
4,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0017151",
"name": "gastrin",
"pos": [
31,
38
]
} |
the responses of adrenocorticotropin ( acth ) , renin , epinephrine and norepinephrine and arterial pressure and heart rate ( hr ) to hypotensive hemorrhage were examined before and 1 h after lesion of the paraventricular nuclei ( pvn ) in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats and 1 day before and 4 days after lesion of the pvn in conscious rats . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
56,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
72,
86
]
} |
the responses of renin , epinephrine , norepinephrine and mean arterial blood pressure ( mabp ) and hr to hemorrhage were not affected 1 h or 4 days after pvn lesion . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
25,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
39,
53
]
} |
we conclude that the pvn are part of a neural pathway involved in acth regulation during perturbations of the cardiovascular system and on weight gain and that pvn lesions have little or no effect on resting or stimulated ( hemorrhage ) levels of renin , epinephrine , norepinephrine , hr and mabp or on the baroreceptor reflex . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
255,
266
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
269,
283
]
} |
two forms of the soluble calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type ii can be isolated from rat brain : one oligomeric enzyme complex contains the alpha and beta subunits of the enzyme , whereas the other oligomeric species is comprised of a constant ratio of the subunits of the kinase and tubulin in the presence of several other minor polypeptides . | NA | {
"id": "C0026741",
"name": "enzyme complex",
"pos": [
117,
131
]
} | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
176,
182
]
} |
preliminary results suggest that d-dopa is converted to dopamine via transamination and/or d-amino acid oxidation to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvic acid which upon further transamination gives rise to l-dopa and hence dopamine . | NA | {
"id": "C0013023",
"name": "d-dopa",
"pos": [
33,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0023570",
"name": "l-dopa",
"pos": [
197,
203
]
} |
this analgesic effect was significantly reduced ( but not abolished ) by systemic pretreatment with ( - ) -naloxone or naltrexone but not ( + ) -naloxone . | NA | {
"id": "C0027360",
"name": "naltrexone",
"pos": [
119,
129
]
} | {
"id": "C0027358",
"name": "naloxone",
"pos": [
145,
153
]
} |
all enteric glial cells bind antibodies to the calcium-binding protein s100 , and the a2b5 monoclonal antibody and ca . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
29,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibody",
"pos": [
91,
110
]
} |
antibodies to the glycoprotein thy-1 and the monoclonal antibody a2b5 which recognizes gangliosides , labelled the cell surface of all enteric neurons in enriched cultures while subpopulations of the neurons expressed the leu 7 carbohydrate epitope , the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine and the neuropeptides substance p , methionine-enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibody",
"pos": [
45,
64
]
} |
all purified enteric glia continue to express the calcium binding protein s100 , the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin and the antigens recognized by the a2b5 antibody , and subpopulations of glia are labelled by the monoclonal antibodies lb1 which binds to gd3 gangliosides , and leu 7 . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
164,
172
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibodies",
"pos": [
222,
243
]
} |
the specific labeling of opioid receptor-related polypeptides was compared in two cell lines which differ in their opioid receptor population : sk-n-sh which contains predominantly mu-type opioid receptors , and ng-108-15 , which contains exclusively delta-type opioid receptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0034801",
"name": "opioid receptor",
"pos": [
25,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0066908",
"name": "mu",
"pos": [
181,
183
]
} |
the specific labeling of opioid receptor-related polypeptides was compared in two cell lines which differ in their opioid receptor population : sk-n-sh which contains predominantly mu-type opioid receptors , and ng-108-15 , which contains exclusively delta-type opioid receptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0034801",
"name": "opioid receptor",
"pos": [
25,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0140057",
"name": "delta",
"pos": [
251,
256
]
} |
the effect of the endogenous opioid peptides , methionine-enkephalin ( met-enk ) , beta-endorphin ( beta-end ) and dynorphin- ( 1-17 ) ( dyn ) on the aversive behavior produced by intrathecal ( i.t . ) administration of substance p ( sp ) was studied in mice . | NA | {
"id": "C0205753",
"name": "endogenous opioid peptides",
"pos": [
18,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0013355",
"name": "dynorphin",
"pos": [
115,
124
]
} |
these results suggest that opioid peptides , particularly enkephalin neurons in the spinal cord influence sp-induced aversive behaviour . | NA | {
"id": "C0205753",
"name": "opioid peptides",
"pos": [
27,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
58,
68
]
} |
proinsulin was about 100 times less potent in stimulating phosphorylation of the artificial substrate poly ( glu , tyr ) 4:1 when compared to insulin in accordance with its lower binding affinity to the insulin receptor . | NA | {
"id": "C0033362",
"name": "proinsulin",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
203,
210
]
} |
rats were injected into the peritoneal cavity with ethanol plus either a barbiturate ( pentobarbital ) or a non-barbiturate ( ketamine hydrochloride ) anesthetic . | NA | {
"id": "C0030883",
"name": "pentobarbital",
"pos": [
87,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0004745",
"name": "barbiturate",
"pos": [
112,
123
]
} |
the effects of inhibitory ( gamma-aminobutyric acid ( gaba ) and glycine ) and excitatory ( l-glutamate and dl-homocysteate , dlh ) amino acids on the excitability of respiratory bulbospinal neurons were studied in decerebrate , paralyzed , bilaterally vagotomized , artificially ventilated cats . | NA | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "glycine",
"pos": [
65,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
132,
143
]
} |
extracellular recordings from neurones in the cat 's primary somatosensory cortex ( s1 ) have been made with carbon fibre-filled multibarrel pipettes used for microiontophoresis . gamma-aminobutyric acid ( gaba ) and baclofen elevated the thresholds to tactile and airpuffer stimulation , reduced the sizes of cutaneous receptive fields ( rfs ) , depressed spontaneous activity and decreased the magnitudes of thalamically evoked responses . | NA | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gamma-aminobutyric acid",
"pos": [
180,
203
]
} | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
217,
225
]
} |
however , the manner in which baclofen produced its alterations in response properties could be differentiated from that of gaba in several respects . | NA | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
30,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
124,
128
]
} |
specifically , responses which reflected spatially integrated driving of cutaneous rfs across peripheral and central regions were suppressed more readily by gaba than by baclofen . | NA | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
157,
161
]
} | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
170,
178
]
} |
in contrast , in frontal cortex , rh sites were not altered by 400 microm gtp or 100 microm 5'-guanylyl-imidodi-phosphate ( gpp ( nh ) p ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0018353",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
74,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0018366",
"name": "gpp ( nh ) p",
"pos": [
124,
136
]
} |
the amiloride-sensitive component ii also showed anion influence but the influence was different from that for component i . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
49,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0021966",
"name": "i",
"pos": [
121,
122
]
} |
myelin proteins are degraded by mast cell proteases and myelin basic protein and p2 can stimulate mast cell degranulation . | NA | {
"id": "C0026972",
"name": "myelin proteins",
"pos": [
0,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0014063",
"name": "myelin basic protein",
"pos": [
56,
76
]
} |
relatively high ( 10 microm ) concentrations of mk-801 had no effects on quisqualic acid , alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid ( ampa ) , or kainic acid stimulated efflux . | NA | {
"id": "C0022266",
"name": "isoxazole",
"pos": [
122,
131
]
} | {
"id": "C0051318",
"name": "ampa",
"pos": [
151,
155
]
} |
aii excitation of shr neurons was blocked or antagonized by simultaneous application of saralasin , evoked at significantly lower thresholds and displayed exaggerated periods of postactivity compared to ovlt neurons in preparations taken from wky controls . | NA | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "aii",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0036193",
"name": "saralasin",
"pos": [
88,
97
]
} |
the monoclonal rat antiserum recognized principally sp , but also exhibited cross-reactivity with certain other tachykinins such as substance k . | NA | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "sp",
"pos": [
52,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinins",
"pos": [
112,
123
]
} |
the monoclonal rat antiserum recognized principally sp , but also exhibited cross-reactivity with certain other tachykinins such as substance k . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinins",
"pos": [
112,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0038581",
"name": "substance k",
"pos": [
132,
143
]
} |
we conclude that in the rat nucleus accumbens sp or a closely related tachykinin subserves principally inhibitory functions at postsynaptic sites as indicated by the prominence of symmetric junctions . | NA | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "sp",
"pos": [
46,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
70,
80
]
} |
the abundance of axonic associations and sparsity of convergent input from th- and sp-labeled terminals at closely spaced sites on dendrites supports the concepts that a sp-like tachykinin also may modulate the release of dopamine through direct or indirect presynaptic mechanisms . | NA | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "sp",
"pos": [
41,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
178,
188
]
} |
micropressure application of aii , its competitive antagonist saralasin , and l-glutamate revealed that neurons in this region of shr were significantly more sensitive to aii than cells in age-matched wky preparations . | NA | {
"id": "C0036193",
"name": "saralasin",
"pos": [
62,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "aii",
"pos": [
171,
174
]
} |
according to the serum and/or urinary levels of certain markers for bone metabolism , the increases of ca and p in the serum and ca , p , and gamma-carboxyglutamate ( gla ) in the urine were observed in rats given 10 mg cpz/kg of their body weight , whereas the amount of alkaline phosphatase ( alp ) activity , ionized ca , calcitonin , 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 ( 25 ( oh ) d3 ) , 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 ( 1,25 ( oh ) 2d3 ) , and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 ( 24,25 ( oh ) 2d3 ) as clearly or slightly reduced , suggesting the inhibitory effect of their bone formation . | NA | {
"id": "C0006657",
"name": "25-hydroxyvitamin d3",
"pos": [
338,
358
]
} | {
"id": "C2713074",
"name": "25 ( oh ) d3",
"pos": [
361,
373
]
} |
a review of hospital medical charts , the patient lists of the medical genetics and myelomeningocele clinics at alberta children 's hospital and data from the canadian congenital anomalies surveillance system revealed the annual birth prevalence rate of neural tube defects in southern alberta in 1970-81 to be 1.62/1000 total births . | NA | {
"id": "C0025312",
"name": "myelomeningocele",
"pos": [
84,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0027794",
"name": "neural tube",
"pos": [
254,
265
]
} |
there was no significant variation in the annual rates of spina bifida , encephalocele or all neural tube defects combined over the study period . | NA | {
"id": "C0080178",
"name": "spina bifida",
"pos": [
58,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0027794",
"name": "neural tube",
"pos": [
94,
105
]
} |
the major groups of medications already used by the patients included diuretics , vitamins and minerals , nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs , cardiovascular medications , insulin and oral hypoglycemics , estrogen and thyroid hormone replacement , and antibiotics . | NA | {
"id": "C0012798",
"name": "diuretics",
"pos": [
70,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0007220",
"name": "cardiovascular",
"pos": [
144,
158
]
} |
sixty-nine patients had squamous cell carcinoma , four had adenocarcinoma , one had sarcoma , one had mucoepidermoid carcinoma , and five had undifferentiated tumors . | NA | {
"id": "C0001418",
"name": "adenocarcinoma",
"pos": [
59,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0206694",
"name": "mucoepidermoid carcinoma",
"pos": [
102,
126
]
} |
seven malignant tumors of the upper lip were as follows : four adenoid cystic carcinomas , two acinic cell carcinomas , and one adenocarcinoma . | NA | {
"id": "C0010606",
"name": "adenoid cystic carcinomas",
"pos": [
63,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0001418",
"name": "adenocarcinoma",
"pos": [
128,
142
]
} |
immunoprecipitation of phosphorylated cytosolic protein products with mab 76 and subsequent analysis on sds containing polyacrylamide gels revealed a single 38 kda band , indicating that the 76 kda antigen is associated with a 38 kda phosphoprotein species . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
48,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0031689",
"name": "phosphoprotein",
"pos": [
234,
248
]
} |
previously , we have shown that a subgenomic fraction , which we called ta dna ( 'tumor-activated dna ' ) was preferentially expressed in all human tumor cells ( hanania et al. , proc . natl . acad . sci . u.s.a. , 78 ( 1981 ) 6504-6508 ; hanania et al , embo j. , 2 ( 1983 ) 1621-1624 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
75,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0012930",
"name": "tumor",
"pos": [
148,
153
]
} |
in an attempt to find out the relation of polyamine to carcinomatous tissues , it has been found that putrescine , cadaverine , spermine and spermidine concentrations in breast , rectal and squamous cell carcinomatous tissues , analysed under the present experiment , increased unequivocally . | NA | {
"id": "C0034170",
"name": "putrescine",
"pos": [
102,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C0037871",
"name": "concentrations",
"pos": [
152,
166
]
} |
in an attempt to find out the relation of polyamine to carcinomatous tissues , it has been found that putrescine , cadaverine , spermine and spermidine concentrations in breast , rectal and squamous cell carcinomatous tissues , analysed under the present experiment , increased unequivocally . | NA | {
"id": "C0037874",
"name": "spermine",
"pos": [
128,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C0037871",
"name": "concentrations",
"pos": [
152,
166
]
} |
in lc3 cells , periodate-oxidized adenosine , 3-deaza-adenosine and 3-deaza- ( +/- ) aristeromycin reduced the intracellular ratio of s-adenosylmethionine/s-adenosylhomocysteine approximately 20- , 6- and 16-fold , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
34,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0036002",
"name": "s-adenosylmethionine",
"pos": [
134,
154
]
} |
in murine b16 melanoma cells , periodate-oxidised adenosine , 3-deaza-adenosine and 3-deaza- ( +/- ) aristeromycin reduced the intracellular ratio of s-adenosylmethionine/s-adenosylhomocysteine approximately 17- , 13- and 32-fold , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
50,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0036002",
"name": "s-adenosylmethionine",
"pos": [
150,
170
]
} |
the resistant cells contained at least 100-fold higher levels of odc mrna but the half-life of odc ( about 45 min ) was not altered significantly . | NA | {
"id": "C0007054",
"name": "odc",
"pos": [
65,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0029282",
"name": "odc",
"pos": [
95,
98
]
} |
protein kinetics , nitrogen balance , tumor kinetics , fractional synthetic rates of individual tissues , and albumin synthesis were compared in male sprague-dawley rats ( 125-145 g ) that had either s.c . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
110,
117
]
} |
preincubation of the cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate , a protein kinase c-activating phorbol ester , inhibited the formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine-induced rise in intracellular calcium in a time- and concentration-dependent manner . | NA | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "phorbol",
"pos": [
32,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
96,
109
]
} |
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