text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
although the mechanisms by which alterations in lipid and lipoproteins affect atherogenesis are not fully understood , epidemiologic studies clearly associate alterations with risk of coronary heart disease . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
48,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
58,
70
]
} |
mass spectra of the trifluoroacetyl esters of the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol , diacetoxyscirpenol and t-2 toxin , as well as zearalenone , were obtained by gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometry . | NA | {
"id": "C0040952",
"name": "trichothecenes",
"pos": [
50,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0039185",
"name": "t-2 toxin",
"pos": [
105,
114
]
} |
testosterone production of percoll-purified leydig cells was similarly stimulated ( about 50-100 % ) by a gnrh agonist ( buserelin , maximum effect at concentration of 10 ( -9 ) mol/l and above ) and a tumor promoting phorbol ester , 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ( tpa , maximum effect at 10 ( -8 ) mol/l ) , which is known to activate pk-c . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
218,
231
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate",
"pos": [
234,
270
]
} |
the activity of a ca2+- and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase ( s ) which catalyzes hyperphosphorylation of a set of endogenous proteins , including a 95-kda soluble phosphoprotein , is found to fluctuate in both the meiotic and mitotic cell cycles of xenopus oocytes and activated eggs . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
58,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0031689",
"name": "phosphoprotein",
"pos": [
177,
191
]
} |
the counterregulatory hormone responses of cortisol , growth hormone , glucagon , epinephrine , norepinephrine , and dopamine to a fixed hypoglycemic stimulus ( 50 mg/dl for 1 h ) were studied in five type i ( insulin-dependent ) diabetic subjects during conventional insulin therapy ( ct ) , after 3 mo of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ( sc ) , and after 3 mo of continuous intravenous insulin infusion ( iv ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
82,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
96,
110
]
} |
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( niddm ) during pregnancy in pima indian women results in offspring who have a higher prevalence of niddm ( 45 % ) at age 20-24 yr than in offspring of nondiabetic women ( 1.4 % ) or offspring of prediabetic women ( 8.6 % ) , i.e. , women who developed diabetes only after the pregnancy . | NA | {
"id": "C0011849",
"name": "niddm",
"pos": [
42,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0362046",
"name": "prediabetic",
"pos": [
237,
248
]
} |
with biochemical and enzymatic treatment of frozen sections of pancreas , we have previously shown that cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies ( icas ) react with carbohydrate determinants of islet cell glycoconjugates . | NA | {
"id": "C0007004",
"name": "carbohydrate",
"pos": [
158,
170
]
} | {
"id": "C0017906",
"name": "glycoconjugates",
"pos": [
198,
213
]
} |
as a first step toward purifying these glycoconjugates , human pancreas tissue was extracted in a mixture of chloroform and methanol , and the glycolipids were obtained by effecting a folch partition . | NA | {
"id": "C0017906",
"name": "glycoconjugates",
"pos": [
39,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0017950",
"name": "glycolipids",
"pos": [
143,
154
]
} |
quantitative contributions of the direct and indirect pathways to liver glycogen formation from a glucose load have been estimated from 1 ) the distribution of label in glycogen formed from specifically carbon-labeled loads of glucose , 2 ) the specific activity of the glycogen compared with that of the circulating glucose , 3 ) the 3h:14c ratios in glycogen formed from loads specifically labeled with 3h and 14c , 4 ) the incorporation of 3h from 3h2o into the glycogen , and 5 ) the balance of glucogenic substrates across the splanchnic bed . | NA | {
"id": "C0023902",
"name": "liver glycogen",
"pos": [
66,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0017911",
"name": "glycogen",
"pos": [
465,
473
]
} |
the thomsen-friedenreich ( t ) antigen and its disaccharide component gal beta 1,3galnac , which is recognized by the plant lectin peanut agglutinin ( pna ) , have been proposed as useful tumor markers because of their apparently specific occurrence in certain types of carcinomas . | NA | {
"id": "C0304052",
"name": "plant lectin",
"pos": [
118,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0070198",
"name": "peanut agglutinin",
"pos": [
131,
148
]
} |
although the appearance of larger oligosaccharides continues to increase , the appearance of labeled disaccharide levels off within an hour . | NA | {
"id": "C0028959",
"name": "oligosaccharides",
"pos": [
34,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0012611",
"name": "disaccharide",
"pos": [
101,
113
]
} |
analysis of intracellular vs. cell surface-labeled oligosaccharides showed that all disaccharide synthesized more than an hour before reaching the cell surface is converted to larger oligosaccharides . | NA | {
"id": "C0012611",
"name": "disaccharide",
"pos": [
84,
96
]
} | {
"id": "C0028959",
"name": "oligosaccharides",
"pos": [
183,
199
]
} |
gastric leiomyoblastomas are rare tumors between leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas in terms of their malignant potential . | NA | {
"id": "C0086533",
"name": "leiomyoblastomas",
"pos": [
8,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0023267",
"name": "tumors",
"pos": [
34,
40
]
} |
similar to native somatostatin , serosal addition of this compound inhibits electrogenic anion secretion and stimulates neutral sodium and chloride absorption . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
89,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0008203",
"name": "chloride",
"pos": [
139,
147
]
} |
this receptor is specific for molecules that interact with rat secretory component , e.g. , rat dimeric iga and igm and human polymeric iga but not human monomeric iga or rat secretory iga . | NA | {
"id": "C0036538",
"name": "secretory component",
"pos": [
63,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0020838",
"name": "secretory iga",
"pos": [
175,
188
]
} |
this receptor is specific for molecules that interact with rat secretory component , e.g. , rat dimeric iga and igm and human polymeric iga but not human monomeric iga or rat secretory iga . | NA | {
"id": "C0020835",
"name": "iga",
"pos": [
104,
107
]
} | {
"id": "C0020838",
"name": "secretory iga",
"pos": [
175,
188
]
} |
a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma antidiuretic hormone ( plasma arginine vasopressin , pavp ) concentrations in a conscious desert-adapted mammal , the banner-tailed kangaroo rat ( dipodomys spectabilis ; 131 +/- 2.3 g body mass ) , during normal hydration and in response to progressive dehydration . | NA | {
"id": "C0042413",
"name": "antidiuretic hormone",
"pos": [
69,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0003779",
"name": "arginine vasopressin",
"pos": [
99,
119
]
} |
a study using an iodinated [ d-ser ( tbu ) 6 , pro9-nhet ] lh-rh ( buserelin ) , demonstrated the presence of a single class of high-affinity ( kd = 2.90 nm ) , high-capacity lh-rh binding sites in pituitaries obtained from sexually mature male and female winter flounder . | NA | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
59,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0006456",
"name": "buserelin",
"pos": [
67,
76
]
} |
displacement curves for unlabeled buserelin and other preparations of mammalian and fish lh-rh , but a lack of competition for structurally unrelated peptide hormones , indicated the hormone specific nature of the fish pituitary lh-rh receptor preparation . | NA | {
"id": "C0006456",
"name": "buserelin",
"pos": [
34,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
229,
234
]
} |
compared with native mammalian lh-rh and salmon lh-rh , buserelin and an analog of salmon lh-rh , [ d-arg6 , trp7 , leu8 , pro9-nhet ] lh-rh , had significantly higher binding affinities for the flounder pituitary receptor correlating with results of previous studies demonstrating the superagonist biological activity of lh-rh analogs in trout and goldfish . | NA | {
"id": "C0006456",
"name": "buserelin",
"pos": [
56,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
322,
327
]
} |
heterogeneity in determinants of familial resemblance of lipid and lipoprotein levels between populations in north america and israel was investigated using path analysis . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
57,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoprotein",
"pos": [
67,
78
]
} |
derivatives in which the copia element is replaced precisely by a solo long terminal repeat ( sltr ) were generated in vitro and returned to the germline by p-element mediated transformation ; | NA | {
"id": "C0013879",
"name": "element",
"pos": [
31,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0031705",
"name": "p-element",
"pos": [
157,
166
]
} |
rare variants of blood proteins occur , due to mutations ( mutant alleles ) in monomorphic loci encoding various proteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0005832",
"name": "blood proteins",
"pos": [
17,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
113,
121
]
} |
cloned alpha-satellite dna sequences were used to evaluate the specificity and possible variability of repetitive dna in constitutive heterochromatin of human chromosomes . | NA | {
"id": "C0012934",
"name": "satellite dna",
"pos": [
13,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
114,
117
]
} |
nine cases of esotropia occurring in deprivation amblyopia , where exotropia rather than esotropia is usually found , showed a refractive error of hypermetropia . | NA | {
"id": "C0034951",
"name": "refractive error",
"pos": [
127,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0020490",
"name": "hypermetropia",
"pos": [
147,
160
]
} |
in contrast , hydroxyl radical generating systems appear to complex with dna and produce the hydroxyl radical in the immediate vicinity of the dna , producing a type of dna damage that is called site specific . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
73,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
189,
190
]
} |
thus , addition of a radical to a dna base may require all three features possessed by the hydroxyl radical : high electrophilicity , high thermokinetic reactivity , and a mechanism for production near dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a dna",
"pos": [
32,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
202,
205
]
} |
the addition of amino acids ( glycine or glutamic acid ) stimulated growth in e. coli and inhibited in s. typhi in the presence of aflatoxin b1 . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
16,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "glycine",
"pos": [
30,
37
]
} |
the characteristics of the chromosome abnormalities observed suggest the existence of a certain degree of chromosome instability in these cases , that could be a predisposing factor for the development of malignancies . | NA | {
"id": "C0008626",
"name": "of",
"pos": [
20,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C1257806",
"name": "chromosome instability",
"pos": [
106,
128
]
} |
by examining b-cells from patients with various lymphoproliferative diseases the developmental hierarchy of the ig gene rearrangements could be confirmed with one notable exception : in a patient with igd/lambda-plasmocytoma we found the kappa genes in germ line configuration . | NA | {
"id": "C0024314",
"name": "lymphoproliferative diseases",
"pos": [
48,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0032131",
"name": "plasmocytoma",
"pos": [
212,
224
]
} |
amongst the supernatants from pbmnc , only those which were obtained from cells activated with ifn-gamma or -alpha stimulated monocytes/macrophages to produce neopterin . | NA | {
"id": "C1321301",
"name": "pbmnc",
"pos": [
30,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
74,
79
]
} |
the results showed that lps , dxs , and the combination of lps and dxs stimulate 1 in 27 , less than 1 in 500 and 1 in 15 nucleated spleen cells of balb/c mice to proliferation and differentiation into a clone of ig-secreting cells , respectively , indicating that these mitogens have a synergistic effect on b cells at the precursor cell level . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
139,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C0018956",
"name": "precursor cell",
"pos": [
324,
338
]
} |
different requirements for the induction of antibody-dependent and immune complexes triggered cytotoxicity mediated by monocytes . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
44,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0003313",
"name": "immune",
"pos": [
67,
73
]
} |
in a sample of 97 hiv-1 seropositive persons which comprised 34 patients with aids , 30 patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy or with aids related complex and 33 persons who were without symptoms and called `` '' healthy '' '' , three genetic marker systems were examined : 1 ) gc , the group-specific component of serum which is identical with the vitamin d binding protein ( dbp ) of serum , 2 ) orm , the acute phase protein orosomucoid = alpha-1-acid glycoprotein of serum , and 3 ) a2hs , the alpha-2-as glycoprotein of serum . | NA | {
"id": "C0001347",
"name": "e acute phase prote",
"pos": [
421,
440
]
} | {
"id": "C0029297",
"name": "= alpha-1-acid glycoprote",
"pos": [
455,
480
]
} |
the relative distribution of fatty acids in total plasma , plasma free fatty acid fractions , and total red blood cell membranes , at rest , were similar to those earlier reported both for the cf patients with pancreatic insufficiency and for the controls . | NA | {
"id": "C0015684",
"name": "fatty acids",
"pos": [
29,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0015688",
"name": "free",
"pos": [
66,
70
]
} |
noradrenaline , adrenaline , homovanillic acid , and vanilmandelic acid were increased in cfs compared with controls mainly during and after the race , which might be a reflection of the heavier working intensity that the cf patients had in comparison with their healthy controls . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
16,
26
]
} |
infectious and parasitic diseases predominated , with scabies , impetigo , and tinea being the most common diagnoses . | NA | {
"id": "C0009450",
"name": "infectious",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0030499",
"name": "parasitic diseases",
"pos": [
15,
33
]
} |
however , when comparable analyses of variance were performed to study the respective contributions of obesity ( as measured by the bmi ) and the absolute amount of abdominal fat ( as measured by the abdominal skinfold ) , most of the variance in serum triglycerides , cholesterol and hdl-cholesterol was explained by abdominal fat alone and not by the bmi . | NA | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
269,
280
]
} | {
"id": "C0023822",
"name": "hdl-cholesterol",
"pos": [
285,
300
]
} |
after cholesterol and hdl-cholesterol scores were adjusted for the effect of triglycerides , the t/e ratio was no longer associated with serum hdl-cholesterol whereas the abdominal skinfold remained significantly correlated with serum hdl-cholesterol concentration ( r = -0.16 , p less than 0.01 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
6,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0023822",
"name": "hdl-cholesterol",
"pos": [
235,
250
]
} |
serum and lipoprotein lipids were measured in sows and fetuses of a genetically obese strain and a lean strain of pigs . | NA | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoprotein",
"pos": [
10,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipids",
"pos": [
22,
28
]
} |
a significant proportion of the dna from s cells irradiated with 10 gy sedimented at speeds ( 350s-700s ) well above the maximum sedimentation speed expected for free sedimenting dna molecules ( smax = 350s ) , indicating the formation of a dna complex . | NA | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
0,
1
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna molecules",
"pos": [
179,
192
]
} |
the average size of the de novo synthesized chains of poly ( adp-ribose ) increases from 11 to 17 adp-ribose units by the second hour after irradiation . | NA | {
"id": "C0032403",
"name": "poly ( adp-ribose",
"pos": [
54,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C0001461",
"name": "adp-ribose",
"pos": [
98,
108
]
} |
with increasing t-butanol concentration more strand breaks are formed than expected from simple homogeneous competition kinetics of poly ( a ) and t-butanol for oh radicals . | NA | {
"id": "C0001977",
"name": "butanol",
"pos": [
18,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0076141",
"name": "t-butanol",
"pos": [
147,
156
]
} |
the causes of these perforations were typhoid enteritis in 23 patients , trauma in 11 , strangulated obstructions in nine , duodenal ulceration in six and non-specific ileitis in one . | NA | {
"id": "C0014335",
"name": "enteritis",
"pos": [
46,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0020877",
"name": "ileitis",
"pos": [
168,
175
]
} |
the dose of paf required to produce necrosis could be reduced to 50 % if the animal was pretreated with bacterial endotoxin ( lipopolysaccharide ) ( 20 micrograms/rat ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0014264",
"name": "bacterial endotoxin",
"pos": [
104,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lipopolysaccharide",
"pos": [
126,
144
]
} |
the cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( camp ) -elevating agents prostaglandin e2 , dibutyryl camp , and theophylline inhibited il-2 production during the early , il-1-dependent programming stage . | NA | {
"id": "C0001455",
"name": "cyclic adenosine monophosphate",
"pos": [
4,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0012054",
"name": "dibutyryl camp",
"pos": [
81,
95
]
} |
aminoglycosides were relatively inactive , for example , gentamicin ( mic range 16-64 mg/l ; mic90 64 mg/l ) , netilmicin ( mic range 16-128 mg/l ; mic90 128 mg/l ) and amikacin ( mic range 32-64 mg/l ; mic90 64 mg/l ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0002556",
"name": "aminoglycosides",
"pos": [
0,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0017436",
"name": "gentamicin",
"pos": [
57,
67
]
} |
the drug therefore appears to be free of enzyme inhibiting or inducing activity , although an effect on other cytochrome p450 isozymes can not be discounted . | NA | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
41,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isozymes",
"pos": [
126,
134
]
} |
the two enzymes thus differed considerably from the chromosomal cephalosporinases , but bore some resemblance to the commonly-encountered plasmid-coded penicillinases , such as tem beta-lactamases . | NA | {
"id": "C0728805",
"name": "cephalosporinases",
"pos": [
64,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0597979",
"name": "beta-lactamases",
"pos": [
181,
196
]
} |
the two enzymes thus differed considerably from the chromosomal cephalosporinases , but bore some resemblance to the commonly-encountered plasmid-coded penicillinases , such as tem beta-lactamases . | NA | {
"id": "C0030841",
"name": "penicillinases",
"pos": [
152,
166
]
} | {
"id": "C0597979",
"name": "beta-lactamases",
"pos": [
181,
196
]
} |
the in-vitro activity of enoxacin was investigated against 305 clinical isolates of neisseria gonorrhoeae , including both penicillinase-producing strains ( ppng ) and non-penicillinase producing strains ( nppng ) , and compared with the activity of cefuroxime , acrosoxacin , spectinomycin , benzylpenicillin and ampicillin . | NA | {
"id": "C0030827",
"name": "benzylpenicillin",
"pos": [
293,
309
]
} | {
"id": "C0002680",
"name": "ampicillin",
"pos": [
314,
324
]
} |
the substitution of the mixture methanol-ethanol-n-butanol ( 4 + 3 + 1 ) for methanol in the alkaline hydrolysis solution makes it now possible to process fatty samples . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
33,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0001963",
"name": "methanol",
"pos": [
77,
85
]
} |
methanol is necessary to solubilize the antioxidant ascorbic acid , and a linear chain alcohol such as n-butanol is necessary to reduce the size of soap micelles so that they can penetrate into the kieselguhr pores . | NA | {
"id": "C0001963",
"name": "methanol",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "alcohol",
"pos": [
87,
94
]
} |
chromatograms of many foods showed 2 peaks of interest due to presence of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide ( fmn ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0035527",
"name": "riboflavin",
"pos": [
74,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C0016388",
"name": "fmn",
"pos": [
113,
116
]
} |
when riboflavin and fmn contents were summed , lc values were comparable to those obtained by the aoac standard procedures . | NA | {
"id": "C0035527",
"name": "riboflavin",
"pos": [
5,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0016388",
"name": "fmn",
"pos": [
20,
23
]
} |
the lit gene product which blocks bacteriophage t4 late gene expression is a membrane protein encoded by a cryptic dna element , e14 . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "gene product",
"pos": [
8,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0025252",
"name": "membrane protein",
"pos": [
77,
93
]
} |
queuosine ( q ) , 7- [ ( 4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-yl ) -amino ) methyl ) -7- deazaguanosine , and q derivatives usually replace guanosine in the anticodon of trnas ( gun ) of eubacteria and of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial trnas of lower and higher eucaryotes except yeasts . | NA | {
"id": "C0028619",
"name": "queuosine",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0018330",
"name": "guanosine",
"pos": [
138,
147
]
} |
amino acid analysis , sequencing , and mass spectrometry allowed the assignment of the extra alanine residues to dialanine or alanylserine cross bridges in the six new stem peptides . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
115,
122
]
} |
the amino acid substitutions resulting from the three site-directed mutations were arg-170 -- -- gln , glu-173 -- -- gln , and arg-220 -- -- gln . | NA | {
"id": "C0061472",
"name": "glu",
"pos": [
103,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0017797",
"name": "gln",
"pos": [
141,
144
]
} |
the sequence identity of r. rubrum thioredoxin to escherichia coli thioredoxin was intermediate to those of the chlorobium thiosulfatophilum and chromatium vinosum proteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0039938",
"name": "thioredoxin",
"pos": [
35,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
164,
172
]
} |
the respective specific activities of catechol 1,2-oxygenase ii ( catechol 1,2-dioxygenase ; ec 1.13.11.1 ) and muconate cycloisomerase ii ( chloromuconate cycloisomerase ; ec 5.5.1.7 ) in crude extracts of chlorobenzoate-grown pseudomonas cells corresponded to about 16 and 11 % of the soluble cell protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0030065",
"name": "oxygenase",
"pos": [
51,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0599874",
"name": "dioxygenase",
"pos": [
79,
90
]
} |
rhizopuspepsin i , with an isoelectric point of 5.1 , had ile-15 , asn-61 , ser-116 , lys-162 , ile-230 , tyr-241 , asp-293 , and glu-325 , whereas rhizopuspepsin ii , with an isoelectric point of 5.8 , had val-15 , lys-61 , asn-116 , ser-162 , val-230 , ser-241 , asn-293 , and gln-325 , the other parts of the two isozymes being identical with each other . | NA | {
"id": "C0061472",
"name": "glu",
"pos": [
130,
133
]
} | {
"id": "C0017797",
"name": "gln",
"pos": [
279,
282
]
} |
rabbit antisera were raised against 78k and 46k proteins , and the two antibodies were specifically reactive with the respective component on immunoblot analysis . | NA | {
"id": "C0020960",
"name": "antisera",
"pos": [
7,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
71,
81
]
} |
the deduced amino acid sequence suggests that the protein consists of two domains : ( a ) an amino-terminal portion that is homologous to certain regions of proteins of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex , and ( b ) a carboxyl-terminal portion that is homologous to beta-d-galactoside-specific lectins isolated from a number of animal tissues . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
50,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lectins",
"pos": [
311,
318
]
} |
there is no significant sequence similarity to the ion-translocating atpases , which form phosphorylated intermediates , such as animal na+ , k+-atpases . | NA | {
"id": "C0001473",
"name": "atpases",
"pos": [
69,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0001479",
"name": "na",
"pos": [
136,
138
]
} |
the role of eukaryotic initiation factor ( eif ) 4b in translation is somewhat uncertain , although it appears to stimulate a variety of activities of eif-4a and eif-4f . | NA | {
"id": "C0058984",
"name": "eif-4a",
"pos": [
151,
157
]
} | {
"id": "C0058989",
"name": "eif-4f",
"pos": [
162,
168
]
} |
using the model rna-dependent atp hydrolysis assay , the ability of eif-4b to stimulate eif-4a and eif-4f was investigated . | NA | {
"id": "C0058984",
"name": "eif-4a",
"pos": [
88,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0058989",
"name": "eif-4f",
"pos": [
99,
105
]
} |
the finding that eif-4a and eif-4b can bind to an mrna ( lacking in secondary structure ) , with essentially the same degree of effectiveness and affinity as would occur for natural mrnas in the presence of eif-4a , eif-4b , and eif-4f , suggests a possible role for eif-4a and eif-4b in both cap-independent and internal initiation . | NA | {
"id": "C0058989",
"name": "eif-4f",
"pos": [
229,
235
]
} | {
"id": "C0058984",
"name": "eif-4a",
"pos": [
267,
273
]
} |
confluent , third passage cultures of rat costochondral growth cartilage ( gc ) or resting zone chondrocytes ( rc ) were incubated with 1,25- ( oh ) 2d3 or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 ( 24,25- ( oh ) 2d3 ) and enzyme specific activity was assayed in the cell layer or in isolated matrix vesicle and plasma membrane fractions . | NA | {
"id": "C0225369",
"name": "chondrocytes",
"pos": [
96,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
252,
256
]
} |
the nonhydrolyzable gtp analog , guanosine 5'-o-thiotriphosphate ( gtp gamma s ) , stimulated ins-1,4,5-p3 formation in a dose-dependent manner with half-maximal effect at 10 ( -7 ) m . | NA | {
"id": "C0018353",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
20,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0079469",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
67,
70
]
} |
dinitrophenol-derivatized beta-glucuronidase ( dnp-beta-glucuronidase ) , a ligand for the mannose receptor , was endocytosed by one population of j774 e clone cells , and mannose-derivatized monoclonal anti-dnp igg ( man-igg ) was internalized by a second set of cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0012466",
"name": "dinitrophenol",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0045511",
"name": "dnp",
"pos": [
208,
211
]
} |
the cellular processing of insulin and insulin receptors was studied using a rat fibroblast cell line that had been transfected with a normal human insulin receptor gene , expressing approximately 500 times the normal number of native fibroblast insulin receptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
235,
245
]
} |
fibroblasts were incubated with radiolabeled insulin at 4 degrees c , and internalization of insulin-receptor complexes was initiated by warming the cells to 37 degrees c . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "the cells",
"pos": [
145,
154
]
} |
several activators of adenylate cyclase , including prostaglandin e1 , forskolin , and cholera toxin , as well as the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine and the camp analog dibutyryl camp , shared the ability to cause a dramatic and sustained increase in il-6 mrna levels in human fs-4 fibroblasts . | NA | {
"id": "C0001455",
"name": "camp",
"pos": [
177,
181
]
} | {
"id": "C0012054",
"name": "dibutyryl camp",
"pos": [
189,
203
]
} |
[ gln3 , ala4 ] igf-i has 4-fold reduced affinity for human serum binding proteins , but is equipotent to higf-i at the types 1 and 2 igf and insulin receptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0021665",
"name": "higf-i",
"pos": [
106,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "igf",
"pos": [
134,
137
]
} |
these studies suggest that , in aqueous solution , apoe is unlike other apolipoproteins in that it contains two independently folded structural domains of markedly different stabilities : an amino-terminal domain and a carboxyl-terminal domain , separated by residues that may act as a hinge region . | NA | {
"id": "C0003595",
"name": "apoe",
"pos": [
51,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0003591",
"name": "apolipoproteins",
"pos": [
72,
87
]
} |
determination of the enterotoxin b mrna and protein levels from a number of toxin-producing strains showed that strains that contained relatively low levels of mrna synthesized low levels of enterotoxin b , whereas strains that carried high levels of enterotoxin b mrna produced relatively high levels of the toxin protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0014372",
"name": "enterotoxin",
"pos": [
21,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0040549",
"name": "toxin",
"pos": [
309,
314
]
} |
treatment of pc12 cells with the protein kinase c activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate alone elevated prepro-npy mrna marginally , but the phorbol ester plus forskolin elicited 20-70-fold increases , which were further enhanced to over 200-fold by dexamethasone and the calcium ionophore a23187 . | NA | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "phorbol",
"pos": [
60,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
144,
157
]
} |
ligand binding showed that ldl2-sepharose 4b columns bound plasma lipoproteins containing apolipoproteins ( a ) , b , and other apolipoproteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0003592",
"name": "apolipoproteins ( a",
"pos": [
90,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0003591",
"name": "apolipoproteins",
"pos": [
128,
143
]
} |
based on these observations , it was concluded that lp ( a ) interacts with ldl2 and other apob-containing lipoproteins which are enriched in triglyceride ; | NA | {
"id": "C0065058",
"name": "lp ( a",
"pos": [
52,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
107,
119
]
} |
such results suggest that lp ( a ) may be involved in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism , could form transient associations with apob-containing lipoproteins in the vascular compartment , and alter the intake by the high affinity apob , e receptor pathway . | NA | {
"id": "C0065058",
"name": "lp ( a",
"pos": [
26,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoprotein",
"pos": [
152,
163
]
} |
methotrexate-induced gene amplification increased the expression of biologically active bovine luteinizing hormone ( blh ) approximately 11-fold after stable transfection of a line of chinese hamster ovary cells with genes encoding dihydrofolate reductase and the alpha and beta subunits of blh . | NA | {
"id": "C0023607",
"name": "luteinizing hormone",
"pos": [
95,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0065261",
"name": "beta subunits",
"pos": [
274,
287
]
} |
these proteins are acidic with pi values between 4.12 and 4.25 and contain large proportions of acidic amino acids ( 19.7 % -22.0 % ) in addition to hydrophobic amino acids ( 37.3 % -38.5 % ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0815040",
"name": "acidic amino acids",
"pos": [
96,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
161,
172
]
} |
an auxin-regulated soybean sequence has been characterized and shown to be induced by the heavy metals cadmium , silver , and copper . | NA | {
"id": "C0347988",
"name": "heavy metals",
"pos": [
90,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0006632",
"name": "cadmium",
"pos": [
103,
110
]
} |
an auxin-regulated soybean sequence has been characterized and shown to be induced by the heavy metals cadmium , silver , and copper . | NA | {
"id": "C0347988",
"name": "heavy metals",
"pos": [
90,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0037125",
"name": "silver",
"pos": [
113,
119
]
} |
an auxin-regulated soybean sequence has been characterized and shown to be induced by the heavy metals cadmium , silver , and copper . | NA | {
"id": "C0347988",
"name": "heavy metals",
"pos": [
90,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0009968",
"name": "copper",
"pos": [
126,
132
]
} |
in the present report , we demonstrate that the most abundant intracellular heavy metal , zinc , can increase the activity of cytosolic protein kinase c . | NA | {
"id": "C0347988",
"name": "heavy metal",
"pos": [
76,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0043481",
"name": "zinc",
"pos": [
90,
94
]
} |
lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase ( lcat ) is a plasma enzyme which catalyzes the transacylation of the fatty acid at the sn-2 position of lecithin to cholesterol forming lysolecithin and cholesteryl ester . | NA | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
9,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0008387",
"name": "cholesteryl ester",
"pos": [
191,
208
]
} |
in contrast , the phorbol ester , 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ( tpa ) , stimulated redistribution to the membrane without return to the cytosol . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
18,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate",
"pos": [
34,
70
]
} |
these regions are predicted to be located at the surface of the proteins , as has been proven to be the case in crystallized escherichia coli l12 protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0025252",
"name": "surface",
"pos": [
49,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
146,
153
]
} |
we have studied the substrate specificities of a non-specific activator protein on the enzymatic hydrolyses of the following compounds : gm1 and gm2 , as well as several of their derivatives including oligosaccharides , ggose3cer-ii3-sulfate and laccer-ii3-sulfate , gb-ose3cer and gbose4cer , three neolacto-series glycosphingolipids , and two non-ceramide glycolipids . | NA | {
"id": "C0017978",
"name": "glycosphingolipids",
"pos": [
316,
334
]
} | {
"id": "C0017950",
"name": "glycolipids",
"pos": [
358,
369
]
} |
the evidence of non-specificity was the ability of this activator protein to stimulate the hydrolyses of glycolipids , regardless of glycosphingolipids or non-ceramide glycolipids , carried out by glycosidases from animals , plants , and microorganisms . | NA | {
"id": "C0017978",
"name": "glycosphingolipids",
"pos": [
133,
151
]
} | {
"id": "C0017950",
"name": "glycolipids",
"pos": [
168,
179
]
} |
substitutions of aspartic acid , glutamine , histidine , and leucine for glutamic acid at position 219 neither alter the hydrolytic activity of membrane-bound f1 nor the association of f1 with f0 . | NA | {
"id": "C0017797",
"name": "glutamine",
"pos": [
33,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0061472",
"name": "glutamic",
"pos": [
73,
81
]
} |
a new type of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase , which releases basic aminoacyl dipeptides from the nh2-terminal end of oligopeptides , was purified about 2100-fold with 6.8 % recovery from rat brain membranes by column chromatography on cellex d , arg-tyr-ah-sepharose 4b , hydroxylapatite , and sephadex g-75 , after the membranes were solubilized with nonidet p-40 . | NA | {
"id": "C0012512",
"name": "dipeptides",
"pos": [
73,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0028954",
"name": "oligopeptides",
"pos": [
113,
126
]
} |
in the primary culture of human aorta smooth muscle cells , the fractional content of gamma-isoform of vinculin and meta-vinculin was dramatically reduced , and , by the onset of intensive cell division , the proteins could hardly be detected . | NA | {
"id": "C0597298",
"name": "isoform",
"pos": [
92,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
209,
217
]
} |
analysis of photoaffinity label derivatives to probe thyroid hormone receptor in human fibroblasts , gh1 cells , and soluble receptor preparations . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
87,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
105,
110
]
} |
protease so , a cytoplasmic serine protease , was found to degrade the oxidized form of glutamine synthetase to acid-soluble peptides 5-10 times faster than the native glutamine synthetase . | NA | {
"id": "C0030946",
"name": "protease",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0036734",
"name": "serine protease",
"pos": [
28,
43
]
} |
unexpectedly c421s and wild-type iiglc support growth on maltose of escherichia coli zsc112l ( curtis , s. j. , and epstein , w. ( 1975 ) j. bacteriol . 122 , 1189-1199 ) , a strain which otherwise does not grow on this disaccharide as the only carbon source . | NA | {
"id": "C0024658",
"name": "maltose",
"pos": [
57,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0012611",
"name": "disaccharide",
"pos": [
220,
232
]
} |
activation was seen only with the more reactive nitro- , aldehyde- , and acetaldehyde-substituted compounds and not with the amide and chloroanalogues , thus demonstrating the predicted effect with a related series of compounds . | NA | {
"id": "C0001992",
"name": "aldehyde",
"pos": [
57,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0000966",
"name": "acetaldehyde",
"pos": [
73,
85
]
} |
the phosphothreonine residue , which appeared as either an anomalous proline or an unidentifiable phenylthiohydantoin derivative during sequencing , was verified by two-dimensional phosphoamino acid analysis of the phosphopeptides and by resequencing the tryptic peptide after dephosphorylation with exogenous alkaline phosphatase . | NA | {
"id": "C0031684",
"name": "phosphopeptides",
"pos": [
215,
230
]
} | {
"id": "C0030956",
"name": "peptide",
"pos": [
263,
270
]
} |
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