text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
as a first step , to identify a putative site of action , the very potent and stable lhrh agonist ( lhrh-a ) , [ d-ser ( tbu6 ) ] des-gly10-lhrh ethylamide ( buserelin ) , was used as an iodinated ligand to characterize lhrh receptors in a membrane preparation of rat thymus , a key organ of the immune system . | NA | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
85,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0006456",
"name": "buserelin",
"pos": [
158,
167
]
} |
the binding affinity ( ka ) of the membrane receptor of the rat thymus for the lhrh superagonist buserelin was 8.4 x 10 ( 8 ) m-1 , while a higher binding affinity ( ka = 2.8 x 10 ( 9 ) m-1 ) was calculated for the ovarian lhrh-binding site . | NA | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
79,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0006456",
"name": "buserelin",
"pos": [
97,
106
]
} |
ge and its synthetic analog carbenoxolone inhibited the conversion in these systems in a dose-dependent manner . | NA | {
"id": "C0017986",
"name": "ge",
"pos": [
0,
2
]
} | {
"id": "C0006979",
"name": "carbenoxolone",
"pos": [
28,
41
]
} |
in mature cycling rats , the proestrous uteri showed the lowest level of [ 125i ] igf-i binding per mg membrane protein , although because of the greater yield of protein from proestrous uteri , the total [ 125i ] igf-i-binding capacity of these uteri were greater than that of uteri from other stages of the estrous cycle . | NA | {
"id": "C0025252",
"name": "membrane",
"pos": [
103,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
163,
170
]
} |
under resting conditions , adrenal release rates of norepinephrine and epinephrine into the ringer solution were constant . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
52,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
71,
82
]
} |
our results also indicate that amphibian pars intermedia cells possess two types of cholinergic receptors , an m1-muscarinic receptor sensitive to pirenzepine and nicotinic receptors sensitive to hexamethonium and alpha-bungarotoxin . | NA | {
"id": "C0034792",
"name": "cholinergic receptors",
"pos": [
84,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C0034830",
"name": "nicotinic receptors",
"pos": [
163,
182
]
} |
while free igf-i had no effect on thymidine incorporation into dna with bhk-21 cells and only a moderate effect with human fibroblasts under standard conditions , dna synthesis was significantly enhanced with both cell lines if igf-i was complexed with smbp before the experiment . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
79,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
123,
134
]
} |
these proteins , therefore , have the potential to bind igf-i and -ii and modify their ability to interact with specific cell surface receptors in these studies we report the detection of high mol wt , multimeric forms of one form of igf-bp that has been purified from human amniotic fluid . | NA | {
"id": "C0021665",
"name": "igf-i",
"pos": [
56,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "igf",
"pos": [
234,
237
]
} |
cells were prepared from the fourth series of tumors under serum-free medium conditions that prevent fibroblast growth . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
0,
5
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
101,
111
]
} |
previous studies have shown that somatostatin receptors on att-20 and gh3 pituitary tumor cells show relative preference for binding somatostatin-28 ( s-28 ) and somatostatin-14 ( s-14 ) , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0074854",
"name": "somatostatin-28",
"pos": [
133,
148
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin-14",
"pos": [
162,
177
]
} |
cells were incubated with [ 125i-tyr11 ] s-14 , [ 125i-leu8-d-trp22 , tyr25 ] s-28 , and [ 125i-tyr3 ] sms , and the bound ligand was chemically cross-linked with bis- [ 2-succinimido-oxycarbonyloxy ) ethyl ] sulfone , disuccinimidyl suberate , or dithiobis ( succinimidyl propionate ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "s-14",
"pos": [
41,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0074854",
"name": "s-28",
"pos": [
78,
82
]
} |
with both [ 125i-tyr11 ] s-14 and [ 125i-ltt ] s-28 , the 57k protein constituted the major labeled component , representing 70-75 % of the total cross-linked proteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "s-14",
"pos": [
25,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0074854",
"name": "s-28",
"pos": [
47,
51
]
} |
labeling of the three protein species by [ 125i-tyr11 ] s-14 and [ 125i-ltt ] s-28 was inhibited by both s-14 and s-28 in a dose-dependent manner . | NA | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "s-14",
"pos": [
56,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0074854",
"name": "s-28",
"pos": [
114,
118
]
} |
labeling of gh3 cells with [ 125i-tyr11 ] s-14 and [ 125i-ltt ] s-28 revealed three cross-linked proteins of 57k , 42k , and 27k mol wt similar to those observed in att-20 cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "s-14",
"pos": [
42,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0074854",
"name": "s-28",
"pos": [
64,
68
]
} |
in att-20 cells , the 57k protein constitutes the major receptor protein labeled by [ 125i-tyr11 ] s-14 and [ 125i-ltt ] s-28 , whereas the 27k protein is the major species labeled by [ 125i-tyr3 ] sms . | NA | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "s-14",
"pos": [
99,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0074854",
"name": "s-28",
"pos": [
121,
125
]
} |
there is currently widespread interest in the igfs ( igf-i and igf-ii ) and their roles in the regulation of growth and differentiation of an ever increasing number of tissues are being reported . | NA | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "igfs",
"pos": [
46,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0021665",
"name": "igf-i",
"pos": [
63,
68
]
} |
there is currently widespread interest in the igfs ( igf-i and igf-ii ) and their roles in the regulation of growth and differentiation of an ever increasing number of tissues are being reported . | NA | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "igfs",
"pos": [
46,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0021666",
"name": "igf-ii",
"pos": [
63,
69
]
} |
consideration of the serious consequences of impaired thyroid function in young children prompted investigation of the effects of lead on thyroid function in children . | NA | {
"id": "C0728836",
"name": "young children",
"pos": [
74,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0008059",
"name": "children",
"pos": [
158,
166
]
} |
asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrosis is thought to result from a series of cellular interactions involving the alveolar macrophage and the lung fibroblast . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
74,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
143,
153
]
} |
since carbetapentane had an anticonvulsant action without protecting against nmda-induced lethality , these data support the hypothesis that dextromethorphan and carbetapentane may have a common anticonvulsant action separate from the phencyclidine-like , nmda-antagonist action which only dextromethorphan exhibits . | NA | {
"id": "C0004015",
"name": "nmda",
"pos": [
77,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0079883",
"name": "nmda",
"pos": [
256,
260
]
} |
in the present study , members of the moderate seizure ( gepr-3 ) and severe seizure ( gepr-9 ) colonies were tested for susceptibility to sound-induced seizures at 11 different ages ranging from 13 to 45 days post partum . | NA | {
"id": "C0014544",
"name": "gepr",
"pos": [
57,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0036572",
"name": "seizures",
"pos": [
153,
161
]
} |
first , secondary rearing seizures were detected in all gepr-3s exhibiting clonic seizures between day 16 and 21 . | NA | {
"id": "C0036572",
"name": "seizures",
"pos": [
26,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0014544",
"name": "gepr",
"pos": [
56,
60
]
} |
results show that the simultaneous administration of piperazine or chloroquine with sodium nitrite produced urinary mutagens that appeared conjugated as glucuronides , whereas pyrantel pamoate and dehydroemetine in the presence of nitrite caused only slightly mutagenic urine . | NA | {
"id": "C0037532",
"name": "sodium nitrite",
"pos": [
84,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0028137",
"name": "nitrite",
"pos": [
231,
238
]
} |
on changing the phosphorus coordination from four to five via a trigonal bipyramidal geometry in phospholipid model systems , a conformational change is initiated around the c2-c3 linkage caused by enhanced electrostatic repulsion between the atoms o3 and o2 , situated in the axis of the trigonal bipyramid . | NA | {
"id": "C0030106",
"name": "o3",
"pos": [
249,
251
]
} | {
"id": "C0030054",
"name": "o2",
"pos": [
256,
258
]
} |
from the combined data we conclude that each of the four epitopes depends on the precise spatial folding of the antigen and contains residues which are brought together by the folding of the polypeptide chain . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
57,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
112,
119
]
} |
although the concentrations of ddt and cysteine occurring in an organism would be expected to be lower than those in the experiments described , the formation of water-soluble conjugates of ddt metabolites with cysteine ( and other amino acids ) could also play a role in metabolism and excretion of ddt in vivo . | NA | {
"id": "C0025519",
"name": "metabolism",
"pos": [
272,
282
]
} | {
"id": "C0221102",
"name": "excretion",
"pos": [
287,
296
]
} |
the protein comprised 0.0025 % of liver glycogen by mass , 200-fold lower than the glycogenin content of muscle glycogen . | NA | {
"id": "C0023902",
"name": "liver glycogen",
"pos": [
34,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0017911",
"name": "glycogen",
"pos": [
112,
120
]
} |
numerous clinical manifestations of candidiasis have been recognized , including localized infection such as oropharyngeal candidiasis or focal hepatic candidiasis , and disseminated infection resulting from hematogenous spread , with or without documented fungemia . | NA | {
"id": "C0016397",
"name": "localized infection",
"pos": [
81,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0009450",
"name": "infection",
"pos": [
183,
192
]
} |
using 99mtc-albumin scintigraphy in a patient with constrictive pericarditis and a highly positive gordon test ( 35 % albumin elimination in 5 days ) , it was possible to localize the protein loss in the small bowel for planning surgical treatment . | NA | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
12,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
184,
191
]
} |
the tolerance of a recombinant human interleukin-2 ( ril-2 , r-met hu il-2 [ ala-125 ] , ortho pharmaceutical ) and its antitumor effectiveness in combination with lymphokineactivated killer ( lak ) cells was examined in 26 patients with metastatic solid tumors , including 14 renal cell carcinomas , seven melanomas , three extragonadal germ cell tumors refractory to chemotherapy and two colon carcinomas . | NA | {
"id": "C0218986",
"name": "recombinant human interleukin-2",
"pos": [
19,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0021756",
"name": "il-2",
"pos": [
70,
74
]
} |
using monoclonal antibodies that define individual idiotopes ( id ) of t15 , it has been shown that the antibody plaque-forming cells ( pfc ) arise from heterogeneous population of b cells that may express some but not all t15 id . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal",
"pos": [
6,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
104,
112
]
} |
overall these data suggest that , in vivo , macrophage-secreted prostanoids may slow the growth of some lymphomas and that anti-immunoglobulin or anti-idiotype treatment may be more effective in the presence of agents which elevate camp such as e-series pg . | NA | {
"id": "C0033554",
"name": "prostanoids",
"pos": [
64,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0033559",
"name": "e",
"pos": [
251,
252
]
} |
thus , it was shown that kappa receptors are the major subtype of opioid receptor involved in modulation of noradrenaline release in guinea pig cortex , and that 1-pentazocine inhibits the k+-evoked release of noradrenaline through activation of these receptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0064239",
"name": "kappa receptors",
"pos": [
25,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0034801",
"name": "opioid receptor",
"pos": [
66,
81
]
} |
in 14 out of 38 pvn cells tested , sfo stimulation-evoked excitations were abolished by pretreatment with the angiotensin ii ( ang ii ) antagonist , saralasin ( sar ) , in the region of the median preoptic nucleus ( mnpo ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "angiotensin ii",
"pos": [
110,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C0036193",
"name": "saralasin",
"pos": [
149,
158
]
} |
microinjection of ang ii into the region of the sfo produced either a facilitation ( n = 28 ) or no effect ( n = 6 ) on the excitability of phasically active pvn neurosecretory cells and the facilitatory effect of 9 out of 23 cells tested was prevented by pretreatment with sar in the region of the mnpo . | NA | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "ang ii",
"pos": [
18,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0036193",
"name": "sar",
"pos": [
274,
277
]
} |
the voltammetric method used in this study has generated considerable discussion centred on the ability of the multifiber electrodes to measure da alone in vivo , but the results of previous studies have led to the conclusion that changes in the voltammetric signal most probably reflect dopaminergic terminal activity . | NA | {
"id": "C0013030",
"name": "da",
"pos": [
144,
146
]
} | {
"id": "C0282151",
"name": "dopaminergic",
"pos": [
288,
300
]
} |
since the changes in the voltammetric signal recorded with the multifiber electrode mainly reflect dopaminergic terminal activity , the results provide evidence that the intrastriatal da-rich grafts are spontaneously active , and that the grafted da neurons can restore da neuro-transmission in the reinnervated part of the host caudate-putamen to levels which are within the normal range . | NA | {
"id": "C0282151",
"name": "dopaminergic",
"pos": [
99,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0013030",
"name": "da",
"pos": [
332,
334
]
} |
on the basis of these observations , gm1 appears to increase the dopamine content of the striatum by promoting or stimulating regenerative sprouting of dopaminergic terminals and perhaps collateral sprouting from remaining intact fibers in the mptp model of parkinsonism in the young mouse . | NA | {
"id": "C0013030",
"name": "dopamine",
"pos": [
65,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0282151",
"name": "dopaminergic",
"pos": [
152,
164
]
} |
the cdna for a 14 kda human beta-galactoside-binding lectin was inserted into a plasmid carrying a taq promoter , and the lectin protein was expressed in e. coli cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0607430",
"name": "beta-galactoside-binding lectin",
"pos": [
28,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lectin",
"pos": [
122,
128
]
} |
the cdna for a 14 kda human beta-galactoside-binding lectin was inserted into a plasmid carrying a taq promoter , and the lectin protein was expressed in e. coli cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lectin",
"pos": [
53,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
129,
136
]
} |
a method for suppression of virus reproduction in cells using fatty acylated antiviral antibodies , which in contrast to non-modified antibodies are capable of intracellular penetration , has been suggested . | NA | {
"id": "C0003253",
"name": "antiviral antibodies",
"pos": [
77,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
134,
144
]
} |
the hydrogen atom at the alpha-carbon atom of the xaa residue within the xaa-pro moiety was substituted by deuterium . | NA | {
"id": "C0020275",
"name": "hydrogen",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0011744",
"name": "deuterium",
"pos": [
107,
116
]
} |
glu rich and proegf homologous sites are found at the n-terminal site suggesting that it is structurally similar to blood coagulation factors such as ix , x and an anticoagulation factor , protein c . | NA | {
"id": "C0005789",
"name": "blood",
"pos": [
116,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0015491",
"name": "ix",
"pos": [
150,
152
]
} |
charybdotoxin , a short scorpion venom neurotoxin , which was thought to be specific for the blockade of ca2+-activated k+ channels also blocks a class of voltage-sensitive k+ channels that are known to be the target of other peptide neurotoxins from snake and bee venoms such as dendrotoxin and mcd peptide . | NA | {
"id": "C0109278",
"name": "charybdotoxin",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0030956",
"name": "peptide",
"pos": [
300,
307
]
} |
tgf-beta injection induces angiogenesis and fibrosis locally [ ( 1986 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . usa 83 , 4167-4171 ; ( 1987 ) science 237 , 1333-1336 ] and stimulates the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins , fibronectin , collagens , and proteoglycans in vitro in many cell types [ ( 1986 ) j. biol . chem . 261 , 4337-4345 ; ( 1987 ) biochem j . 247 , 597-604 ] . | NA | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "extracellular matrix proteins",
"pos": [
187,
216
]
} | {
"id": "C0016055",
"name": "fibronectin",
"pos": [
219,
230
]
} |
from the lps of salmonella typhimurium having the o antigen 4,5,12 almost all of the o-antigenic sugars ( abe , gal , glc , man , rha ) were liberated in dialysable form , whereas the saccharide chains of salmonella lps with o antigen 6,7 ( man , glc , glcnac ) were resistant to hf . | NA | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lps",
"pos": [
9,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0069180",
"name": "o antigen",
"pos": [
225,
234
]
} |
several ecm proteins such as laminin , tenascin and thrombospondin contain domains with homology to epidermal growth factor ( egf ) and exhibit growth promoting activity . | NA | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "ecm proteins",
"pos": [
8,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0022984",
"name": "laminin",
"pos": [
29,
36
]
} |
several ecm proteins such as laminin , tenascin and thrombospondin contain domains with homology to epidermal growth factor ( egf ) and exhibit growth promoting activity . | NA | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "ecm proteins",
"pos": [
8,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0076088",
"name": "tenascin",
"pos": [
39,
47
]
} |
it is suggested that egf-like domains in laminin , in other ecm proteins and in the extracellular portions of some membrane proteins are signals for cellular growth and differentiation . | NA | {
"id": "C0022984",
"name": "laminin",
"pos": [
41,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "ecm proteins",
"pos": [
60,
72
]
} |
availability of the cdna clone should facilitate investigation into function of the gm2 activator protein and also into genetic abnormalities underlying gm2 gangliosidosis ab variant . | NA | {
"id": "C0268274",
"name": "gm2 gangliosidosis",
"pos": [
153,
171
]
} | {
"id": "C0268275",
"name": "ab variant",
"pos": [
172,
182
]
} |
( ii ) type 2a and type 2c phosphatases accounted for approximately 90 % and approximately 10 % of th phosphatase activity , respectively , in extracts of adrenal medulla and corpus striatum assayed at near physiological free mg2+ ( 1 mm ) , while type 1 and type 2b phosphatases had negligible activity towards th . | NA | {
"id": "C0085536",
"name": "th phosphatase",
"pos": [
99,
113
]
} | {
"id": "C0031678",
"name": "phosphatases",
"pos": [
267,
279
]
} |
( iii ) incubation of adrenal chromaffin cells with okadaic acid increased th phosphorylation by 206 % and activity by 77 % , establishing that type 2a phosphatases play a major role in regulating th in vivo . | NA | {
"id": "C0020364",
"name": "th",
"pos": [
49,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0041491",
"name": "th",
"pos": [
197,
199
]
} |
a pharmacodynamic comparison of human urinary follicle-stimulating hormone and human menopausal gonadotropin in normal women and polycystic ovary syndrome . | NA | {
"id": "C0524639",
"name": "human urinary follicle-stimulating hormone",
"pos": [
32,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0025326",
"name": "human menopausal gonadotropin",
"pos": [
79,
108
]
} |
we performed a pharmacodynamic comparison of human urinary follicle-stimulating hormone ( hfsh ) and human menopausal gonadotropin ( hmg ) to characterize differences in the bioavailability of luteinizing hormone ( lh ) and follicle-stimulating hormone ( fsh ) , as well as to compare estrogen responses in normal women and those with polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0524639",
"name": "human urinary follicle-stimulating",
"pos": [
45,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0025326",
"name": "human menopausal gonadotropin",
"pos": [
101,
130
]
} |
insulin-like growth factor-i and -ii ( igfs ) are believed to play a major role in mammalian postnatal and fetal growth , possibly functioning in local environments which facilitate autocrine or paracrine tissue growth characteristics . | NA | {
"id": "C0021665",
"name": "insulin-like growth factor-i",
"pos": [
0,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "igfs",
"pos": [
39,
43
]
} |
the gtp analogue , guanosine 5'-o- ( 3-thiotriphosphate ) , promoted the release of pertussis toxin substrates from plasma membranes . | NA | {
"id": "C0018353",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
4,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0079469",
"name": "guanosine 5",
"pos": [
19,
30
]
} |
results show that 30 microm 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ( 15-hete ) induces an approximately 3-fold increase in basal hcg secretion , while 5-hete , 12-hete , and leukotriene lta4 have no significant effect . | NA | {
"id": "C0020349",
"name": "hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid",
"pos": [
31,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0044800",
"name": "12-hete",
"pos": [
153,
160
]
} |
results show that 30 microm 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ( 15-hete ) induces an approximately 3-fold increase in basal hcg secretion , while 5-hete , 12-hete , and leukotriene lta4 have no significant effect . | NA | {
"id": "C0023545",
"name": "leukotriene",
"pos": [
167,
178
]
} | {
"id": "C0125631",
"name": "lta4",
"pos": [
179,
183
]
} |
we suggest that phosphoprotein ' a ' is a high energy protein intermediate in which the phosphate is present as a phosphoramidate for the following reasons : ( i ) guanosine diphosphate ( gdp ) but not guanosine 5'-o- ( 2-thiodiphosphate ) selectively accelerated the dephosphorylation of phosphoprotein ' a ' but only in the presence of mg2+ ions . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
23,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0031689",
"name": "phosphoprotein",
"pos": [
289,
303
]
} |
phosphoprotein ' a ' is readily digested by several proteolytic enzymes and a single cleavage peptide is generated upon treatment with staphylococcus aureus v8 protease . | NA | {
"id": "C0030940",
"name": "proteolytic enzymes",
"pos": [
52,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C0030946",
"name": "protease",
"pos": [
160,
168
]
} |
cdnas encoding the major human insulin-responsive glucose transporter have been isolated and indicate that the insulin-responsive glucose transporter expressed by heart , skeletal muscle , and adipose tissue is a 509-amino acid protein having 65.3 , 54.3 , and 57.5 % identity with the erythrocyte/hepg2 , liver , and fetal muscle glucose transporters , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0166441",
"name": "insulin-responsive",
"pos": [
31,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0017742",
"name": "glucose transporters",
"pos": [
331,
351
]
} |
the ability of growth hormone to increase 3h-thymidine incorporation in the presence of 16.7 mmol/l glucose , but not its action on insulin release , was partly inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against sm-c/igf i ( control cultures 100 % ; growth hormone alone 261 +/- 27 % , mean +/- sem ; growth hormone + anti-sm-c/igf i 179 +/- 21 % ; p less than 0.05 , n = 18 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0021665",
"name": "sm-c/igf i",
"pos": [
204,
214
]
} | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "sm-c/igf i",
"pos": [
315,
325
]
} |
the somatostatin effects on pancreatic hormone release may thus be mediated via an inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity . | NA | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0030292",
"name": "pancreatic",
"pos": [
28,
38
]
} |
in 6 normal subjects , the subcutaneous sensor responses mirrored the simultaneously-measured changes in blood glucose concentration after a 75 g oral glucose load and after intravenous injection of 0.15 u/kg short-acting insulin , though increases and decreases in the sensor output were slower than the glycaemic changes . | NA | {
"id": "C0005802",
"name": "in blood glucose",
"pos": [
102,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0017725",
"name": "glucose",
"pos": [
151,
158
]
} |
although the in vivo relevance of this phenomenon requires further study , intermolecular cooperativity in binding of antibody to multivalent antigens , such as bacterial cell wall antigens , could represent an adaptive mechanism for antibodies expressing low intrinsic affinities for highly repeated epitopes . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigens",
"pos": [
142,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C0003321",
"name": "bacterial",
"pos": [
161,
170
]
} |
although the in vivo relevance of this phenomenon requires further study , intermolecular cooperativity in binding of antibody to multivalent antigens , such as bacterial cell wall antigens , could represent an adaptive mechanism for antibodies expressing low intrinsic affinities for highly repeated epitopes . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigens",
"pos": [
142,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
301,
309
]
} |
injections of glutamate plus alanine , two amino acids that are increased in blood after exercise and hormone treatment , caused liver mitochondrial malate to be increased . | NA | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
29,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
43,
54
]
} |
as regard the types of arrhythmias , hyperthyroidism is predominant in patients with atrial fibrillation ( 70 % ) and in those with paroxysmal supra-ventricular reciprocating tachycardia ( 11.5 % ) , but it is also present in patients with hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias ( 14 % ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003811",
"name": "arrhythmias",
"pos": [
23,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0004238",
"name": "atrial fibrillation",
"pos": [
85,
104
]
} |
our study indicates that it is necessary to carry out systematic research of a thyroid dysfunction in all patients with cardiac arrhythmias , especially as regards women , atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal supraventricular reciprocating tachycardia . | NA | {
"id": "C0003811",
"name": "arrhythmias",
"pos": [
128,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0004238",
"name": "atrial fibrillation",
"pos": [
172,
191
]
} |
lysolecithins were bound by clay-containing antacids with the same intensity as cholestyramine , while the binding capacity of aluminium-containing antacids was weaker and related to the final ph . | NA | {
"id": "C0003138",
"name": "antacids",
"pos": [
44,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C1874163",
"name": "aluminium-containing antacids",
"pos": [
127,
156
]
} |
the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis was made 6 years later as based on intrahepatic cholestasis associated with high titer of antimitochondrial antibodies and chronic destructive cholangitis . | NA | {
"id": "C0023892",
"name": "biliary cirrhosis",
"pos": [
25,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0008372",
"name": "intrahepatic cholestasis",
"pos": [
78,
102
]
} |
a low ascitic ph value was correlated with other signs of severe infection ( signs of generalized infection , ongoing infection during the first week after diagnosis ) , with signs of severe liver disease ( encephalopathy , hepatocellular carcinoma ) or severe renal dysfunction ( high serum creatinine level , low arterial ph value ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0243026",
"name": "generalized infection",
"pos": [
86,
107
]
} | {
"id": "C0009450",
"name": "infection",
"pos": [
118,
127
]
} |
finally , the argyrophil-cell hyperplasia occurring in fundic atrophic gastritis with achlorhydria is associated not with the gastritis intensity , as assessed by histologic and secretory criteria , but with a circulating hypergastrinemia and an increase of both fundic histamine content and histidine decarboxylase activity . | NA | {
"id": "C0017154",
"name": "atrophic gastritis",
"pos": [
62,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0017152",
"name": "gastritis",
"pos": [
126,
135
]
} |
the colonic mucosa may be especially vulnerable during starvation and malnutrition , as luminal nutrients make the greatest contribution to its energy production . | NA | {
"id": "C0038187",
"name": "starvation",
"pos": [
55,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0162429",
"name": "malnutrition",
"pos": [
70,
82
]
} |
the probability of gallstone recurrence was significantly higher in subjects with multiple stones before dissolution treatment than in those who had had solitary stones ( p = 0.0091 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0008350",
"name": "gallstone",
"pos": [
19,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0006736",
"name": "stones",
"pos": [
162,
168
]
} |
of particular interest was the detection of an appreciable amount of medium-chain fatty acids in the chyle triglyceride , constituting 20 % of the triglyceride fatty acids when an enteral formulation with medium-chain triglyceride as a sole fat source was administered . | NA | {
"id": "C0041004",
"name": "triglyceride",
"pos": [
107,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0724624",
"name": "medium-chain triglyceride",
"pos": [
205,
230
]
} |
following blotting of the intimal surface of the rat aorta with filter paper , the tissue did not relax to acetylcholine and the contractions to alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists and to the lower concentrations of noradrenaline , adrenaline , phenylephrine and kcl were enhanced . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
210,
223
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
226,
236
]
} |
the increase in 6-keto pgf1 alpha output elicited by 3 nmol of ach or ape was inhibited by 10 nm of classical muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine or by the selective m2 beta muscarinic receptor antagonist 4- ( diphenylacetoxy-n-methyl piperidine ) methiodide ( 4-damp ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0034826",
"name": "muscarinic",
"pos": [
110,
120
]
} | {
"id": "C0384752",
"name": "m2",
"pos": [
170,
172
]
} |
bacteriophage t4 dna ligase effectively joins two adjacent , short synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides ( oligos ) , as guided by complementary oligo , plasmid and genomic dna templates . | NA | {
"id": "C0028948",
"name": "oligodeoxyribonucleotides",
"pos": [
77,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0028953",
"name": "oligo",
"pos": [
143,
148
]
} |
an evolutionary relationship observed among the four cellulases of alkalophilic bacillus strains and that of bacillus subtilis endoglucanase suggested that ancestral genes for alkaline and neutral cellulases diverged early in the evolution of these enzymes . | NA | {
"id": "C0007641",
"name": "endoglucanase",
"pos": [
127,
140
]
} | {
"id": "C1260229",
"name": "cellulases",
"pos": [
197,
207
]
} |
the domain structures of the collagen polypeptides are similar : each polypeptide contains two triple-helix forming ( gly-x-y ) n domains , one of 30-33 amino acids ( aa ) , and the other of 127-132 aa . | NA | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "gly",
"pos": [
118,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "aa",
"pos": [
199,
201
]
} |
the latter domain is interrupted by one to three short ( 2-8 aa ) non- ( gly-x-y ) n segments that occur at relatively conserved locations in each polypeptide . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "aa",
"pos": [
61,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "gly",
"pos": [
73,
76
]
} |
we hypothesized that reperfusion would cause oxidation of gsh and release of gssg as a potential marker of intracellular oxidative reactions . | NA | {
"id": "C0017817",
"name": "gsh",
"pos": [
58,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0061516",
"name": "gssg",
"pos": [
77,
81
]
} |
we found that both gssg and gsh increased in coronary sinus plasma during early reperfusion . | NA | {
"id": "C0061516",
"name": "gssg",
"pos": [
19,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0017817",
"name": "gsh",
"pos": [
28,
31
]
} |
gsh and gssg release from myocardium not only may be evidence of intracellular oxidative injury , but loss of gsh also could impair metabolism of peroxides during early reperfusion and predispose to further injury . | NA | {
"id": "C0061516",
"name": "gssg",
"pos": [
8,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0017817",
"name": "gsh",
"pos": [
110,
113
]
} |
we studied the effect of treatment with two diffusible , low molecular weight scavengers of toxic oxygen metabolites , dimethylthiourea ( dmtu ) and dimethylsulfoxide ( dmso ) , on canine infarcts caused by 90 min of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion . | NA | {
"id": "C0021308",
"name": "infarcts",
"pos": [
188,
196
]
} | {
"id": "C0022116",
"name": "ischemia",
"pos": [
217,
225
]
} |
the greatest sensitivity of the bacteria isolated from the common bile duct was seen for aminoglycosides ( gentamicin and amikacin ) and for cephalosporins , especially of the third generation ( cefotaxime , ceftazidime , ceftriaxone and cefoperazone ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
195,
205
]
} | {
"id": "C0007561",
"name": "ceftriaxone",
"pos": [
222,
233
]
} |
our study suggests that pancreatic disease is one of the extra-intestinal manifestations of ibd , in particular of crohn 's disease . | NA | {
"id": "C0021390",
"name": "intestinal",
"pos": [
63,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0010346",
"name": "crohn 's disease",
"pos": [
115,
131
]
} |
the co-operative effect could be demonstrated by the formation of binary complexes ( ag : ab , 1:2 ) detected by high-performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) and by the increase of radioactivity found when the synergistic mab were added to 125i-hgh incubated with mab 4d11 immobilized on polyvinyl microplates . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "ab",
"pos": [
90,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "mab",
"pos": [
267,
270
]
} |
it is suggested that mab 4d11 recognizes a conformational change produced in the region defined by the ae5/ac8 epitopes , which is close to the hgh antigenic domain only expressed when the protein is immobilized on plastic surfaces . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
111,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigenic",
"pos": [
148,
157
]
} |
human adherent monocytes stimulated with 1 microgram/ml pertussis toxin ( pt ) produced interleukin-1 ( il-1 ) , as measured by thymocyte co-stimulation assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) , specific for il-1 alpha and il-1 beta . | NA | {
"id": "C0021755",
"name": "interleukin-1",
"pos": [
88,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0600251",
"name": "il-1 alpha",
"pos": [
222,
232
]
} |
the precursors of such cells are rare ( 1 cell per 70,000 spleen cells being able to suppress the generation of a particular allospecific response ) , but are much more abundant in the spleen than in the thymus . | NA | {
"id": "C0018956",
"name": "precursors",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
65,
70
]
} |
by the use of cytotoxic antibodies , we have been able to demonstrate that the splenic precursors of such cells are thy-1.2+ , cd4- , cd8- but , following activation with con a , these cells acquire the cd8 marker . | NA | {
"id": "C0018956",
"name": "precursors",
"pos": [
87,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
185,
190
]
} |
the proliferative response to the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ( tpa ) was much less sensitive to 3mb than was the response to pha . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol",
"pos": [
34,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate",
"pos": [
48,
84
]
} |
elastase , a serine protease , is capable of inducing severe lung destruction in experimental animal models . | NA | {
"id": "C0030306",
"name": "elastase",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0036734",
"name": "serine protease",
"pos": [
13,
28
]
} |
since f binds with gdp , forming a new complex that mimics gtp , the anion would be expected to enhance microtubule assembly . | NA | {
"id": "C0016327",
"name": "f",
"pos": [
6,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
69,
74
]
} |
over the same f concentration range , the anion failed to inhibit acceptor polarization , but did inhibit cytochalasin b-enhanced dispersion of prepolarized con a acceptors , implying that , at low concentrations , f also affected microfilament cycling . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
42,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0016327",
"name": "f",
"pos": [
236,
237
]
} |
at 20 mm , the anion abolished both events , yet at this same concentration f induced neutrophil superoxide generation and degranulation , suggesting that acceptor migration is not a prerequisite for these two neutrophil effector activities . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
15,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0016327",
"name": "f",
"pos": [
223,
224
]
} |
from 1983-88 , 157 patients were investigated in our clinic for thyroid disorders : 117 ( 75 % ) were hypothyroid , 10 ( 6 % ) -hyperthyroid , and 30 had euthyroid goiters . | NA | {
"id": "C0040128",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
64,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C0020676",
"name": "hypothyroid",
"pos": [
102,
113
]
} |
from 1983-88 , 157 patients were investigated in our clinic for thyroid disorders : 117 ( 75 % ) were hypothyroid , 10 ( 6 % ) -hyperthyroid , and 30 had euthyroid goiters . | NA | {
"id": "C0040128",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
64,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C0020550",
"name": "hyperthyroid",
"pos": [
128,
140
]
} |
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