query stringclasses 190 values | positive listlengths 1 5 | negative listlengths 4 4 | system stringlengths 69 2.19k |
|---|---|---|---|
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'? | [
"pigs (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"pig (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"swine (sus scrofa)",
"sus scrofa (pigs (sus scrofa))",
"wild boar (sus scrofa)"
] | [
"pigs (suidae) (suidae)",
"domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus)",
"suidae (pigs (suidae))",
"sus domestica (sus scrofa domesticus)"
] | Given the context 'In the present study, Ascaris from pigs was used to study molecules abundantly transcribed in the infective third-stage larva (L3).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"humans (homo)",
"homo (humans)",
"kingdom",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'Following the oral ingestion of Ascaris eggs by the host (human or pig), L3s are released and then invade/penetrate predominantly the caecal wall', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'pig'? | [
"pig (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"pigs (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"swine (sus scrofa)",
"sus scrofa (pigs (sus scrofa))",
"wild boar (sus scrofa)"
] | [
"domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus)",
"pigs (suidae) (suidae)",
"suidae (pigs (suidae))",
"sus domestica (sus scrofa domesticus)"
] | Given the context 'Following the oral ingestion of Ascaris eggs by the host (human or pig), L3s are released and then invade/penetrate predominantly the caecal wall', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Here, we constructed an L3-enriched cDNA library using the method of suppressive-subtractive hybridization (SSH), explored transcription of a representative subset of molecules by microarray analysis and conducted bioinformatic analyses to characterize these molecules, map them to biochemical pathways and predict genetic interactions based on comparisons with C. elegans and/or other organisms.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'? | [
"pigs (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"pig (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"swine (sus scrofa)",
"sus scrofa (pigs (sus scrofa))",
"wild boar (sus scrofa)"
] | [
"pigs (suidae) (suidae)",
"domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus)",
"suidae (pigs (suidae))",
"sus domestica (sus scrofa domesticus)"
] | Given the context 'Materials and Methods
Production of Different Developmental Stages of Ascaris
Experimental pigs (8–12 weeks of age) were purchased from and maintained in the Experimental Animal Center of South China Agricultural University.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'? | [
"pigs (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"pig (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"swine (sus scrofa)",
"sus scrofa (pigs (sus scrofa))",
"wild boar (sus scrofa)"
] | [
"pigs (suidae) (suidae)",
"domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus)",
"suidae (pigs (suidae))",
"sus domestica (sus scrofa domesticus)"
] | Given the context 'These pigs were treated humanely, according to the Animal Ethics procedures and guidelines of the People's Republic of China.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'? | [
"pigs (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"pig (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"swine (sus scrofa)",
"sus scrofa (pigs (sus scrofa))",
"wild boar (sus scrofa)"
] | [
"pigs (suidae) (suidae)",
"domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus)",
"suidae (pigs (suidae))",
"sus domestica (sus scrofa domesticus)"
] | Given the context 'Adult worms (males and females) of A. suum were collected from the small intestines of pigs from an abattoir in Shenzhen, China.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'? | [
"pigs (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"pig (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"swine (sus scrofa)",
"sus scrofa (pigs (sus scrofa))",
"wild boar (sus scrofa)"
] | [
"pigs (suidae) (suidae)",
"domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus)",
"suidae (pigs (suidae))",
"sus domestica (sus scrofa domesticus)"
] | Given the context 'Following the experimental infection of helminth-free pigs with infective Ascaris eggs as described previously [39], the L3s from livers and in lungs as well as L4s in intestines were isolated according to an established method [40].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"escherichia sp."
] | Given the context 'The cDNA obtained following SSH was cloned into the pGEM-T Easy plasmid vector (Promega) and competent Escherichia coli (JM109) transformed.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'pig'? | [
"pig (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"pigs (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"swine (sus scrofa)",
"sus scrofa (pigs (sus scrofa))",
"wild boar (sus scrofa)"
] | [
"domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus)",
"pigs (suidae) (suidae)",
"suidae (pigs (suidae))",
"sus domestica (sus scrofa domesticus)"
] | Given the context 'Labeling of cDNA Probes with Fluorescent Dyes, and Microarray Analysis
The cDNAs produced from total RNA from A. suum eggs, infective L3s, L3s isolated from pig liver or lung, fourth-stage larvae (L4s), adult males or females [as described in the section ‘Construction of the cDNA Library by Subtractive-Suppressive Hybridization (SSH)’] were labeled with cyanine dyes.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'? | [
"bovine (bos taurus)",
"cow (bos taurus) (bos taurus)",
"bos bovis (bos taurus)",
"domestic cattle (bos taurus)",
"domestic cow (bos taurus)"
] | [
"cattle (bos)",
"bos (cattle)",
"bovidae",
"bos taurus indicus (bos indicus)"
] | Given the context 'Microarray slides were incubated with a pre-hybridization solution [5×SSC, 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.1% sodium dodecyl-sulphate (SDS)] for 6 h at 42°C.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Following the processing of the sequences (i.e., removal of vector sequences, quality assurance and clustering), contigs or singletons from individual clusters were subjected to BLASTx (NCBI: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and BLASTn (EMBL-EBI Parasite Genome Blast Server: www.ebi.ac.uk) analysis to identify putative homologues in C. elegans, other nematodes and other organisms (e-value of ≤1e-05).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'WormBase (www.wormbase.org) was interrogated extensively for relevant information on C. elegans homologues/orthologues, including RNAi phenotypic, transcriptomic, proteomic and interactomic data.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'ESTs with homologues/orthologues in C. elegans and other nematodes were also subjected to analysis employing the KEGG Orthology-Based Annotation System (KOBAS) (www.kobas.cbi.pku.edu.cn), which predicts the biochemical pathways in which molecules are involved.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'The open reading frames (ORFs) inferred from selected ESTs with orthologues in C. elegans were also subjected to “secretome analysis” using the program SignalP v.2.0 www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/), employing both the neural network and hidden Markov models to predict signal peptides and/or anchors [46]–[48].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'The method established by Zhong and Sternberg [53] was used to predict the interactions for C. elegans orthologues of the L3-enriched molecules from Ascaris.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'fruitfly'? | [
"fruit fly (drosophila melanogaster)"
] | [
"fruit fly (drosophila <flies,genus>)",
"fruit flies (drosophila <flies,genus>)",
"flies (diptera)",
"bactrocera melanogaster (bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster)"
] | Given the context 'In brief, interaction, phenotypic, expression and gene ontology data from fruitfly, yeast, mouse and human were integrated using a naïve Bayesian model to predict genetic interactions among C. elegans genes ([45],[53]; Zhong and Sternberg, unpublished).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'? | [
"saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883)",
"saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (saccharomyces cerevisiae)",
"baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae)",
"mycoderma cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae)",
"brewer's yeast (saccharomyces ce... | [
"true yeasts (saccharomycotina)",
"saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)",
"saccharomyces lactis (kluyveromyces lactis)",
"saccharomyces albicans (candida albicans)"
] | Given the context 'In brief, interaction, phenotypic, expression and gene ontology data from fruitfly, yeast, mouse and human were integrated using a naïve Bayesian model to predict genetic interactions among C. elegans genes ([45],[53]; Zhong and Sternberg, unpublished).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'? | [
"mouse (mus musculus)",
"mus musculus (house mouse)",
"house mouse (mus musculus)"
] | [
"mouse (mus <genus>)",
"mice (mus <genus>) (mus <genus>)",
"mus <genus> (mice (mus <genus>))",
"mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse)"
] | Given the context 'In brief, interaction, phenotypic, expression and gene ontology data from fruitfly, yeast, mouse and human were integrated using a naïve Bayesian model to predict genetic interactions among C. elegans genes ([45],[53]; Zhong and Sternberg, unpublished).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"humans (homo)",
"homo (humans)",
"kingdom",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'In brief, interaction, phenotypic, expression and gene ontology data from fruitfly, yeast, mouse and human were integrated using a naïve Bayesian model to predict genetic interactions among C. elegans genes ([45],[53]; Zhong and Sternberg, unpublished).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'In brief, interaction, phenotypic, expression and gene ontology data from fruitfly, yeast, mouse and human were integrated using a naïve Bayesian model to predict genetic interactions among C. elegans genes ([45],[53]; Zhong and Sternberg, unpublished).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Of 56 molecules (61.5%) with significant similarity to sequences other than A. suum in the databases interrogated, 50 (54.9%) had C. elegans or C. briggsae homologues, and six had similarity to ESTs already sequenced from ascaridoid and/or other parasitic nematodes, and/or other organisms (Table 1).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. briggsae'? | [
"rhabditis briggsae (caenorhabditis briggsae)",
"caenorhabditis briggsae (rhabditis briggsae)"
] | [
"pseudochaetosphaeronema briggsiae",
"histiogamphelus briggsii",
"cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii",
"ectopsocus briggsi"
] | Given the context 'Of 56 molecules (61.5%) with significant similarity to sequences other than A. suum in the databases interrogated, 50 (54.9%) had C. elegans or C. briggsae homologues, and six had similarity to ESTs already sequenced from ascaridoid and/or other parasitic nematodes, and/or other organisms (Table 1).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'A focused KOBAS analysis inferred the 50 C. elegans orthologues/homologues to be involved in apoptosis and insulin signaling (2%), ATP synthesis (2%), carbon metabolism (6%), fatty acid biosynthesis (2%), gap junction (2%), glucose metabolism (6%) or porphyrin metabolism (2%), although 34 (68%) of them could not be mapped to a specific metabolic pathway (Table 2).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Functionally, 17 (34%) of the 50 molecules were associated with (non-wild-type) RNAi phenotypes in C. elegans, the majority displaying embryonic lethality (Emb) (13 types; 58.8%), larval arrest (Lva) (23.5%) and larval lethality (Lvl) (47%) (Table 2).
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Extending this analysis, a relatively complex genetic interaction network was predicted for the 17 C. elegans orthologues (i.e., with non-wild-type RNAi phenotypes) (see Table S2).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Statistically highly significant interactions were predicted for nine of the C. elegans genes; the top five interactors are displayed in Fig.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'The gene ontology categories for eight selected C. elegans genes (F33D11.10, F55A12.8, kin-2, mec-12, mup-2, pab-1, rpl-22 and T21B10.2) included: embryonic development, egg hatching, larval development and/or growth.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'The C. elegans homologue egl-3 was predicted to be involved in proteolysis (see www.wormbase.org).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'All nine C. elegans orthologues were predicted to interact directly with a total of 296 (range: 5–75) other genes and, in particular, a direct genetic interaction was predicted between pab-1 and T21B10.2 (Fig. 2).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'The focus was on comparisons with C. elegans homologues/orthologues, because the entire genome sequence of this nematode is known [9] and because there is a wealth of information on the localization and functionality of its molecules (www.wormbase.org; http://elegans.bcgsc.bc.ca/knockout.shtml).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'The functions of most genes in C. elegans have been assessed using RNAi (e.g., [14],[15],[17],[55],[56]) in the hermaphroditic stage, whereas there is a paucity of functional information available for Ascaris and other parasitic nematodes of animals', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Of the 91 clusters of molecules categorized, 50 (54.9%) had C. elegans homologues/orthologues with loss-of-function phenotypes could be mapped to key pathways.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'The statistically significant genetic interactions predicted for 9 of the 50 C. elegans orthologues [namely egl-3, F33D11.10, F55A12.8, kin-2, mec-12, mup-2, pab-1, rpl-22 and T21B10.2 ( = enol-1)] and the interaction network included genes encoding kinases, alpha-tubulins, enolases, troponin and other named and unnamed proteins.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Eight of these molecules (enol-1, pab-1, F33D11.10, rpl-22, F55A12.8 mec-12, mup-2 and kin-2) have known or predicted roles in embryonic and larval growth and development, gamete generation, locomotory behaviour or other biological processes in C. elegans (see www.wormbase.org).
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'The enol-1 orthologue of C. elegans has been predicted to interact specifically with the polyadenylate binding protein gene, pab-1, inferred to be involved in coordinated gene transcription and expression during normal larval development', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Present evidence suggests that the expression of PAB-1 is regulated by an oligo-pyrimidine tract in response to cell growth and relates to coordinated growth regulation in C. elegans [62].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Helicases are involved in a variety of RNA metabolic processes, including translation initiation, pre-mRNA splicing, pre-rRNA processing, rRNA maturation and RNA degradation [63], and are crucial for life cycle progression, sex determination and early embryogenesis in C. elegans [60].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'anisakis simplex'? | [
"anisakis simplex (ascaris simplex)",
"herring worm (anisakis simplex)",
"ascaris simplex (anisakis simplex)"
] | [
"anisakis simplex sensu lato",
"anisakis simplex complex",
"anisakis",
"anisakis sp."
] | Given the context 'Several molecules involved in ATP synthesis and mitochondrial pathways (e.g., cytochrome oxidase c subunits 1, 2 and 3, ADP/ATP translocases, NADH dehydrogenases, ATPases and ATP synthetases) have been reported previously to be highly represented in the L3 stage of Anisakis simplex', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Gene silencing of kin-2 in C. elegans leads to phenotypes, such as larval lethal (Lvl), larval arrest (Lva), body morphology defect (Bmd), dumpy (Dpy), uncoordinated (Unc) and sterile progeny (Stp) (www.wormbase.org), suggesting that its homologue in A. suum is central to larval maturation.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'The KOBAS analysis predicted the protein KIN-2 to be involved in the insulin-signaling pathway, previously implicated in controlling the exit from dauer in C. elegans and the activation of L3s of the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, following exsheathment', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'canine hookworm'? | [
"dog hookworm (ancylostoma caninum)",
"ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm)"
] | [
"canine heartworm nematode (dirofilaria immitis)",
"dog roundworm (toxocara canis)",
"new world hookworm (necator americanus)",
"ancylocnemis"
] | Given the context 'The KOBAS analysis predicted the protein KIN-2 to be involved in the insulin-signaling pathway, previously implicated in controlling the exit from dauer in C. elegans and the activation of L3s of the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, following exsheathment', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'ancylostoma caninum'? | [
"ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm)",
"dog hookworm (ancylostoma caninum)"
] | [
"ancylostoma",
"ancylostoma ceylanicum",
"ancylostomatidae",
"ancylostoma cf. caninum"
] | Given the context 'The KOBAS analysis predicted the protein KIN-2 to be involved in the insulin-signaling pathway, previously implicated in controlling the exit from dauer in C. elegans and the activation of L3s of the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, following exsheathment', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'ancylostoma caninum'? | [
"ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm)",
"dog hookworm (ancylostoma caninum)"
] | [
"ancylostoma",
"ancylostoma ceylanicum",
"ancylostomatidae",
"ancylostoma cf. caninum"
] | Given the context 'In a recent study, Brand and Hawdon [68] were able to inhibit (with a phosphoinositide-3-OH-kinase inhibitor) the activation of infective L3s of both of the hookworms Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma ceylanicum via the insulin signaling pathway, thus lending some credence to the hypothesis that this pathway plays an critical role in regulating the transition from the free-living to the parasitic stage [68].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'ancylostoma ceylanicum'? | [
"ancylostoma ceylanicum"
] | [
"ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm)",
"dog hookworm (ancylostoma caninum)",
"ancylostoma braziliense",
"ancylus sp. e1.3"
] | Given the context 'In a recent study, Brand and Hawdon [68] were able to inhibit (with a phosphoinositide-3-OH-kinase inhibitor) the activation of infective L3s of both of the hookworms Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma ceylanicum via the insulin signaling pathway, thus lending some credence to the hypothesis that this pathway plays an critical role in regulating the transition from the free-living to the parasitic stage [68].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'ancylostoma caninum'? | [
"ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm)",
"dog hookworm (ancylostoma caninum)"
] | [
"ancylostoma",
"ancylostoma ceylanicum",
"ancylostomatidae",
"ancylostoma cf. caninum"
] | Given the context 'Recently, it has been proposed that transcriptional and feeding responses to serum-stimulation in Ancylostoma caninum are regulated by parallel systems, with the insulin signaling pathway playing a significant role in the ‘resumption of feeding’ in activated larvae [69].
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. contortus'? | [
"haemonchus contortus (red stomach worm)",
"red stomach worm (haemonchus contortus)",
"barber pole worm (haemonchus contortus)"
] | [
"echinorhynchus contortus (polymorphus contortus)",
"polymorphus contortus (echinorhynchus contortus)",
"haemonchus",
"haemonchus contortus x haemonchus placei"
] | Given the context 'As already proposed for adult stages of H. contortus', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'anisakis simplex'? | [
"anisakis simplex (ascaris simplex)",
"herring worm (anisakis simplex)",
"ascaris simplex (anisakis simplex)"
] | [
"anisakis simplex sensu lato",
"anisakis simplex complex",
"anisakis",
"anisakis sp."
] | Given the context 'Other protein kinases, such as PEPCK, and phosphatases, were shown herein to be transcribed at high levels in the L3 stage compared with other developmental stages of A. suum (see Table 2), which is in accordance to findings reported recently for Anisakis simplex [65].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Approximately 60% of the transcripts enriched in the L3 stage of A. suum have homologues/orthologues in C. elegans.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'? | [
"caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans)",
"rhabditis elegans (caenorhabditis elegans)"
] | [
"elegans subgroup (in: flies)",
"caenorhabditis",
"drosophila elegans",
"elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)"
] | Given the context 'Some caution is warranted in drawing conclusions regarding molecular mechanisms regulating the transition to parasitism in parasitic nematodes from information on C. elegans, as latter is a free-living nematode.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"genus",
"this",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Initial manifestations experienced by the patient, possibly due to obstruction, and including mild abdominal pain and nausea, occurred on the third day postoperatively.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'man'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"humans (homo)",
"homo (humans)",
"kingdom",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'Case presentation
An 80-year-old man was found to have early gastric cancer during his yearly check-up by gastrointestinal endoscopy.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"genus",
"this",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Postoperatively, the patient complained of an acidic feeling in his stomach; however, there were no remarkable abnormalities on biochemical examination of serum.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"genus",
"this",
"species"
] | Given the context 'However, on day 4, the patient started to complain of upper abdominal pain and developed a high grade fever (38°C).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"genus",
"this",
"species"
] | Given the context 'The patient remained in the intensive care unit for 5 days after re-operation, and was then transferred to the general ward.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'pig'? | [
"pig (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"pigs (sus scrofa) (sus scrofa)",
"swine (sus scrofa)",
"sus scrofa (pigs (sus scrofa))",
"wild boar (sus scrofa)"
] | [
"domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus)",
"pigs (suidae) (suidae)",
"suidae (pigs (suidae))",
"sus domestica (sus scrofa domesticus)"
] | Given the context 'Indeed, Kolata demonstrated that the wounds made by the non-bladed trocar were narrower than those created by cutting tip trocars in a pig experimental model [4].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'However, it is sometimes difficult to completely close the defect, including the peritoneum, especially in obese patients.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Moreover, special attention should be paid in patients with risk factors for port site hernia such as obesity, aggressive manipulation through the port sites, and prolonged surgery.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Careful management of the postoperative course is recommended especially for patients with risk factors such as obesity and extensive manipulation of the trocar during prolonged surgical duration.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"genus",
"this",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Consent
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'? | [
"rats (rattus norvegicus) (rattus norvegicus)",
"rat (rattus norvegicus) (rattus norvegicus)",
"rattus norvegicus (rats (rattus norvegicus))",
"norway rat (rattus norvegicus)",
"brown rat (rattus norvegicus)"
] | [
"rats (rattus) (rattus)",
"rat (rattus) (rattus)",
"house rat (rattus rattus)",
"mus rattus (rattus rattus)"
] | Given the context 'Previously, we reported that some SSRIs possess high to moderate affinities for sigma-1 receptors in the rat brain.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'? | [
"mouse (mus musculus)",
"mus musculus (house mouse)",
"house mouse (mus musculus)"
] | [
"mice (mus <genus>) (mus <genus>)",
"mouse (mus <genus>)",
"mus <genus> (mice (mus <genus>))",
"mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse)"
] | Given the context 'Recently, we reported that fluvoxamine, but not paroxetine, significantly ameliorated cognitive deficits in mice after repeated phencyclidine administration, and that the effects of fluvoxamine were antagonized by co-administration of the selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist NE-100', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'? | [
"bovine (bos taurus)",
"cow (bos taurus) (bos taurus)",
"bos bovis (bos taurus)",
"domestic cattle (bos taurus)",
"domestic cow (bos taurus)"
] | [
"cattle (bos)",
"bos (cattle)",
"bovidae",
"bos taurus indicus (bos indicus)"
] | Given the context 'Cell culture
PC12 sells (RIKEN Cell Bank, Tsukuba, Japan) were cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% heat-inactivated horse serum, and 1% penicillin.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'horse'? | [
"horse (equus caballus)",
"equine (equus caballus)",
"domestic horse (equus caballus)",
"equus caballus (equus przewalskii forma caballus)"
] | [
"horses (equidae)",
"equidae (horses)",
"equus subg. equus (equus)",
"eques"
] | Given the context 'Cell culture
PC12 sells (RIKEN Cell Bank, Tsukuba, Japan) were cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% heat-inactivated horse serum, and 1% penicillin.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'goat'? | [
"domestic goat (capra hircus)",
"goats (capra hircus)",
"goat (capra hircus) (capra hircus)",
"capra aegagrus hircus (capra hircus)",
"capra hircus (capra aegagrus hircus)"
] | [
"wild goat (capra aegagrus)",
"capra aegagrus (capra hircus aegagrus)",
"capra",
"capra hircus aegagrus (capra aegagrus)"
] | Given the context 'Immunocytochemistry
Cells were fixed for 30 min at room temperature with 4% paraformaldehyde then permeabilized with 0.2% Triton and blocked with 1.5% normal goat serum, 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 0.1 M phosphate-buffer saline for 1 h to reduce nonspecific binding.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'? | [
"bovine (bos taurus)",
"cow (bos taurus) (bos taurus)",
"bos bovis (bos taurus)",
"domestic cattle (bos taurus)",
"domestic cow (bos taurus)"
] | [
"cattle (bos)",
"bos (cattle)",
"bovidae",
"bos taurus indicus (bos indicus)"
] | Given the context 'Immunocytochemistry
Cells were fixed for 30 min at room temperature with 4% paraformaldehyde then permeabilized with 0.2% Triton and blocked with 1.5% normal goat serum, 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 0.1 M phosphate-buffer saline for 1 h to reduce nonspecific binding.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"humans (homo)",
"homo (humans)",
"kingdom",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'Our recent positron emission tomography (PET) study demonstrated that, after a single oral administration, fluvoxamine bound to sigma-1 receptors in the living human brain [45].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"humans (homo)",
"homo (humans)",
"kingdom",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'This finding suggests that sigma-1 receptors are involved in the mechanism of action of fluvoxamine in the human brain [45].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Alexithymia and anxiety in female chronic pain patients
Abstract
Objectives
Alexithymia is highly prevalent among chronic pain patients.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Alexithymia and anxiety in female chronic pain patients
Abstract
Objectives
Alexithymia is highly prevalent among chronic pain patients.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alexithymia and to determine anxiety levels among DSM-IV somatoform pain disorder (chronic pain) female patients and to examine the relationship between alexithymia and the self-reporting of pain.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"genus",
"this",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Thirty seven healthy females (mean age: 34,46 ± 7,43 years), who matched for sociodemographic features with the patient group, consisted the control group.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'A sociodemographic data form, 26-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26), Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered to each subject and information was obtained on several aspects of the patients' pain, including intensity (measured by VAS), and duration.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Results
Chronic pain patients were found significantly more alexithymic than controls.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Neither positive correlation nor significant difference was found between alexithymia and trait anxiety in pain patients.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Several studies have found a high prevalence of alexithymia in pain patients.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Chronic pain patients frequently exhibit many of the core features of alexithymia, such as problems in identifying and describing subjective feelings, impoverished imaginative abilities, and excessive preoccupation with physical symptoms and external events.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Although several studies have found a high prevalence of alexithymia in pain patients, the way alexithymia may possibly influence pain experience is still unclear [12,13].
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'In chronic pain disorder, patients complain of chronic pain, for which no physical etiology could be found or the underlying disorder is insufficient in explaining the symptoms.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'person'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"kingdom",
"humans (homo)",
"genus",
"probles"
] | Given the context 'The alexithymic person's difficulty in identifying and describing feelings may increase symptom reporting by several mechanisms.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Accordingly, previous studies have found evidence of an association between alexithymia and the development of functional somatic symptoms, as seen in patients with somatoform disorders.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of alexithymia among DSM-IV somatoform pain disorder (chronic pain) female patients and to examine the relationship between alexithymia and the self-reporting of pain in this group of patients.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of alexithymia among DSM-IV somatoform pain disorder (chronic pain) female patients and to examine the relationship between alexithymia and the self-reporting of pain in this group of patients.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Besides, the study searched for the anxiety levels of chronic pain patients with or without alexithymia.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Patients with concomitant psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders other than pain disorder were excluded.
Patients either directly applied to the psychiatry clinic themselves or were referred for psychiatric assessment from another outpatient clinic, mainly physical medicine and rehabilitation.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Patients with concomitant psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders other than pain disorder were excluded.
Patients either directly applied to the psychiatry clinic themselves or were referred for psychiatric assessment from another outpatient clinic, mainly physical medicine and rehabilitation.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'The mean age of the patients and the healthy controls was 34,63 ± 10,62 (range: 16–62) and 34,46 ± 7,43 (range: 22–57) years and the educational level was 6,13 ± 3,03 (range: 5–11) and', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'participants'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"humans (homo)",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'All participants were applied Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I)', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Regarding the pain assessment, information was first obtained on several aspects of the patients' pain, such as intensity, and duration.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"genus",
"this",
"species"
] | Given the context 'VAS is scored by measuring the distance from the end of the scale indicating absence of pain (or no distress or no pain relief) to the place marked by the patient', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Results
In the chronic pain group, 56.7% of patients (n = 17) had a score greater than 11 on the TAS-26, and were considered alexithymic.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'In the control group, 24,3% of patients (n = 9) were alexithymic according to TAS-26.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'The duration and severity of pain, TAS-26 scores, and STAI scores of the female pain patients are shown in Table 2.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'First, chronic pain patients were found significantly more alexithymic than controls (56,7% to 24,3%).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Third, neither positive correlation nor significant difference was found between alexithymia and trait anxiety in pain patients.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Discussion
The results of the present study suggest that patients with chronic pain disorder are more alexithymic than individuals with no pain.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context 'There were no significant differences between alexithymic and nonalexitymic patients on self reports of current pain severity.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context '[1994] in which it was further pointed out that alexithymic patients were found to use significantly more verbal descriptors of pain compared to nonalexithymic patients', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"this",
"genus",
"species"
] | Given the context '[1994] in which it was further pointed out that alexithymic patients were found to use significantly more verbal descriptors of pain compared to nonalexithymic patients', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"probles",
"genus",
"this",
"species"
] | Given the context 'Pain is a subjective experience and each patient may communicate in a different way, verbally or nonverbally [29].', answer the user's query. |
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