query stringclasses 190 values | positive listlengths 1 5 | negative listlengths 4 4 | system stringlengths 69 2.19k |
|---|---|---|---|
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'? | [
"mouse (mus musculus)",
"mus musculus (house mouse)",
"house mouse (mus musculus)"
] | [
"mouse (mus <genus>)",
"mice (mus <genus>) (mus <genus>)",
"mus <genus> (mice (mus <genus>))",
"mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse)"
] | Given the context 'The antibodies used in this study are: rabbit anti-GFAP (1∶1000; DAKO), mouse anti-Nestin (1∶100; BD PharMingen), guinea pig anti-Glast (1∶500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Prox1 (1∶1000; Covance), goat anti-Ngn2 (1∶20; Santa Cruz), goat anti-NeuroD1 (1∶200; Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-Pax6 (1∶150; Covance), rabbit anti-Trb2 (1∶500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Trb1: (1∶1000; Chemicon), goat anti-Dcx: (1∶500; Santa Cruz), mouse anti-PSA-NCAM: (1∶500; Chemicon), mouse anti-NeuN (1∶300; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Calretinin (1∶500; Swant); mouse anti-Sox2 (1∶100; R&D systems), mouse anti-Mash1 (1∶100; BD PharMingen), rabbit anti-NeuroD2 (1∶300; ABCAM), mouse anti-MAP2 (1∶500; Sigma), rabbit anti-Ki67 (1∶150; NovaCastra) and rabbit anti-phospho-Histone H3.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"marsh rabbit (sylvilagus palustris)"
] | Given the context 'The antibodies used in this study are: rabbit anti-GFAP (1∶1000; DAKO), mouse anti-Nestin (1∶100; BD PharMingen), guinea pig anti-Glast (1∶500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Prox1 (1∶1000; Covance), goat anti-Ngn2 (1∶20; Santa Cruz), goat anti-NeuroD1 (1∶200; Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-Pax6 (1∶150; Covance), rabbit anti-Trb2 (1∶500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Trb1: (1∶1000; Chemicon), goat anti-Dcx: (1∶500; Santa Cruz), mouse anti-PSA-NCAM: (1∶500; Chemicon), mouse anti-NeuN (1∶300; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Calretinin (1∶500; Swant); mouse anti-Sox2 (1∶100; R&D systems), mouse anti-Mash1 (1∶100; BD PharMingen), rabbit anti-NeuroD2 (1∶300; ABCAM), mouse anti-MAP2 (1∶500; Sigma), rabbit anti-Ki67 (1∶150; NovaCastra) and rabbit anti-phospho-Histone H3.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'? | [
"mouse (mus musculus)",
"mus musculus (house mouse)",
"house mouse (mus musculus)"
] | [
"mouse (mus <genus>)",
"mice (mus <genus>) (mus <genus>)",
"mus <genus> (mice (mus <genus>))",
"mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse)"
] | Given the context 'The antibodies used in this study are: rabbit anti-GFAP (1∶1000; DAKO), mouse anti-Nestin (1∶100; BD PharMingen), guinea pig anti-Glast (1∶500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Prox1 (1∶1000; Covance), goat anti-Ngn2 (1∶20; Santa Cruz), goat anti-NeuroD1 (1∶200; Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-Pax6 (1∶150; Covance), rabbit anti-Trb2 (1∶500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Trb1: (1∶1000; Chemicon), goat anti-Dcx: (1∶500; Santa Cruz), mouse anti-PSA-NCAM: (1∶500; Chemicon), mouse anti-NeuN (1∶300; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Calretinin (1∶500; Swant); mouse anti-Sox2 (1∶100; R&D systems), mouse anti-Mash1 (1∶100; BD PharMingen), rabbit anti-NeuroD2 (1∶300; ABCAM), mouse anti-MAP2 (1∶500; Sigma), rabbit anti-Ki67 (1∶150; NovaCastra) and rabbit anti-phospho-Histone H3.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"marsh rabbit (sylvilagus palustris)"
] | Given the context 'The antibodies used in this study are: rabbit anti-GFAP (1∶1000; DAKO), mouse anti-Nestin (1∶100; BD PharMingen), guinea pig anti-Glast (1∶500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Prox1 (1∶1000; Covance), goat anti-Ngn2 (1∶20; Santa Cruz), goat anti-NeuroD1 (1∶200; Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-Pax6 (1∶150; Covance), rabbit anti-Trb2 (1∶500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Trb1: (1∶1000; Chemicon), goat anti-Dcx: (1∶500; Santa Cruz), mouse anti-PSA-NCAM: (1∶500; Chemicon), mouse anti-NeuN (1∶300; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Calretinin (1∶500; Swant); mouse anti-Sox2 (1∶100; R&D systems), mouse anti-Mash1 (1∶100; BD PharMingen), rabbit anti-NeuroD2 (1∶300; ABCAM), mouse anti-MAP2 (1∶500; Sigma), rabbit anti-Ki67 (1∶150; NovaCastra) and rabbit anti-phospho-Histone H3.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"marsh rabbit (sylvilagus palustris)"
] | Given the context 'The antibodies used in this study are: rabbit anti-GFAP (1∶1000; DAKO), mouse anti-Nestin (1∶100; BD PharMingen), guinea pig anti-Glast (1∶500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Prox1 (1∶1000; Covance), goat anti-Ngn2 (1∶20; Santa Cruz), goat anti-NeuroD1 (1∶200; Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-Pax6 (1∶150; Covance), rabbit anti-Trb2 (1∶500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Trb1: (1∶1000; Chemicon), goat anti-Dcx: (1∶500; Santa Cruz), mouse anti-PSA-NCAM: (1∶500; Chemicon), mouse anti-NeuN (1∶300; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Calretinin (1∶500; Swant); mouse anti-Sox2 (1∶100; R&D systems), mouse anti-Mash1 (1∶100; BD PharMingen), rabbit anti-NeuroD2 (1∶300; ABCAM), mouse anti-MAP2 (1∶500; Sigma), rabbit anti-Ki67 (1∶150; NovaCastra) and rabbit anti-phospho-Histone H3.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'donkey'? | [
"donkey (equus asinus)",
"equus asinus (ass (equus asinus))",
"domestic ass (equus asinus)",
"african ass (equus asinus)",
"ass (equus asinus) (equus asinus)"
] | [
"equus africanus (equus asinus africanus)",
"equus asinus africanus (equus africanus asinus)",
"equus africanus asinus (equus asinus africanus)",
"equus caballus x equus asinus (hybrid of male horse and female donkey)"
] | Given the context 'For immunocytochemistry, cultures were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at day five, rinsed with PBS three times prior to pre-incubation with a blocking solution (10% donkey serum, 0.25% TritonX100 in PBS) for 1 hour.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'? | [
"mouse (mus musculus)",
"mus musculus (house mouse)",
"house mouse (mus musculus)"
] | [
"mice (mus <genus>) (mus <genus>)",
"mouse (mus <genus>)",
"mus <genus> (mice (mus <genus>))",
"mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse)"
] | Given the context 'Bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Cloro-deoxyuridine (CldU) pulse labeling and immunohisto- and immunocyto-chemistry
To assess cell proliferation and ongoing neurogenesis in vivo, animals were injected with BrdU (100 mg/kg, Sigma), two hours prior to sacrifice (for both P2 and two weeks old Ngn2 mice).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'? | [
"rats (rattus norvegicus) (rattus norvegicus)",
"rat (rattus norvegicus) (rattus norvegicus)",
"rattus norvegicus (rats (rattus norvegicus))",
"norway rat (rattus norvegicus)",
"brown rat (rattus norvegicus)"
] | [
"rats (rattus) (rattus)",
"rat (rattus) (rattus)",
"house rat (rattus rattus)",
"mus rattus (rattus rattus)"
] | Given the context 'Immunohistochemistry was carried on as described above using a rat anti-CldU/BrdU primary antibody (1∶200, monoclonal, Immunologicalsdirect, Oxfordshire, UK), with an additional denaturation in 1 M HCl for 30 minutes prior to pre-incubation with serum.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'? | [
"rats (rattus norvegicus) (rattus norvegicus)",
"rat (rattus norvegicus) (rattus norvegicus)",
"rattus norvegicus (rats (rattus norvegicus))",
"norway rat (rattus norvegicus)",
"brown rat (rattus norvegicus)"
] | [
"rats (rattus) (rattus)",
"rat (rattus) (rattus)",
"house rat (rattus rattus)",
"mus rattus (rattus rattus)"
] | Given the context 'For immunocytochemistry, cultures were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at day 7, rinsed with PBS three times, treated with 1 M HCl at 65°C for 5–10 min, pre-incubated and then incubated with a rat anti-CldU/BrdU antibody and other primary antibodies.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'sprague dawley rats'? | [
"norway rat (rattus norvegicus)",
"brown rat (rattus norvegicus)",
"rats (rattus norvegicus) (rattus norvegicus)",
"rat (rattus norvegicus) (rattus norvegicus)",
"rattus norvegicus (rats (rattus norvegicus))"
] | [
"black rat (rattus rattus)",
"house rat (rattus rattus)",
"rattus rattoides (rattus rattus)",
"rats (rattus) (rattus)"
] | Given the context 'In utero surgery
Timed pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats with embryos at gestational age E15.5 were anesthetized with halothane.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rats'? | [
"rats (rattus norvegicus) (rattus norvegicus)",
"rattus norvegicus (rats (rattus norvegicus))",
"rat (rattus norvegicus) (rattus norvegicus)",
"norway rat (rattus norvegicus)",
"brown rat (rattus norvegicus)"
] | [
"rats (rattus) (rattus)",
"rat (rattus) (rattus)",
"house rat (rattus rattus)",
"rattus (rats (rattus))"
] | Given the context 'In this study, more than 25 Ngn2 null, >45 Ngn2 heterozygotes, and >60 WT individuals (including rats injected with retroviruses) were analyzed, in total.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"humans (homo)",
"homo (humans)",
"kingdom",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'All data are expressed as±standard error of the mean (SEM).
Human sample and RT-PCR
The brain from a 64 year-old male was provided by the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"humans (homo)",
"homo (humans)",
"kingdom",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'Five millimeters thick fresh human hippocampal tissue sample was snap frozen.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbits'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (lepus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)"
] | Given the context 'Some of them (but not the parent sulfonamides) strongly lowered IOP in rabbits when administered as a 2% solution into the eye.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbits'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (lepus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)"
] | Given the context 'Some of them (but not the parent sulfonamides) strongly lowered IOP in rabbits when administered as a 2% solution into the eye.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"humans (homo)",
"homo (humans)",
"kingdom",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'The new compounds have been characterized by standard physico-chemical procedures, and were assayed as inhibitors of three CA isozymes, hCA I, hCA II and bCA IV (h human; b bovine; these are the isozymes considered to play a critical role in aqueous humour secretion within the eye of higher vertebrates [2-5]).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'? | [
"bovine (bos taurus)",
"cow (bos taurus) (bos taurus)",
"bos bovis (bos taurus)",
"domestic cattle (bos taurus)",
"domestic cow (bos taurus)"
] | [
"cattle (bos)",
"bos (cattle)",
"bovidae",
"bos taurus indicus (bos indicus)"
] | Given the context 'The new compounds have been characterized by standard physico-chemical procedures, and were assayed as inhibitors of three CA isozymes, hCA I, hCA II and bCA IV (h human; b bovine; these are the isozymes considered to play a critical role in aqueous humour secretion within the eye of higher vertebrates [2-5]).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"humans (homo)",
"homo (humans)",
"kingdom",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'Human CA and CA II cDNAs were expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) from the plasmids pACA/hCA I and pACAdaCA II described by Forsman et al.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'? | [
"bovine (bos taurus)",
"cow (bos taurus) (bos taurus)",
"bos bovis (bos taurus)",
"domestic cattle (bos taurus)",
"domestic cow (bos taurus)"
] | [
"cattle (bos)",
"bos (cattle)",
"bovidae",
"bos taurus indicus (bos indicus)"
] | Given the context 'IV was isolated from bovine lung microsomes as described by Maren et al, and its concentration has been determined by titration with ethoxzolamide [33].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbits'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (lepus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)"
] | Given the context 'Measurement of tonometric lOP Adult male New Zealand albino rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were used in the experiments (three animals were used for each inhibitor studied).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbits'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (lepus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)"
] | Given the context 'The rabbits were kept in individual cages with food and water provided ad libitum.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"marsh rabbit (sylvilagus palustris)"
] | Given the context 'The ocular hypotensive activity is expressed as the average difference in IOP between the treated and control eye, in this way minimizing the diurnal, seasonal and interindividual variations commonly observed in the rabbit [37-39].', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbits'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (lepus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)"
] | Given the context 'In vivo IOP lowering experiments were done in rabbits with some of the new compounds prepared in the present work, such as the sulfonamides 6 and 7, and their Zn(II) complexes, which were among the strong CA II and CA IV inhibitors in the obtained series.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"marsh rabbit (sylvilagus palustris)"
] | Given the context 'Some of the IOP lowering data at half an hour and one hour after the instillation of one drop of 2 % solution of inhibitor within the rabbit eye are shown in 312
Claudiu T. Supuran et al.
Metal-Based Drugs
Table IV, with dorzolamide (at the same concentration) as standard.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'? | [
"human (homo sapiens)",
"homo sapiens (human)"
] | [
"humans (homo)",
"homo (humans)",
"kingdom",
"genus"
] | Given the context 'Acetazolamide Methazolamide Ethoxzolamide
Dichlorophenamide Dorzolamide
Human (cloned) isozymes; b From bovine lung microsomes.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'? | [
"bovine (bos taurus)",
"cow (bos taurus) (bos taurus)",
"bos bovis (bos taurus)",
"domestic cattle (bos taurus)",
"domestic cow (bos taurus)"
] | [
"cattle (bos)",
"bos (cattle)",
"bovidae",
"bos taurus indicus (bos indicus)"
] | Given the context 'Acetazolamide Methazolamide Ethoxzolamide
Dichlorophenamide Dorzolamide
Human (cloned) isozymes; b From bovine lung microsomes.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'? | [
"rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus)",
"japanese white rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus)"
] | [
"rabbits and hares (leporidae)",
"swamp rabbit (sylvilagus aquaticus)",
"lepus cuniculus cuniculus (oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)",
"marsh rabbit (sylvilagus palustris)"
] | Given the context 'Fig l" Time dependence of IOP lowering with dorzolamide (curve 1); the zinc complex 10 (curve 3) and the zinc complex 17 (curve 3), after topical administration of one drop of 2 % solution of inhibitor in rabbit.
Preliminary results from this laboratory indicate that the metal complexes of topically active sulfonamides show also increased lOP lowering effects with respect to the complexes prepared in the present study', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'borrelia burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Borrelia burgdorferi membranes are the primary targets of reactive oxygen species
Abstract
Spirochetes living in an oxygen-rich environment or when challenged by host immune cells are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'borrelia burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Because Borrelia burgdorferi contains no intracellular iron, DNA is most likely not a major target for ROS via Fenton reaction.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'In support of this, growth of B. burgdorferi in the presence of 5 mM H2O2 had no effect on the DNA mutation rate (spontaneous coumermycin A1 resistance), and cells treated with 10 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide or 10 mM H2O2 show no increase in DNA damage.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Unlike most bacteria, B. burgdorferi incorporates ROS-susceptible polyunsaturated fatty acids from the environment into their membranes.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Analysis of lipoxidase-treated B. burgdorferi cells by Electron Microscopy showed significant irregularities indicative of membrane damage.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'These data suggest that B. burgdorferi membrane lipids are targets for attack by ROS encountered in the various stages of the infective cycle.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'borrelia burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Introduction
Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, survives and proliferates in distinctly different niches, including its arthropod vector and various mammalian hosts.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'These ‘micro’ environments provide their own distinct sets of advantages and challenges to B. burgdorferi.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'For example, during the initial stages of infection of the mammalian host, immune cells attempt to prevent B. burgdorferi from establishing an infection using several systems including those generating bacteriocidal reactive oxygen species (ROS)', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'In order for B. burgdorferi to successfully colonize a new host and cause disease, they must overcome the challenges posed by the innate immune system including the deleterious effects of ROS/RNS compounds.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'helicobacter pylori'? | [
"helicobacter pylori (campylobacter pylori subsp. pylori)",
"campylobacter pylori (helicobacter pylori)",
"campylobacter pylori subsp. pylori (helicobacter pylori)",
"campylobacter pyloridis (helicobacter pylori)",
"helicobacter nemestrinae (helicobacter pylori)"
] | [
"helicobacter",
"helicobacter suis (candidatus helicobacter suis)",
"helicobacter sp.",
"helicobacter pylori (strain nctc11638) (helicobacter pylori nctc 11638)"
] | Given the context 'Two notable exceptions are the photosynthetic bacteria which synthesize and incorporate significant levels of linoleic acid in their membrane (Tasaka et al., 1996) and Helicobacter pylori membranes which contain between 0.5% and 3% linoleic acid (Ursini and Bindoli, 1987).
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'The intracellular biochemistry of B. burgdorferi suggests that the primary cellular target of ROS may be distinct from that described in other bacteria such as Escherichia coli.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"escherichia sp."
] | Given the context 'The intracellular biochemistry of B. burgdorferi suggests that the primary cellular target of ROS may be distinct from that described in other bacteria such as Escherichia coli.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'In E. coli, the extent of DNA damage due to H2O2 and Fenton chemistry is directly proportional to Fe metabolism and the free Fe concentration within the cell (10 µM) (Keyer and Imlay, 1996).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'As the intracellular Fe concentrations of B. burgdorferi are estimated to be < 10 atoms per cell (Posey and Gherardini, 2000), it seems unlikely that DNA is a primary target for ROS.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the biochemical effects of ROS on B. burgdorferi, including growth effects and biological/physical damage.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Results
Effect of ROS on B. burgdorferi cells
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'In order to determine what the cellular targets of ROS in B. burgdorferi are, we first needed to determine the sensitivity of Borrelia cells to various oxidants.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Microaerobic cultures of B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 were grown to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1, treated with varying concentrations of H2O2 (0–50 mM) or t-butyl hydroperoxide (0–50 mM) and the number of surviving cells determined by plating.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'In contrast, when E. coli cells were exposed to 1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide, approximately 1% of the cells survive.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'B. burgdorferi cells were much more resistant to t-butyl hydroperoxide than E. coli cells, with a survival rate of approximately 100% at 1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'B. burgdorferi cells were much more resistant to t-butyl hydroperoxide than E. coli cells, with a survival rate of approximately 100% at 1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'E. coli cells exposed to 1 mM H2O2 have approximately 10% survivability, while 100% of the B. burgdorferi cells survive at this concentration, and approximately 80% survive when exposed to 10 mM H2O2 (Fig. 1B).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'E. coli cells exposed to 1 mM H2O2 have approximately 10% survivability, while 100% of the B. burgdorferi cells survive at this concentration, and approximately 80% survive when exposed to 10 mM H2O2 (Fig. 1B).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Taken together, these data indicated that B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was highly resistant to exposure to both t-butyl peroxide and H2O2.
Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is not the primary target of ROS
For most bacteria, DNA is the major target of ROS causing a wide variety of DNA lesions.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'borrelia burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Taken together, these data indicated that B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was highly resistant to exposure to both t-butyl peroxide and H2O2.
Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is not the primary target of ROS
For most bacteria, DNA is the major target of ROS causing a wide variety of DNA lesions.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'However, B. burgdorferi has been shown to harbour few genes encoding orthologues of known iron-containing proteins, does not require Fe for growth and has intracellular Fe concentrations estimated to be < 10 atoms per cell (Posey and Gherardini, 2000).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Taken together, these observations strongly suggest that B. burgdorferi DNA is not a major target for ROS.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To test this hypothesis, different techniques were used to measure DNA damage in B. burgdorferi cells after exposure to ROS.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'In B. burgdorferi, mutations that confer resistance to coumermycin A1, which targets the β subunit of DNA gyrase, have been mapped to gyrB, the gene encoding DNA gyrase B (Samuels et al., 1994).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To determine if exposure to oxidants increases DNA damage by increasing point mutations, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells grown under microaerobic conditions were treated with 5 mM H2O2 and plated in the presence and absence of 250 ng ml−1 coumermycin A1.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To determine whether ROS can damage B. burgdorferi DNA, strain B31A3 cells grown under microaerobic conditions were treated with H2O2 (1 or 10 mM), t-butyl hydroperoxide (1 or 10 mM) or lipoxidase (an enzyme which specifically catalyses the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis, cis-pentadiene structure, such as linoleic acid).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'In contrast, when E. coli strain TA4315 cells (ahpCF) (Storz et al., 1989) were treated with 100 µM H2O2, the number of AP sites increased ∼10-fold over untreated cells.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'These data suggest that B. burgdorferi DNA was not a major target for oxidative damage under these conditions.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'It is of note to mention that the total number of AP sites per 105 bp DNA is approximately 10-fold higher in untreated Borrelia B31A3 DNA than in untreated E. coli DNA.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'The B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 harbours 11 linear plasmids and a linear chromosome with ∼100 unpaired bases in the telomere loops per genome or 10 bases per 105 bp DNA (Hinnebusch and Barbour, 1991; Chaconas, 2005).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To test this hypothesis, the AP sites were measured in DNA isolated from untreated B. burgdorferi strain B314 which harbours no linear plasmids (Sadziene et al., 1993).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'The analyses of the AP sites strongly suggested that B. burgdorferi DNA was not the major target for oxidative damage.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To determine whether ROS can damage B. burgdorferi DNA and cause 8-oxoguanine lesions, strain B31A3 cells grown under microaerobic conditions were treated with H2O2 (5 or 10 mM), t-butyl hydroperoxide (5 or 10 mM) or lipoxidase.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'In contrast, when a MutM (the specific glycosylase that removes the 8-oxoguanine)-deficient E. coli strain was treated with 100 µM H2O2, the amount of 8-oxoguanine sites increased ∼fivefold over untreated cells.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'It is important to point out that no MutM homologue has been identified in the genome of B. burgdorferi.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Taken together, these data suggested that B. burgdorferi DNA was not a major target for oxidative damage under these conditions.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'The membranes of B. burgdorferi are targeted during oxidative stress
In eukaryotes, membrane lipids are a major target of ROS.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'As B. burgdorferi cannot synthesize their own lipids, they must instead scavenge them.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To determine if B. burgdorferi contains polyunsaturated lipids, B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown under anaerobic conditions and analysed for fatty acid composition by Lipid Technologies (Austin, MN).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To determine if B. burgdorferi contains polyunsaturated lipids, B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown under anaerobic conditions and analysed for fatty acid composition by Lipid Technologies (Austin, MN).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To determine if Borrelia polyunsaturated lipids can undergo lipid peroxidation, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells grown microaerobically were treated with 1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide or 250 mg of lipoxidase, and the cell pellets were analysed for fatty acid composition (Industrial Laboratory).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'These data indicated that the linoleic acid present in B. burgdorferi membranes can be oxidized by ROS.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'? | [
"mouse (mus musculus)",
"mus musculus (house mouse)",
"house mouse (mus musculus)"
] | [
"mouse (mus <genus>)",
"mice (mus <genus>) (mus <genus>)",
"mus <genus> (mice (mus <genus>))",
"mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse)"
] | Given the context 'As a control, eukaryotic cells (mouse myeloma cells SP2) were treated with AAPH and MDA measured (Fig.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'? | [
"mouse (mus musculus)",
"mus musculus (house mouse)",
"house mouse (mus musculus)"
] | [
"mouse (mus <genus>)",
"mice (mus <genus>) (mus <genus>)",
"mus <genus> (mice (mus <genus>))",
"mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse)"
] | Given the context 'Mouse myeloma cells have been used as a model system for the determination of phospholipid hydroperoxides (Chotimarkorn et al., 2005).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To determine if the Borrelia lipids are damaged from growth in an oxygen environment, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown under anaerobic, microaerobic and aerobic conditions and MDA measured.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Our High Performance Liquid Chromatography analyses of the MDA present in anaerobically grown B. burgdorferi cells showed a small peak with a retention time similar to that of the MDA standard.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To visualize the lipid hydroperoxides, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were labelled with DPPP and observed by fluorescence microscopy (Fig. 5B).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'E. coli Top10 cells and mouse myeloma SP2 cells were also labelled and visualized to serve as negative and positive controls respectively (Fig.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'? | [
"mouse (mus musculus)",
"mus musculus (house mouse)",
"house mouse (mus musculus)"
] | [
"mouse (mus <genus>)",
"mice (mus <genus>) (mus <genus>)",
"mus <genus> (mice (mus <genus>))",
"mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse)"
] | Given the context 'E. coli Top10 cells and mouse myeloma SP2 cells were also labelled and visualized to serve as negative and positive controls respectively (Fig.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'? | [
"mouse (mus musculus)",
"mus musculus (house mouse)",
"house mouse (mus musculus)"
] | [
"mouse (mus <genus>)",
"mice (mus <genus>) (mus <genus>)",
"mus <genus> (mice (mus <genus>))",
"mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse)"
] | Given the context '5B) and for the mouse myeloma cells (Fig. 5C), but not for the E. coli cells (Fig. 5A).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context '5B) and for the mouse myeloma cells (Fig. 5C), but not for the E. coli cells (Fig. 5A).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'To further demonstrate Borrelia membrane damage, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions and visualized by negative stain using an electron microscope.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'To date, the most definitive work has been done on E. coli.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'It seems clear from several studies that the most physiologically relevant target of ROS in E. coli is DNA.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'These observations are critical in beginning to understand the oxidative damage/targets in B. burgdorferi.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'It has been shown in E. coli that the free-iron pool size determines the rate of oxidative DNA damage.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'For example, in wild-type E. coli, free iron levels are estimated to be 10 µM, yet H2O2 is only mildly genotoxic (Keyer and Imlay, 1996).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'However, in E. coli Fur- mutants, intracellular iron concentration increases eightfold while survival is 10-fold lower when cells are exposed to H2O2.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Because B. burgdorferi cells do not contain detectable levels of intracellular Fe, it seems unlikely that DNA is a major target for damage via the Fenton reaction in this bacterium (Posey and Gherardini, 2000).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'When B. burgdorferi cells were exposed to high concentrations of ROS (e.g. H2O2), there was no effect on the spontaneous mutation rate (Fig. 2A) or the number of DNA lesions (AP sites or 8-oxoguanine) (Fig.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'It should be noted that in these experiments, a wild-type strain of B. burgdorferi was used and presumably all of the endogenous oxidative stress enzymes were expressed.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'However, we do not believe this to be the case as the concentration of oxidants used in these experiments were significantly higher than concentrations known to cause DNA damage in E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria.
', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'The lack of detectable DNA damage in B. burgdorferi cells under the conditions tested could be the result of very efficient DNA repair systems.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'? | [
"e. coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacterium coli (escherichia coli)",
"bacillus coli (escherichia coli)",
"escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli)",
"enterococcus coli (escherichia coli)"
] | [
"escherichia",
"escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis')",
"enterobacteria (enterobacteriaceae)",
"'escherichia faecalis' (escherichia faecalis)"
] | Given the context 'Bacteria, such as E. coli, harbour genes encoding repair enzymes (i.e. MutM, MutY, Ung, AlkA, MutS, MutL, ExoIII, EndoVIII, PolI, RecJ).', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Interestingly, the B. burgdorferi genome does not contain genes encoding homologues of MutM, MutY or EndoVIII, suggesting that it would be difficult for the cells to efficiently repair 8-oxoguanine sites using this pathway.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'B. burgdorferi does harbour the genes encoding the enzymes Ung (monofunctional gylcosylase, BB0053), MutS (BB0797, BB0098), MutL (BB0211), ExoIII (BB0114), PolI (BB0548), LigI (BB0552) and RecJ (BB0254) (Fraser et al., 1997) which are involved in excision and repair, via S-BER or L-BER, of deaminated, alkylated, methylated or mismatched bases.', answer the user's query. |
What is the biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'? | [
"borrelia burgdorferi (borreliella burgdorferi)",
"borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete)",
"lyme disease spirochete (borreliella burgdorferi)"
] | [
"borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (borreliella)",
"borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)",
"lyme disease borrelia (borreliella)",
"borrelia africana (candidatus borrelia africana)"
] | Given the context 'Clearly, these repair systems in B. burgdorferi do not seem as robust at defending against oxidation of DNA as those described in E. coli.', answer the user's query. |
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