instruction stringlengths 225 2.35k | input stringlengths 89 1.5k | response stringclasses 698 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, despite the presence of diagnostic morphological characters to identify L. intermedia and L. whitmani [1] the level of molecular divergence in period is not as high as the cryptic L. longipalpis siblings.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani; l. longipalpis]
<Options>: A: neophyllomyza longipalpis (aka phyllomyza longipalpis)
B: lizard leishmania
C: erigone longipalpis (linyphia longipalpis) (aka erigone longipalpis)
D: lutzomyia longipalpis (phlebotomus longipalpis) (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
E: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
F: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
G: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
H: plagiostomum whitmani
I: somalicharmus whitmanae
J: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
K: leptonema intermedium
L: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
M: myzomyia longipalpis (aka anopheles longipalpis)
N: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
O: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
P: None of the above. | [L; G; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, despite the presence of diagnostic morphological characters to identify L. intermedia and L. whitmani [1] the level of molecular divergence in period is not as high as the cryptic L. longipalpis siblings.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani; l. longipalpis]
<Options>: A: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
B: myzomyia longipalpis (aka anopheles longipalpis)
C: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
E: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
F: lomanius longipalpus longipalpus
G: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
H: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
J: phlebotomus longipalpis (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
K: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
L: microleon longipalpus
M: calamus whitmorei
N: 'lactobacillus intermedius' (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
O: longipalpis species complex
P: None of the above. | [H; C; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[38] as well as simulations that fit the "Isolation with Migration" model to the data suggest that L. intermedia and L. whitmani might be exchanging alleles at the per locus.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: leptonema intermedium
B: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
C: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
D: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
E: chionodes whitmanella
F: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
G: leptophlebia intermedia
H: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: plagiostomum whitmani
J: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
K: None of the above. | [H; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[38] as well as simulations that fit the "Isolation with Migration" model to the data suggest that L. intermedia and L. whitmani might be exchanging alleles at the per locus.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: oldenburgia intermedia
C: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
D: vellozia intermedia
E: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
F: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
G: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
H: plagiostomum whitmani
I: calamus whitmorei
J: mancinella intermedia
K: None of the above. | [G; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Introgression of genes that control adaptation to particular types of environment can also have a major impact on the spread of vector-borne diseases as was proposed for the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae [41].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [anopheles gambiae]
<Options>: A: anopheles coluzzii (anopheles gambiae m) (aka anopheles coluzzii)
B: anopheles <subgenus> (anopheles) (aka anopheles <subgenus>)
C: african malaria mosquito (aka anopheles gambiae)
D: gambiae species complex
E: anopheles gambiae x anopheles arabiensis
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Introgression of genes that control adaptation to particular types of environment can also have a major impact on the spread of vector-borne diseases as was proposed for the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae [41].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [anopheles gambiae]
<Options>: A: anopheles <subgenus> (anopheles) (aka anopheles <subgenus>)
B: gambiae species complex
C: anopheles coluzzii (anopheles gambiae m) (aka anopheles coluzzii)
D: anopheles gambiae x anopheles arabiensis
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[42] found a kdr mutation responsible for pyrethroid resistance in the Mopti form of Anopheles gambiae, a normally susceptible taxon of this species complex.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [anopheles gambiae]
<Options>: A: anopheles (aka anopheles <series>)
B: anopheles minor
C: anopheles sp. a/1
D: anopheles <genus> (anopheles) (aka anopheles <genus>)
E: anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (aka anopheles gambiae)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although L. intermedia and L. whitmani are closely related and only distinguished by a few morphological differences, they do show differentiation in some other important traits.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: raja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
B: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
D: plagiostomum whitmani
E: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
F: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
G: mancinella intermedia
H: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
I: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
J: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
K: None of the above. | [B; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although L. intermedia and L. whitmani are closely related and only distinguished by a few morphological differences, they do show differentiation in some other important traits.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: leishmania killicki
B: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
C: leptophlebia intermedia
D: chionodes whitmanella
E: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
F: mancinella intermedia
G: somalicharmus whitmanae
H: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
I: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
J: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
K: None of the above. | [I; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia is more abundant in the summer while L. whitmani is more frequent in the winter months', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
B: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
C: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
E: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
F: vellozia intermedia
G: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
H: orobdella whitmani
I: licuala intermedia
J: leptonema intermedium
K: None of the above. | [G; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia is more abundant in the summer while L. whitmani is more frequent in the winter months', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
B: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: raja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
D: somalicharmus whitmanae
E: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
F: oldenburgia intermedia
G: plagiostomum whitmani
H: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
I: mancinella intermedia
J: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
K: None of the above. | [J; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They also show differences in microhabitat preferences, L. intermedia being more common in the peridomestic area while L. whitmani is found mainly in the surrounding forest [2].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: oldenburgia intermedia
C: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
D: somalicharmus whitmanae
E: leishmania killicki
F: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
G: mancinella intermedia
H: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: plagiostomum whitmani
J: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
K: None of the above. | [H; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They also show differences in microhabitat preferences, L. intermedia being more common in the peridomestic area while L. whitmani is found mainly in the surrounding forest [2].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
B: licuala intermedia
C: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
D: vellozia intermedia
E: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
F: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
G: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
H: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
J: somalicharmus whitmanae
K: None of the above. | [H; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [humans; l. whitmani; l. intermedia]
<Options>: A: primate (aka primates)
B: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: raja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: 'lactobacillus intermedius' (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
F: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
G: biota (aka cellular organisms)
H: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
I: chionodes whitmanella
J: harttiella intermedia
K: licuala intermedia
L: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
M: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
N: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
O: neanderthal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
P: None of the above. | [D; B; M] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [humans; l. whitmani; l. intermedia]
<Options>: A: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
B: birds (aka aves)
C: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
E: somalicharmus whitmanae
F: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
G: spiniraja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
H: licuala intermedia
I: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
J: calamus whitmorei
K: mancinella intermedia
L: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
M: human (aka homo sapiens)
N: macrobiotus sapiens
O: mammals (aka mammalia)
P: None of the above. | [M; F; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [humans; l. whitmani; l. intermedia]
<Options>: A: species
B: calamus whitmorei
C: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
D: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: mancinella intermedia
F: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
G: human (aka homo sapiens)
H: biota (aka cellular organisms)
I: genus
J: harttiella intermedia
K: leptophlebia intermedia
L: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
M: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
N: orobdella whitmani
O: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
P: None of the above. | [G; D; M] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is yet not clear whether introgression has played an important role in the evolution of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
C: 'lactobacillus intermedius' (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
D: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
E: licuala intermedia
F: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
G: plagiostomum whitmani
H: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
J: chionodes whitmanella
K: None of the above. | [H; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is yet not clear whether introgression has played an important role in the evolution of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
B: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
C: vellozia intermedia
D: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: spiniraja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
F: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
G: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
H: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: harttiella intermedia
J: leishmania killicki
K: None of the above. | [H; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: licuala intermedia
B: somalicharmus whitmanae
C: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: vellozia intermedia
E: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
F: leptonema intermedium
G: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
H: raja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
I: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
J: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
K: None of the above. | [C; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: leishmania killicki
B: chionodes whitmanella
C: licuala intermedia
D: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
E: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
F: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
G: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
H: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: plagiostomum whitmani
J: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
K: None of the above. | [H; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
B: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
C: plagiostomum whitmani
D: licuala intermedia
E: leishmania killicki
F: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
G: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
H: chionodes whitmanella
I: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
J: None of the above. | [J; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It might, on the other hand, suggest that this behavioral gene, or at least the fragment we analyzed, did not play a role in speciation between L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: orobdella whitmani
B: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: harttiella intermedia
D: leishmania killicki
E: chionodes whitmanella
F: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
G: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
H: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: vellozia intermedia
J: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
K: None of the above. | [H; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It might, on the other hand, suggest that this behavioral gene, or at least the fragment we analyzed, did not play a role in speciation between L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: orobdella whitmani
B: vellozia intermedia
C: mancinella intermedia
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: harttiella intermedia
F: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
G: chionodes whitmanella
H: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
I: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
J: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
K: None of the above. | [I; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[44] despite per's role controlling lovesong and mating rhythm differences between D. melanogaster and D. simulans [13-16].
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [d. melanogaster; d. simulans]
<Options>: A: hawaiian drosophila
B: drosophila similis
C: drosophila simulans
D: drosophila <basidiomycete fungi> (drosophila) (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
E: apodospora simulans
F: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <flies>)
G: drosophila melanogaster (sophophora melanogaster) (aka drosophila melanogaster)
H: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <basidiomycete fungi>)
I: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,subgenus>)
J: melanogaster subgroup
K: None of the above. | [G; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[44] despite per's role controlling lovesong and mating rhythm differences between D. melanogaster and D. simulans [13-16].
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [d. melanogaster; d. simulans]
<Options>: A: parasteatoda simulans
B: hawaiian drosophila
C: bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster (aka bactrocera melanogaster)
D: drosophila simulans
E: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
F: drosophila <basidiomycete fungi> (drosophila) (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
G: crassula simulans
H: flies (aka diptera)
I: pleiospilos simulans
J: melanogaster <flies> (melanogaster) (aka melanogaster <flies>)
K: None of the above. | [E; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although the evidence for introgression in the per gene between L. intermedia and L. whitmani is not overwhelming, it does indicate the need to extend this analysis to other loci in the future.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
C: mancinella intermedia
D: leptophlebia intermedia
E: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: leishmania killicki
G: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
H: calamus whitmorei
I: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
J: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
K: None of the above. | [A; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although the evidence for introgression in the per gene between L. intermedia and L. whitmani is not overwhelming, it does indicate the need to extend this analysis to other loci in the future.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: calamus whitmorei
B: leishmania killicki
C: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
D: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
F: mancinella intermedia
G: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
H: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
I: leptophlebia intermedia
J: None of the above. | [J; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although the evidence for introgression in the per gene between L. intermedia and L. whitmani is not overwhelming, it does indicate the need to extend this analysis to other loci in the future.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
C: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
D: leptophlebia intermedia
E: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
F: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
G: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
H: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
I: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
J: leishmania killicki
K: None of the above. | [A; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia and L. whitmani were identified according to Young and Duncan [1].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
B: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: somalicharmus whitmanae
E: vellozia intermedia
F: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
G: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
H: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
I: leptophlebia intermedia
J: lemmaphyllum intermedium (lepidogrammitis intermedia) (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
K: None of the above. | [C; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia and L. whitmani were identified according to Young and Duncan [1].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: somalicharmus whitmanae
B: calamus whitmorei
C: licuala intermedia
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
G: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
H: mancinella intermedia
I: plagiostomum whitmani
J: spiniraja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
K: None of the above. | [F; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[45] and only one F1 male of each female was used for the molecular analysis, which included 68 individuals of L. intermedia (12 from Afonso Claudio, 18 from Posse, 20 from Corte de Pedra and 18 from Jacarepaguá) and 51 individuals of L. whitmani (12 from Afonso Claudio, 17 from Posse, 3 from Corte de Pedra and 19 from Ilhéus).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
C: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
D: harttiella intermedia
E: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
F: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
G: leptonema intermedium
H: leishmania killicki
I: chionodes whitmanella
J: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
K: None of the above. | [A; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[45] and only one F1 male of each female was used for the molecular analysis, which included 68 individuals of L. intermedia (12 from Afonso Claudio, 18 from Posse, 20 from Corte de Pedra and 18 from Jacarepaguá) and 51 individuals of L. whitmani (12 from Afonso Claudio, 17 from Posse, 3 from Corte de Pedra and 19 from Ilhéus).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: spiniraja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
B: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
C: mancinella intermedia
D: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
E: somalicharmus whitmanae
F: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
G: chionodes whitmanella
H: calamus whitmorei
I: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
J: leptophlebia intermedia
K: None of the above. | [F; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[45] and only one F1 male of each female was used for the molecular analysis, which included 68 individuals of L. intermedia (12 from Afonso Claudio, 18 from Posse, 20 from Corte de Pedra and 18 from Jacarepaguá) and 51 individuals of L. whitmani (12 from Afonso Claudio, 17 from Posse, 3 from Corte de Pedra and 19 from Ilhéus).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: calamus whitmorei
C: chionodes whitmanella
D: mancinella intermedia
E: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
F: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
G: spiniraja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
H: leptophlebia intermedia
I: somalicharmus whitmanae
J: None of the above. | [J; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'With the exception of two L. whitmani individuals from Corte de Pedra (see below), only one sequence of each sand fly (representing one of the two possible alleles) was used in the analysis but an average of three sequences per individual were obtained in order to check possible PCR induced mutations.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: leishmania killicki
B: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: plagiostomum whitmani
D: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
E: spiniraja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the case of the two L. whitmani mentioned above 6 and 9 clones were sequenced respectively from specimens WCP01 and WCP03 to determine both alleles simply to increase the size of this small sample.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
C: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
D: leishmania killicki
E: chionodes whitmanella
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rap1p and other transcriptional regulators can function in defining distinct domains of gene expression
Abstract
Barrier elements that are able to block the propagation of transcriptional silencing in yeast are functionally similar to chromatin boundary/insulator elements in metazoans that delimit functional chromosomal domains.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycodes
B: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
C: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The HML and HMR loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are silent chromatin domains (1).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [saccharomyces cerevisiae]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
B: saccharomyces paradoxus
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces uvarum
D: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
E: saccharomyces italicus (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The SIR complex consisting of Sir2p through Sir4p is an integral part of yeast silent chromatin.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
C: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
D: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
E: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In vertebrates and fission yeast, spread of silent chromatin involves a chain of events of histone H3 deacetylation → H3 methylation → binding of methylated H3 by HP1 (heterochromatin protein 1) or swi6 (4).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: saccharomycodes
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In S.cerevisiae, there is evidence that Sir3p (hence the SIR complex) has much higher affinity to unacetylated histone H4 than acetylated H4 (5).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [s.cerevisiae]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
B: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyceta
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'One of the best characterized insulators is the chicken HS4 insulator at the β-globin locus.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken]
<Options>: A: gallorhynchus
B: gallio
C: chickens (aka gallus gallus)
D: gallasellus
E: gallus
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, sequences that could block the spread of silent chromatin have been discovered in S.cerevisiae (7,8).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [s.cerevisiae]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae synthetic construct
E: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The mechanisms underlying barrier functions in yeast are not known.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
B: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
D: saccharomyces sp.
E: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The mechanisms underlying barrier functions in yeast are not known.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
B: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
C: saccharomyces sp.
D: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we found that in addition to TEF2-UAS, UASs of many yeast genes exhibit barrier activity.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces sp.
B: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
C: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyceta
E: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA)
Rap1p was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) from pL3S5, a pET vector carrying the RAP1 gene downstream of a T7 promoter (26).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [escherichia coli bl21 (de3)]
<Options>: A: escherichia coli strain bl21(de3) (aka escherichia coli bl21(de3))
B: pseudomonas aeruginosa bl21
C: escherichia coli strain bl21 (aka escherichia coli bl21)
D: escherichia coli mg1657 (escherichia coli strain mg1657) (aka escherichia coli mg1657)
E: escherichia coli str. bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag (aka escherichia coli 'bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag')
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5 µg of crude protein extract, non-specific competitor DNAs (0.3 µg of yeast tRNA, 0.3 µg of salmon sperm DNA and 0.5 µg of E.coli DNA), 10 µg of BSA, 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM MgCl2 and 8% glycerol.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; salmon; e.coli]
<Options>: A: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
B: atlantic salmon (aka salmo salar)
C: salmon trout (aka oncorhynchus masou)
D: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
F: salmonidae (salmonids) (aka salmonidae)
G: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
H: escherichia
I: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
J: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
K: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
L: black sea salmon (aka salmo labrax)
M: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
N: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
O: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
P: None of the above. | [J; F; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5 µg of crude protein extract, non-specific competitor DNAs (0.3 µg of yeast tRNA, 0.3 µg of salmon sperm DNA and 0.5 µg of E.coli DNA), 10 µg of BSA, 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM MgCl2 and 8% glycerol.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; salmon; e.coli]
<Options>: A: atlantic salmon (aka salmo salar)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
D: unspecified coliform bacterium
E: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
G: escherichia phage
H: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
I: saccharomycodes
J: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
K: salmoniformes (salmons and trouts) (aka salmoniformes)
L: salmonids (aka salmonidae)
M: oncorhynchus mykiss (oncorhynchus nerka mykiss) (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
N: saccharomyces sp.
O: saccharomyceta
P: None of the above. | [B; L; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5 µg of crude protein extract, non-specific competitor DNAs (0.3 µg of yeast tRNA, 0.3 µg of salmon sperm DNA and 0.5 µg of E.coli DNA), 10 µg of BSA, 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM MgCl2 and 8% glycerol.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; salmon; e.coli]
<Options>: A: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
B: saccharomyceta
C: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
D: black sea salmon (aka salmo labrax)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
G: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
H: saccharomycodes
I: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
J: salmoniformes (salmons and trouts) (aka salmoniformes)
K: escherichia sp.
L: escherichia phage
M: escherichia
N: salmo gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
O: salmonids (aka salmonidae)
P: None of the above. | [E; O; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of the supercoiling of DNA circles
Cells were grown in YPR (yeast extract + bacto peptone + 2% raffinose) to early log phase.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
D: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'TEF2 encoding translation elongation factor 1α is one of the most highly expressed genes in yeast (27).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
E: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this report we used the topology assay to address if barrier elements altered local chromatin structure as Drosophila or chicken insulators did (40,41).
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [drosophila; chicken]
<Options>: A: bactrocera melanogaster (bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster) (aka bactrocera melanogaster)
B: hawaiian drosophila
C: gallus gallus (gallus gallus domesticus) (aka gallus gallus)
D: gallus
E: melanogaster <flies> (melanogaster) (aka melanogaster <flies>)
F: turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
G: gallio
H: gallus sp.
I: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
J: melanogaster subgroup
K: None of the above. | [I; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this report we used the topology assay to address if barrier elements altered local chromatin structure as Drosophila or chicken insulators did (40,41).
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [drosophila; chicken]
<Options>: A: hawaiian drosophila
B: wild turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
C: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
D: gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
E: gallorhynchus
F: flies (aka diptera)
G: miletus gallus gallus
H: melanogaster <flies> (melanogaster) (aka melanogaster <flies>)
I: drosophila melanogaster (sophophora melanogaster) (aka drosophila melanogaster)
J: landfowls (aka galliformes)
K: None of the above. | [C; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Various sequences (designated X) from UASs of TEF2, AgTEF (TEF gene from Ashbya gossypii) and ADE2 were inserted between HML-E and HMLα at HMLΔI (HML locus deleted for the I silencer) flanked by the FRT sites for the Flp1p site-specific recombinase (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [ashbya gossypii]
<Options>: A: ashbya gossypii (s.f. ashby & w. nowell) guillierm., 1928 (aka eremothecium gossypii)
B: macrosporium gossypinum (aka alternaria gossypina)
C: cercospora gossypii
D: hippolytia gossypina
E: aphelinus gossypii
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These newly identified barrier elements together with previously described barrier elements (STARs, HMR-tRNA gene, TEF2-UAS and CHA1-UAS) (9–11,21) are scattered across the yeast genome and may play a role in dividing the genome into functional domains.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycodes
B: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyces sp.
E: saccharomyceta
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For instance, the chicken β-globin insulator was linked to changes in nucleosome positioning, and the Drosophila scs and scs′ boundary elements are associated with unusual chromatin structures that are hypersensitive to nucleases (40,41).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken; drosophila]
<Options>: A: melanogaster group
B: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
C: chickens (aka gallus gallus)
D: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
E: gallus
F: melanogaster subgroup
G: birds (aka aves)
H: gallasellus
I: galliformes (landfowls) (aka galliformes)
J: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,subgenus>)
K: None of the above. | [C; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For instance, the chicken β-globin insulator was linked to changes in nucleosome positioning, and the Drosophila scs and scs′ boundary elements are associated with unusual chromatin structures that are hypersensitive to nucleases (40,41).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken; drosophila]
<Options>: A: gallus gallus (gallus gallus domesticus) (aka gallus gallus)
B: flies (aka diptera)
C: melanogaster subgroup
D: drosophila (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
E: gallus sp.
F: birds (aka aves)
G: drosophila melanogaster (sophophora melanogaster) (aka drosophila melanogaster)
H: fruit flies (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
I: turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
J: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
K: None of the above. | [A; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, it is not clear whether any chromatin change associated with barrier function in yeast or insulator function in higher cells is the cause or effect of the function.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyceta
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
D: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
E: saccharomyces sp.
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In fact, recruitment of HAT activity has also been suggested to be the mechanism underlying the function of the chicken β-globin insulator (6), although it was not known what HAT might be involved.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken]
<Options>: A: miletus gallus gallus
B: gallorhynchus
C: landfowls (aka galliformes)
D: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
E: birds (aka aves)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host immunity in the protective response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei
Abstract
Background
We performed initial cell, cytokine and complement depletion studies to investigate the possible role of these effectors in response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei in a susceptible BALB/c mouse model of infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [burkholderia mallei; mouse]
<Options>: A: burkholderia mallei strain_6
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: burkholderia mallei savp1 (burkholderia mallei strain savp1) (aka burkholderia mallei savp1)
D: pfeifferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
F: burkholderia mallei strain_11
G: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
H: burkholderia mallei 2002721280 (burkholderia mallei strain 2002721280) (aka burkholderia mallei 2002721280)
I: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
J: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
K: None of the above. | [D; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host immunity in the protective response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei
Abstract
Background
We performed initial cell, cytokine and complement depletion studies to investigate the possible role of these effectors in response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei in a susceptible BALB/c mouse model of infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [burkholderia mallei; mouse]
<Options>: A: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
B: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
E: burkholderia mallei jhu (burkholderia mallei strain jhu) (aka burkholderia mallei jhu)
F: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
G: mucilaginibacter mallensis
H: actinobacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
I: burkholderia mallei fmh (burkholderia mallei strain fmh) (aka burkholderia mallei fmh)
J: burkholderia mallei savp1 (burkholderia mallei strain savp1) (aka burkholderia mallei savp1)
K: None of the above. | [H; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results demonstrated that mice depleted of either B cells, TNF-α or IFN-γ exhibited decreased survival rates, indicating a role for these effectors in obtaining partial protection from a lethal challenge by the intraperitoneal route.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
B: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
C: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
D: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
E: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results demonstrated that mice depleted of either B cells, TNF-α or IFN-γ exhibited decreased survival rates, indicating a role for these effectors in obtaining partial protection from a lethal challenge by the intraperitoneal route.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
B: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
C: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
The data provide a basis for future studies of protection via vaccination using either subunit or whole-organism vaccine preparations from lethal infection in the experimental BALB/c mouse model.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse]
<Options>: A: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
B: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
C: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
Burkholderia mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders, is a gram-negative, capsulated, non-motile, facultative intracelluar bacterium.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [burkholderia mallei]
<Options>: A: burkholderia mallei (actinobacillus mallei) (aka burkholderia mallei)
B: burkholderia mallei strain_6
C: burkholderia mallei a188
D: burkholderia mallei str. fmh (aka burkholderia mallei fmh)
E: burkholderia mallei savp1 (burkholderia mallei strain savp1) (aka burkholderia mallei savp1)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Most known members of the Burkholderiaceae are resident in the soil; however, B. mallei is thought to be an obligate mammalian pathogen.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: mallomonas papillosa
B: loefferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
C: mallomonas peronoides (aka mallomonas peroneides)
D: malleco
E: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Horses are highly susceptible to infection and considered the natural reservoir for infection, although mules and donkeys are also susceptible [1].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [horses; donkeys]
<Options>: A: equus przewalskii (equus caballus przewalskii) (aka equus przewalskii)
B: equus subg. asinus (aka equus)
C: equus caballus ferus (aka equus ferus)
D: eques
E: african ass (aka equus asinus)
F: hybrid of male horse and female donkey (aka equus caballus x equus asinus)
G: equus asinus asinus
H: equetus
I: horse (aka equus caballus)
J: equus africanus (aka equus asinus africanus)
K: None of the above. | [I; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Horses are highly susceptible to infection and considered the natural reservoir for infection, although mules and donkeys are also susceptible [1].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [horses; donkeys]
<Options>: A: horses (aka equidae)
B: equus przewalskii (equus caballus przewalskii) (aka equus przewalskii)
C: equus asinus asinus
D: equidae (horses) (aka equidae)
E: domestic horse (aka equus caballus)
F: eques
G: ass (aka equus asinus) (aka equus asinus)
H: equus asinus africanus (equus africanus asinus) (aka equus asinus africanus)
I: equus subg. asinus (aka equus)
J: None of the above. | [E; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clinically, glanders in solipeds can present as either a chronic (horses) or acute (mules and donkeys) form.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [horses; donkeys]
<Options>: A: equus caballus x equus asinus (hybrid of male horse and female donkey) (aka equus caballus x equus asinus)
B: equine (aka equus caballus)
C: horses (aka equidae)
D: equetus
E: equus asinus africanus (equus africanus asinus) (aka equus asinus africanus)
F: domestic horse (aka equus caballus)
G: equus przewalskii (equus caballus przewalskii) (aka equus przewalskii)
H: equus africanus (aka equus asinus africanus)
I: equus subg. equus (aka equus)
J: ass (aka equus asinus) (aka equus asinus)
K: None of the above. | [F; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clinically, glanders in solipeds can present as either a chronic (horses) or acute (mules and donkeys) form.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [horses; donkeys]
<Options>: A: equus africanus (aka equus asinus africanus)
B: domestic horse (aka equus caballus)
C: hybrid of male horse and female donkey (aka equus caballus x equus asinus)
D: equus sp.
E: equus asinus africanus (equus africanus asinus) (aka equus asinus africanus)
F: eques
G: equus asinus (ass (aka equus asinus))
H: equidae (horses) (aka equidae)
I: equus subg. asinus (aka equus)
J: None of the above. | [B; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Naturally acquired human infection with B. mallei, although not seen in the United States since 1945, has occurred rarely and sporadically among laboratory workers and those in direct contact with infected animals [2].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; b. mallei]
<Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
C: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
D: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
E: this
F: mammals (aka mammalia)
G: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
H: mucilaginibacter mallensis
I: suborder
J: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
K: None of the above. | [A; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Naturally acquired human infection with B. mallei, although not seen in the United States since 1945, has occurred rarely and sporadically among laboratory workers and those in direct contact with infected animals [2].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; b. mallei]
<Options>: A: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
B: avian (aka aves)
C: mallomonas papillosa
D: erysiphe malloti
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
G: animals (aka metazoa)
H: cellular organisms (biota) (aka cellular organisms)
I: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
J: primate (aka primates)
K: None of the above. | [E; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Inhalation of aerosol or dust containing B. mallei can lead to septicemic, pulmonary, or chronic infections of the muscle, liver and spleen.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: bartonella melophagi (candidatus bartonella melophagi) (aka bartonella melophagi)
B: mucilaginibacter mallensis
C: mallomonas papillosa
D: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
E: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There is no human or animal vaccine available for glanders, and development of a partial or fully protective adaptive host response to the organism has not been well-defined.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: biota (aka cellular organisms)
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: avian (aka aves)
D: kingdom
E: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Previous studies with B. mallei and the host response have shown that a mixed immune response consisting of both Th1 and Th2-associated cytokines with a predominant IgG1 subclass does not correlate with protection [4].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: mallomonas papillosa
B: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
C: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
D: mucilaginibacter mallensis
E: loefferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additional studies with passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies specific for B. mallei have correlated with early protection from infection [5].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: inocybe subg. mallocybe (aka mallocybe)
B: burkholderia mallei (actinobacillus mallei) (aka burkholderia mallei)
C: malleco
D: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
E: mucilaginibacter mallensis
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recent studies have also shown the Th1 cytokine IL-12 to mediate partial protection to non-viable B. mallei-vaccinated mice [6].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; mice]
<Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mallomonas peronoides (aka mallomonas peroneides)
C: malleco
D: mucilaginibacter mallensis
E: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
F: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
G: bacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
H: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
I: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
J: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
K: None of the above. | [G; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recent studies have also shown the Th1 cytokine IL-12 to mediate partial protection to non-viable B. mallei-vaccinated mice [6].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; mice]
<Options>: A: erysiphe malloti
B: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
C: mucilaginibacter mallensis
D: inocybe subg. mallocybe (aka mallocybe)
E: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
F: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
G: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
H: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
I: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
J: actinobacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
K: None of the above. | [J; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, full correlates of protection mediated by the adaptive immune system against B. mallei remain to be fully elucidated.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: erysiphe malloti
B: malleco
C: mallomonas papillosa
D: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
E: actinobacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this series of studies, we sought to address the impact of depletion of the major effector lymphoid cell populations (B220+ B cells, CD4+ or CD8+ T cells) and key pro-inflammatory/Type 1 cytokines (IFN-γ or TNF-α) on survival in BALB/c mice vaccinated with heat killed (HK) bacilli followed by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge with live organism.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
B: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
C: peromyscus
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Heat killed bacteria were used as a model of vaccination to allow evaluation of B. mallei specific immune responses.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
B: mallomonas papillosa
C: bacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
D: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
E: mucilaginibacter mallensis
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Heat-killed B. mallei vaccination mediates partial protection from lethal challenge
To begin to address this issue in an animal model of acute infection, we established that immunologically naive BALB/c mice challenged i.p.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; mice]
<Options>: A: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mucilaginibacter mallensis
D: erysiphe malloti
E: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
G: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
H: peromyscus
I: burkholderia mallei (actinobacillus mallei) (aka burkholderia mallei)
J: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
K: None of the above. | [I; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Heat-killed B. mallei vaccination mediates partial protection from lethal challenge
To begin to address this issue in an animal model of acute infection, we established that immunologically naive BALB/c mice challenged i.p.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; mice]
<Options>: A: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
B: mucilaginibacter mallensis
C: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
D: peromyscus
E: mallomonas peronoides (aka mallomonas peroneides)
F: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
G: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
H: mouse (aka mus musculus)
I: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
J: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
K: None of the above. | [G; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Heat-killed B. mallei vaccination mediates partial protection from lethal challenge
To begin to address this issue in an animal model of acute infection, we established that immunologically naive BALB/c mice challenged i.p.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; mice]
<Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mucilaginibacter mallensis
C: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
D: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
F: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
G: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
H: mallomonas peronoides (aka mallomonas peroneides)
I: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
J: None of the above. | [C; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two independent experiments resulted in similar findings of 40% survival for HK-vaccinated mice with a mean survival time (MST) of 8 days versus 4 days in naïve mice (Fig. 1).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: mice (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
C: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The administration of vaccines for B. mallei during an outbreak would mandate relatively rapid onset of protection for human or veterinary use.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; human]
<Options>: A: biota (aka cellular organisms)
B: malleco
C: kingdom
D: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
E: mallomonas peronoides (aka mallomonas peroneides)
F: acinetobacter mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
G: animals (aka metazoa)
H: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
I: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
J: genus
K: None of the above. | [F; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The administration of vaccines for B. mallei during an outbreak would mandate relatively rapid onset of protection for human or veterinary use.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; human]
<Options>: A: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
B: pfeifferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
C: mallomonas papillosa
D: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
E: mammals (aka mammalia)
F: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
G: human (aka homo sapiens)
H: species
I: erysiphe malloti
J: genus
K: None of the above. | [B; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results indicate that HK vaccination can afford partial protection to an otherwise lethal challenge of B. mallei by the i.p. route.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: inocybe subg. mallocybe (aka mallocybe)
B: mallomonas papillosa
C: mucilaginibacter mallensis
D: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Effects of cell depletion on HK-vaccinated survival
To dissect the cellular basis for protection mediated by HK vaccination, 13 days after immunization with HK bacteria (day -1), and at day of challenge, mice were dosed with antibodies to deplete CD4+, CD8+ or B220+ cells.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
B: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
C: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
D: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
E: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Antibody depletion of CD4+, CD8+, or B220+ cells in these mice was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis with depletion efficiencies for CD4, CD8, and B220 populations at 99.7%, 96%, and 95%, respectively, relative to mice treated with isotype control monoclonal antibodies (data not shown).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
D: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results demonstrated decreased survival rates in B220 (p = 0.3418), CD4+ (p = 0.5417) and CD8+ (p = 0.4684) antibody depleted mice, compared to isotype control antibody, a finding that indicated a possible role for vaccine induced antibody production.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
B: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When challenged with 2 × 107 CFU/mouse by the i.p. route, loss of T cells resulted in reduced survival (50%) relative to the non-specific isotype control (Fig. 2).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse]
<Options>: A: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
D: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
E: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When challenged with 2 × 107 CFU/mouse by the i.p. route, loss of T cells resulted in reduced survival (50%) relative to the non-specific isotype control (Fig. 2).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse]
<Options>: A: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
B: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
C: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
D: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further evaluate the necessity of these effector cells in providing protection following HK vaccination, relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice, deficient in mature B-cells (μMT), CD4 T-cells (CD4-/-) or CD8 T-cells (CD8-/-) were subjected to an identical HK vaccination and challenge regimen.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
B: peromyscus
C: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
D: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Mature, B-cell-deficient mice demonstrated a 50% decreased survival (p = 0.0888) compared to the wild-type mice with an MST of 35.5 days (Fig. 3).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
B: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
C: peromyscus
D: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
E: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'CD4-/- and CD8-/- mice exhibited a 60% (p = 0.1343) and 0% reduced survival, respectively (Fig. 3).
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
C: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
D: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Effects of cytokine depletion on HK vaccination
Similar studies were performed to determine the role of IFN-γ or TNF-α in acute infection in BALB/c mice immunized with HK bacteria.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
C: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
D: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
E: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Six hours before challenge, mice were dosed with antibodies that neutralize IFN-γ or TNF-α.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: peromyscus
C: mice (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
D: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
E: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Individual depletion of either TNF-α (p = 0.0145) or IFN-γ (p = 0.0446) resulted in 100% mortality with an MST of 3 and 2 days, respectively, compared to the HK-vaccinated isotype control mice (Fig. 4).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
B: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
C: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
E: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, 40% of HK-vaccinated, isotype control mice survived to at least 12 days post-challenge (Fig 4).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
B: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
C: peromyscus
D: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
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