instruction stringlengths 225 2.35k | input stringlengths 89 1.5k | response stringclasses 698 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Immunohistochemistry was carried on as described above using a rat anti-CldU/BrdU primary antibody (1∶200, monoclonal, Immunologicalsdirect, Oxfordshire, UK), with an additional denaturation in 1 M HCl for 30 minutes prior to pre-incubation with serum.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rat]
<Options>: A: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
B: rattus pyctoris (rattus rattoides) (aka rattus pyctoris)
C: rats (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
D: mus norvegicus (aka rattus norvegicus)
E: rattus norvegicus albus
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For immunocytochemistry, cultures were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at day 7, rinsed with PBS three times, treated with 1 M HCl at 65°C for 5–10 min, pre-incubated and then incubated with a rat anti-CldU/BrdU antibody and other primary antibodies.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rat]
<Options>: A: rattus norvegicus (rats (aka rattus norvegicus))
B: mus rattus (aka rattus rattus)
C: rattus norvegicus albus
D: rattus rattoides (aka rattus pyctoris)
E: rattus sp. (rats (aka rattus sp.))
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In utero surgery
Timed pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats with embryos at gestational age E15.5 were anesthetized with halothane.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [sprague dawley rats]
<Options>: A: rattus exulans (polynesian rat) (aka rattus exulans)
B: rattus norvegicus albus
C: rattus rattus kandianus
D: house rat (aka rattus rattus)
E: norway rat (aka rattus norvegicus)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In utero surgery
Timed pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats with embryos at gestational age E15.5 were anesthetized with halothane.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [sprague dawley rats]
<Options>: A: house rat (aka rattus rattus)
B: rattus norvegicus albus
C: rattus exulans (polynesian rat) (aka rattus exulans)
D: rattus rattus kandianus
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, more than 25 Ngn2 null, >45 Ngn2 heterozygotes, and >60 WT individuals (including rats injected with retroviruses) were analyzed, in total.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rats]
<Options>: A: rats (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
B: black rat (aka rattus rattus)
C: rattus norvegicus albus
D: rattus sp. (rats (aka rattus sp.))
E: rattus norvegicus (rats (aka rattus norvegicus))
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'All data are expressed as±standard error of the mean (SEM).
Human sample and RT-PCR
The brain from a 64 year-old male was provided by the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: birds (aka aves)
B: kingdom
C: probles
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: suborder
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Five millimeters thick fresh human hippocampal tissue sample was snap frozen.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
B: kingdom
C: genus
D: this
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Some of them (but not the parent sulfonamides) strongly lowered IOP in rabbits when administered as a 2% solution into the eye.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rabbits]
<Options>: A: rabbits (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
B: bovidae
C: lepus europaeus europaeus
D: marsh rabbit (aka sylvilagus palustris)
E: swamp rabbit (aka sylvilagus aquaticus)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Some of them (but not the parent sulfonamides) strongly lowered IOP in rabbits when administered as a 2% solution into the eye.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rabbits]
<Options>: A: lepus cuniculus (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
B: marsh rabbit (aka sylvilagus palustris)
C: lepus (hares) (aka lepus)
D: cattle (aka bos)
E: bovidae
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The new compounds have been characterized by standard physico-chemical procedures, and were assayed as inhibitors of three CA isozymes, hCA I, hCA II and bCA IV (h human; b bovine; these are the isozymes considered to play a critical role in aqueous humour secretion within the eye of higher vertebrates [2-5]).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; bovine]
<Options>: A: bovidae
B: bos primigenius taurus (aka bos taurus)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: birds (aka aves)
E: boveria
F: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
G: species
H: bos sp.
I: probles
J: macrobiotus sapiens
K: None of the above. | [C; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The new compounds have been characterized by standard physico-chemical procedures, and were assayed as inhibitors of three CA isozymes, hCA I, hCA II and bCA IV (h human; b bovine; these are the isozymes considered to play a critical role in aqueous humour secretion within the eye of higher vertebrates [2-5]).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; bovine]
<Options>: A: homo (humans) (aka homo)
B: bovidae
C: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
D: domestic cattle (aka bos taurus)
E: kingdom
F: primate (aka primates)
G: boveria
H: genus
I: bos sp.
J: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
K: None of the above. | [J; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Human CA and CA II cDNAs were expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) from the plasmids pACA/hCA I and pACAdaCA II described by Forsman et al.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: probles
B: avian (aka aves)
C: biota (aka cellular organisms)
D: genus
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Human CA and CA II cDNAs were expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) from the plasmids pACA/hCA I and pACAdaCA II described by Forsman et al.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: avian (aka aves)
B: biota (aka cellular organisms)
C: genus
D: probles
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'IV was isolated from bovine lung microsomes as described by Maren et al, and its concentration has been determined by titration with ethoxzolamide [33].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bovine]
<Options>: A: bovidae
B: boveria
C: cow (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
D: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
E: bovinae
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Measurement of tonometric lOP Adult male New Zealand albino rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were used in the experiments (three animals were used for each inhibitor studied).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rabbits]
<Options>: A: marsh rabbit (aka sylvilagus palustris)
B: lepus europaeus europaeus
C: rabbit (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
D: swamp rabbit (aka sylvilagus aquaticus)
E: hares (aka lepus)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The rabbits were kept in individual cages with food and water provided ad libitum.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rabbits]
<Options>: A: rabbits and hares (aka leporidae)
B: rabbit (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
C: swamp rabbit (aka sylvilagus aquaticus)
D: ox (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
E: lepus europaeus europaeus
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The ocular hypotensive activity is expressed as the average difference in IOP between the treated and control eye, in this way minimizing the diurnal, seasonal and interindividual variations commonly observed in the rabbit [37-39].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rabbit]
<Options>: A: bovidae
B: rabbits (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
C: lepus (hares) (aka lepus)
D: marsh rabbit (aka sylvilagus palustris)
E: ox (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In vivo IOP lowering experiments were done in rabbits with some of the new compounds prepared in the present work, such as the sulfonamides 6 and 7, and their Zn(II) complexes, which were among the strong CA II and CA IV inhibitors in the obtained series.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rabbits]
<Options>: A: marsh rabbit (aka sylvilagus palustris)
B: european rabbit (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
C: cattle (aka bos)
D: leporidae (rabbits and hares) (aka leporidae)
E: ox (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Some of the IOP lowering data at half an hour and one hour after the instillation of one drop of 2 % solution of inhibitor within the rabbit eye are shown in 312
Claudiu T. Supuran et al.
Metal-Based Drugs
Table IV, with dorzolamide (at the same concentration) as standard.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rabbit]
<Options>: A: oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (lepus cuniculus cuniculus) (aka oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)
B: bovidae
C: ox (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
D: domestic rabbit (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
E: lepus europaeus europaeus
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Acetazolamide Methazolamide Ethoxzolamide
Dichlorophenamide Dorzolamide
Human (cloned) isozymes; b From bovine lung microsomes.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; bovine]
<Options>: A: bovidae
B: animals (aka metazoa)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: cattle (aka bos)
E: probles
F: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
G: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
H: this
I: boveria
J: bovine (aka bos taurus)
K: None of the above. | [C; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Acetazolamide Methazolamide Ethoxzolamide
Dichlorophenamide Dorzolamide
Human (cloned) isozymes; b From bovine lung microsomes.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; bovine]
<Options>: A: probles
B: cattle (aka bos)
C: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
D: this
E: kingdom
F: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
G: suborder
H: bos indicus (bos primigenius indicus) (aka bos indicus)
I: domestic cow (aka bos taurus)
J: human (aka homo sapiens)
K: None of the above. | [J; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Acetazolamide Methazolamide Ethoxzolamide
Dichlorophenamide Dorzolamide
Human (cloned) isozymes; b From bovine lung microsomes.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; bovine]
<Options>: A: this
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
D: bos indicus (bos primigenius indicus) (aka bos indicus)
E: probles
F: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
G: cattle (aka bos)
H: kingdom
I: suborder
J: None of the above. | [B; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fig l" Time dependence of IOP lowering with dorzolamide (curve 1); the zinc complex 10 (curve 3) and the zinc complex 17 (curve 3), after topical administration of one drop of 2 % solution of inhibitor in rabbit.
Preliminary results from this laboratory indicate that the metal complexes of topically active sulfonamides show also increased lOP lowering effects with respect to the complexes prepared in the present study', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rabbit]
<Options>: A: european hare (aka lepus europaeus)
B: ox (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
C: japanese white rabbit (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
D: lepus cuniculus cuniculus (aka oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)
E: marsh rabbit (aka sylvilagus palustris)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Borrelia burgdorferi membranes are the primary targets of reactive oxygen species
Abstract
Spirochetes living in an oxygen-rich environment or when challenged by host immune cells are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
B: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
C: borreliales bacterium
D: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because Borrelia burgdorferi contains no intracellular iron, DNA is most likely not a major target for ROS via Fenton reaction.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
B: borrelia
C: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In support of this, growth of B. burgdorferi in the presence of 5 mM H2O2 had no effect on the DNA mutation rate (spontaneous coumermycin A1 resistance), and cells treated with 10 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide or 10 mM H2O2 show no increase in DNA damage.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
B: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
C: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
D: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Unlike most bacteria, B. burgdorferi incorporates ROS-susceptible polyunsaturated fatty acids from the environment into their membranes.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliales bacterium
B: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of lipoxidase-treated B. burgdorferi cells by Electron Microscopy showed significant irregularities indicative of membrane damage.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borreliales bacterium
C: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
D: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
E: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data suggest that B. burgdorferi membrane lipids are targets for attack by ROS encountered in the various stages of the infective cycle.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliales bacterium
B: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
E: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Introduction
Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, survives and proliferates in distinctly different niches, including its arthropod vector and various mammalian hosts.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These ‘micro’ environments provide their own distinct sets of advantages and challenges to B. burgdorferi.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
C: borrelia
D: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, during the initial stages of infection of the mammalian host, immune cells attempt to prevent B. burgdorferi from establishing an infection using several systems including those generating bacteriocidal reactive oxygen species (ROS)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
B: borrelia
C: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
E: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, during the initial stages of infection of the mammalian host, immune cells attempt to prevent B. burgdorferi from establishing an infection using several systems including those generating bacteriocidal reactive oxygen species (ROS)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
B: borrelia
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In order for B. burgdorferi to successfully colonize a new host and cause disease, they must overcome the challenges posed by the innate immune system including the deleterious effects of ROS/RNS compounds.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
B: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
E: borreliales bacterium
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two notable exceptions are the photosynthetic bacteria which synthesize and incorporate significant levels of linoleic acid in their membrane (Tasaka et al., 1996) and Helicobacter pylori membranes which contain between 0.5% and 3% linoleic acid (Ursini and Bindoli, 1987).
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [helicobacter pylori]
<Options>: A: campylobacter pylori subsp. pylori (aka helicobacter pylori)
B: helicobacter gastrofelis
C: helicobacter japonicum (aka helicobacter japonicus)
D: helicobacteraceae bacterium
E: candidatus helicobacter suis (aka helicobacter suis)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The intracellular biochemistry of B. burgdorferi suggests that the primary cellular target of ROS may be distinct from that described in other bacteria such as Escherichia coli.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; escherichia coli]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borreliales bacterium
D: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
F: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
G: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
H: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
I: escherichia coli 1a
J: escherichia
K: None of the above. | [B; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The intracellular biochemistry of B. burgdorferi suggests that the primary cellular target of ROS may be distinct from that described in other bacteria such as Escherichia coli.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; escherichia coli]
<Options>: A: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
B: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
C: escherichia
D: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
F: escherichia coli 1a
G: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
H: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
I: bacteria (ex cavalier-smith 1987) (aka bacteria)
J: bacillus coli (aka escherichia coli)
K: None of the above. | [D; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In E. coli, the extent of DNA damage due to H2O2 and Fenton chemistry is directly proportional to Fe metabolism and the free Fe concentration within the cell (10 µM) (Keyer and Imlay, 1996).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: unspecified coliform bacterium
B: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
C: escherichia
D: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As the intracellular Fe concentrations of B. burgdorferi are estimated to be < 10 atoms per cell (Posey and Gherardini, 2000), it seems unlikely that DNA is a primary target for ROS.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
B: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the biochemical effects of ROS on B. burgdorferi, including growth effects and biological/physical damage.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
B: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
C: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
E: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Effect of ROS on B. burgdorferi cells
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
B: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
D: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
E: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Effect of ROS on B. burgdorferi cells
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In order to determine what the cellular targets of ROS in B. burgdorferi are, we first needed to determine the sensitivity of Borrelia cells to various oxidants.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
C: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
D: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
E: borrelia
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Microaerobic cultures of B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 were grown to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1, treated with varying concentrations of H2O2 (0–50 mM) or t-butyl hydroperoxide (0–50 mM) and the number of surviving cells determined by plating.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
D: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
E: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, when E. coli cells were exposed to 1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide, approximately 1% of the cells survive.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia sp.
B: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
C: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
D: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
E: escherichia
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. burgdorferi cells were much more resistant to t-butyl hydroperoxide than E. coli cells, with a survival rate of approximately 100% at 1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; e. coli]
<Options>: A: unspecified coliform bacterium
B: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
C: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
D: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
E: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
F: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
G: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
H: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
I: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
J: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
K: None of the above. | [G; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. burgdorferi cells were much more resistant to t-butyl hydroperoxide than E. coli cells, with a survival rate of approximately 100% at 1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; e. coli]
<Options>: A: bacillus coli (aka escherichia coli)
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
D: unspecified coliform bacterium
E: borrelia
F: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
G: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
H: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
I: escherichia sp.
J: escherichia
K: None of the above. | [F; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'E. coli cells exposed to 1 mM H2O2 have approximately 10% survivability, while 100% of the B. burgdorferi cells survive at this concentration, and approximately 80% survive when exposed to 10 mM H2O2 (Fig. 1B).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli; b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
B: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
C: unspecified coliform bacterium
D: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
F: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
G: borreliales bacterium
H: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
I: borrelia
J: escherichia
K: None of the above. | [A; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'E. coli cells exposed to 1 mM H2O2 have approximately 10% survivability, while 100% of the B. burgdorferi cells survive at this concentration, and approximately 80% survive when exposed to 10 mM H2O2 (Fig. 1B).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli; b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: escherichia phage
B: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
C: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
D: escherichia
E: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
G: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
H: borreliales bacterium
I: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
J: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
K: None of the above. | [E; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Taken together, these data indicated that B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was highly resistant to exposure to both t-butyl peroxide and H2O2.
Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is not the primary target of ROS
For most bacteria, DNA is the major target of ROS causing a wide variety of DNA lesions.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia
B: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borreliales bacterium
D: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
E: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
F: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
G: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
H: None of the above. | [G; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Taken together, these data indicated that B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was highly resistant to exposure to both t-butyl peroxide and H2O2.
Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is not the primary target of ROS
For most bacteria, DNA is the major target of ROS causing a wide variety of DNA lesions.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
C: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
D: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borreliales bacterium
F: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
G: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
H: None of the above. | [D; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, B. burgdorferi has been shown to harbour few genes encoding orthologues of known iron-containing proteins, does not require Fe for growth and has intracellular Fe concentrations estimated to be < 10 atoms per cell (Posey and Gherardini, 2000).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
B: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
D: borrelia
E: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Taken together, these observations strongly suggest that B. burgdorferi DNA is not a major target for ROS.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: borrelia
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To test this hypothesis, different techniques were used to measure DNA damage in B. burgdorferi cells after exposure to ROS.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
B: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
C: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
D: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
E: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In B. burgdorferi, mutations that confer resistance to coumermycin A1, which targets the β subunit of DNA gyrase, have been mapped to gyrB, the gene encoding DNA gyrase B (Samuels et al., 1994).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
C: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
E: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine if exposure to oxidants increases DNA damage by increasing point mutations, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells grown under microaerobic conditions were treated with 5 mM H2O2 and plated in the presence and absence of 250 ng ml−1 coumermycin A1.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
B: borrelia
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine if exposure to oxidants increases DNA damage by increasing point mutations, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells grown under microaerobic conditions were treated with 5 mM H2O2 and plated in the presence and absence of 250 ng ml−1 coumermycin A1.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: borrelia
D: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine whether ROS can damage B. burgdorferi DNA, strain B31A3 cells grown under microaerobic conditions were treated with H2O2 (1 or 10 mM), t-butyl hydroperoxide (1 or 10 mM) or lipoxidase (an enzyme which specifically catalyses the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis, cis-pentadiene structure, such as linoleic acid).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
B: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
D: borrelia
E: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, when E. coli strain TA4315 cells (ahpCF) (Storz et al., 1989) were treated with 100 µM H2O2, the number of AP sites increased ∼10-fold over untreated cells.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
B: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
C: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
D: unspecified coliform bacterium
E: escherichia sp.
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data suggest that B. burgdorferi DNA was not a major target for oxidative damage under these conditions.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borreliales bacterium
C: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
D: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
E: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is of note to mention that the total number of AP sites per 105 bp DNA is approximately 10-fold higher in untreated Borrelia B31A3 DNA than in untreated E. coli DNA.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
B: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
C: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
E: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 harbours 11 linear plasmids and a linear chromosome with ∼100 unpaired bases in the telomere loops per genome or 10 bases per 105 bp DNA (Hinnebusch and Barbour, 1991; Chaconas, 2005).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borrelia
C: borreliales bacterium
D: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
E: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To test this hypothesis, the AP sites were measured in DNA isolated from untreated B. burgdorferi strain B314 which harbours no linear plasmids (Sadziene et al., 1993).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
E: borrelia
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The analyses of the AP sites strongly suggested that B. burgdorferi DNA was not the major target for oxidative damage.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
C: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
E: borreliales bacterium
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine whether ROS can damage B. burgdorferi DNA and cause 8-oxoguanine lesions, strain B31A3 cells grown under microaerobic conditions were treated with H2O2 (5 or 10 mM), t-butyl hydroperoxide (5 or 10 mM) or lipoxidase.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia
B: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borreliales bacterium
D: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, when a MutM (the specific glycosylase that removes the 8-oxoguanine)-deficient E. coli strain was treated with 100 µM H2O2, the amount of 8-oxoguanine sites increased ∼fivefold over untreated cells.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
B: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
C: escherichia phage
D: bacillus coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is important to point out that no MutM homologue has been identified in the genome of B. burgdorferi.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is important to point out that no MutM homologue has been identified in the genome of B. burgdorferi.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
B: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Taken together, these data suggested that B. burgdorferi DNA was not a major target for oxidative damage under these conditions.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
E: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The membranes of B. burgdorferi are targeted during oxidative stress
In eukaryotes, membrane lipids are a major target of ROS.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
B: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: borrelia
E: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As B. burgdorferi cannot synthesize their own lipids, they must instead scavenge them.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
B: borreliales bacterium
C: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
D: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
E: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine if B. burgdorferi contains polyunsaturated lipids, B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown under anaerobic conditions and analysed for fatty acid composition by Lipid Technologies (Austin, MN).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borreliales bacterium
C: borrelia
D: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
E: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine if Borrelia polyunsaturated lipids can undergo lipid peroxidation, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells grown microaerobically were treated with 1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide or 250 mg of lipoxidase, and the cell pellets were analysed for fatty acid composition (Industrial Laboratory).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
C: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
D: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borreliales bacterium
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data indicated that the linoleic acid present in B. burgdorferi membranes can be oxidized by ROS.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliales bacterium
B: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
D: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
E: borrelia
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a control, eukaryotic cells (mouse myeloma cells SP2) were treated with AAPH and MDA measured (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse]
<Options>: A: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
C: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Mouse myeloma cells have been used as a model system for the determination of phospholipid hydroperoxides (Chotimarkorn et al., 2005).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse]
<Options>: A: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
B: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
C: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
E: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine if the Borrelia lipids are damaged from growth in an oxygen environment, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown under anaerobic, microaerobic and aerobic conditions and MDA measured.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
C: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our High Performance Liquid Chromatography analyses of the MDA present in anaerobically grown B. burgdorferi cells showed a small peak with a retention time similar to that of the MDA standard.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
C: borrelia
D: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
E: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our High Performance Liquid Chromatography analyses of the MDA present in anaerobically grown B. burgdorferi cells showed a small peak with a retention time similar to that of the MDA standard.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borrelia
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To visualize the lipid hydroperoxides, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were labelled with DPPP and observed by fluorescence microscopy (Fig. 5B).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borrelia
C: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
E: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'E. coli Top10 cells and mouse myeloma SP2 cells were also labelled and visualized to serve as negative and positive controls respectively (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli; mouse]
<Options>: A: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
B: unspecified coliform bacterium
C: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
D: escherichia phage
E: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
G: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
H: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
I: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
J: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
K: None of the above. | [J; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'E. coli Top10 cells and mouse myeloma SP2 cells were also labelled and visualized to serve as negative and positive controls respectively (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli; mouse]
<Options>: A: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
B: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
C: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
E: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
F: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
G: escherichia sp.
H: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
I: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
J: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
K: None of the above. | [F; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5B) and for the mouse myeloma cells (Fig. 5C), but not for the E. coli cells (Fig. 5A).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse; e. coli]
<Options>: A: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
B: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: escherichia phage
D: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
E: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
G: unspecified coliform bacterium
H: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
I: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
J: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
K: None of the above. | [I; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5B) and for the mouse myeloma cells (Fig. 5C), but not for the E. coli cells (Fig. 5A).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse; e. coli]
<Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
C: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
D: escherichia
E: peromyscus
F: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
G: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
H: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
I: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
J: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
K: None of the above. | [A; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further demonstrate Borrelia membrane damage, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions and visualized by negative stain using an electron microscope.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
B: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further demonstrate Borrelia membrane damage, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions and visualized by negative stain using an electron microscope.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
B: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To date, the most definitive work has been done on E. coli.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
B: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
C: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
E: escherichia phage
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It seems clear from several studies that the most physiologically relevant target of ROS in E. coli is DNA.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
B: escherichia phage
C: escherichia sp.
D: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
E: unspecified coliform bacterium
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These observations are critical in beginning to understand the oxidative damage/targets in B. burgdorferi.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia
B: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
E: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It has been shown in E. coli that the free-iron pool size determines the rate of oxidative DNA damage.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
B: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
C: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
D: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
E: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, in wild-type E. coli, free iron levels are estimated to be 10 µM, yet H2O2 is only mildly genotoxic (Keyer and Imlay, 1996).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia phage
B: escherichia sp.
C: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
D: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, in E. coli Fur- mutants, intracellular iron concentration increases eightfold while survival is 10-fold lower when cells are exposed to H2O2.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
B: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
C: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
D: escherichia
E: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because B. burgdorferi cells do not contain detectable levels of intracellular Fe, it seems unlikely that DNA is a major target for damage via the Fenton reaction in this bacterium (Posey and Gherardini, 2000).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliales bacterium
B: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
E: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When B. burgdorferi cells were exposed to high concentrations of ROS (e.g. H2O2), there was no effect on the spontaneous mutation rate (Fig. 2A) or the number of DNA lesions (AP sites or 8-oxoguanine) (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
D: borrelia
E: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It should be noted that in these experiments, a wild-type strain of B. burgdorferi was used and presumably all of the endogenous oxidative stress enzymes were expressed.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borrelia
C: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
D: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
E: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, we do not believe this to be the case as the concentration of oxidants used in these experiments were significantly higher than concentrations known to cause DNA damage in E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia sp.
B: escherichia phage
C: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
D: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
E: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, we do not believe this to be the case as the concentration of oxidants used in these experiments were significantly higher than concentrations known to cause DNA damage in E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia sp.
B: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
C: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
D: escherichia phage
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The lack of detectable DNA damage in B. burgdorferi cells under the conditions tested could be the result of very efficient DNA repair systems.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) (aka borreliella)
B: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bacteria, such as E. coli, harbour genes encoding repair enzymes (i.e. MutM, MutY, Ung, AlkA, MutS, MutL, ExoIII, EndoVIII, PolI, RecJ).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: unspecified coliform bacterium
B: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
C: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
D: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
E: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Interestingly, the B. burgdorferi genome does not contain genes encoding homologues of MutM, MutY or EndoVIII, suggesting that it would be difficult for the cells to efficiently repair 8-oxoguanine sites using this pathway.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
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