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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Of the 91 clusters of molecules categorized, 50 (54.9%) had C. elegans homologues/orthologues with loss-of-function phenotypes could be mapped to key pathways.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enyo elegans (aka zodarion elegans)
B: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
C: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
D: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
E: caromyxa elegans (aka mutinus elegans)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The statistically significant genetic interactions predicted for 9 of the 50 C. elegans orthologues [namely egl-3, F33D11.10, F55A12.8, kin-2, mec-12, mup-2, pab-1, rpl-22 and T21B10.2 ( = enol-1)] and the interaction network included genes encoding kinases, alpha-tubulins, enolases, troponin and other named and unnamed proteins.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
B: caenorhabditis sp.
C: enyo elegans (aka zodarion elegans)
D: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: caromyxa elegans (aka mutinus elegans)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Eight of these molecules (enol-1, pab-1, F33D11.10, rpl-22, F55A12.8 mec-12, mup-2 and kin-2) have known or predicted roles in embryonic and larval growth and development, gamete generation, locomotory behaviour or other biological processes in C. elegans (see www.wormbase.org).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theocolax elegans
B: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
C: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
D: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
E: uronema elegans
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nonetheless, enolases are often detected in the excretory/secretory (ES) products of parasitic helminths, including adult A. suum', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aerococcus suis
B: suillus
C: sueus
D: suillus indica (aka suillus indicus)
E: actinobacillus suis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The enol-1 orthologue of C. elegans has been predicted to interact specifically with the polyadenylate binding protein gene, pab-1, inferred to be involved in coordinated gene transcription and expression during normal larval development', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theocolax elegans
B: caenorhabditis sp.
C: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
D: bactris elegans
E: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Present evidence suggests that the expression of PAB-1 is regulated by an oligo-pyrimidine tract in response to cell growth and relates to coordinated growth regulation in C. elegans [62].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
B: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
D: caenorhabditis
E: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Present evidence suggests that the expression of PAB-1 is regulated by an oligo-pyrimidine tract in response to cell growth and relates to coordinated growth regulation in C. elegans [62].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
B: caromyxa elegans (aka mutinus elegans)
C: theocolax elegans
D: drosophila elegans
E: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Another gene (F33D11.10; EST code 4F10; see Table 2) which encodes an ATP-dependent RNA helicase and is associated with embryonic lethal (Emb) and larval lethal (Lvl) RNAi phenotypes, was shown to be highly transcribed in infective L3s of A. suum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suaeda fruticosa mult. auct. (aka suaeda vera)
B: suillus
C: sueus
D: suarius
E: suillus suilloides (gastroboletus suilloides) (aka suillus suilloides)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Helicases are involved in a variety of RNA metabolic processes, including translation initiation, pre-mRNA splicing, pre-rRNA processing, rRNA maturation and RNA degradation [63], and are crucial for life cycle progression, sex determination and early embryogenesis in C. elegans [60].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
B: uronema elegans
C: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
D: drosophila elegans
E: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The high transcription levels of a homologue/orthologue in the L3 of A. suum might suggest a similar role in this ascaridoid.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suaeda salsa (suaeda maritima subsp. salsa) (aka suaeda salsa)
B: actinobacillus suis
C: aerococcus suis
D: eubacterium suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
E: suillia
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The high transcription level for the ribosomal protein gene homologue rpl-22 (large subunit family member; EST code 26G12, see Table 2) in the infective L3 of A. suum compared with other developmental stages is likely to reflect the substantial rate of cell growth in this stage [64].
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suaeda salsa (suaeda maritima subsp. salsa) (aka suaeda salsa)
B: suarius
C: eubacterium suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
D: suillus suilloides (gastroboletus suilloides) (aka suillus suilloides)
E: aerococcus suis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The gene (F55A12.8, EST code 4G11; see Table 2) encoding an acetyl-transferase with a putative ATPase domain, shown to be enriched in the L3 of A. suum, was predicted to interact with 75 other genes all involved in energy production and/or RNA processing (see Table S2).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: actinobacillus suis
B: suillus indicus (suillus indica) (aka suillus indicus)
C: maratus suae
D: suillus
E: suarius
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Several molecules involved in ATP synthesis and mitochondrial pathways (e.g., cytochrome oxidase c subunits 1, 2 and 3, ADP/ATP translocases, NADH dehydrogenases, ATPases and ATP synthetases) have been reported previously to be highly represented in the L3 stage of Anisakis simplex', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'anisakis simplex'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anisakis simplex (ascaris simplex) (aka anisakis simplex)
B: anisakis sp. kmhs-2017
C: anisakis sp. mp-2005
D: anisakis sp. sm-2005
E: anisakis sp. rah-2012
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There is also likely to be a substantial energy requirement for muscle contraction linked to larval motility in A. suum, as the L3s penetrate the caecal wall in the porcine host, before undergoing hepato-pulmonary migration [35].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: actinobacillus suis
B: paracoccus suum
C: sueus
D: actinomyces suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
E: suillus indicus (suillus indica) (aka suillus indicus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Accordingly, genes encoding a specialized tubulin expressed in mechanoreceptors (mec-12, EST code 13E09) and a troponin (mup-2, EST code 01G03; see Table 2), both predicted to interact with a total number of 32 tubulin- and myosin-encoding genes, also supported a link to extensive muscle contraction and motility in A. suum L3s.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aerococcus suis
B: maratus suae
C: suaeda salsa (suaeda maritima subsp. salsa) (aka suaeda salsa)
D: suillus suilloides (gastroboletus suilloides) (aka suillus suilloides)
E: eubacterium suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A homologue encoded by egl-3 was shown to be highly transcribed in the L3 of A. suum; EGL-3 is predicted to be a pro-hormone convertase involved in the maturation of neuropeptides and could be associated with mechano-sensory responses and touch sensitivity linked to the host invasion.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suillus suilloides (gastroboletus suilloides) (aka suillus suilloides)
B: actinomyces suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
C: aerococcus suis
D: suillus
E: suillia
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Gene silencing of kin-2 in C. elegans leads to phenotypes, such as larval lethal (Lvl), larval arrest (Lva), body morphology defect (Bmd), dumpy (Dpy), uncoordinated (Unc) and sterile progeny (Stp) (www.wormbase.org), suggesting that its homologue in A. suum is central to larval maturation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
B: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
C: gongylostoma elegans elegans (clausilia elegans elegans) (aka gongylostoma elegans elegans)
D: cyclostrongylus elegans
E: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Gene silencing of kin-2 in C. elegans leads to phenotypes, such as larval lethal (Lvl), larval arrest (Lva), body morphology defect (Bmd), dumpy (Dpy), uncoordinated (Unc) and sterile progeny (Stp) (www.wormbase.org), suggesting that its homologue in A. suum is central to larval maturation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
B: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
C: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
D: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
E: caenorhabditis sp.
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Gene silencing of kin-2 in C. elegans leads to phenotypes, such as larval lethal (Lvl), larval arrest (Lva), body morphology defect (Bmd), dumpy (Dpy), uncoordinated (Unc) and sterile progeny (Stp) (www.wormbase.org), suggesting that its homologue in A. suum is central to larval maturation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suarius
B: suiformes (aka suina)
C: maratus suae
D: suillia
E: sueus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The KOBAS analysis predicted the protein KIN-2 to be involved in the insulin-signaling pathway, previously implicated in controlling the exit from dauer in C. elegans and the activation of L3s of the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, following exsheathment', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
B: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
D: zodarion elegans (enyo elegans) (aka zodarion elegans)
E: caromyxa elegans (aka mutinus elegans)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The KOBAS analysis predicted the protein KIN-2 to be involved in the insulin-signaling pathway, previously implicated in controlling the exit from dauer in C. elegans and the activation of L3s of the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, following exsheathment', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'canine hookworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dog hookworm (aka ancylostoma caninum)
B: ancylocaris
C: ancylocnemis
D: ancylocheles
E: ancyloscelis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The KOBAS analysis predicted the protein KIN-2 to be involved in the insulin-signaling pathway, previously implicated in controlling the exit from dauer in C. elegans and the activation of L3s of the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, following exsheathment', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ancylostoma caninum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ancylidae
B: ancylocaris
C: ancylostomatidae
D: ancylostomia
E: ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm) (aka ancylostoma caninum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In a recent study, Brand and Hawdon [68] were able to inhibit (with a phosphoinositide-3-OH-kinase inhibitor) the activation of infective L3s of both of the hookworms Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma ceylanicum via the insulin signaling pathway, thus lending some credence to the hypothesis that this pathway plays an critical role in regulating the transition from the free-living to the parasitic stage [68].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ancylostoma caninum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dog hookworm (aka ancylostoma caninum)
B: ancylodes
C: ancylostomia
D: ancylocaris
E: ancylus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In a recent study, Brand and Hawdon [68] were able to inhibit (with a phosphoinositide-3-OH-kinase inhibitor) the activation of infective L3s of both of the hookworms Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma ceylanicum via the insulin signaling pathway, thus lending some credence to the hypothesis that this pathway plays an critical role in regulating the transition from the free-living to the parasitic stage [68].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ancylostoma ceylanicum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ancylus sp. e1.1
B: ancylostoma ceylanicum
C: ancylus sp. e3.1
D: ancylus sp. e3.2
E: ancylus sp. e1.2
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, it has been proposed that transcriptional and feeding responses to serum-stimulation in Ancylostoma caninum are regulated by parallel systems, with the insulin signaling pathway playing a significant role in the ‘resumption of feeding’ in activated larvae [69].
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ancylostoma caninum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ancylus
B: ancylostoma ceylanicum
C: ancylis diminuatana (aka ancylis diminutana)
D: ancylostomia
E: ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm) (aka ancylostoma caninum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As already proposed for adult stages of H. contortus', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. contortus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: schistonchus
B: bathyomphalus contortus (helix contorta) (aka bathyomphalus contortus)
C: haemonchus similis
D: haemonchidae
E: haemonchus contortus (red stomach worm) (aka haemonchus contortus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Other protein kinases, such as PEPCK, and phosphatases, were shown herein to be transcribed at high levels in the L3 stage compared with other developmental stages of A. suum (see Table 2), which is in accordance to findings reported recently for Anisakis simplex [65].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sueus
B: suarius
C: actinomyces suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
D: suillus suilloides (gastroboletus suilloides) (aka suillus suilloides)
E: suaeda vera (suaeda fruticosa mult. auct.) (aka suaeda vera)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Other protein kinases, such as PEPCK, and phosphatases, were shown herein to be transcribed at high levels in the L3 stage compared with other developmental stages of A. suum (see Table 2), which is in accordance to findings reported recently for Anisakis simplex [65].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'anisakis simplex'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anisakis
B: ascaris simplex (aka anisakis simplex)
C: anisakis sp. laig
D: anisakis simplex sensu lato
E: anisakis simplex complex
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Other protein kinases, such as PEPCK, and phosphatases, were shown herein to be transcribed at high levels in the L3 stage compared with other developmental stages of A. suum (see Table 2), which is in accordance to findings reported recently for Anisakis simplex [65].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'anisakis simplex'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anisakis sp.
B: anisakis sp. laaib
C: echium simplex
D: anisakis sp. sm-2005
E: anisakis sp. i ss-2016
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In conclusion, this study has given some interesting insights into early molecular processes in the L3 of A. suum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suillus indica (aka suillus indicus)
B: pigs (aka suidae) (aka suidae)
C: suarius
D: suillus suilloides (gastroboletus suilloides) (aka suillus suilloides)
E: suillus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Approximately 60% of the transcripts enriched in the L3 stage of A. suum have homologues/orthologues in C. elegans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suillus indica (aka suillus indicus)
B: paracoccus suum
C: actinobacillus suis
D: suiformes (aka suina)
E: aerococcus suis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Approximately 60% of the transcripts enriched in the L3 stage of A. suum have homologues/orthologues in C. elegans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
B: theocolax elegans
C: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
D: cyclostrongylus elegans
E: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The bioinformatic analyses of selected molecules suggest that a complex genetic network regulates or controls larval growth and development in A. suum L3s, and some of these might be involved in or regulate the switch from the free-living to the parasitic stage.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suarius
B: eubacterium suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
C: suillia
D: paracoccus suum
E: suillus suilloides (gastroboletus suilloides) (aka suillus suilloides)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Some caution is warranted in drawing conclusions regarding molecular mechanisms regulating the transition to parasitism in parasitic nematodes from information on C. elegans, as latter is a free-living nematode.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
B: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: caenorhabditis
D: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
E: zodarion elegans (enyo elegans) (aka zodarion elegans)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The imminent genome sequence of A. suum (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/Helminths/) should all assist in this endeavour.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suaeda salsa (suaeda maritima subsp. salsa) (aka suaeda salsa)
B: suillus
C: suillia
D: actinomyces suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
E: maratus suae
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Initial manifestations experienced by the patient, possibly due to obstruction, and including mild abdominal pain and nausea, occurred on the third day postoperatively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: subsection
B: humans (aka homo)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: proxys
E: this
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Case presentation
An 80-year-old man was found to have early gastric cancer during his yearly check-up by gastrointestinal endoscopy.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'man'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
B: mammals (aka mammalia)
C: genus
D: species
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Postoperatively, the patient complained of an acidic feeling in his stomach; however, there were no remarkable abnormalities on biochemical examination of serum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: subsection
C: humans (aka homo)
D: data
E: suborder
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, on day 4, the patient started to complain of upper abdominal pain and developed a high grade fever (38°C).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: probles
C: isolate
D: subsection
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, on day 4, the patient started to complain of upper abdominal pain and developed a high grade fever (38°C).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: kingdom
C: subsection
D: theraps
E: cancer
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The patient remained in the intensive care unit for 5 days after re-operation, and was then transferred to the general ward.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: theraps
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: circe
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Indeed, Kolata demonstrated that the wounds made by the non-bladed trocar were narrower than those created by cutting tip trocars in a pig experimental model [4].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pig'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pig (aka sus scrofa) (aka sus scrofa)
B: gallus
C: bovidae
D: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
E: sus domesticus (aka sus scrofa domesticus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, it is sometimes difficult to completely close the defect, including the peritoneum, especially in obese patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: subsection
B: cancer
C: genus
D: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Moreover, special attention should be paid in patients with risk factors for port site hernia such as obesity, aggressive manipulation through the port sites, and prolonged surgery.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: homo (humans) (aka homo)
C: genus
D: subsection
E: circe
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Careful management of the postoperative course is recommended especially for patients with risk factors such as obesity and extensive manipulation of the trocar during prolonged surgical duration.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: circe
C: species
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Consent
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: subsection
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: humans (aka homo)
E: circe
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Previously, we reported that some SSRIs possess high to moderate affinities for sigma-1 receptors in the rat brain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rat (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
B: rattus pyctoris (rattus rattoides) (aka rattus pyctoris)
C: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
D: norway rat (aka rattus norvegicus)
E: rattus norvegicus albus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, we reported that fluvoxamine, but not paroxetine, significantly ameliorated cognitive deficits in mice after repeated phencyclidine administration, and that the effects of fluvoxamine were antagonized by co-administration of the selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist NE-100', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: peromyscus
B: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
D: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
E: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cell culture
PC12 sells (RIKEN Cell Bank, Tsukuba, Japan) were cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% heat-inactivated horse serum, and 1% penicillin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bos sp.
B: boveria
C: bovinae
D: bos (cattle) (aka bos)
E: dairy cow (aka bos taurus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cell culture
PC12 sells (RIKEN Cell Bank, Tsukuba, Japan) were cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% heat-inactivated horse serum, and 1% penicillin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'horse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: equus (equus subg. dolichohippus) (aka equus)
B: equetus
C: eques
D: equine (aka equus caballus)
E: equus sp.
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cell culture
PC12 sells (RIKEN Cell Bank, Tsukuba, Japan) were cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% heat-inactivated horse serum, and 1% penicillin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'horse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: equus asinus (ass (aka equus asinus))
B: eques
C: equidae (horses) (aka equidae)
D: equus przewalskii (equus caballus przewalskii) (aka equus przewalskii)
E: equus sp.
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Immunocytochemistry
Cells were fixed for 30 min at room temperature with 4% paraformaldehyde then permeabilized with 0.2% Triton and blocked with 1.5% normal goat serum, 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 0.1 M phosphate-buffer saline for 1 h to reduce nonspecific binding.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'goat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: capraita
B: sueus
C: goat (aka capra hircus) (aka capra hircus)
D: capra hircus cretica (capra aegagrus cretica) (aka capra hircus cretica)
E: bovidae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Immunocytochemistry
Cells were fixed for 30 min at room temperature with 4% paraformaldehyde then permeabilized with 0.2% Triton and blocked with 1.5% normal goat serum, 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 0.1 M phosphate-buffer saline for 1 h to reduce nonspecific binding.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bos indicus (bos primigenius indicus) (aka bos indicus)
B: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
C: bos primigenius taurus (aka bos taurus)
D: bovidae
E: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our recent positron emission tomography (PET) study demonstrated that, after a single oral administration, fluvoxamine bound to sigma-1 receptors in the living human brain [45].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: primate (aka primates)
B: homo (humans) (aka homo)
C: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: mammals (aka mammalia)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This finding suggests that sigma-1 receptors are involved in the mechanism of action of fluvoxamine in the human brain [45].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: animals (aka metazoa)
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: kingdom
D: primate (aka primates)
E: homo (humans) (aka homo)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alexithymia and anxiety in female chronic pain patients
Abstract
Objectives
Alexithymia is highly prevalent among chronic pain patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: circe
D: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
E: humans (aka homo)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alexithymia and anxiety in female chronic pain patients
Abstract
Objectives
Alexithymia is highly prevalent among chronic pain patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: probles
D: theraps
E: species
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alexithymia and to determine anxiety levels among DSM-IV somatoform pain disorder (chronic pain) female patients and to examine the relationship between alexithymia and the self-reporting of pain.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: goes
B: homo (humans) (aka homo)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: this
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thirty seven healthy females (mean age: 34,46 ± 7,43 years), who matched for sociodemographic features with the patient group, consisted the control group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: other (aka unidentified)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: genus
E: theraps
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A sociodemographic data form, 26-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26), Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered to each subject and information was obtained on several aspects of the patients' pain, including intensity (measured by VAS), and duration.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: goes
B: aides
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: homo (humans) (aka homo)
E: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Chronic pain patients were found significantly more alexithymic than controls.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: probles
C: circe
D: kingdom
E: cancer
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Chronic pain patients were found significantly more alexithymic than controls.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cancer
B: suborder
C: subsection
D: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
E: circe
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Neither positive correlation nor significant difference was found between alexithymia and trait anxiety in pain patients.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: subsection
C: theraps
D: genus
E: goes
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Several studies have found a high prevalence of alexithymia in pain patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: goes
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: suborder
D: theraps
E: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Chronic pain patients frequently exhibit many of the core features of alexithymia, such as problems in identifying and describing subjective feelings, impoverished imaginative abilities, and excessive preoccupation with physical symptoms and external events.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kingdom
B: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: theraps
E: probles
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although several studies have found a high prevalence of alexithymia in pain patients, the way alexithymia may possibly influence pain experience is still unclear [12,13].
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: other (aka unidentified)
C: humans (aka homo)
D: probles
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In chronic pain disorder, patients complain of chronic pain, for which no physical etiology could be found or the underlying disorder is insufficient in explaining the symptoms.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: probles
B: genus
C: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: circe
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The alexithymic person's difficulty in identifying and describing feelings may increase symptom reporting by several mechanisms.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'person'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: family
C: psyche
D: species
E: probles
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Accordingly, previous studies have found evidence of an association between alexithymia and the development of functional somatic symptoms, as seen in patients with somatoform disorders.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
C: humans (aka homo)
D: probles
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of alexithymia among DSM-IV somatoform pain disorder (chronic pain) female patients and to examine the relationship between alexithymia and the self-reporting of pain in this group of patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: subsection
B: goes
C: species
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of alexithymia among DSM-IV somatoform pain disorder (chronic pain) female patients and to examine the relationship between alexithymia and the self-reporting of pain in this group of patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: other (aka unidentified)
B: theraps
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: circe
E: kingdom
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Besides, the study searched for the anxiety levels of chronic pain patients with or without alexithymia.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: subsection
C: humans (aka homo)
D: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Besides, the study searched for the anxiety levels of chronic pain patients with or without alexithymia.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
B: subsection
C: goes
D: theraps
E: humans (aka homo)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Patients with concomitant psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders other than pain disorder were excluded.
Patients either directly applied to the psychiatry clinic themselves or were referred for psychiatric assessment from another outpatient clinic, mainly physical medicine and rehabilitation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: circe
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: suborder
D: goes
E: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Patients with concomitant psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders other than pain disorder were excluded.
Patients either directly applied to the psychiatry clinic themselves or were referred for psychiatric assessment from another outpatient clinic, mainly physical medicine and rehabilitation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: subsection
C: probles
D: species
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The mean age of the patients and the healthy controls was 34,63 ± 10,62 (range: 16–62) and 34,46 ± 7,43 (range: 22–57) years and the educational level was 6,13 ± 3,03 (range: 5–11) and', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: cancer
C: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
D: suborder
E: aides
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'All participants were applied Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'participants'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: athletes
B: species
C: inquisitor
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: suborder
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Regarding the pain assessment, information was first obtained on several aspects of the patients' pain, such as intensity, and duration.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: other (aka unidentified)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: humans (aka homo)
E: cancer
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'VAS is scored by measuring the distance from the end of the scale indicating absence of pain (or no distress or no pain relief) to the place marked by the patient', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: goes
B: probles
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: theraps
E: other (aka unidentified)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
In the chronic pain group, 56.7% of patients (n = 17) had a score greater than 11 on the TAS-26, and were considered alexithymic.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: humans (aka homo)
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: cancer
D: kingdom
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the control group, 24,3% of patients (n = 9) were alexithymic according to TAS-26.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: probles
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: suborder
E: kingdom
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The duration and severity of pain, TAS-26 scores, and STAI scores of the female pain patients are shown in Table 2.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: species
B: probles
C: kingdom
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'First, chronic pain patients were found significantly more alexithymic than controls (56,7% to 24,3%).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: theraps
C: kingdom
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: aides
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'First, chronic pain patients were found significantly more alexithymic than controls (56,7% to 24,3%).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aides
B: goes
C: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
D: genus
E: cancer
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Third, neither positive correlation nor significant difference was found between alexithymia and trait anxiety in pain patients.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: species
C: subsection
D: circe
E: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Discussion
The results of the present study suggest that patients with chronic pain disorder are more alexithymic than individuals with no pain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: humans (aka homo)
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: this
D: subsection
E: cancer
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There were no significant differences between alexithymic and nonalexitymic patients on self reports of current pain severity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: circe
B: goes
C: kingdom
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[1994] in which it was further pointed out that alexithymic patients were found to use significantly more verbal descriptors of pain compared to nonalexithymic patients', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suborder
B: theraps
C: goes
D: genus
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[1994] in which it was further pointed out that alexithymic patients were found to use significantly more verbal descriptors of pain compared to nonalexithymic patients', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: species
D: goes
E: other (aka unidentified)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Pain is a subjective experience and each patient may communicate in a different way, verbally or nonverbally [29].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: this
C: humans (aka homo)
D: other (aka unidentified)
E: goes
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Patients in this sample were sufferers of chronic pain, who had already chosen an approved way of expressing their distress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
B: probles
C: goes
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: other (aka unidentified)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The duration of the patients' pain could approximately be determined, yet the preexisting level of alexithymia was not known.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: aides
D: cancer
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the usual absence of internal stimuli, alexithymic person may be expected to maintain an external focus of attention, such as pain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'person'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: species
B: birds (aka aves)
C: genus
D: humans (aka homo)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Symptom chronicity may force the alexithymic person to attent to and amplify this somatic sensation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'person'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: animals (aka metazoa)
B: birds (aka aves)
C: kingdom
D: humans (aka homo)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Symptom chronicity may force the alexithymic person to attent to and amplify this somatic sensation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'person'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cellular organisms (biota) (aka cellular organisms)
B: primate (aka primates)
C: psyche
D: probles
E: homo (humans) (aka homo)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, alexithymic patients might be expected to differ from nonalexithymic ones in their anxiety levels.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: suborder
C: this
D: other (aka unidentified)
E: genus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Yet, in our pain group alexithymic patients showed no significant difference from the nonalexithymics on trait anxiety.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo (humans) (aka homo)
B: goes
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: other (aka unidentified)
E: this
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The reasons may be lying in the specific characteristics of this patient group itself.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: other (aka unidentified)
D: aides
E: circe
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The study included patients suffering from chronic symptoms; with an average of 7,44 ± 6,82 years of pain in the alexithymic and 3,31 ± 2,79 years in the nonalexithymic groups.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: other (aka unidentified)
B: this
C: circe
D: suborder
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is not known whether it should be addressed in the treatment of pain patients, but a high level of alexithymia may effect the nature of assessment.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: aides
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: species
E: kingdom
F: None of the above. | C |
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