instruction stringlengths 161 2.29k | input stringlengths 80 650 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Wingbeat frequency of Pileated Woodpecker
The woodpecker in the Luneau video maintains a steady rapid wingbeat rate of 8.6 beats s-1 for at least 8 wingbeats [1], a figure that was confirmed by independent analysis during preparation of this paper.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: scotargus pilosus
B: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: cryptophagus pilosus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Pileated woodpeckers in DN's video do not do this – after initial rapid flapping immediately after take-off, they settle into a more relaxed level flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
B: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: woodpeckers and others (aka piciformes)
D: picidae (woodpeckers) (aka picidae)
E: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As shown in Tables 1 and 2, although the mean wingbeat frequencies of the Pileated Woodpeckers in DN's video are slower than the 8.6 s-1 recorded for the bird in the Luneau video [1,3,5] the first four wingbeats, the initial escape response, are faster than those claimed for Pileated Woodpeckers in the literature [1,3,5].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: callianopsidae
C: cycloderes pilosus
D: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
E: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As shown in Tables 1 and 2, although the mean wingbeat frequencies of the Pileated Woodpeckers in DN's video are slower than the 8.6 s-1 recorded for the bird in the Luneau video [1,3,5] the first four wingbeats, the initial escape response, are faster than those claimed for Pileated Woodpeckers in the literature [1,3,5].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: woodpeckers and others (aka piciformes)
B: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
C: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: haustoriidae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The 8.6 beats s-1 of the bird identified in the Luneau video, while consistent with the limited data (n = 1; see Discussion) for Ivory-billed Woodpecker, is equally consistent with Pileated Woodpecker in its initial escape flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red-bellied woodpecker (aka melanerpes carolinus)
B: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
C: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
D: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
E: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The 8.6 beats s-1 of the bird identified in the Luneau video, while consistent with the limited data (n = 1; see Discussion) for Ivory-billed Woodpecker, is equally consistent with Pileated Woodpecker in its initial escape flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cycloderes pilosus
B: scotargus pilosus
C: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
D: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The bird in the Luneau video maintains a frequency of 8.6 s-1 for the next four wingbeats too, whereas the Pileated Woodpeckers recorded here all slowed their flight as they prepared to land in nearby trees.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
B: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
D: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
E: callianopsidae
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There are no data to suggest whether Pileated Woodpeckers can maintain a wingbeat frequency approaching 8.6 s-1 for eight or more wingbeats, like the bird in the Luneau video.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: woodpeckers and others (aka piciformes)
C: callianopsidae
D: pilumnidae
E: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It remains possible that the flight pattern of the bird in the Luneau video is unusual for Pileated Woodpecker, but a frequency of 8.6 s-1 is consistent with a Pileated Woodpecker gaining initial speed and height in escape flight, and by itself cannot be taken as strong evidence that the Luneau video bird was an Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
B: pheidole pilifera
C: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: artabotrys pilosus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It remains possible that the flight pattern of the bird in the Luneau video is unusual for Pileated Woodpecker, but a frequency of 8.6 s-1 is consistent with a Pileated Woodpecker gaining initial speed and height in escape flight, and by itself cannot be taken as strong evidence that the Luneau video bird was an Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: platycheirus pilatus
B: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
C: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
D: graphidipus pilifera
E: cryptophagus pilosus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It remains possible that the flight pattern of the bird in the Luneau video is unusual for Pileated Woodpecker, but a frequency of 8.6 s-1 is consistent with a Pileated Woodpecker gaining initial speed and height in escape flight, and by itself cannot be taken as strong evidence that the Luneau video bird was an Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: scotargus pilosus
B: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: graphidipus pilifera
D: cryptophagus pilosus
E: pheidole pilifera
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It remains possible that the flight pattern of the bird in the Luneau video is unusual for Pileated Woodpecker, but a frequency of 8.6 s-1 is consistent with a Pileated Woodpecker gaining initial speed and height in escape flight, and by itself cannot be taken as strong evidence that the Luneau video bird was an Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dryocopus martius (black woodpecker) (aka dryocopus martius)
B: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
C: gray-crowned woodpecker (aka colaptes auricularis)
D: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
E: white-throated woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Plumage pattern of Pileated Woodpeckers in flight
The video of Pileated Woodpeckers in flight was obtained in avi format, decompiled and examined frame by frame.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: pilargidae
C: cycloderes pilosus
D: pilumnoididae
E: pilumnidae
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Plumage pattern of Pileated Woodpeckers in flight
The video of Pileated Woodpeckers in flight was obtained in avi format, decompiled and examined frame by frame.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilumnoididae
B: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: woodpeckers and others (aka piciformes)
D: woodpeckers (aka picidae)
E: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparisons of Pileated Woodpecker images with key images of Luneau video are shown in Figures 1 and 2, and suggest a genuine resemblance between the bird in the Luneau video and a Pileated Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: graphidipus pilifera
B: platycheirus pilatus
C: artabotrys pilosus
D: cycloderes pilosus
E: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparisons of Pileated Woodpecker images with key images of Luneau video are shown in Figures 1 and 2, and suggest a genuine resemblance between the bird in the Luneau video and a Pileated Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
B: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: scotargus pilosus
D: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
E: pheidole pilifera
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The images of the birds are not identical, but in every frame of the 36 frames available, there are sufficient similarities to suggest that the bird in the Luneau video is consistent with the known Pileated Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: artabotrys pilosus
B: platycheirus pilatus
C: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
D: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: cycloderes pilosus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Further comparisons of the Luneau bird with the other three Pileated escape flights recorded are presented in the supplementary material (see Additional file 1).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilema
B: pilimelia
C: pilatoporus
D: pilolabus
E: pilopleura
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Pileated Woodpeckers flying near-horizontally away from the observer show much more white in poor-quality video than would be expected from their general plumage pattern.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
B: pilargidae
C: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
D: callianopsidae
E: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The expected appearance of the upperwing of Pileated Woodpecker – mostly black with a small white patch at the base of the primaries – is often not seen, and is only clearly resolvable when birds are flying near-vertically before landing on a tree trunk; something the bird in the Luneau video did not do.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: scotargus pilosus
B: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
C: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: pheidole pilifera
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The expected appearance of the upperwing of Pileated Woodpecker – mostly black with a small white patch at the base of the primaries – is often not seen, and is only clearly resolvable when birds are flying near-vertically before landing on a tree trunk; something the bird in the Luneau video did not do.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
B: artabotrys pilosus
C: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
D: nyctocorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
E: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The black trailing edge to the underwing of Pileated Woodpecker is often very inconspicuous and may disappear completely.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: artabotrys pilosus
B: platycheirus pilatus
C: lanio pileatus (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
D: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
E: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In many frames of Pileated Woodpecker, a black trailing edge to the wing is discernable (though due to bleeding of white as a video artifact, it appears narrower than it really is).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
B: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
C: cryptophagus pilosus
D: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
E: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, analysis of the bird in the Luneau video in light of images of known Pileated Woodpeckers confirms that a similar black trailing edge to the wing is discernable in some frames of the Luneau video (compare Figure 1B, frame 775 with Figure 1A, frame 366.7: the apparent plumage patterns are similar, and inconsistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: haustoriidae
C: woodpeckers (aka picidae)
D: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
E: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, analysis of the bird in the Luneau video in light of images of known Pileated Woodpeckers confirms that a similar black trailing edge to the wing is discernable in some frames of the Luneau video (compare Figure 1B, frame 775 with Figure 1A, frame 366.7: the apparent plumage patterns are similar, and inconsistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red-bellied woodpecker (aka melanerpes carolinus)
B: gray-crowned woodpecker (aka colaptes auricularis)
C: rufous-winged woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4] is correct, and that the black trailing edge of the underwing of Pileated Woodpecker can indeed, due to flexion of the wings during the downstroke, be misinterpreted as the black leading edge and wingtips of the upperwing of an Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: artabotrys pilosus
B: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
C: platycheirus pilatus
D: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: pileated finch (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4] is correct, and that the black trailing edge of the underwing of Pileated Woodpecker can indeed, due to flexion of the wings during the downstroke, be misinterpreted as the black leading edge and wingtips of the upperwing of an Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
B: red-bellied woodpecker (aka melanerpes carolinus)
C: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Figure 3 shows that the plumage patterns shown by the Luneau bird, throughout several wingbeat cycles, are compatible with Pileated Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
B: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
C: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: pheidole pilifera
E: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4] that are incompatible with Ivory-billed Woodpecker (black secondary feathers on upper surface of left wing, brighter white primary bases, and a black band curling round the wing tip) are seen consistently in the Luneau video and are recapitulated throughout the video of Pileated Woodpecker.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: white-throated woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
B: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
E: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4] that are incompatible with Ivory-billed Woodpecker (black secondary feathers on upper surface of left wing, brighter white primary bases, and a black band curling round the wing tip) are seen consistently in the Luneau video and are recapitulated throughout the video of Pileated Woodpecker.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
B: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
D: artabotrys pilosus
E: cycloderes pilosus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Discussion
Evidence is presented here to show that the distinctive plumage features of Pileated Woodpecker are surprisingly difficult to resolve in poor-quality video of birds in escape flight away from the camera, and that they can show apparent plumage patterns that might more readily be associated with Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
B: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: pheidole pilifera
D: artabotrys pilosus
E: scotargus pilosus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Discussion
Evidence is presented here to show that the distinctive plumage features of Pileated Woodpecker are surprisingly difficult to resolve in poor-quality video of birds in escape flight away from the camera, and that they can show apparent plumage patterns that might more readily be associated with Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: scotargus pilosus
B: pheidole pilifera
C: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
D: cycloderes pilosus
E: cryptophagus pilosus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Discussion
Evidence is presented here to show that the distinctive plumage features of Pileated Woodpecker are surprisingly difficult to resolve in poor-quality video of birds in escape flight away from the camera, and that they can show apparent plumage patterns that might more readily be associated with Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red-headed woodpecker (aka melanerpes erythrocephalus)
B: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
C: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
D: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
E: bar-bellied woodpecker (aka veniliornis nigriceps)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Irrespective of the identity of the bird in the Luneau video, this knowledge will be critical to assessment of further claims of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers during the current intensive search effort.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bar-bellied woodpecker (aka veniliornis nigriceps)
B: black woodpecker (aka dryocopus martius)
C: ground woodpecker (aka geocolaptes olivaceus)
D: glauconomidae
E: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is, however, suggested here that critical frames used for identification of the Luneau video woodpecker as an Ivory-billed Woodpecker are also consistent with Pileated Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
B: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
C: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
D: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
E: dryocopus martius (black woodpecker) (aka dryocopus martius)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is, however, suggested here that critical frames used for identification of the Luneau video woodpecker as an Ivory-billed Woodpecker are also consistent with Pileated Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
B: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
C: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
E: artabotrys pilosus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The wingbeat frequency of the bird in the Luneau video is also perhaps consistent with Pileated Woodpecker, at least for short periods of flight.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptophagus pilosus
B: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
C: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
D: nyctocorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
E: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of the videos of Pileated Woodpecker has supported the hypothesised interpretations of key frames of the Luneau video by Sibley et al', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: platycheirus pilatus
B: scotargus pilosus
C: cycloderes pilosus
D: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: nycticorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[5] asserted that flexion and motion of wings of Pileated Woodpeckers could not produce the images seen in the Luneau video, it has been shown here that they can.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilargidae
B: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
C: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: pterourus pilumnus (aka papilio pilumnus)
E: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[1], shows features that are consistent with Pileated Woodpecker, and inconsistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
C: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
D: graphidipus pilifera
E: pheidole pilifera
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[1], shows features that are consistent with Pileated Woodpecker, and inconsistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
B: black woodpecker (aka dryocopus martius)
C: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: gray-crowned woodpecker (aka colaptes auricularis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is argued in this paper that, in fact, the black trailing edge of the wing of a Pileated Woodpecker is seen clearly in the Luneau video, during the downstroke of the wingbeat cycle, but that it has been misinterpreted as black wingtips (Figure 1, 2, 3).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
B: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
D: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
E: cryptophagus pilosus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is argued in this paper that, in fact, the black trailing edge of the wing of a Pileated Woodpecker is seen clearly in the Luneau video, during the downstroke of the wingbeat cycle, but that it has been misinterpreted as black wingtips (Figure 1, 2, 3).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
B: pheidole pilifera
C: lanio pileatus (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
D: nyctocorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
E: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The authors summarise nine diagnostic traits from their analysis of the Luneau video that identify the bird as Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
B: gray-crowned woodpecker (aka colaptes auricularis)
C: rufous-winged woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Data presented in this paper show that this statement is not wholly supported, and in any case the underwing of Pileated Woodpeckers can present the same appearance.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilumnidae
B: pilargidae
C: callianopsidae
D: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. 'The upperwing pattern in flight consistently shows a broad, white trailing edge, with no frames demonstrating the conspicuous dark rear border to be expected of normal Pileated Woodpeckers.'
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
B: cycloderes pilosus
C: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
D: pilargidae
E: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Notwithstanding that certain frames of the Luneau video (e.g. frame 350) do appear to show a black trailing edge to the upperwing, data presented in this paper shows that, at this angle of view and resolution of video, Pileated Woodpeckers also may fail to show this feature.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
B: woodpeckers and others (aka piciformes)
C: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: cycloderes pilosus
E: haustoriidae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4] is plausible, i.e. that some of the frames interpreted by [1] to show the upperwing of an Ivory-billed Woodpecker may in fact show large amounts of white and the black trailing edge from the underwing of a Pileated Woodpecker.
3. '', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
B: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
C: bar-bellied woodpecker (aka veniliornis nigriceps)
D: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
E: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4] is plausible, i.e. that some of the frames interpreted by [1] to show the upperwing of an Ivory-billed Woodpecker may in fact show large amounts of white and the black trailing edge from the underwing of a Pileated Woodpecker.
3. '', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: graphidipus pilifera
C: nycticorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: cycloderes pilosus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The wings are longer relative to the body diameter than in Pileated Woodpecker and consistent with the wing shape of Ivory-billed Woodpecker.'
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
B: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
C: scotargus pilosus
D: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: pheidole pilifera
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The wings are longer relative to the body diameter than in Pileated Woodpecker and consistent with the wing shape of Ivory-billed Woodpecker.'
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
B: dryocopus martius (black woodpecker) (aka dryocopus martius)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
E: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '4. 'Reenactment of the scene using life-sized, realistically painted, dynamically flapping models produced images remarkably similar to those of the Luneau video using the Ivory-billed Woodpecker model, and images clearly identifiable as Pileated Woodpecker using a model of that species.'
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
B: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
C: dryocopus martius (black woodpecker) (aka dryocopus martius)
D: white-throated woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
E: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '4. 'Reenactment of the scene using life-sized, realistically painted, dynamically flapping models produced images remarkably similar to those of the Luneau video using the Ivory-billed Woodpecker model, and images clearly identifiable as Pileated Woodpecker using a model of that species.'
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
B: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
C: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
E: artabotrys pilosus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '4. 'Reenactment of the scene using life-sized, realistically painted, dynamically flapping models produced images remarkably similar to those of the Luneau video using the Ivory-billed Woodpecker model, and images clearly identifiable as Pileated Woodpecker using a model of that species.'
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptophagus pilosus
B: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
C: platycheirus pilatus
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: cycloderes pilosus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Reenactment of the scene using real Pileated Woodpeckers has produced images remarkably similar to the Luneau video.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilumnoididae
B: haustoriidae
C: pilumnidae
D: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: picidae (woodpeckers) (aka picidae)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The wingbeat frequency is 8.6 beats per second, which is almost identical to that recorded for Ivory-billed Woodpecker (as documented by one acoustic record from 1935).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
B: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
C: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The wing-beat frequencies of Pileated Woodpecker are not known to exceed 7.5 beats per second, and more typically range between 3 and 6 beats per second.'
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
B: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
C: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
E: platycheirus pilatus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The fact that in only four recorded escape flights of Pileated Woodpecker, two were recorded for which the initial escape flight wingbeat frequency (8.0 s-1 and 8.6 s-1) exceeded that previously recorded for this species shows that previous datasets were too limited to make this conclusion.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pileated finch (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
B: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
C: scotargus pilosus
D: cryptophagus pilosus
E: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Birds flap more rapidly at take off to gain altitude and speed than they do in sustained level flight: Pileated Woodpecker flight data in the literature', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: platycheirus pilatus
B: nyctocorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
C: pheidole pilifera
D: artabotrys pilosus
E: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[1,4,5] was derived from the work of Tobalske [8], which explicitly excluded the initial take-off period, and therefore cannot be used to support the elimination of Pileated Woodpecker in the Luneau video.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
B: cryptophagus pilosus
C: pheidole pilifera
D: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[9] noted that Pileated Woodpeckers can maintain extended fast direct flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
B: haustoriidae
C: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
D: woodpeckers and others (aka piciformes)
E: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'He was of the opinion that flight pattern was not a useful character for separating the two species in the field, and that Pileated Woodpeckers frequently fly in a manner that was in no way different to Ivory-billed Woodpeckers.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilumnidae
B: haustoriidae
C: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: pterourus pilumnus (aka papilio pilumnus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'He was of the opinion that flight pattern was not a useful character for separating the two species in the field, and that Pileated Woodpeckers frequently fly in a manner that was in no way different to Ivory-billed Woodpeckers.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: black woodpecker (aka dryocopus martius)
B: carminibotys
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: white-browed woodpecker (aka piculus aurulentus)
E: wood-warblers (aka parulidae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The figure of 8.6 wingbeats per second for the Luneau bird (data reanalysed here) is taken as consistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker on the basis of analysis of a single archival audio recording [3].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gray-crowned woodpecker (aka colaptes auricularis)
B: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
C: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
D: rufous-winged woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
E: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The figure of 8.6 wingbeats per second for the Luneau bird (data reanalysed here) is taken as consistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker on the basis of analysis of a single archival audio recording [3].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
B: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
C: white-throated woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
D: bar-bellied woodpecker (aka veniliornis nigriceps)
E: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Ivory-billed Woodpecker in that audio tape is clearly flapping its wings, but without accompanying visual confirmation it is not clear that it is in flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
B: white-browed woodpecker (aka piculus aurulentus)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
E: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The assertion that Ivory-billed Woodpeckers flap their wings more quickly than Pileated Woodpeckers is therefore counterintuitive.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
B: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
C: ground woodpecker (aka geocolaptes olivaceus)
D: dryocopus martius (black woodpecker) (aka dryocopus martius)
E: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The assertion that Ivory-billed Woodpeckers flap their wings more quickly than Pileated Woodpeckers is therefore counterintuitive.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
B: woodpeckers (aka picidae)
C: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
D: callianopsidae
E: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Further comment is conjecture: while the flight pattern and wing posture of the bird in the Luneau video may be unusual, it has not been shown that it is outside the range of variability of Pileated Woodpecker, and cannot therefore be used to eliminate the possibility that it was the commoner species.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
C: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
D: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
E: cycloderes pilosus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ivory-billed Woodpecker has white on the back; Pileated Woodpecker has entirely black back.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
B: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
C: red-headed woodpecker (aka melanerpes erythrocephalus)
D: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
E: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ivory-billed Woodpecker has white on the back; Pileated Woodpecker has entirely black back.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: scotargus pilosus
B: artabotrys pilosus
C: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: platycheirus pilatus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nevertheless, this remains the best evidence that the Luneau bird was not a standard Pileated Woodpecker.
7. '', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cycloderes pilosus
B: graphidipus pilifera
C: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
E: scotargus pilosus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The dorsal view of the right wing as it begins to unfold shows a triangle of white that matches in size and position the white on the folded wing of an Ivory-billed Woodpecker beginning to launch into flight.'
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
B: red-headed woodpecker (aka melanerpes erythrocephalus)
C: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
D: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
E: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '(8) 'The distance between the wrist area and the tip of the tail (32–36 cm, as measured when the bird begins to take flight) is comparable to known measurements of Ivory-billed Woodpecker and considerably larger than even the largest Pileated Woodpecker we measured.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
B: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
C: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
D: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
E: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '(8) 'The distance between the wrist area and the tip of the tail (32–36 cm, as measured when the bird begins to take flight) is comparable to known measurements of Ivory-billed Woodpecker and considerably larger than even the largest Pileated Woodpecker we measured.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
C: platycheirus pilatus
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '(8) 'The distance between the wrist area and the tip of the tail (32–36 cm, as measured when the bird begins to take flight) is comparable to known measurements of Ivory-billed Woodpecker and considerably larger than even the largest Pileated Woodpecker we measured.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
B: cycloderes pilosus
C: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
D: graphidipus pilifera
E: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Only 20 seconds before the woodpecker flees, a bird with the size and color pattern of an Ivory-billed Woodpecker was perched within 3 m of the site from which the woodpecker took flight.'
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
B: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
C: dryocopus martius (black woodpecker) (aka dryocopus martius)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: white-throated woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Central to the identification of the flying bird seen in the Luneau video was the evidence that plumage and flight patterns were inconsistent with Pileated Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pheidole pilifera
B: cycloderes pilosus
C: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
E: artabotrys pilosus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Any identification of the bird in the Luneau video as an Ivory-bill must take into account the data presented here and in Sibley et al', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-bill'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: boletellus ivoryi (aka heimioporus ivoryi)
B: echinorhynchus laevis (aka pomphorhynchus laevis)
C: iveidae
D: ivorycoasta
E: mansonia annulifera
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4], which shows it is largely consistent with Pileated Woodpecker and points out apparent inconsistencies with Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nycticorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
B: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
D: lanio pileatus (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
E: cycloderes pilosus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4], which shows it is largely consistent with Pileated Woodpecker and points out apparent inconsistencies with Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
B: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: gray-crowned woodpecker (aka colaptes auricularis)
E: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This does not of course necessarily imply that the Ivory-billed Woodpecker is extinct, nor indeed entirely rule out the possibility that the bird in the Luneau video was one.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
B: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
E: dryocopus martius (black woodpecker) (aka dryocopus martius)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There appears to be no reason to question the anecdotal sight records of Ivory-billed Woodpecker presented in Fitzpatrick et al', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
B: white-browed woodpecker (aka piculus aurulentus)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
E: bar-bellied woodpecker (aka veniliornis nigriceps)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Ivory-billed Woodpecker may persist in continental North America, and there is enough anecdotal evidence to make this a possibility, but the Luneau video does not support the case.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gray-crowned woodpecker (aka colaptes auricularis)
B: rufous-winged woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
E: bar-bellied woodpecker (aka veniliornis nigriceps)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The balance of evidence would suggest that the bird in the Luneau video is more likely to have been a Pileated Woodpecker, but the search for Ivory-billed Woodpecker should continue.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
B: artabotrys pilosus
C: graphidipus pilifera
D: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The balance of evidence would suggest that the bird in the Luneau video is more likely to have been a Pileated Woodpecker, but the search for Ivory-billed Woodpecker should continue.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
B: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
E: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The balance of evidence would suggest that the bird in the Luneau video is more likely to have been a Pileated Woodpecker, but the search for Ivory-billed Woodpecker should continue.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
B: white-browed woodpecker (aka piculus aurulentus)
C: red-headed woodpecker (aka melanerpes erythrocephalus)
D: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
E: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'While this paper was under review, a report of sight records and sound recordings of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers was published from a location in Florida', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ground woodpecker (aka geocolaptes olivaceus)
B: old world warblers (aka sylviidae)
C: woodpeckers and others (aka piciformes)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: rufous-winged woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The 'kent' calls recorded from the Florida location are spectrographically similar to the 'bleat' calls of young White-tailed Deer, as described in Richardson et al', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'white-tailed deer'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: white-lipped deer (aka cervus albirostris)
B: red deer (aka cervus elaphus)
C: cervus leucurus (aka odocoileus virginianus leucurus)
D: odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer) (aka odocoileus virginianus)
E: bactrian deer (aka cervus hanglu bactrianus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A clear photograph will be required from this location too before the presence of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers can be considered confirmed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: old world warblers (aka sylviidae)
B: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
C: woodpeckers (aka picidae)
D: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
E: dendrocoelidae
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Flight and plumage patterns of the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker recorded in Arkansas in 2005 are recapitulated by confirmed Pileated Woodpeckers.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
B: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
C: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
D: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
E: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Flight and plumage patterns of the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker recorded in Arkansas in 2005 are recapitulated by confirmed Pileated Woodpeckers.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilargidae
B: picidae (woodpeckers) (aka picidae)
C: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
D: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
E: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The bird in the Arkansas video is best regarded as not fully identified, and is probably a Pileated Woodpecker.
Methods
Video recording
Pileated Woodpeckers were attracted to a bird feeder containing suet at Grants Trail, Dayton, OH 45459.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
C: nyctocorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
D: pheidole pilifera
E: graphidipus pilifera
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The bird in the Arkansas video is best regarded as not fully identified, and is probably a Pileated Woodpecker.
Methods
Video recording
Pileated Woodpeckers were attracted to a bird feeder containing suet at Grants Trail, Dayton, OH 45459.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilargidae
B: picidae (woodpeckers) (aka picidae)
C: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
D: callianopsidae
E: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The decompiled file was examined frame by frame and compared to the decompiled images of the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker presented in Fitzpatrick et al', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
B: white-browed woodpecker (aka piculus aurulentus)
C: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial and phage strains.
E. coli K336 is a SuO derivative of K140 (13).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
B: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
C: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
D: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'E. coli CB454 is a recA-, lacZderivative of K-12 (14).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia phage
B: escherichia sp.
C: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
D: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
E: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'E. coli CB454 is a recA-, lacZderivative of K-12 (14).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
B: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
C: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
D: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
E: escherichia phage
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Restriction enzymes, T4 DNA ligase and polymerase, and the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase were purchased from Boehringer Biochemicals or New England Biolabs and reactions were carried out according to the manufacturers' instructions.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia sp.
B: unspecified coliform bacterium
C: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
E: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'pFA02. P7 plasmid DNA was digested with PvuII, ligated to similarly digested pBR322, and transformed into E. coli K336.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
B: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
C: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
D: escherichia
E: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
F: None of the above. | B |
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