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<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: calamus whitmorei
C: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
D: plagiostomum whitmani
E: leishmania killicki
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
C: harttiella intermedia
D: leptophlebia intermedia
E: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is yet not clear whether introgression has played an important role in the evolution of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lemmaphyllum intermedium (lepidogrammitis intermedia) (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: leptonema intermedium
D: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
E: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is yet not clear whether introgression has played an important role in the evolution of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: calamus whitmorei
B: leishmania killicki
C: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
D: somalicharmus whitmanae
E: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
B: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: harttiella intermedia
D: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
E: licuala intermedia
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: somalicharmus whitmanae
B: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
C: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
D: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
E: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
B: somalicharmus whitmanae
C: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
D: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
E: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It might, on the other hand, suggest that this behavioral gene, or at least the fragment we analyzed, did not play a role in speciation between L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
B: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
C: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
D: leptophlebia intermedia
E: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It might, on the other hand, suggest that this behavioral gene, or at least the fragment we analyzed, did not play a role in speciation between L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
B: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
C: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
D: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: calamus whitmorei
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[44] despite per's role controlling lovesong and mating rhythm differences between D. melanogaster and D. simulans [13-16].
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. melanogaster'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
B: melanogaster subgroup
C: flies (aka diptera)
D: bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster (aka bactrocera melanogaster)
E: drosophila melanogaster (sophophora melanogaster) (aka drosophila melanogaster)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[44] despite per's role controlling lovesong and mating rhythm differences between D. melanogaster and D. simulans [13-16].
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. simulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pleiospilos simulans
B: drosophila simulans
C: parasteatoda simulans
D: paramollugo simulans
E: melanogaster <flies> (melanogaster) (aka melanogaster <flies>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although the evidence for introgression in the per gene between L. intermedia and L. whitmani is not overwhelming, it does indicate the need to extend this analysis to other loci in the future.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leptonema intermedium
B: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
C: 'lactobacillus intermedius' (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
D: mancinella intermedia
E: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although the evidence for introgression in the per gene between L. intermedia and L. whitmani is not overwhelming, it does indicate the need to extend this analysis to other loci in the future.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
B: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: spiniraja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
D: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
E: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia and L. whitmani were identified according to Young and Duncan [1].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: licuala intermedia
B: leptophlebia intermedia
C: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
D: vellozia intermedia
E: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia and L. whitmani were identified according to Young and Duncan [1].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: calamus whitmorei
B: orobdella whitmani
C: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
D: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: leishmania killicki
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[45] and only one F1 male of each female was used for the molecular analysis, which included 68 individuals of L. intermedia (12 from Afonso Claudio, 18 from Posse, 20 from Corte de Pedra and 18 from Jacarepaguá) and 51 individuals of L. whitmani (12 from Afonso Claudio, 17 from Posse, 3 from Corte de Pedra and 19 from Ilhéus).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: leptophlebia intermedia
C: vellozia intermedia
D: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
E: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[45] and only one F1 male of each female was used for the molecular analysis, which included 68 individuals of L. intermedia (12 from Afonso Claudio, 18 from Posse, 20 from Corte de Pedra and 18 from Jacarepaguá) and 51 individuals of L. whitmani (12 from Afonso Claudio, 17 from Posse, 3 from Corte de Pedra and 19 from Ilhéus).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chionodes whitmanella
B: leishmania killicki
C: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
D: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[45] and only one F1 male of each female was used for the molecular analysis, which included 68 individuals of L. intermedia (12 from Afonso Claudio, 18 from Posse, 20 from Corte de Pedra and 18 from Jacarepaguá) and 51 individuals of L. whitmani (12 from Afonso Claudio, 17 from Posse, 3 from Corte de Pedra and 19 from Ilhéus).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chionodes whitmanella
B: somalicharmus whitmanae
C: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
D: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
E: orobdella whitmani
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'With the exception of two L. whitmani individuals from Corte de Pedra (see below), only one sequence of each sand fly (representing one of the two possible alleles) was used in the analysis but an average of three sequences per individual were obtained in order to check possible PCR induced mutations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
C: plagiostomum whitmani
D: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
E: orobdella whitmani
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the case of the two L. whitmani mentioned above 6 and 9 clones were sequenced respectively from specimens WCP01 and WCP03 to determine both alleles simply to increase the size of this small sample.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
B: calamus whitmorei
C: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
D: leishmania killicki
E: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rap1p and other transcriptional regulators can function in defining distinct domains of gene expression
Abstract
Barrier elements that are able to block the propagation of transcriptional silencing in yeast are functionally similar to chromatin boundary/insulator elements in metazoans that delimit functional chromosomal domains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomycodes
D: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
E: budding yeasts & others (aka saccharomycotina)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The HML and HMR loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are silent chromatin domains (1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
B: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomyces sp.
E: saccharomyces uvarum (saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum) (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The SIR complex consisting of Sir2p through Sir4p is an integral part of yeast silent chromatin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomycodes
B: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
D: saccharomyceta
E: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In vertebrates and fission yeast, spread of silent chromatin involves a chain of events of histone H3 deacetylation → H3 methylation → binding of methylated H3 by HP1 (heterochromatin protein 1) or swi6 (4).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
C: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
D: saccharomyces sp.
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In S.cerevisiae, there is evidence that Sir3p (hence the SIR complex) has much higher affinity to unacetylated histone H4 than acetylated H4 (5).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's.cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces paradoxus
C: saccharomyces paradoxus
D: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'One of the best characterized insulators is the chicken HS4 insulator at the β-globin locus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallus
B: turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
C: galliformes (landfowls) (aka galliformes)
D: chickens (aka gallus gallus)
E: miletus gallus gallus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, sequences that could block the spread of silent chromatin have been discovered in S.cerevisiae (7,8).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's.cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae synthetic construct
B: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces paradoxus
E: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The mechanisms underlying barrier functions in yeast are not known.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The mechanisms underlying barrier functions in yeast are not known.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
B: saccharomyces sp.
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we found that in addition to TEF2-UAS, UASs of many yeast genes exhibit barrier activity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomycodes
B: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
C: saccharomyces sp.
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA)
Rap1p was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) from pL3S5, a pET vector carrying the RAP1 gene downstream of a T7 promoter (26).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli bl21 (de3)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli strain ht115 (aka escherichia coli ht115)
B: escherichia coli t408
C: escherichia phage de3 (enterobacteria phage de3) (aka escherichia phage de3)
D: escherichia coli str. bl21(de3) (aka escherichia coli bl21(de3))
E: escherichia coli strain bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag (aka escherichia coli 'bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag')
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5 µg of crude protein extract, non-specific competitor DNAs (0.3 µg of yeast tRNA, 0.3 µg of salmon sperm DNA and 0.5 µg of E.coli DNA), 10 µg of BSA, 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM MgCl2 and 8% glycerol.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces sp.
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
C: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
D: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5 µg of crude protein extract, non-specific competitor DNAs (0.3 µg of yeast tRNA, 0.3 µg of salmon sperm DNA and 0.5 µg of E.coli DNA), 10 µg of BSA, 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM MgCl2 and 8% glycerol.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'salmon'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: salmonids (aka salmonidae)
B: salmoneus
C: salmonid fish
D: oncorhynchus mykiss (oncorhynchus nerka mykiss) (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
E: black sea salmon (aka salmo labrax)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5 µg of crude protein extract, non-specific competitor DNAs (0.3 µg of yeast tRNA, 0.3 µg of salmon sperm DNA and 0.5 µg of E.coli DNA), 10 µg of BSA, 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM MgCl2 and 8% glycerol.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e.coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia phage
B: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
C: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
D: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
E: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of the supercoiling of DNA circles
Cells were grown in YPR (yeast extract + bacto peptone + 2% raffinose) to early log phase.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyceta
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'TEF2 encoding translation elongation factor 1α is one of the most highly expressed genes in yeast (27).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: budding yeasts & others (aka saccharomycotina)
B: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
D: saccharomycodes
E: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this report we used the topology assay to address if barrier elements altered local chromatin structure as Drosophila or chicken insulators did (40,41).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'drosophila'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fruit flies (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
B: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <flies>)
C: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,subgenus>)
D: drosophila (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
E: hawaiian drosophila
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this report we used the topology assay to address if barrier elements altered local chromatin structure as Drosophila or chicken insulators did (40,41).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
B: gallus sp.
C: gallus
D: gallasellus
E: landfowls (aka galliformes)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Various sequences (designated X) from UASs of TEF2, AgTEF (TEF gene from Ashbya gossypii) and ADE2 were inserted between HML-E and HMLα at HMLΔI (HML locus deleted for the I silencer) flanked by the FRT sites for the Flp1p site-specific recombinase (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ashbya gossypii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phytoscaphus gossypii
B: cercospora gossypii
C: nematospora gossypii (aka eremothecium gossypii)
D: hippolytia gossypina
E: depressaria gossypiella (aka pectinophora gossypiella)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Various sequences (designated X) from UASs of TEF2, AgTEF (TEF gene from Ashbya gossypii) and ADE2 were inserted between HML-E and HMLα at HMLΔI (HML locus deleted for the I silencer) flanked by the FRT sites for the Flp1p site-specific recombinase (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ashbya gossypii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aphelinus gossypii
B: macrosporium gossypinum (aka alternaria gossypina)
C: chrysopsis gossypina
D: bipolaris gossypina
E: antrodia gossypium (aka fibroporia gossypium)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These newly identified barrier elements together with previously described barrier elements (STARs, HMR-tRNA gene, TEF2-UAS and CHA1-UAS) (9–11,21) are scattered across the yeast genome and may play a role in dividing the genome into functional domains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyceta
B: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
C: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
D: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
E: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For instance, the chicken β-globin insulator was linked to changes in nucleosome positioning, and the Drosophila scs and scs′ boundary elements are associated with unusual chromatin structures that are hypersensitive to nucleases (40,41).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallus sp.
B: birds (aka aves)
C: miletus gallus gallus
D: gallus
E: gallus gallus (gallus gallus domesticus) (aka gallus gallus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For instance, the chicken β-globin insulator was linked to changes in nucleosome positioning, and the Drosophila scs and scs′ boundary elements are associated with unusual chromatin structures that are hypersensitive to nucleases (40,41).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'drosophila'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila <flies,genus> (fruit flies) (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
B: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <basidiomycete fungi>)
C: flies (aka diptera)
D: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <flies>)
E: drosophila melanogaster (sophophora melanogaster) (aka drosophila melanogaster)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, it is not clear whether any chromatin change associated with barrier function in yeast or insulator function in higher cells is the cause or effect of the function.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In fact, recruitment of HAT activity has also been suggested to be the mechanism underlying the function of the chicken β-globin insulator (6), although it was not known what HAT might be involved.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
B: avian (aka aves)
C: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
D: gallorhynchus
E: landfowls (aka galliformes)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host immunity in the protective response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei
Abstract
Background
We performed initial cell, cytokine and complement depletion studies to investigate the possible role of these effectors in response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei in a susceptible BALB/c mouse model of infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'burkholderia mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: burkholderia mallei jhu (burkholderia mallei strain jhu) (aka burkholderia mallei jhu)
B: burkholderia mallei (actinobacillus mallei) (aka burkholderia mallei)
C: burkholderia mallei atcc 23344 (burkholderia mallei str. atcc 23344) (aka burkholderia mallei atcc 23344)
D: mucilaginibacter mallensis
E: burkholderia mallei str. fmh (aka burkholderia mallei fmh)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host immunity in the protective response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei
Abstract
Background
We performed initial cell, cytokine and complement depletion studies to investigate the possible role of these effectors in response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei in a susceptible BALB/c mouse model of infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'burkholderia mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: burkholderia mallei 2002721280 (burkholderia mallei strain 2002721280) (aka burkholderia mallei 2002721280)
B: mucilaginibacter mallensis
C: loefferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
D: burkholderia mallei savp1 (burkholderia mallei strain savp1) (aka burkholderia mallei savp1)
E: burkholderia mallei strain_11
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host immunity in the protective response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei
Abstract
Background
We performed initial cell, cytokine and complement depletion studies to investigate the possible role of these effectors in response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei in a susceptible BALB/c mouse model of infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
B: peromyscus
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results demonstrated that mice depleted of either B cells, TNF-α or IFN-γ exhibited decreased survival rates, indicating a role for these effectors in obtaining partial protection from a lethal challenge by the intraperitoneal route.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
B: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
C: peromyscus
D: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
E: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
The data provide a basis for future studies of protection via vaccination using either subunit or whole-organism vaccine preparations from lethal infection in the experimental BALB/c mouse model.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
B: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
C: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
The data provide a basis for future studies of protection via vaccination using either subunit or whole-organism vaccine preparations from lethal infection in the experimental BALB/c mouse model.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
B: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
C: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
D: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
E: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
Burkholderia mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders, is a gram-negative, capsulated, non-motile, facultative intracelluar bacterium.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'burkholderia mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: burkholderia mallei china_7
B: burkholderia mallei strain_6
C: burkholderia mallei savp1 (burkholderia mallei strain savp1) (aka burkholderia mallei savp1)
D: pfeifferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: burkholderia mallei fmh (burkholderia mallei strain fmh) (aka burkholderia mallei fmh)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Most known members of the Burkholderiaceae are resident in the soil; however, B. mallei is thought to be an obligate mammalian pathogen.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
B: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
C: malleco
D: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: bartonella melophagi (candidatus bartonella melophagi) (aka bartonella melophagi)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Horses are highly susceptible to infection and considered the natural reservoir for infection, although mules and donkeys are also susceptible [1].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'horses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: equus asinus (ass (aka equus asinus))
B: equus sp.
C: equus africanus (aka equus asinus africanus)
D: equus subgen. sussemionus (aka equus)
E: horse (aka equus caballus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Horses are highly susceptible to infection and considered the natural reservoir for infection, although mules and donkeys are also susceptible [1].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'donkeys'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: equus asinus asinus
B: eques
C: donkey (aka equus asinus)
D: equus asinus x equus caballus (hybrid of male donkey and female horse) (aka equus asinus x equus caballus)
E: equus caballus x equus asinus (hybrid of male horse and female donkey) (aka equus caballus x equus asinus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clinically, glanders in solipeds can present as either a chronic (horses) or acute (mules and donkeys) form.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'horses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: horse (aka equus caballus)
B: equus przewalskii (equus caballus przewalskii) (aka equus przewalskii)
C: equus sp.
D: eques
E: russian wild horse (aka equus ferus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clinically, glanders in solipeds can present as either a chronic (horses) or acute (mules and donkeys) form.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'donkeys'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: domestic ass (aka equus asinus)
B: eques
C: equine (aka equus caballus)
D: equus subg. asinus (aka equus)
E: equus asinus x equus caballus (hybrid of male donkey and female horse) (aka equus asinus x equus caballus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Naturally acquired human infection with B. mallei, although not seen in the United States since 1945, has occurred rarely and sporadically among laboratory workers and those in direct contact with infected animals [2].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: suborder
C: humans (aka homo)
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Naturally acquired human infection with B. mallei, although not seen in the United States since 1945, has occurred rarely and sporadically among laboratory workers and those in direct contact with infected animals [2].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: erysiphe malloti
B: burkholderia mallei (actinobacillus mallei) (aka burkholderia mallei)
C: malleco
D: mallomonas peronoides (aka mallomonas peroneides)
E: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Inhalation of aerosol or dust containing B. mallei can lead to septicemic, pulmonary, or chronic infections of the muscle, liver and spleen.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: inocybe subg. mallocybe (aka mallocybe)
B: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
C: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
D: loefferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: erysiphe malloti
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There is no human or animal vaccine available for glanders, and development of a partial or fully protective adaptive host response to the organism has not been well-defined.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: macrobiotus sapiens
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: suborder
D: animals (aka metazoa)
E: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There is no human or animal vaccine available for glanders, and development of a partial or fully protective adaptive host response to the organism has not been well-defined.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: probles
B: primate (aka primates)
C: animals (aka metazoa)
D: humans (aka homo)
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Previous studies with B. mallei and the host response have shown that a mixed immune response consisting of both Th1 and Th2-associated cytokines with a predominant IgG1 subclass does not correlate with protection [4].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
B: malleco
C: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
D: mallomonas papillosa
E: acinetobacter mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additional studies with passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies specific for B. mallei have correlated with early protection from infection [5].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
B: burkholderia mallei (actinobacillus mallei) (aka burkholderia mallei)
C: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
D: mallomonas peronoides (aka mallomonas peroneides)
E: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recent studies have also shown the Th1 cytokine IL-12 to mediate partial protection to non-viable B. mallei-vaccinated mice [6].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malleco
B: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
C: mucilaginibacter mallensis
D: acinetobacter mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: erysiphe malloti
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recent studies have also shown the Th1 cytokine IL-12 to mediate partial protection to non-viable B. mallei-vaccinated mice [6].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
B: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
E: peromyscus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, full correlates of protection mediated by the adaptive immune system against B. mallei remain to be fully elucidated.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
B: mucilaginibacter mallensis
C: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
D: loefferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this series of studies, we sought to address the impact of depletion of the major effector lymphoid cell populations (B220+ B cells, CD4+ or CD8+ T cells) and key pro-inflammatory/Type 1 cytokines (IFN-γ or TNF-α) on survival in BALB/c mice vaccinated with heat killed (HK) bacilli followed by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge with live organism.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
C: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
D: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
E: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Heat killed bacteria were used as a model of vaccination to allow evaluation of B. mallei specific immune responses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: inocybe subg. mallocybe (aka mallocybe)
B: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
C: bartonella melophagi (candidatus bartonella melophagi) (aka bartonella melophagi)
D: loefferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: mallomonas papillosa
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Heat-killed B. mallei vaccination mediates partial protection from lethal challenge
To begin to address this issue in an animal model of acute infection, we established that immunologically naive BALB/c mice challenged i.p.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: inocybe subg. mallocybe (aka mallocybe)
B: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
C: bartonella melophagi (candidatus bartonella melophagi) (aka bartonella melophagi)
D: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
E: mallomonas papillosa
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Heat-killed B. mallei vaccination mediates partial protection from lethal challenge
To begin to address this issue in an animal model of acute infection, we established that immunologically naive BALB/c mice challenged i.p.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
B: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
C: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two independent experiments resulted in similar findings of 40% survival for HK-vaccinated mice with a mean survival time (MST) of 8 days versus 4 days in naïve mice (Fig. 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
D: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
E: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two independent experiments resulted in similar findings of 40% survival for HK-vaccinated mice with a mean survival time (MST) of 8 days versus 4 days in naïve mice (Fig. 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
B: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
D: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
E: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two independent experiments resulted in similar findings of 40% survival for HK-vaccinated mice with a mean survival time (MST) of 8 days versus 4 days in naïve mice (Fig. 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
B: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
E: peromyscus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The administration of vaccines for B. mallei during an outbreak would mandate relatively rapid onset of protection for human or veterinary use.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: acinetobacter mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
B: mallomonas papillosa
C: erysiphe malloti
D: inocybe subg. mallocybe (aka mallocybe)
E: malleco
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The administration of vaccines for B. mallei during an outbreak would mandate relatively rapid onset of protection for human or veterinary use.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: macrobiotus sapiens
B: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: animals (aka metazoa)
E: kingdom
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results indicate that HK vaccination can afford partial protection to an otherwise lethal challenge of B. mallei by the i.p. route.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
B: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
C: mucilaginibacter mallensis
D: burkholderia mallei (actinobacillus mallei) (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: mallomonas papillosa
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Effects of cell depletion on HK-vaccinated survival
To dissect the cellular basis for protection mediated by HK vaccination, 13 days after immunization with HK bacteria (day -1), and at day of challenge, mice were dosed with antibodies to deplete CD4+, CD8+ or B220+ cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
B: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
E: peromyscus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Antibody depletion of CD4+, CD8+, or B220+ cells in these mice was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis with depletion efficiencies for CD4, CD8, and B220 populations at 99.7%, 96%, and 95%, respectively, relative to mice treated with isotype control monoclonal antibodies (data not shown).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
D: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
E: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Antibody depletion of CD4+, CD8+, or B220+ cells in these mice was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis with depletion efficiencies for CD4, CD8, and B220 populations at 99.7%, 96%, and 95%, respectively, relative to mice treated with isotype control monoclonal antibodies (data not shown).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
B: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
C: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
D: peromyscus
E: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results demonstrated decreased survival rates in B220 (p = 0.3418), CD4+ (p = 0.5417) and CD8+ (p = 0.4684) antibody depleted mice, compared to isotype control antibody, a finding that indicated a possible role for vaccine induced antibody production.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
B: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
C: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
D: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When challenged with 2 × 107 CFU/mouse by the i.p. route, loss of T cells resulted in reduced survival (50%) relative to the non-specific isotype control (Fig. 2).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
B: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
C: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further evaluate the necessity of these effector cells in providing protection following HK vaccination, relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice, deficient in mature B-cells (μMT), CD4 T-cells (CD4-/-) or CD8 T-cells (CD8-/-) were subjected to an identical HK vaccination and challenge regimen.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
B: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
C: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
D: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
E: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further evaluate the necessity of these effector cells in providing protection following HK vaccination, relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice, deficient in mature B-cells (μMT), CD4 T-cells (CD4-/-) or CD8 T-cells (CD8-/-) were subjected to an identical HK vaccination and challenge regimen.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
B: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
C: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: peromyscus
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Mature, B-cell-deficient mice demonstrated a 50% decreased survival (p = 0.0888) compared to the wild-type mice with an MST of 35.5 days (Fig. 3).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
B: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
C: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
E: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Mature, B-cell-deficient mice demonstrated a 50% decreased survival (p = 0.0888) compared to the wild-type mice with an MST of 35.5 days (Fig. 3).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
B: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
C: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'CD4-/- and CD8-/- mice exhibited a 60% (p = 0.1343) and 0% reduced survival, respectively (Fig. 3).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
B: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: peromyscus
E: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Effects of cytokine depletion on HK vaccination
Similar studies were performed to determine the role of IFN-γ or TNF-α in acute infection in BALB/c mice immunized with HK bacteria.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
B: peromyscus
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
E: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Six hours before challenge, mice were dosed with antibodies that neutralize IFN-γ or TNF-α.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
B: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
C: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
D: mice (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
E: peromyscus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Individual depletion of either TNF-α (p = 0.0145) or IFN-γ (p = 0.0446) resulted in 100% mortality with an MST of 3 and 2 days, respectively, compared to the HK-vaccinated isotype control mice (Fig. 4).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
B: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: mice (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, 40% of HK-vaccinated, isotype control mice survived to at least 12 days post-challenge (Fig 4).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
D: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
E: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further evaluate the host TNF-α response during an established B. mallei chronic infection, we infected 12 BALB/c mice by the i.p. route with 1 × 106 CFU B. mallei.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: erysiphe malloti
B: malleco
C: actinobacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
D: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
E: bartonella melophagi (candidatus bartonella melophagi) (aka bartonella melophagi)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further evaluate the host TNF-α response during an established B. mallei chronic infection, we infected 12 BALB/c mice by the i.p. route with 1 × 106 CFU B. mallei.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
B: peromyscus
C: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
D: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
E: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further evaluate the host TNF-α response during an established B. mallei chronic infection, we infected 12 BALB/c mice by the i.p. route with 1 × 106 CFU B. mallei.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
B: actinobacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
C: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
D: erysiphe malloti
E: mallomonas peronoides (aka mallomonas peroneides)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further evaluate the host TNF-α response during an established B. mallei chronic infection, we infected 12 BALB/c mice by the i.p. route with 1 × 106 CFU B. mallei.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: erysiphe malloti
B: mucilaginibacter mallensis
C: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
D: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
E: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'On day 42 post-infection, the remaining 11 mice were dosed with either anti-TNF-α (n = 6), or control mAb (AFRC Mac 49) (n = 5).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
C: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
D: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No further deaths were observed in the control mAb-treated mice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
D: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
E: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid mortality was observed in the anti-TNF-α-treated group, with all mice dying within 7 days of treatment (p = 0.0023) relative to the isotype-treated controls (Fig. 5).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
B: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
E: peromyscus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'J774A.1 uptake of serum treated B. mallei
Complement mediated uptake assays were performed to evaluate opsonization.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
B: mallomonas papillosa
C: mucilaginibacter mallensis
D: bartonella melophagi (candidatus bartonella melophagi) (aka bartonella melophagi)
E: malleco
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results indicated enhanced bacterial uptake in J774A.1 phagocytes inoculated with serum treated B. mallei (p = .0082), compared to B. mallei alone, while heat-inactivated serum produced uptake percentages similar to those prior to serum addition (Fig. 6).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: inocybe subg. mallocybe (aka mallocybe)
B: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
C: pfeifferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
D: mucilaginibacter mallensis
E: erysiphe malloti
F: None of the above. | C |
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