instruction stringlengths 161 2.29k | input stringlengths 80 650 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cell lines and cell extracts
HeLa (ATCC CCL 2.2) and T24 (human transitional cell bladder carcinoma) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: probles
C: avian (aka aves)
D: kingdom
E: species
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A bovine aortic endothelial cell line was kindly provided by Dr Eugene G Levin from the Scripps Research Institute (La Jolla, CA, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bos taurus indicus (aka bos indicus)
B: boveria
C: cow (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
D: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
E: bovinae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% calf serum, harvested and extracted in Buffer A (150 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH7.2, 0.5% Nonidet P-40) with protease inhibitor (Complete™; Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'calf'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bovine (aka bos taurus)
B: sueus
C: equus subg. asinus (aka equus)
D: bovidae
E: boveria
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Western blot
Whole cell lysates from bovine aortic endothelial cell, HeLa and T24 cells were resolved individually by discontinuous 7.5% gel SDS-PAGE according to Laemmli's method', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bos (cattle) (aka bos)
B: domestic cattle (aka bos taurus)
C: bos sp.
D: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
E: bovinae
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nitrocellulose strips were blocked with 3% nonfat milk in PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 (PBS-T) and then incubated with BD patient sera and normal control sera (1:100 dilution) at room temperature for 1 h. Filters were washed extensively with PBS-T to remove any unbound antibodies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: data
C: circe
D: species
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nitrocellulose strips were blocked with 3% nonfat milk in PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 (PBS-T) and then incubated with BD patient sera and normal control sera (1:100 dilution) at room temperature for 1 h. Filters were washed extensively with PBS-T to remove any unbound antibodies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: data
B: proxys
C: other (aka unidentified)
D: kingdom
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bound antibodies were detected with polyvalent, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human Ig and visualized by incubating the nitrocellulose strips in chemiluminescent reagents (NEN Life Science Products Inc., Boston, MA, USA) and exposing to Kodak XAR-5 films.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'goat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caponia
B: capraita
C: capneidae
D: capra hircus (capra aegagrus hircus) (aka capra hircus)
E: capra cretica (aka capra hircus cretica)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bound antibodies were detected with polyvalent, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human Ig and visualized by incubating the nitrocellulose strips in chemiluminescent reagents (NEN Life Science Products Inc., Boston, MA, USA) and exposing to Kodak XAR-5 films.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
B: species
C: animals (aka metazoa)
D: kingdom
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Screening of phage cDNA expression library with antibody probes
Serum from a BD patient showing the highest antibody titer in immunoblotting was selected as a probe and used at a dilution of 1:300 for initial immunoscreening of approximately 106 recombinants from a T24 cDNA expression library.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: proxys
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: suborder
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In brief, 1 μg of the pBK-CMV plasmid identified in the screening outlined above was added as template in a 50-μl reaction for the coupled in vitro transcription and translation reaction with a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) in the presence of 35S-methionine (Trans-35S label; ICN Biochemicals, Costa Mesa, CA, USA) and RNasin® Ribonuclease Inhibitor (Stratagene) as recommended by the manufacturer (Promega).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hares (aka lepus)
B: ox (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
C: rabbits (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
D: cattle (aka bos)
E: swamp rabbit (aka sylvilagus aquaticus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results and discussion
Autoantibody detection in sera from BD patients
Initial examination of a group of 39 BD patients using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on a HEp-2 cell substrate did not yield any characteristic nuclear or cytoplasmic staining patterns.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cancer
B: theraps
C: other (aka unidentified)
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: probles
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results and discussion
Autoantibody detection in sera from BD patients
Initial examination of a group of 39 BD patients using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on a HEp-2 cell substrate did not yield any characteristic nuclear or cytoplasmic staining patterns.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: this
D: kingdom
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, the use of bovine aortic endothelial cells as substrate for IIF did not provide any additional data.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: boveria
B: bovinae
C: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
D: dairy cow (aka bos taurus)
E: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, Western blot analysis of the BD sera began to show some interesting autoreactivity using cell lysates from both HeLa and bovine aortic endothelial cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bovidae
B: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
C: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
D: cattle (aka bos)
E: dairy cow (aka bos taurus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the 49 kDa and 120 kDa bands were observed in cell extracts from bovine as well as human cell lines, these autoantigens might be evolutionarily conserved.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bovinae
B: bos bovis (aka bos taurus)
C: boveria
D: cattle (aka bos)
E: bos sp.
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the 49 kDa and 120 kDa bands were observed in cell extracts from bovine as well as human cell lines, these autoantigens might be evolutionarily conserved.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cellular organisms (biota) (aka cellular organisms)
B: this
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: macrobiotus sapiens
E: animals (aka metazoa)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the 49 kDa and 120 kDa bands were observed in cell extracts from bovine as well as human cell lines, these autoantigens might be evolutionarily conserved.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: suborder
C: humans (aka homo)
D: avian (aka aves)
E: animals (aka metazoa)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'I definitive BD patients with the strongest reactivity to 49 kDa and 120 kDa antigens (Fig. 1, lane 2) was selected as antibody probe for expression library screening.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: aides
C: this
D: cancer
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Their identities were established as overlapping partial cDNAs of human kinectin, ranging from 1.9 kb to 3 kb (Fig. 2a).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
B: primate (aka primates)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: genus
E: probles
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The full-length human kinectin (GenBank accession number NM_182926[27]) has 4,816 bases containing an open reading frame coding 1,357 amino acid residues with molecular mass 156 kDa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: birds (aka aves)
C: species
D: humans (aka homo)
E: mammals (aka mammalia)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Kinectin was initially identified in chick embryo brain microsome as an integral membrane protein anchored in endoplasmic reticulum and involved in kinesin-driven vesicle motility along microtubules [28,29].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chick'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallus
B: gallus gallus (gallus gallus domesticus) (aka gallus gallus)
C: arilus gallus
D: gallio
E: mus spretus (mus musculus spretus) (aka mus spretus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Yeast two-hybrid screen studies from several laboratories have revealed the interaction of the Rho family of GTPase with kinectin, and have shown the functional links among RhoG, kinectin and kinesin, with kinectin as a key effector of RhoG microtubule-dependent cellular activity [32].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces sp.
B: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Out of 39 BD patient sera, nine (23%) recognized the BD44 translation product (Fig. 3), whereas sera from 20 normal controls, 10 SLE and 10 SjS patients did not show reactivity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: species
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: isolate
D: theraps
E: probles
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Out of 39 BD patient sera, nine (23%) recognized the BD44 translation product (Fig. 3), whereas sera from 20 normal controls, 10 SLE and 10 SjS patients did not show reactivity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: other (aka unidentified)
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: theraps
D: goes
E: aides
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the nine anti-kinectin positive patients, six (6/25, 24%) were from Group I (definitive BD) including the BD patient whose serum was used in the immunoscreening of expression cDNA library, and three (3/14, 21.4%) patients were from the Group II (probable BD) in this study.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cancer
B: aides
C: genus
D: this
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the nine anti-kinectin positive patients, six (6/25, 24%) were from Group I (definitive BD) including the BD patient whose serum was used in the immunoscreening of expression cDNA library, and three (3/14, 21.4%) patients were from the Group II (probable BD) in this study.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: proxys
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: species
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the nine anti-kinectin positive patients, six (6/25, 24%) were from Group I (definitive BD) including the BD patient whose serum was used in the immunoscreening of expression cDNA library, and three (3/14, 21.4%) patients were from the Group II (probable BD) in this study.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: this
C: aides
D: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the nine anti-kinectin positive patients, six (6/25, 24%) were from Group I (definitive BD) including the BD patient whose serum was used in the immunoscreening of expression cDNA library, and three (3/14, 21.4%) patients were from the Group II (probable BD) in this study.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: circe
D: probles
E: other (aka unidentified)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The combined data substantiated the finding that kinectin is an autoantigen that can be recognized by sera from 23% of Chinese BD patients in this study with at least one immunoreactive region or autoepitope residing within the BD44 encoded polypeptide.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: other (aka unidentified)
C: probles
D: subsection
E: cancer
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As discussed above, differential diagnosis of BD might be confusing in clinical practice since no specific laboratory test is available, and some patients may have symptoms and signs strongly suggestive of BD but do not fully satisfy the International Criteria, as in the Group II (probable BD) patients in our study group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: probles
B: subsection
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: this
E: suborder
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As discussed above, differential diagnosis of BD might be confusing in clinical practice since no specific laboratory test is available, and some patients may have symptoms and signs strongly suggestive of BD but do not fully satisfy the International Criteria, as in the Group II (probable BD) patients in our study group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: other (aka unidentified)
C: kingdom
D: circe
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A number of investigators have pointed out that a comprehensive analysis of the clinical data for a given patient is very important for correct clinical diagnosis of BD, and that classification/diagnosis criteria, including the International Criteria, should be followed but should not be exclusive.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: other (aka unidentified)
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: this
D: probles
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The observation that three out of 14 patients in the probable BD group also had antibody to kinectin and the similar percentage of positive reactors between this group and Group I (21.4% versus 24%) supports this notion.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: probles
C: humans (aka homo)
D: circe
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The further use of non-clinical parameters such as immunological biomarkers as adjuncts to identify BD patients could be of help in the classification of this disease entity
While our work was ongoing, anti-kinectin antibodies were reported in sera from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aides
B: cancer
C: genus
D: other (aka unidentified)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The further use of non-clinical parameters such as immunological biomarkers as adjuncts to identify BD patients could be of help in the classification of this disease entity
While our work was ongoing, anti-kinectin antibodies were reported in sera from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: goes
C: suborder
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: this
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The first HCC report [35] identified kinectin as a tumor-associated antigen from the screening of an autologous cDNA library constructed from the cancer of a 30-year-old patient from Guangxi, China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: humans (aka homo)
B: subsection
C: this
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This report stated that four out of five HCC patients tested were positive for anti-kinectin antibody', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: probles
B: aides
C: other (aka unidentified)
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: cancer
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In 2004, another laboratory also reported the cloning of kinectin as a tumor-associated antigen from a (presumably) different 30-year-old Chinese HCC patient [36].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cancer
B: probles
C: isolate
D: theraps
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In 2004, another laboratory also reported the cloning of kinectin as a tumor-associated antigen from a (presumably) different 30-year-old Chinese HCC patient [36].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: subsection
B: data
C: kingdom
D: suborder
E: species
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, anti-kinectin antibodies were not detected in other studies of HCC patients associated with our laboratory [39,40].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: species
D: kingdom
E: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The initial report by Hirano et al. identified kinectin by screening an aplastic anemia patient for candidate antigens using a Clontech human fetal liver cDNA expression library and it was concluded that seven out of 18 aplastic anemia patients were positive for anti-kinectin while none of the normal or disease controls had this antibody', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cancer
B: humans (aka homo)
C: species
D: circe
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The initial report by Hirano et al. identified kinectin by screening an aplastic anemia patient for candidate antigens using a Clontech human fetal liver cDNA expression library and it was concluded that seven out of 18 aplastic anemia patients were positive for anti-kinectin while none of the normal or disease controls had this antibody', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
D: animals (aka metazoa)
E: primate (aka primates)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The initial report by Hirano et al. identified kinectin by screening an aplastic anemia patient for candidate antigens using a Clontech human fetal liver cDNA expression library and it was concluded that seven out of 18 aplastic anemia patients were positive for anti-kinectin while none of the normal or disease controls had this antibody', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: goes
C: species
D: cancer
E: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In their recent report, Hirano et al. reported that anti-kinectin antibodies were found in 39% of aplastic anemia patients from the United States but only in three out of 30 (10%) cases in Japan [38].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo (humans) (aka homo)
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: theraps
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: this
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In our study reported here, kinectin antibodies were only detected in BD patients and not in normal controls and SLE and SjS disease controls.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kingdom
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: suborder
D: subsection
E: species
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'None of the BD patients with anti-kinectin had signs of HCC or aplastic anemia at the time of diagnosis and at up to 4 years of follow-up.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: circe
D: homo (humans) (aka homo)
E: suborder
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Giantin, the highest molecular weight Golgi autoantigen reported, is the predominant target of human anti-Golgi complex antibodies and multiple non-cross-reactive epitopes have been mapped spanning the 350 kDa protein', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: kingdom
C: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
D: primate (aka primates)
E: probles
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Here we report the detection of kinectin autoantibody in 23% of Chinese patients with BD.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: subsection
B: this
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: cancer
E: circe
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In an effort to clarify the association of BD with antibody to kinectin, it is essential to measure antibody to kinectin in larger patient populations including both BD, probable BD and important autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as SLE, SjS, rheumatoid arthritis etc., as well as those diseases not easily differentiated from BD, such as recurrent aphthous oral ulcer, Reiter's syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases etc.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: theraps
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: probles
E: cancer
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In an effort to clarify the association of BD with antibody to kinectin, it is essential to measure antibody to kinectin in larger patient populations including both BD, probable BD and important autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as SLE, SjS, rheumatoid arthritis etc., as well as those diseases not easily differentiated from BD, such as recurrent aphthous oral ulcer, Reiter's syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases etc.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: species
B: other (aka unidentified)
C: goes
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: aides
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A novel DNA-binding protein modulating methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract
Background
Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is conferred by the mecA-encoded penicillin-binding protein PBP2a.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'staphylococcus aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus group (aka staphylococcaceae)
B: staphylococcus sp.
C: aurococcus (aka staphylococcus)
D: staphylococcus aureus str. pa (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
E: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A novel DNA-binding protein modulating methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract
Background
Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is conferred by the mecA-encoded penicillin-binding protein PBP2a.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'staphylococcus aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus sp.
B: staphylococcus faecalis ('staphylococcus faecalis') (aka staphylococcus faecalis)
C: staphylococcus aureus pa (staphylococcus aureus strain pa) (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
D: staphylococcus pyogenes aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
E: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col (staphylococcus aureus col) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nonpolar deletion of SA1665, in heterogeneously methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) of different genetic backgrounds, increased methicillin resistance levels in a strain dependent manner.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: micrococcus epidermidis (aka staphylococcus epidermidis)
B: staphylococcus group (aka staphylococcaceae)
C: staphylococcus aureus strain pa (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
D: staphylococcus sp. s
E: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nonpolar deletion of SA1665, in heterogeneously methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) of different genetic backgrounds, increased methicillin resistance levels in a strain dependent manner.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus m2
B: staphylococcus aureus col (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
C: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain usa300 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus usa300)
D: staphylococcus aureus pa (staphylococcus aureus strain pa) (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
E: staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius) (aka staphylococcus aureus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
SA1665 is a new chromosomal factor which influences methicillin resistance in MRSA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus (staphylococcus simulans staphylolyticus) (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
B: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa131) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131)
C: staphylococcus aureus m2
D: staphylococcus aureus m1
E: staphylococcus pyogenes aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are an ever increasing threat, both in clinical settings and more recently as an emerging community acquired pathogen.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus pyogenes aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
B: staphylococcus faecalis ('staphylococcus faecalis') (aka staphylococcus faecalis)
C: staphylococcus epidermidis (staphylococcus epidermidis albus) (aka staphylococcus epidermidis)
D: staphylococcus (aurococcus) (aka staphylococcus)
E: staphylococcus aureus pa (staphylococcus aureus strain pa) (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are an ever increasing threat, both in clinical settings and more recently as an emerging community acquired pathogen.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
B: staphylococcus aureus m1
C: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus usa300 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain usa300) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus usa300)
D: staphylococcus aureus m2
E: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa131) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In S. aureus, methicillin resistance is conferred by an acquired, β-lactam-insensitive penicillin-binding protein (PBP), PBP2a', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus epidermidis (staphylococcus epidermidis albus) (aka staphylococcus epidermidis)
B: staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius) (aka staphylococcus aureus)
C: staphylococcus aureus strain pa (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
D: staphylococcus simulans staphylolyticus (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
E: staphylococcus aureus col (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Heterogeneously resistant MRSA, when exposed to β-lactam antibiotics, segregate highly resistant subpopulations, which are much more resistant than the majority of the cells [10].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
B: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa_pr1 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
C: staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus (staphylococcus simulans staphylolyticus) (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
D: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa131) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131)
E: staphylococcus aureus pa (staphylococcus aureus strain pa) (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The vast MIC differences between MRSA strains, the population heterogeneity within single strains and the dependence of resistance levels on external factors are reflected in these many structural genes and global regulators, which can influence resistance levels.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
B: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa_pr1 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
C: staphylococcus aureus m1
D: staphylococcus staphylolyticus (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
E: staphylococcus aureus pa (staphylococcus aureus strain pa) (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The vast MIC differences between MRSA strains, the population heterogeneity within single strains and the dependence of resistance levels on external factors are reflected in these many structural genes and global regulators, which can influence resistance levels.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa131) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131)
B: staphylococcus staphylolyticus (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
C: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain usa300 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus usa300)
D: staphylococcus aureus str. pa (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
E: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa_pr1 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'While typically considered nosocomial pathogens, new faster growing and apparently more virulent MRSA have begun spreading in the community.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. mrsa_pr1 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
B: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa131) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131)
C: staphylococcus aureus col (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
D: staphylococcus pyogenes aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
E: staphylococcus aureus m2
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Interestingly, these emerging strains often express very low methicillin resistance, e.g. the MRSA clone spreading amongst intravenous drug users in the Zurich area, which has an in vitro doubling time of 25 min, but oxacillin MICs of only 0.5 to 4 μg/ml', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus m2
B: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
C: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col (staphylococcus aureus col) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
D: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa131) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131)
E: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. mrsa_pr1 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To identify potential factors involved in mecA regulation or methicillin resistance levels in such an extremely low level resistant MRSA, we performed DNA-binding protein purification assays, using the mecA operator region as bait.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus m1
B: staphylococcus aureus col (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
C: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa_pr1 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
D: staphylococcus aureus m2
E: micrococcus aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Identification of SA1665
MRSA strain CHE482 is the type strain for the so-called "drug clone" spreading amongst intravenous drug users in the Zurich area', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius) (aka staphylococcus aureus)
B: staphylococcus aureus m2
C: staphylococcus aureus m1
D: staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus (staphylococcus simulans staphylolyticus) (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
E: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa_pr1) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, like most other low-level resistant MRSA, it can segregate a small proportion of higher resistant subclones in the presence of β-lactams.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus m1
B: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa131) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131)
C: staphylococcus aureus pa (staphylococcus aureus strain pa) (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
D: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus usa300 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain usa300) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus usa300)
E: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We hypothesized that regulation of methicillin resistance in such low-level resistant clonal lineages may differ qualitatively from classical heterogeneously- or highly-resistant MRSA.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col (staphylococcus aureus col) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
B: staphylococcus aureus m1
C: staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius) (aka staphylococcus aureus)
D: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. mrsa_pr1 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
E: staphylococcus staphylolyticus (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The amino acid sequence of SA1665 showed 100% identity amongst S. aureus database sequences and 97–98% identity amongst other staphylococci, including S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus, indicating that SA1665 is highly conserved.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus sp. s
B: micrococcus aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
C: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col (staphylococcus aureus col) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
D: micrococcus epidermidis (aka staphylococcus epidermidis)
E: staphylococcus simulans staphylolyticus (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The amino acid sequence of SA1665 showed 100% identity amongst S. aureus database sequences and 97–98% identity amongst other staphylococci, including S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus, indicating that SA1665 is highly conserved.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. haemolyticus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus
B: staphylococcus haemolyticus
C: haemophilus haemolyticus (bacillus x) (aka haemophilus haemolyticus)
D: streptococcus hemolyticus (aka streptococcus pyogenes)
E: streptococcus gallolyticus osawa et al. 1996 (aka streptococcus gallolyticus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The amino acid sequence of SA1665 showed 100% identity amongst S. aureus database sequences and 97–98% identity amongst other staphylococci, including S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus, indicating that SA1665 is highly conserved.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. epidermidis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: macrococcoides epidermidis (aka macrococcus epidermidis)
B: staphylococcus sp. u
C: micrococcus epidermidis (aka staphylococcus epidermidis)
D: brevibacterium epidermidis
E: brachybacterium epidermidis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The amino acid sequence of SA1665 showed 100% identity amongst S. aureus database sequences and 97–98% identity amongst other staphylococci, including S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus, indicating that SA1665 is highly conserved.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. saprophyticus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus humanilactis
B: staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis (aka staphylococcus saprophyticus)
C: staphylococcus saccharolyticus (peptococcus saccharolyticus) (aka staphylococcus saccharolyticus)
D: staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis
E: enterococcus saccharolyticus (streptococcus saccharolyticus) (aka enterococcus saccharolyticus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The amino acid sequence of SA1665 showed 100% identity amongst S. aureus database sequences and 97–98% identity amongst other staphylococci, including S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus, indicating that SA1665 is highly conserved.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. saprophyticus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: roussoella saprophytica
B: staphylococcus saccharolyticus (peptococcus saccharolyticus) (aka staphylococcus saccharolyticus)
C: streptococcus hominis
D: staphylococcus hominis
E: streptobacterium casei (aka lacticaseibacillus casei)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conversely, there were no orfs highly similar to SA1665 found in other bacterial species, with the most similar sequences found in Bacillus licheniformis DSM13 and Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51, which shared only 64% and 59% similarity, respectively.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus licheniformis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus natto (aka bacillus subtilis)
B: bacillus licheniformis dsm 13 (aka bacillus licheniformis dsm 13 = atcc 14580)
C: bacillus subtilis subsp. niger (bacillus subtilis var. niger) (aka bacillus subtilis subsp. niger)
D: denitrobacillus licheniformis (aka bacillus licheniformis)
E: bacillus sp. ly
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conversely, there were no orfs highly similar to SA1665 found in other bacterial species, with the most similar sequences found in Bacillus licheniformis DSM13 and Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51, which shared only 64% and 59% similarity, respectively.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'desulfitobacterium hafniense y51'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacterium ycy51
B: desulfitobacterium hafniense dcb-2 (desulfitobacterium hafniense dsm 10664) (aka desulfitobacterium hafniense dcb-2)
C: desulfitobacterium hafniense strain y51 (aka desulfitobacterium hafniense y51)
D: desulfococcus sp. dsm 8541
E: desulfitobacterium sp. rpf35ei
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Crude protein extracts of E. coli strain BL21, carrying the empty plasmid (pET28nHis6) or pME20 (pET28nHis6-SA1665) which expressed nHis6-SA1665 upon induction with IPTG, were incubated with the 161-bp biotinylated-DNA fragment previously used as bait in the DNA-binding protein assay.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli strain bl21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli mg1657 (escherichia coli strain mg1657) (aka escherichia coli mg1657)
B: escherichia coli bl21 (escherichia coli strain bl21) (aka escherichia coli bl21)
C: escherichia coli 'bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag' (escherichia coli strain bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag) (aka escherichia coli 'bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag')
D: escherichia coli mg1655 (aka escherichia coli str. k-12 substr. mg1655)
E: pseudomonas aeruginosa bl21
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Effect of SA1665 deletion on β-lactam resistance
To analyse the effect of SA1665 inactivation on methicillin resistance, nonpolar markerless deletions of SA1665 (Figure 1B) were constructed in a selection of clinical MRSA isolates, which varied in their genetic background, SCCmec type, and mecA regulation [24].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius) (aka staphylococcus aureus)
B: staphylococcus aureus m1
C: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col (staphylococcus aureus col) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
D: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus usa300 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain usa300) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus usa300)
E: staphylococcus aureus m2
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Discussion
Methicillin resistance in MRSA is primarily dependent on the presence of the mecA gene, however, resistance levels are generally governed by strain-specific factors including mecA regulatory elements and other chromosomal fem/aux factors which either enhance or repress the expression of resistance.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus col (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
B: staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius) (aka staphylococcus aureus)
C: staphylococcus aureus m1
D: staphylococcus aureus m2
E: staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus (staphylococcus simulans staphylolyticus) (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The impact of deleting SA1665 in MRSA was extremely strain specific, underlining the importance of the genetic background in governing the final methicillin resistance levels of MRSA, and demonstrating the large genomic variability between different strain lineages.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa131) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131)
B: staphylococcus pyogenes aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
C: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. mrsa_pr1 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
D: staphylococcus aureus m1
E: staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus (staphylococcus simulans staphylolyticus) (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The impact of deleting SA1665 in MRSA was extremely strain specific, underlining the importance of the genetic background in governing the final methicillin resistance levels of MRSA, and demonstrating the large genomic variability between different strain lineages.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus m1
B: staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus (staphylococcus simulans staphylolyticus) (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
C: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa_pr1) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
D: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa131) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131)
E: micrococcus aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
SA1665 is a previously uncharacterised DNA-binding protein that has a negative effect on β-lactam resistance in MRSA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa131) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa131)
B: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col (staphylococcus aureus col) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
C: staphylococcus staphylolyticus (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
D: staphylococcus aureus m1
E: staphylococcus pyogenes aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, while nonpolar deletion of SA1665 was shown to increase oxacillin resistance levels in several heterogeneously resistant MRSA, its deletion had no effect on mecA transcription or PBP2a production.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus m2
B: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus usa300 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain usa300) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus usa300)
C: micrococcus aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
D: staphylococcus simulans staphylolyticus (aka staphylococcus simulans bv. staphylolyticus)
E: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa_pr1 (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The resulting plasmid, pME20, was transformed into E. coli BL21 for expression of recombinant nHis6-SA1665 protein.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli bl21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli strain bl21 (aka escherichia coli bl21)
B: escherichia coli ht115 (escherichia coli strain ht115) (aka escherichia coli ht115)
C: escherichia coli strain bl21(de3) (aka escherichia coli bl21(de3))
D: escherichia coli ec1868
E: escherichia virus de3
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The resulting plasmid, pME20, was transformed into E. coli BL21 for expression of recombinant nHis6-SA1665 protein.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli bl21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli strain ht115 (aka escherichia coli ht115)
B: escherichia coli s17
C: escherichia coli mg1657 (escherichia coli strain mg1657) (aka escherichia coli mg1657)
D: escherichia coli str. bl21(de3) (aka escherichia coli bl21(de3))
E: escherichia coli bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag (aka escherichia coli 'bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag')
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To maximise the abundance of soluble protein produced, cultures were grown in osmotic shock medium at 37°C (1 g/l NaCl, 16 g/l tryptone, 10 g/l yeast, 1 M sorbitol, 10 mM betaine, modified from [33]) to an OD600 nm of 0.5, cooled briefly on ice, then induced by adding 100 μM IPTG and growing overnight at 22°C.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
E: saccharomyces sp.
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[36].
Cloning of SA1665 for complementation
A 1533-bp DNA fragment, containing SA1665 together with 690-bp of upstream and 379-bp of downstream DNA, was amplified from strain CHE482 using primers me94BamHI/me94Asp718 (Table 2) and cloned into the E. coli/S. aureus shuttle vectors pAW17 and pBUS1 [37], creating the complementing plasmids pME26 and pME27, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
B: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
C: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
E: escherichia sp.
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[36].
Cloning of SA1665 for complementation
A 1533-bp DNA fragment, containing SA1665 together with 690-bp of upstream and 379-bp of downstream DNA, was amplified from strain CHE482 using primers me94BamHI/me94Asp718 (Table 2) and cloned into the E. coli/S. aureus shuttle vectors pAW17 and pBUS1 [37], creating the complementing plasmids pME26 and pME27, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus strain pa (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
B: staphylococcus aureus col (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
C: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
D: staphylococcus sp. s
E: staphylococcus epidermidis (staphylococcus epidermidis albus) (aka staphylococcus epidermidis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'PBP2a detection was performed using monoclonal PBP2a antibody (1:20000) from the MRSA-screen kit (Denka Seiken).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mrsa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1 (staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain mrsa_pr1) (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mrsa_pr1)
B: staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius) (aka staphylococcus aureus)
C: staphylococcus aureus m1
D: staphylococcus aureus pa (staphylococcus aureus strain pa) (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
E: staphylococcus aureus m2
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Caenorhabditis elegans genome contains monomorphic minisatellites and simple sequences.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'caenorhabditis elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis sp.
B: drosophila elegans
C: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
D: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
E: polyzonia elegans
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we demonstrate the presence of sequences in the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans which are homologous to two sets of short sequence DNA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'caenorhabditis elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
B: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
C: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
D: caenorhabditis sp.
E: cyclostrongylus elegans
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Images
Volume 17 Number 23 1989 Nucleic Acids Research
The Caenorhabds elegans genome contains monomorphic minisatellites and simple sequences Andrd G.Uitterlinden, P.Eline Slagboom, Thomas E.Johnsonl and Jan Vijg
Department of Molecular Biology, TNO Institute for Experimental Gerontology, PO Box 5815, 2280 HV Rijswijk, The Netherlands and lInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Received October 27, 1989; Accepted November 3, 1989
ABSTRACT
Many species have been shown to contain tandemly repeated short sequence DNA kinown as minisatellites and simple sequence motifs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'caenorhabds elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
B: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
C: drosophila elegans
D: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
E: zodarion elegans (enyo elegans) (aka zodarion elegans)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we demonstrate the presence of sequences in the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans which are homologous to two sets of short sequence DNA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'caenorhabditis elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bactris elegans
B: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
C: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
D: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
E: caenorhabditis sp.
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we demonstrate that the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains sequences that are homologous to the minisatellite core sequence 33.6 (1) and to the simple sequence motif (AGC)n.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'caenorhabditis elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila elegans
B: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
C: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
D: caenorhabditis sp.
E: gongylostoma elegans elegans (clausilia elegans elegans) (aka gongylostoma elegans elegans)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Surprisingly, these sequences did not display polymorphism when two independent C. elegans strains, Bristol and Bergerac, were compared.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
B: drosophila elegans
C: caromyxa elegans (aka mutinus elegans)
D: cyclostrongylus elegans
E: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Surprisingly, these sequences did not display polymorphism when two independent C. elegans strains, Bristol and Bergerac, were compared.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
B: bactris elegans
C: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
D: theocolax elegans
E: drosophila elegans
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nucleic Acids Research
C. elegans
N 0$ 8
_ _
: , s , ..e :*. ,~ :::::
.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
B: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: gongylostoma elegans elegans (clausilia elegans elegans) (aka gongylostoma elegans elegans)
D: caromyxa elegans (aka mutinus elegans)
E: drosophila elegans
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'I and Eco RI digested genomic DNA isolated from the two C. elegans strains Bristol (N) and Bergerac (B).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis sp.
B: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
D: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
E: caenorhabditis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In Figure 1 the hybridization patterns are shown of C. elegans genomic DNA digested with Hae II, Rsa I and Eco RI, and subsequently hybridized to minisatellite core probe 33.6, the simple sequence probe (AGC)n and Tcl.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
B: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
D: drosophila elegans
E: uronema elegans
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, identical hybridization patterns for the two strains with the three enzymes tested indicated that in C. elegans these sequences are monomorphic (Fig. 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bactris elegans
B: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
C: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
D: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: caenorhabditis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Based on the number of hybridizing bands we estimate the C. elegans genome to contain about 30 33.6 homologous loci and about 20 (AGC)n homologous loci.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
B: theocolax elegans
C: uronema elegans
D: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It should be noted, however, that at least in humans, a substantial part of the minisatellites detected by core probes also displays high levels of monomorphism as analysed by cloning (1) or by two-dimensional DNA fingerprinting (5).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'humans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: species
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: kingdom
D: genus
E: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
F: None of the above. | B |
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