instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
|---|---|---|
<Instruct>: Given the context 'An in-depth analysis of original antigenic sin in dengue virus infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: denwin virus
B: denalis virus
C: dengue virus type 4 (dengue type 4 virus den4) (aka dengue virus type 4)
D: dengue virus 1 (aka dengue virus type 1)
E: dengue viruses (aka dengue virus group)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The evolution of dengue viruses has resulted in four antigenically similar yet distinct serotypes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue viruses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dengue virus
B: denalis virus
C: denwin virus
D: dengue virus 1 (aka dengue virus type 1)
E: dengue virus 3 (aka dengue virus type 3)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Dengue infection, although frequently mild, can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) which can be life threatening.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dengue virus type 2 (dengue virus serotype 2) (aka dengue virus type 2)
B: dengue virus
C: dengue viruses (aka dengue virus group)
D: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
E: dengue virus serotype 3 (aka dengue virus type 3)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Dengue infection, although frequently mild, can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) which can be life threatening.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
B: dengue virus
C: dengue virus serotype 2 (aka dengue virus type 2)
D: dengue virus type i (aka dengue virus type 1)
E: dengue virus serotype 3 (aka dengue virus type 3)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'DHF is more common in secondary dengue infections, implying a role for the adaptive immune response in the disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dengue virus 2 (aka dengue virus type 2)
B: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
C: dengue virus 4 (aka dengue virus type 4)
D: dengue virus
E: dengue virus type i (aka dengue virus type 1)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Domain 3 of the dengue virus envelope protein (ED3) has been suggested as one such candidate because it contains neutralizing epitopes and it was originally thought that relatively few cross-reactive antibodies are directed to this domain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: denwin virus
B: dengue virus
C: dengue virus 4 (aka dengue virus type 4)
D: type 1 dengue virus den-1 (aka dengue virus type 1)
E: dengue viruses (aka dengue virus group)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we performed a detailed analysis of the anti-ED3 response in a cohort of patients suffering either primary or secondary dengue infections.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dengue-2 virus (aka dengue virus type 2)
B: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
C: dengue virus type 4 (dengue type 4 virus den4) (aka dengue virus type 4)
D: dengue virus
E: type 1 dengue virus den-1 (aka dengue virus type 1)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This has important implications for dengue vaccine design because heterologous boosting is likely to maintain the immunological footprint of the first vaccination.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dengue 3 virus (aka dengue virus type 3)
B: dengue virus serotype 2 (aka dengue virus type 2)
C: dengue virus
D: dengue virus type 4 (dengue type 4 virus den4) (aka dengue virus type 4)
E: dengue viruses (aka dengue virus group)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'On the basis of these findings, we propose a simple in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to diagnose the original dengue infection in secondary dengue cases.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dengue virus serotype 3 (aka dengue virus type 3)
B: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
C: type 1 dengue virus den-1 (aka dengue virus type 1)
D: dengue virus
E: dengue virus type 4 (dengue type 4 virus den4) (aka dengue virus type 4)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'On the basis of these findings, we propose a simple in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to diagnose the original dengue infection in secondary dengue cases.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dengue viruses (aka dengue virus group)
B: dengue virus
C: dengue virus type 4 (dengue type 4 virus den4) (aka dengue virus type 4)
D: dengue virus type 1 (type 1 dengue virus den-1) (aka dengue virus type 1)
E: dengue virus type 3 (dengue virus serotype 3) (aka dengue virus type 3)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification and structural characterization of the ALIX-binding late domains of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 and SIVagmTan-1.
Retroviral Gag proteins contain short late-domain motifs that recruit cellular ESCRT pathway proteins to facilitate virus budding.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'simian immunodeficiency virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: simian immunodeficiency virus (chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus (siv(cpz))) (aka simian immunodeficiency virus)
B: simian-chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus
C: simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - agm)
D: simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - mac)
E: simian-human immunodeficiency virus 1
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification and structural characterization of the ALIX-binding late domains of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 and SIVagmTan-1.
Retroviral Gag proteins contain short late-domain motifs that recruit cellular ESCRT pathway proteins to facilitate virus budding.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'simian immunodeficiency virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: simian-chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus
B: siv/hiv (aka simian-human immunodeficiency virus)
C: simian immunodeficiency virus sivmon (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - mon)
D: simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - agm)
E: simian immunodeficiency virus sivsm (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - sm)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification and structural characterization of the ALIX-binding late domains of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 and SIVagmTan-1.
Retroviral Gag proteins contain short late-domain motifs that recruit cellular ESCRT pathway proteins to facilitate virus budding.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sivagmtan-1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sanya mitovirus 1
B: ram-1 (aka orthoreovirus)
C: simian immunodeficiency virus (agm155 isolate) (siv-agm) (aka simian immunodeficiency virus (agm155 isolate))
D: siv-derived immunization vector
E: recombinant virus sivmac239?3+vmip-ii
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification and structural characterization of the ALIX-binding late domains of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 and SIVagmTan-1.
Retroviral Gag proteins contain short late-domain motifs that recruit cellular ESCRT pathway proteins to facilitate virus budding.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'retroviral'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: avian retrovirus
B: human type d retrovirus (human retrovirus type d) (aka human type d retrovirus)
C: mammalian type c retrovirus group (aka gammaretrovirus)
D: human endogenous retroviruses
E: retrovirus (aka unidentified retrovirus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, some simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag proteins lack this consensus sequence, yet still bind ALIX.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'simian immunodeficiency virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - mac)
B: simian immunodeficiency virus - sm (simian immunodeficiency virus sivsm) (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - sm)
C: simian immunodeficiency virus (chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus (siv(cpz))) (aka simian immunodeficiency virus)
D: simian immunodeficiency virus sivmon (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - mon)
E: simian-human immunodeficiency virus 1
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, some simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag proteins lack this consensus sequence, yet still bind ALIX.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'siv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus (aka simian immunodeficiency virus)
B: siv-wrc (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - wrc)
C: swinepox virus
D: siv-derived immunization vector
E: simian immunodeficiency virus (tyo-1 isolate) (siv-agm) (aka simian immunodeficiency virus (tyo-1 isolate))
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '((40)SREKPYKEVTEDLLHLNSLF(59)) and SIV(agmTan-1) ((24)AAGAYDPARKLLEQYAKK(41)).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'siv(agmtan-1)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: siv-agm (aka simian immunodeficiency virus (agm266 isolate))
B: simian immunodeficiency virus - agm.tan (simian immunodeficiency virus (agm tantalus)) (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - agm.tan)
C: siv-agm (aka simian immunodeficiency virus (agm3 isolate))
D: simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac-251 (aka simian immunodeficiency virus - agm)
E: siv-mac (aka simian immunodeficiency virus (mm251 isolate))
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Replicative and transcriptional activities of hepatitis B virus in patients coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) interplay was investigated by examining liver and serum samples from 21 coinfected and 22 HBV-monoinfected patients with chronic liver disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis b virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
B: hepatitis b virus, hbv (aka hepatitis b virus)
C: gb virus-b (hepatitis gb virus b) (aka gb virus-b)
D: duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus))
E: hepatitis b virus (subtype ayw) (aka hepatitis b virus subtype ayw)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Replicative and transcriptional activities of hepatitis B virus in patients coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) interplay was investigated by examining liver and serum samples from 21 coinfected and 22 HBV-monoinfected patients with chronic liver disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis b'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis b virus (aka hepatitis b virus)
B: hepatitis b virus (subtype ayw) (aka hepatitis b virus subtype ayw)
C: hepatitis gb virus b (aka gb virus-b)
D: hepatitis b virus 2
E: hepatitis a virus (aka hepatovirus a)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Replicative and transcriptional activities of hepatitis B virus in patients coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) interplay was investigated by examining liver and serum samples from 21 coinfected and 22 HBV-monoinfected patients with chronic liver disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis delta viruses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis d virus 1
B: hepatitis delta virus (isolate us-2) (hepatitis d virus (isolate us-2)) (aka hepatitis delta virus (isolate us-2))
C: hepatovirus d
D: duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus))
E: hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus) (aka hepatitis delta virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Replicative and transcriptional activities of hepatitis B virus in patients coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) interplay was investigated by examining liver and serum samples from 21 coinfected and 22 HBV-monoinfected patients with chronic liver disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis b virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hbhbv (aka horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus)
B: hepatitis b virus, hbv (aka hepatitis b virus)
C: hepatitis a virus (aka hepatovirus a)
D: hepatitis b-type viruses (aka hepadnaviridae)
E: heron hepatitis b virus (hhbv (aka heron hepatitis b virus))
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Replicative and transcriptional activities of hepatitis B virus in patients coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) interplay was investigated by examining liver and serum samples from 21 coinfected and 22 HBV-monoinfected patients with chronic liver disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis b virus hbv (aka hepatitis b virus)
B: dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus) (aka duck hepatitis b virus)
C: hepatitis b virus (subtype ayw) (aka hepatitis b virus subtype ayw)
D: hepatitis b virus genotype b (hbv genotype b) (aka hepatitis b virus genotype b)
E: non-human hbv
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Replicative and transcriptional activities of hepatitis B virus in patients coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) interplay was investigated by examining liver and serum samples from 21 coinfected and 22 HBV-monoinfected patients with chronic liver disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus) (aka duck hepatitis b virus)
B: gb virus-b (hepatitis gb virus b) (aka gb virus-b)
C: hbv-i (aka hepatitis b virus genotype i)
D: hbhbv (aka horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus)
E: hepatitis b-type viruses (aka hepadnaviridae)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Replicative and transcriptional activities of hepatitis B virus in patients coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) interplay was investigated by examining liver and serum samples from 21 coinfected and 22 HBV-monoinfected patients with chronic liver disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis delta virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus))
B: hepatitis delta virus (isolate italian) (hepatitis d virus (isolate italian)) (aka hepatitis delta virus (isolate italian))
C: hepatitis d virus 2
D: hepatitis delta virus (isolate us-2) (hepatitis d virus (isolate us-2)) (aka hepatitis delta virus (isolate us-2))
E: hepatitis delta virus (hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus))
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Replicative and transcriptional activities of hepatitis B virus in patients coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) interplay was investigated by examining liver and serum samples from 21 coinfected and 22 HBV-monoinfected patients with chronic liver disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human enterovirus d (aka enterovirus d)
B: hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus) (aka hepatitis delta virus)
C: hdv-1 (aka deltavirus italiense)
D: domestic dog hepadnavirus
E: rhdv (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus) (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Replicative and transcriptional activities of hepatitis B virus in patients coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) interplay was investigated by examining liver and serum samples from 21 coinfected and 22 HBV-monoinfected patients with chronic liver disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hbhbv (aka horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus)
B: hepatitis b virus (subtype ayw) (aka hepatitis b virus subtype ayw)
C: duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus))
D: hbv (aka hepatitis b virus) (aka hepatitis b virus)
E: gb virus-b (hepatitis gb virus b) (aka gb virus-b)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Different real-time PCR assays were applied to evaluate intrahepatic amounts of HBV DNA, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), pre-S/S RNAs, and HDV RNA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus (hbhbv) (aka horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus)
B: hbv-i (aka hepatitis b virus genotype i)
C: hepatitis b virus (human hepatitis b virus hbv) (aka hepatitis b virus)
D: hepatitis b virus genotype b (hbv genotype b) (aka hepatitis b virus genotype b)
E: hepatitis gb virus b (aka gb virus-b)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Different real-time PCR assays were applied to evaluate intrahepatic amounts of HBV DNA, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), pre-S/S RNAs, and HDV RNA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hdv-3 (aka deltavirus peruense)
B: hepatitis d virus (aka hepatitis delta virus)
C: rhdv-sd (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus-sd)
D: avian hdv-like agent
E: durham virus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Besides HBV DNA and HDV RNA levels, HBsAg concentrations in the sera were also determined.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis b virus, hbv (aka hepatitis b virus)
B: hepatitis b virus (subtype ayw) (aka hepatitis b virus subtype ayw)
C: hepatitis b-type viruses (aka hepadnaviridae)
D: hepatitis gb virus b (aka gb virus-b)
E: hbv-i (aka hepatitis b virus genotype i)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Besides HBV DNA and HDV RNA levels, HBsAg concentrations in the sera were also determined.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus) (aka hepatitis delta virus)
B: rhdv-sd (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus-sd)
C: avian hdv-like agent
D: hdv-3 (aka deltavirus peruense)
E: deltavirus italiense (hdv-1) (aka deltavirus italiense)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HDV-coinfected cases showed significantly lower median levels of serum HBV DNA (-5 log), intrahepatic relaxed-circular DNA (-2 log), and cccDNA (-2 log) than those of HBV-monoinfected cases.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: avian hdv-like agent
B: hordeivirus
C: brdv (aka broadhaven virus) (aka broadhaven virus)
D: hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus) (aka hepatitis delta virus)
E: rhdv (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus) (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HDV-coinfected cases showed significantly lower median levels of serum HBV DNA (-5 log), intrahepatic relaxed-circular DNA (-2 log), and cccDNA (-2 log) than those of HBV-monoinfected cases.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: non-human hbv
B: hepatitis b virus, hbv (aka hepatitis b virus)
C: duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus))
D: hbv genotype b (aka hepatitis b virus genotype b)
E: hepatitis gb virus b (aka gb virus-b)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HDV-coinfected cases showed significantly lower median levels of serum HBV DNA (-5 log), intrahepatic relaxed-circular DNA (-2 log), and cccDNA (-2 log) than those of HBV-monoinfected cases.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis b virus (aka hepatitis b virus)
B: hepatitis b virus (subtype ayw) (aka hepatitis b virus subtype ayw)
C: non-human hbv
D: horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus (hbhbv) (aka horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus)
E: hepatitis b virus genotype b (hbv genotype b) (aka hepatitis b virus genotype b)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HDV-coinfected cases showed significantly lower median levels of serum HBV DNA (-5 log), intrahepatic relaxed-circular DNA (-2 log), and cccDNA (-2 log) than those of HBV-monoinfected cases.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis b-type viruses (aka hepadnaviridae)
B: dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus) (aka duck hepatitis b virus)
C: hbv genotype b (aka hepatitis b virus genotype b)
D: hbv-i (aka hepatitis b virus genotype i)
E: bat hepatitis b virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RNA amounts were significantly lower (both -1 log) in HDV-positive patients, whereas serum HBsAg concentrations were comparable between the two patient groups.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis d virus (aka hepatitis delta virus)
B: avian hdv-like agent
C: hdv-2 (aka deltavirus japanense)
D: durham virus
E: human enterovirus d (aka enterovirus d)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Pre-S/S RNA and HBsAg amounts per cccDNA molecule were higher in HDV-positive patients (3-fold and 1 log, respectively), showing that HBV replication was reduced, whereas synthesis of envelope proteins was not specifically decreased.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhdv (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus) (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus)
B: hepatitis delta virus hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus)
C: hdv-3 (aka deltavirus peruense)
D: deltavirus italiense (hdv-1) (aka deltavirus italiense)
E: dhv-1 (aka avihepatovirus a)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Pre-S/S RNA and HBsAg amounts per cccDNA molecule were higher in HDV-positive patients (3-fold and 1 log, respectively), showing that HBV replication was reduced, whereas synthesis of envelope proteins was not specifically decreased.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis b virus (subtype ayw) (aka hepatitis b virus subtype ayw)
B: hepatitis b-type viruses (aka hepadnaviridae)
C: hbv-i (aka hepatitis b virus genotype i)
D: hbv (aka hepatitis b virus) (aka hepatitis b virus)
E: bat hepatitis b virus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The ratios of cccDNA to intracellular total HBV DNA showed a larger proportion of cccDNA molecules in HDV-positive cases.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus))
B: hbv-i (aka hepatitis b virus genotype i)
C: hepatitis gb virus b (aka gb virus-b)
D: hepatitis b virus (human hepatitis b virus hbv) (aka hepatitis b virus)
E: horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus (hbhbv) (aka horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The ratios of cccDNA to intracellular total HBV DNA showed a larger proportion of cccDNA molecules in HDV-positive cases.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hdv-2 (aka deltavirus japanense)
B: domestic dog hepadnavirus
C: hepatitis delta virus hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus)
D: rhdv-sd (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus-sd)
E: hordeivirus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For these patients, both intrahepatic and serum HDV RNA amounts were associated with cccDNA but not with HBsAg or HBV DNA levels.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hdv-3 (aka deltavirus peruense)
B: domestic dog hepadnavirus
C: hdv-2 (aka deltavirus japanense)
D: hepatitis delta virus hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus)
E: brdv (aka broadhaven virus) (aka broadhaven virus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Finally, HBV genomes with large deletions in the basal core promoter/precore region were detected in 5/21 HDV-positive patients but in no HDV-negative patients and were associated with lower viremia levels.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dhv-1 (aka avihepatovirus a)
B: domestic dog hepadnavirus
C: hdv-4 (aka deltavirus taiwanense)
D: hepatitis delta virus hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus)
E: human type d retrovirus (human retrovirus type d) (aka human type d retrovirus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Finally, HBV genomes with large deletions in the basal core promoter/precore region were detected in 5/21 HDV-positive patients but in no HDV-negative patients and were associated with lower viremia levels.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis delta virus (hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus))
B: brdv (aka broadhaven virus) (aka broadhaven virus)
C: durham virus
D: dhv-1 (aka avihepatovirus a)
E: hdv-4 (aka deltavirus taiwanense)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These findings provide significant information about the interference exerted by HDV on HBV replication and transcription activities in the human liver.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: non-human hbv
B: hepatitis b virus (human hepatitis b virus hbv) (aka hepatitis b virus)
C: duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus))
D: hbv-i (aka hepatitis b virus genotype i)
E: hepatitis b virus (subtype ayw) (aka hepatitis b virus subtype ayw)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These findings provide significant information about the interference exerted by HDV on HBV replication and transcription activities in the human liver.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cardium humanum (aka glossus humanus)
B: gymnopleurus humanus
C: homo (humans) (aka homo)
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: sphaeria humana (aka sordaria humana)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These findings provide significant information about the interference exerted by HDV on HBV replication and transcription activities in the human liver.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sphaeria humana (aka sordaria humana)
B: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
C: carcharhinus humani
D: pediculus humanus humanus (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
E: glossus humanus (cardium humanum) (aka glossus humanus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hepatitis C virus NS2 protein serves as a scaffold for virus assembly by interacting with both structural and nonstructural proteins.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis c virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis b virus type c (aka hepatitis b virus genotype c)
B: human hepatitis virus c hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis)
C: human hepatitis b virus hbv (aka hepatitis b virus)
D: hepacivirus (hepatitis c-like viruses) (aka hepacivirus)
E: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Many aspects of the assembly of hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain incompletely understood.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis c virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis c virus hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis)
B: hepatitis c viruses (aka hepacivirus)
C: hepatitis b virus type c (aka hepatitis b virus genotype c)
D: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
E: hbv (aka hepatitis b virus) (aka hepatitis b virus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Many aspects of the assembly of hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain incompletely understood.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis c virus subtype 6v
B: hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis) (aka hepacivirus hominis)
C: hepacivirus (hepatitis c-like viruses) (aka hepacivirus)
D: hepatitis c virus hcv-kf (hepatitis c virus (isolate hcv-kf)) (aka hepatitis c virus hcv-kf)
E: hcv-h (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate h))
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To characterize the role of NS2 in the production of infectious virus, we determined NS2 interaction partners among other HCV proteins during productive infection.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatovirus c
B: hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus) (aka human hepatitis a virus)
C: human hepatitis c virus (aka hepacivirus hominis)
D: hepatitis c virus (isolate japanese)
E: hcv-hun (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate hunan))
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Draft genome sequence of the anoxygenic filamentous phototrophic bacterium Oscillochloris trichoides subsp. DG-6.
Oscillochloris trichoides is a mesophilic, filamentous, photoautotrophic, nonsulfur, diazotrophic bacterium which is capable of carbon dioxide fixation via the reductive pentose phosphate cycle and possesses no assimilative sulfate reduction.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'oscillochloris trichoides subsp. dg-6'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oscillantichloris chrysea (aka oscillochloris chrysea)
B: oscillaria caviae (aka oscillospira guilliermondii)
C: oscillatoria trichoides (aka oscillochloris trichoides)
D: candidatus oscillochloris fontis (ca. oscillochloris fontis) (aka candidatus oscillochloris fontis)
E: oscillochloris sp.
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Draft genome sequence of the anoxygenic filamentous phototrophic bacterium Oscillochloris trichoides subsp. DG-6.
Oscillochloris trichoides is a mesophilic, filamentous, photoautotrophic, nonsulfur, diazotrophic bacterium which is capable of carbon dioxide fixation via the reductive pentose phosphate cycle and possesses no assimilative sulfate reduction.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'oscillochloris trichoides'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oscillochloris trichoides (oscillatoria trichoides) (aka oscillochloris trichoides)
B: oscillibacter hominis
C: oscillaria caviae (aka oscillospira guilliermondii)
D: oscillantichloris chrysea (aka oscillochloris chrysea)
E: dictyochloropsis irregularis (aka symbiochloris irregularis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Oscillochloris trichoides subsp. DG-6, the type strain of the species, which has permitted the prediction of genes for carbon and nitrogen metabolism and for the light-harvesting apparatus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'oscillochloris trichoides subsp. dg-6'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oscillochloris chrysea (oscillatoria coerulescens) (aka oscillochloris chrysea)
B: oscillochloris trichoides (oscillatoria trichoides) (aka oscillochloris trichoides)
C: ca. oscillochloris fontis (aka candidatus oscillochloris fontis)
D: chlorella vulgaris var. viridis (aka chlorella vulgaris)
E: oscillochloris trichoides str. dg-6 (aka oscillochloris trichoides dg-6)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We tested empirically whether the egg distribution patterns arising from oviposition behaviours persisted and were reflected in the distribution patterns of larval Baetis rhodani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'baetis rhodani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: guignardia rhodorae (botryosphaeria rhodorae) (aka guignardia rhodorae)
B: bradyrhizobium rifense
C: baetis rhodani
D: baetis realonae
E: brachyiulus rhodopinus (aka megaphyllum rhodopinum)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overall, the results suggest that most neonate and mid-stage larvae of B. rhodani remain close to the natal riffle, and late-stage larvae disperse shorter distances than routinely assumed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. rhodani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhodopseudomonas globiformis (aka rhodopila globiformis)
B: rhodobium orientis
C: biatora rhodopsis (aka malmidea rhodopsis)
D: baetis rhodani
E: rhodoblastus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We tested these predictions with root voles (Microtus oeconomus) by a manipulation of individual condition through litter-size enlargement and reduction during lactation combined with a manipulation of habitat quality through degradation of the vegetation cover.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'root voles'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red spiny rat (aka maxomys surifer)
B: red tree vole (aka arborimus longicaudus)
C: root vole (aka alexandromys oeconomus)
D: southwestern water vole (aka arvicola sapidus)
E: smokey vole (aka neodon fuscus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We tested these predictions with root voles (Microtus oeconomus) by a manipulation of individual condition through litter-size enlargement and reduction during lactation combined with a manipulation of habitat quality through degradation of the vegetation cover.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'root voles'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: southwestern water vole (aka arvicola sapidus)
B: red spiny rat (aka maxomys surifer)
C: montane water vole (aka arvicola scherman)
D: red tree vole (aka arborimus longicaudus)
E: tachynomyia volatilis (aelurus volatilis) (aka tachynomyia volatilis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We tested these predictions with root voles (Microtus oeconomus) by a manipulation of individual condition through litter-size enlargement and reduction during lactation combined with a manipulation of habitat quality through degradation of the vegetation cover.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'microtus oeconomus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: montane vole (aka microtus montanus)
B: microtus canicaudus (gray-tailed vole) (aka microtus canicaudus)
C: alexandromys oeconomus (microtus oeconomus) (aka alexandromys oeconomus)
D: common vole (aka microtus arvalis)
E: microtus umbrosus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Symbiotic Chlorella vulgaris of the ciliate Paramecium bursaria plays an important role in maintaining perialgal vacuole membrane functions.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorella vulgaris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlorella
B: chlorella chlorelloides (brachionococcus chlorelloides) (aka chlorella chlorelloides)
C: chloris chloris (european greenfinch) (aka chloris chloris)
D: chlorella vulgaris (chlorella vulgaris var. viridis) (aka chlorella vulgaris)
E: chloris halophila
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Symbiotic Chlorella vulgaris of the ciliate Paramecium bursaria plays an important role in maintaining perialgal vacuole membrane functions.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paramecium bursaria'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paramecium bursaria
B: vannella bursella (platyamoeba bursella) (aka vannella bursella)
C: pseudeusemia bursadoides
D: tolyposporium bursum (aka macalpinomyces bursus)
E: bursera palmeri
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Treatment of symbiotic alga-bearing Paramecium bursaria cells with a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, induces synchronous swelling of all perialgal vacuoles at about 24h after treatment under a constant light condition.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paramecium bursaria'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paramecium bursaria
B: bursera penicillata
C: cecidomyia bursaria (aka rondaniola bursaria)
D: macalpinomyces bursus (tolyposporium bursum) (aka macalpinomyces bursus)
E: glyphoperidium bursa
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To elucidate the timing of algal degeneration, P. bursaria cells were treated with cycloheximide under a constant light condition.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. bursaria'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paramecium bursaria
B: aphis bursaria (aka pemphigus bursarius)
C: vannella bursella (platyamoeba bursella) (aka vannella bursella)
D: glyphoperidium bursa
E: bursera penicillata
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain F44-8(T) showed highest similarities to those of Flavobacterium frigoris LMG 21922(T)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'flavobacterium frigoris lmg 21922(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: flavobacterium frigoris
B: flavobacterium indicum
C: flavobacterium fluminis
D: flavobacterium gilvum
E: pedobacter frigoris
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '(93.3 %), Flavobacterium terrae R2A1-13(T) (93.3 %) and Flavobacterium gelidilacus LMG 21477(T) (93.1 %).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'flavobacterium terrae r2a1-13(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: flavobacterium terrigena
B: flavobacterium rhizophilum
C: flavobacterium terrisoli
D: flavobacterium aerium
E: flavobacterium terrae
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '(93.3 %), Flavobacterium terrae R2A1-13(T) (93.3 %) and Flavobacterium gelidilacus LMG 21477(T) (93.1 %).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'flavobacterium gelidilacus lmg 21477(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: flavobacterium gelidilacus
B: flavobacterium laiguense
C: flavobacterium gelidilacus dsm 15343 (flavobacterium gelidilacus lmg 21477) (aka flavobacterium gelidilacus dsm 15343)
D: flavobacterium terriphilum
E: flavobacterium agricola
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Generation of Se-fortified broccoli as functional food: impact of Se fertilization on S metabolism.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'broccoli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brassica oleracea var. italica (sprouting broccoli) (aka brassica oleracea var. italica)
B: brassica insularis (brassica atlantica) (aka brassica insularis)
C: brassica nigra (black mustard) (aka brassica nigra)
D: brassica hirta (aka sinapis alba)
E: wild cabbage (aka brassica oleracea)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Selenium (Se)-fortified broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) has been proposed as a functional food for cancer prevention, based on its high glucosinolate (GSL) content and capacity for Se accumulation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'broccoli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ethiopian mustard (aka brassica carinata)
B: brassica napus (rape (aka brassica napus))
C: brown mustard (aka brassica juncea)
D: brassica oleracea (wild cabbage) (aka brassica oleracea)
E: brassica erucastrum (aka raphanus raphanistrum)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Selenium (Se)-fortified broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) has been proposed as a functional food for cancer prevention, based on its high glucosinolate (GSL) content and capacity for Se accumulation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'broccoli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brassica carinata (abyssinian mustard) (aka brassica carinata)
B: chinese broccoli (aka brassica oleracea var. alboglabra)
C: black mustard (aka brassica nigra)
D: broccoli (aka brassica oleracea var. italica)
E: cabbage butterfly (aka pieris brassicae)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Selenium (Se)-fortified broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) has been proposed as a functional food for cancer prevention, based on its high glucosinolate (GSL) content and capacity for Se accumulation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'brassica oleracea var. italica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: broccoli (aka brassica oleracea var. italica)
B: wild cabbage (aka brassica oleracea)
C: brassica erucastrum (aka raphanus raphanistrum)
D: brassica rapa (field mustard) (aka brassica rapa)
E: brassica cretica
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To evaluate these potentially adverse effects of Se fertilization, we performed a comprehensive study on sand-grown young broccoli plants (weekly selenate applications of 0.8 mumol plant(-1) via the root) and field-grown adult broccoli plants during head formation (single foliar selenate application: 25.3 or 253 mumol plant(-1) ).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'broccoli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brassica atlantica (aka brassica insularis)
B: brassica oleracea (wild cabbage) (aka brassica oleracea)
C: ethiopian mustard (aka brassica carinata)
D: brassica napus (rape (aka brassica napus))
E: brassica rapa (field mustard) (aka brassica rapa)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To evaluate these potentially adverse effects of Se fertilization, we performed a comprehensive study on sand-grown young broccoli plants (weekly selenate applications of 0.8 mumol plant(-1) via the root) and field-grown adult broccoli plants during head formation (single foliar selenate application: 25.3 or 253 mumol plant(-1) ).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'broccoli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brassica carinata (abyssinian mustard) (aka brassica carinata)
B: brassica oleracea (wild cabbage) (aka brassica oleracea)
C: brassica hirta (aka sinapis alba)
D: brassica napus (rape (aka brassica napus))
E: brassica erucastrum (aka raphanus raphanistrum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We conclude that broccoli can be fertilized with Se without reduction in GSL content, even with Se accumulation exceeding the level recommended for human consumption.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'broccoli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brassica hirta (aka sinapis alba)
B: brassica napus (rape (aka brassica napus))
C: brassica
D: cabbage butterfly (aka pieris brassicae)
E: brassica oleracea (wild cabbage) (aka brassica oleracea)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We conclude that broccoli can be fertilized with Se without reduction in GSL content, even with Se accumulation exceeding the level recommended for human consumption.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neanderthal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
B: gymnopleurus humanus
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: human louse (aka pediculus humanus)
E: glossus humanus (cardium humanum) (aka glossus humanus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Factors required for the high CO2 specificity of the anaerobically induced maize GapC4 promoter in transgenic tobacco.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zea mays (zea mays var. japonica) (aka zea mays)
B: corn smut (aka mycosarcoma maydis)
C: corn earworm (aka helicoverpa zea)
D: agromyces ramosus (agromyces ramosum) (aka agromyces ramosus)
E: maize weevil (aka sitophilus zeamais)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Factors required for the high CO2 specificity of the anaerobically induced maize GapC4 promoter in transgenic tobacco.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: common tobacco (aka nicotiana tabacum)
B: nicotiana sylvestris (wood tobacco) (aka nicotiana sylvestris)
C: tree tobacco (aka nicotiana glauca)
D: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
E: nicotiana occidentalis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strong anaerobic reporter gene activity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) controlled by the glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapC4) promoter from maize (Zea mays) depends on the presence of CO(2) and light.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
B: nicotiana glauca (glaucous tobacco) (aka nicotiana glauca)
C: nicotiana tabacum (american tobacco) (aka nicotiana tabacum)
D: nicotiana sylvestris (wood tobacco) (aka nicotiana sylvestris)
E: nicotiana acuminata (acuminate tobacco) (aka nicotiana acuminata)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strong anaerobic reporter gene activity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) controlled by the glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapC4) promoter from maize (Zea mays) depends on the presence of CO(2) and light.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'nicotiana tabacum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nicotiana attenuata
B: nicotiana benthamiana
C: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
D: nicotiana corymbosa
E: nicotiana tabacum (american tobacco) (aka nicotiana tabacum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strong anaerobic reporter gene activity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) controlled by the glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapC4) promoter from maize (Zea mays) depends on the presence of CO(2) and light.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agromyces ramosus (agromyces ramosum) (aka agromyces ramosus)
B: corn ear worm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
C: corn smut (aka mycosarcoma maydis)
D: zea mays (zea mays var. japonica) (aka zea mays)
E: agrococcus terreus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strong anaerobic reporter gene activity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) controlled by the glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapC4) promoter from maize (Zea mays) depends on the presence of CO(2) and light.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zelus grassans
B: corn smut (aka mycosarcoma maydis)
C: corn ear worm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
D: agrococcus terreus
E: zea ramosa (aka zea mays subsp. mays)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strong anaerobic reporter gene activity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) controlled by the glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapC4) promoter from maize (Zea mays) depends on the presence of CO(2) and light.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'zea mays'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: perennial teosinte (aka zea perennis)
B: maize (aka zea mays subsp. mays)
C: zea mays var. japonica (aka zea mays)
D: phalaena zea (aka helicoverpa zea)
E: maize weevil (aka sitophilus zeamais)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To identify factors required for CO(2) regulated gene expression, promoter deletions fused to the Beta-glucuronidase reporter gene were studied in transgenic tobacco.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nicotiana occidentalis
B: acuminate tobacco (aka nicotiana acuminata)
C: nicotiana benthamiana
D: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
E: nicotiana tabacum (american tobacco) (aka nicotiana tabacum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Electrophoretic mobility shift experiments indicate that tobacco nuclear extracts harbour proteins that bind to part of the 40 bp fragment.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ornamental tobacco (aka nicotiana alata)
B: common tobacco (aka nicotiana tabacum)
C: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
D: nicotiana glauca (glaucous tobacco) (aka nicotiana glauca)
E: nicotiana acuminata (acuminate tobacco) (aka nicotiana acuminata)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Database assisted as well as experimental analysis reveal a role for AP2/EREBP transcription factors for conferring the high CO(2) specificity to the GapC4 promoter in tobacco leaves.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ornamental tobacco (aka nicotiana alata)
B: tobacco (aka nicotiana tabacum)
C: nicotiana sylvestris (wood tobacco) (aka nicotiana sylvestris)
D: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
E: nicotiana occidentalis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The outcome of competition between the two chrysomonads Ochromonas sp. and Poterioochromonas malhamensis depends on pH.
We investigated the effect of pH on the competition of two closely related chrysomonad species, Poterioochromonas malhamensis originating from circumneutral Lake Constance, and Ochromonas sp. isolated from a highly acidic mining lake in Austria (pH -2.6).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'poterioochromonas malhamensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phytomonas lipae
B: pseudomonas kilonensis
C: pseudomonas kermanshahensis
D: pseudomonas graminis
E: poteriochroomonas malhamensis (aka poterioochromonas malhamensis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The outcome of competition between the two chrysomonads Ochromonas sp. and Poterioochromonas malhamensis depends on pH.
We investigated the effect of pH on the competition of two closely related chrysomonad species, Poterioochromonas malhamensis originating from circumneutral Lake Constance, and Ochromonas sp. isolated from a highly acidic mining lake in Austria (pH -2.6).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'poterioochromonas malhamensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudomonas iranensis
B: pseudomonas moraviensis
C: parafilimonas rhizosphaerae
D: poterioochromonas malhamensis (poteriochroomonas malhamensis) (aka poterioochromonas malhamensis)
E: potamothrix moldaviensis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Surprisingly, P. malhamensis prevailed over Ochromonas sp. under moderately acidic conditions, i.e. at the pH where growth rates of the latter peaked when grown alone.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. malhamensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudomonas massiliensis
B: pseudomonas fildesensis
C: poterioochromonas malhamensis (poteriochroomonas malhamensis) (aka poterioochromonas malhamensis)
D: pseudomonas iranensis
E: aplosporella malorum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It appears more likely that P. malhamensis ingested cells of its slightly smaller competitor.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. malhamensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: megaselia malhamensis
B: peniophora malaiensis
C: poteriochromonas malhamensis (aka poterioochromonas malhamensis)
D: pseudomonas massiliensis
E: plasmodium floridense
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcription factors BmPOUM2 and BmBetaFTZ-F1 are involved in regulation of the expression of the wing cuticle protein gene BmWCP4 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
B: silkworm moths (aka bombycidae)
C: bombyx
D: bombus morio (apis morio) (aka bombus morio)
E: silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcription factors BmPOUM2 and BmBetaFTZ-F1 are involved in regulation of the expression of the wing cuticle protein gene BmWCP4 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
B: bombyx
C: bombus maxillosus
D: branchiomma bombyx (amphitrite bombyx) (aka branchiomma bombyx)
E: bombyx mori (domestic silkworm) (aka bombyx mori)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcription factors BmPOUM2 and BmBetaFTZ-F1 are involved in regulation of the expression of the wing cuticle protein gene BmWCP4 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus muscorum
B: bombyx fusca (aka pygmaena fusca)
C: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
D: bombus simillimus
E: bombyx
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In Bombyx mori, the wing cuticle protein gene BmWCP4 is expressed specifically in the epidermis at the onset and mid-stage of pupation and is responsible for the formation of the pupal cuticle during the larval-pupal metamorphosis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombyx mori (domestic silkworm) (aka bombyx mori)
B: bombyx
C: bombyx fusca (aka pygmaena fusca)
D: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
E: bombus muscorum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The aim of this study was to investigate Ca(2+) responses to endosymbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the host root epidermis following pre-infection hyphopodium formation in both legumes and nonlegumes, and to determine to what extent these responses could be mimicked by germinated fungal spore exudate.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fungal'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fayochytriomyces
B: filamentous ascomycetes (aka pezizomycotina)
C: blastomycoides dermatitidis (aka blastomyces dermatitidis)
D: rhizidiomyces
E: mycophaga
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Root organ cultures of both Medicago truncatula and Daucus carota, expressing the nuclear-localized cameleon reporter NupYC2.1, were used to monitor AM-elicited Ca(2+) responses in host root tissues.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'medicago truncatula'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: medicago truncatula (barrel medic) (aka medicago truncatula)
B: medicago radiata
C: medica italica (aka medicago italica)
D: medicago polymorpha
E: medicago hypogaea
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Root organ cultures of both Medicago truncatula and Daucus carota, expressing the nuclear-localized cameleon reporter NupYC2.1, were used to monitor AM-elicited Ca(2+) responses in host root tissues.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'daucus carota'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: daucus muricatus (artedia muricata) (aka daucus muricatus)
B: daucus junceus (durieua juncea) (aka daucus junceus)
C: daucus virgatus (caucalis virgata) (aka daucus virgatus)
D: daucus littoralis
E: carrot (aka daucus carota)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Treatment with AM spore exudate also elicited Ca(2+) spiking within the AM-responsive zone of the root and, in both cases, spiking was dependent on the M. truncatula common SYM genes DMI1/2, but not on the rhizobial Nod factor perception gene NFP.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. truncatula'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anaplecta truncatula
B: microglossum truncatum
C: medicago turbinata
D: barrel medic (aka medicago truncatula)
E: monteverdia truncata (maytenus truncata) (aka monteverdia truncata)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Arabidopsis thaliana populations show clinal variation in a climatic gradient associated with altitude.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arabis lyrata (aka arabidopsis lyrata)
B: arabis thaliana (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
C: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis lyrata
D: agrotis atrux (scotia atrux) (aka agrotis atrux)
E: arabidopsis arenicola (arabis arenicola) (aka arabidopsis arenicola)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we tested for clinal variation in life history and associated traits along an environmental and altitudinal gradient in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrotis aurulenta (aka euxoa aurulenta)
B: arabidopsis lyrata (cardaminopsis lyrata) (aka arabidopsis lyrata)
C: arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress) (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
D: plantago africana
E: arabidopsis (cardaminopsis) (aka arabidopsis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Seventeen natural populations of A. thaliana were geo-referenced in north-eastern Spain on a gradient in which precipitation increases but maximum spring temperature and minimum winter temperature decrease with altitude.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress) (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
B: ammonia arabica
C: atrytone mella (aka anatrytone mella)
D: amaranthus australis
E: phytomonas tumefaciens (aka agrobacterium tumefaciens)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We compared these results with adaptations and clinal relationships reported for other species and with molecular mechanisms described in Arabidopsis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arabis neglecta (aka arabidopsis neglecta)
B: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis lyrata
C: plantago africana
D: arabis thaliana (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
E: noctua agricola (aka euxoa agricola)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'During endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis, several integral membrane proteins are located specifically at the interface of the two adjacent cells of the developing sporangium, the mother cell and forespore.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus mesentericus (aka bacillus subtilis)
B: bacillus thuringiensis (bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
C: bacillus aerophilus
D: bacillus (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
E: bacillus mesentericus (aka bacillus pumilus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'During endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis, several integral membrane proteins are located specifically at the interface of the two adjacent cells of the developing sporangium, the mother cell and forespore.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus mesentericus (aka bacillus pumilus)
B: bacillus thuringiensis (bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
C: bacillus mobilis
D: bacillus amylolyticus (aka paenibacillus amylolyticus)
E: sowerbaea subtilis
F: None of the above. | F |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.