instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we raised larvae of the common crop pest Pieris brassicae on commercial cabbage leaves, simulated predator attacks throughout the larval period, and measured life-history responses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cabbage'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ethiopian mustard (aka brassica carinata)
B: brassica hirta (aka sinapis alba)
C: brassica vesicaria (aka eruca vesicaria)
D: wild cabbage (aka brassica oleracea)
E: european cabbage white (aka pieris rapae)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Functional characterization of pheromone receptors in the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco budworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cabbage budworm moth (aka hellula phidilealis)
B: african cotton leafworm (aka spodoptera littoralis)
C: bollworm (aka helicoverpa zea)
D: tobacco budworm (aka heliothis virescens)
E: cotton bollworm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Functional characterization of pheromone receptors in the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco budworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus bellicosus
B: beet armyworm (aka spodoptera exigua)
C: bombus transversalis
D: betta mandor
E: tomato hornworm (aka manduca sexta)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Functional characterization of pheromone receptors in the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliothis virescens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heliothis virescens (helicoverpa virescens) (aka heliothis virescens)
B: heliothrips sylvanus
C: heliothis punctigera (aka helicoverpa punctigera)
D: hygrophorus virescens (aka hygrocybe virescens)
E: temnoscheila virescens (temnochila virescens) (aka temnoscheila virescens)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Functional analyses of candidate Heliothis virescens pheromone odorant receptors (HvORs) were conducted using heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliothis virescens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: meenocixius virescens
B: sextius virescens
C: chloridea virescens (aka heliothis virescens)
D: heliothis punctigera (aka helicoverpa punctigera)
E: triptila virescens (tomopteryx virescens) (aka triptila virescens)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, while HvOR15 is specifically expressed in H. virescens male antennae, its role in pheromone reception remains unknown.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. virescens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chloridea virescens (aka heliothis virescens)
B: hesperomyces virescens
C: hygrocybe virescens (hygrophorus virescens) (aka hygrocybe virescens)
D: hemiselmis virescens
E: hemerophila virescens (aka blepharoctenucha virescens)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Based on our results and previous research we can now assign pheromone receptors in H. virescens males to each of the critical H. virescens agonistic pheromone compounds and two antagonistic compounds produced by heterospecific females.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. virescens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chloridium virescens (helicosporium virescens) (aka chloridium virescens)
B: temnochila virescens (aka temnoscheila virescens)
C: sextius virescens
D: bulla virescens (aka haminoea virescens)
E: helicoverpa virescens (aka heliothis virescens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Based on our results and previous research we can now assign pheromone receptors in H. virescens males to each of the critical H. virescens agonistic pheromone compounds and two antagonistic compounds produced by heterospecific females.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. virescens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hemiselmis virescens
B: hamana virescens
C: helicoverpa virescens (aka heliothis virescens)
D: helictotrichon virescens (aka trisetopsis virescens)
E: hesperomyces virescens
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cell cycle progression and cytokinesis at mitotic exit are proposed to be linked by CDC14 phosphatase antagonizing the function of mitotic B-type cyclin (CLBs).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
B: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
C: saccharomyces ovalis (aka malassezia furfur)
D: saccharomycodes
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cell cycle progression and cytokinesis at mitotic exit are proposed to be linked by CDC14 phosphatase antagonizing the function of mitotic B-type cyclin (CLBs).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
B: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: megasphaera cerevisiae
E: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, genes coding for odorant receptors (ORs) OR6, OR14, OR15 and OR16 have been genetically associated with species-specific male response to female pheromone blends in Heliothis virescens (Hv) and Heliothis subflexa (Hs).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliothis virescens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heliocheilus lupatus (heliothis lupatus) (aka heliocheilus lupatus)
B: meenocixius virescens
C: hemiselmis virescens
D: triptila virescens (tomopteryx virescens) (aka triptila virescens)
E: helicoverpa virescens (aka heliothis virescens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, genes coding for odorant receptors (ORs) OR6, OR14, OR15 and OR16 have been genetically associated with species-specific male response to female pheromone blends in Heliothis virescens (Hv) and Heliothis subflexa (Hs).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis b virus (aka hepatitis b virus)
B: hidden valley virus
C: horse-circo-like virus (aka horse circo-like virus)
D: hippotragine herpesvirus 1 (aka hippotragine gammaherpesvirus 1)
E: horsepox virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, genes coding for odorant receptors (ORs) OR6, OR14, OR15 and OR16 have been genetically associated with species-specific male response to female pheromone blends in Heliothis virescens (Hv) and Heliothis subflexa (Hs).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliothis subflexa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heliothis lupatus (aka heliocheilus lupatus)
B: heliothis subflexa (chloridea subflexa) (aka heliothis subflexa)
C: heleobia magna
D: heleobia umbiculata
E: heleobia profunda
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, genes coding for odorant receptors (ORs) OR6, OR14, OR15 and OR16 have been genetically associated with species-specific male response to female pheromone blends in Heliothis virescens (Hv) and Heliothis subflexa (Hs).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliothis subflexa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heliamphora folliculata
B: heliothis incarnata
C: heliocheilus neurota (heliocheilus clathrata) (aka heliocheilus neurota)
D: helophilus fasciatus
E: heleobia magna
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, genes coding for odorant receptors (ORs) OR6, OR14, OR15 and OR16 have been genetically associated with species-specific male response to female pheromone blends in Heliothis virescens (Hv) and Heliothis subflexa (Hs).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hsiungia
B: schinia siren (heliothis siren) (aka schinia siren)
C: short-snouted seahorse (aka hippocampus hippocampus)
D: helcostizus
E: hermosomastax
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The lack of higher expression of any of the receptor genes in H. subflexa antennae suggests that interspecific sequence differences, rather than gene regulation differences, underly the species-specific male response to pheromone components.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. subflexa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helleria fragilis (aka festuca fragilis)
B: chloridea subflexa (aka heliothis subflexa)
C: sphaeria heterospora (aka leptosphaeria heterospora)
D: helix lucorum taurica
E: helichrysum forskahlii
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Mutational analysis of the transmembrane helix 2-HAMP domain connection in the Escherichia coli aspartate chemoreceptor tar.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli nissle 1917 (escherichia coli strain nissle 1917) (aka escherichia coli nissle 1917)
B: escherichia coli 99.1762
C: escherichia coli 99.1793
D: vibrio coli (aka campylobacter coli)
E: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The PRP8 intein, the most widespread among fungi, occurs in important pathogens such as Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, from the Ajellomycetaceae family.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'histoplasma capsulatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: histoplasma ohiense (aka histoplasma ohiense (nom. inval.))
B: mortierella histoplasmatoides
C: emmonsiella capsulata (aka histoplasma capsulatum)
D: histoplasma mississippiense (aka histoplasma mississippiense (nom. inval.))
E: cryptococcus farciminosus (aka histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The PRP8 intein, the most widespread among fungi, occurs in important pathogens such as Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, from the Ajellomycetaceae family.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paracoccidioides brasiliensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paracalanus brasiliensis
B: pseudophallus brasiliensis
C: aspergillus brasiliensis
D: nigrospora brasiliensis
E: paracoccidioides brasiliensis (zymonema brasiliensis) (aka paracoccidioides brasiliensis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Herein, we describe the bi-functional PRP8 intein in two other Ajellomycetacean pathogens, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Emmonsia parva.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'blastomyces dermatitidis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: blastomyces dermatitidis atcc18187 (aka blastomyces dermatitidis atcc 18187)
B: discomyces bovis (aka actinomyces bovis)
C: debaryomyces mycophilus
D: blastomyces
E: blastomycoides dermatitidis (aka blastomyces dermatitidis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Herein, we describe the bi-functional PRP8 intein in two other Ajellomycetacean pathogens, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Emmonsia parva.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'emmonsia parva'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: polytomella parva
B: ixalotriton parvus (pseudoeurycea parva) (aka ixalotriton parvus)
C: enispa parva (microeschus parva) (aka enispa parva)
D: emmonsia parva (aka blastomyces parvus)
E: mycosphaerella parva (aka austroafricana parva)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The splicing activity of the PRP8 intein from the B. dermatitidis, E. parva and P. brasiliensis species complex was demonstrated in a non-native protein context in Escherichia coli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. dermatitidis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus bronchisepticus (aka bordetella bronchiseptica)
B: ajellomyces dermatitidis (aka blastomyces dermatitidis)
C: aleurisma dermatitidis (aka xerochrysium dermatitidis)
D: dermatobia hominis (human botfly) (aka dermatobia hominis)
E: hormiscium dermatitidis (aka exophiala dermatitidis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The splicing activity of the PRP8 intein from the B. dermatitidis, E. parva and P. brasiliensis species complex was demonstrated in a non-native protein context in Escherichia coli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. parva'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enispa parva (microeschus parva) (aka enispa parva)
B: etainia parva
C: theileria parva
D: eois parva
E: toxolasma parvus (aka toxolasma parvum)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The splicing activity of the PRP8 intein from the B. dermatitidis, E. parva and P. brasiliensis species complex was demonstrated in a non-native protein context in Escherichia coli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. brasiliensis species complex'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paracoccidioides
B: aspergillus brasiliensis
C: pleurotus brasiliensis (aka ripartitella brasiliensis)
D: paracoccidioides brasiliensis (zymonema brasiliensis) (aka paracoccidioides brasiliensis)
E: actinoplanes brasiliensis (aka paractinoplanes brasiliensis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The splicing activity of the PRP8 intein from the B. dermatitidis, E. parva and P. brasiliensis species complex was demonstrated in a non-native protein context in Escherichia coli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. brasiliensis species complex'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rubinisphaera brasiliensis (planctomyces brasiliensis) (aka rubinisphaera brasiliensis)
B: actinomyces brasiliensis (aka nocardia brasiliensis)
C: pseudophallus brasiliensis
D: pirozynskiomyces brasiliensis
E: protalebrella brasiliensis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The splicing activity of the PRP8 intein from the B. dermatitidis, E. parva and P. brasiliensis species complex was demonstrated in a non-native protein context in Escherichia coli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enterobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
B: escherichia coli 99.1793
C: escherichia coli c
D: entamoeba coli
E: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Involvement of a helix-loop-helix transcription factor CHC-1 in CO(2)-mediated conidiation suppression in Neurospora crassa.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neurospora crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: columnea crassa
B: chrysonilia crassa (aka neurospora crassa)
C: neurospora nigeriensis
D: neurospora terricola fgsc 1889
E: neurospora tetraspora (gelasinospora tetrasperma) (aka neurospora tetraspora)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, by screening a set of knock-out mutants corresponding to 103 transcription factor encoding genes in Neurospora crassa, a mutant was found to produce abundant conidia in race tubes in which conidiation in the wild-type strain was suppressed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neurospora crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tinocladia crassa
B: chrysonilia crassa (aka neurospora crassa)
C: neocosmospora crassa (aka fusarium crassum)
D: neurospora terricola fgsc 1889
E: neurospora cerealis (gelasinospora cerealis) (aka neurospora cerealis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among them, fluffy and ada-6, two transcription factor genes that positively regulate conidiation in N. crassa, and rca-1, whose homolog flbD in Aspergillus nidulans is essential for conidiation, were upregulated in the chc-1 deletion mutant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'n. crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nautarachna crassa (delmea crassa) (aka nautarachna crassa)
B: crassiana crassa (aka unio crassus)
C: neurospora crassa (chrysonilia crassa) (aka neurospora crassa)
D: napothera crassa (aka gypsophila crassa)
E: tryella crassa
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among them, fluffy and ada-6, two transcription factor genes that positively regulate conidiation in N. crassa, and rca-1, whose homolog flbD in Aspergillus nidulans is essential for conidiation, were upregulated in the chc-1 deletion mutant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
B: aspergillus domesticus
C: aspergillus aureolus (neosartorya aureola) (aka aspergillus aureolus)
D: neosartorya fumigata (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
E: aspergillus aureus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'An analysis of the time-dependent genetic response to the death-inducer staurosporine was performed in Neurospora crassa by transcriptional profiling.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neurospora crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neurospora pannonica
B: tinocladia crassa
C: chrysonilia crassa (aka neurospora crassa)
D: neurospora cratophora (gelasinospora cratophora) (aka neurospora cratophora)
E: neurospora stellata
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The combination of inhibitors of ABC transporters or of potassium channels with staurosporine leads to an enhanced activity against N. crassa and pathogenic fungi paving the way to the development of more potent and specific antifungals.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'n. crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neurospora crassa (chrysonilia crassa) (aka neurospora crassa)
B: nitrosomonas nitrosa
C: argis crassa (nectocrangon crassa) (aka argis crassa)
D: columnea crassa
E: tabernaemontana crassa
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Differential PbP27 expression in the yeast and mycelial forms of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis species complex.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paracoccidioides brasiliensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zymonema brasiliensis (aka paracoccidioides brasiliensis)
B: oospora brasiliensis (aka nocardia brasiliensis)
C: sporothrix brasiliensis
D: nigrospora brasiliensis
E: podospora brasiliensis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'p27 is an antigenic protein produced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paracoccidioides brasiliensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zymonema brasiliensis (aka paracoccidioides brasiliensis)
B: pseudophallus brasiliensis
C: pirozynskiomyces brasiliensis
D: furtadomyces brasiliensis (aka furtadoella brasiliensis)
E: porella brasiliensis (schulthesia brasiliensis) (aka porella brasiliensis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In order to determine if there was a differential expression pattern between morphological states and among isolates, we also evaluated PbP27 expression, at transcriptional and translational levels, in mycelia and yeast cultures in 14 isolates belonging to the P. brasiliensis species complex (S1, PS2, PS3, and "Pb01-like", proposed to be named Paracoccidioides lutzii) by two techniques, real time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) and protein dot blot.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. brasiliensis species complex'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zymonema brasiliensis (aka paracoccidioides brasiliensis)
B: paractinoplanes brasiliensis (actinoplanes brasiliensis) (aka paractinoplanes brasiliensis)
C: aspergillus brasiliensis
D: pleurotus brasiliensis (aka ripartitella brasiliensis)
E: paracoccidioides
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In order to determine if there was a differential expression pattern between morphological states and among isolates, we also evaluated PbP27 expression, at transcriptional and translational levels, in mycelia and yeast cultures in 14 isolates belonging to the P. brasiliensis species complex (S1, PS2, PS3, and "Pb01-like", proposed to be named Paracoccidioides lutzii) by two techniques, real time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) and protein dot blot.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. brasiliensis species complex'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus brasiliensis
B: paracoccidioides
C: pseudophallus brasiliensis
D: protalebrella brasiliensis
E: pirozynskiomyces brasiliensis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In order to determine if there was a differential expression pattern between morphological states and among isolates, we also evaluated PbP27 expression, at transcriptional and translational levels, in mycelia and yeast cultures in 14 isolates belonging to the P. brasiliensis species complex (S1, PS2, PS3, and "Pb01-like", proposed to be named Paracoccidioides lutzii) by two techniques, real time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) and protein dot blot.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paracoccidioides lutzii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paracoccidioides sp. mt-2011 (aka paracoccidioides lutzii)
B: panstrongylus lutzi
C: paracoccus lutimaris
D: parachlorella beijerinckii
E: mutisia lutzii
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Regulation of virulence factors, carbon utilization and virulence by SNF1 in Cryptococcus neoformans JEC21 and divergent actions of SNF1 between cryptococcal strains.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cryptococcus neoformans jec21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans bt2
B: cryptococcus neoformans bt7
C: cryptococcus neoformans serotype d (aka cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans)
D: lipomyces neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
E: cryptococcus neoformans atcc 48184
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We describe here the functions of a Snf1/AMPK homolog in the human pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, strain JEC21.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'jec21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: jefea
B: hea choui
C: jeongeuplla avenae (aka jeongeupella avenae)
D: jembrana disease virus
E: jedda
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We found that JEC21 SNF1 is a key regulator for the biosynthesis of the major virulence factors, stress resistance and alternative carbon source utilization.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'jec21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: japanese eel endothelial cells-infecting virus (eel polyomavirus) (aka japanese eel endothelial cells-infecting virus)
B: jemadia
C: jemez springs virus
D: sheitanok
E: jeilongvirus comorosense
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Disruption of JEC21 SNF1 results in defects of laccase activity and capsule production, sensitivity to cation stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'jec21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sheitanok
B: jemez springs virus
C: jeana
D: jemadia ovid (jemadia hewitsonii ovid) (aka jemadia ovid)
E: chone
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Especially, we found that JEC21 SNF1 is essential for growth at elevated temperature and for thermotolerance.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'jec21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: jessica
B: jembrana disease virus
C: jefea
D: jemadia ovid (jemadia hewitsonii ovid) (aka jemadia ovid)
E: jeana
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, we observed a functional divergence between JEC21 SNF1 and its equivalent from serotype A strain H99.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h99'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: h2n9 subtype
B: h13n9 subtype
C: h9n6 subtype
D: h9n2 (aka h9n2 subtype) (aka h9n2 subtype)
E: h9n3 subtype
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A high temperature is needed for H99 SNF1 to function in stress response and carbon source preference, but not for the JEC21 SNF1.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h99'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: h9n2 (aka h9n2 subtype) (aka h9n2 subtype)
B: h9n8 subtype
C: h9n7 subtype
D: yeast isolate h-1009
E: h9n1 subtype
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A high temperature is needed for H99 SNF1 to function in stress response and carbon source preference, but not for the JEC21 SNF1.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'jec21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sheitanok
B: japanese eel endothelial cells-infecting virus (eel polyomavirus) (aka japanese eel endothelial cells-infecting virus)
C: jeilongvirus comorosense
D: jefea
E: jessea
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results confirmed a critical role of JEC21 SNF1 in regulation of stress response and virulence.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'jec21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: encephalitozoon cuniculi ec2
B: jedda
C: jeilongvirus comorosense
D: helcococcus sueciensis
E: sheitanok
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results confirmed a critical role of JEC21 SNF1 in regulation of stress response and virulence.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'jec21'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: jemez springs virus
B: jeilongvirus comorosense
C: jeana
D: jemadia
E: jessica
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Diversification and evolution of the avirulence gene AVR-Pita1 in field isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'magnaporthe oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: magnaporthe poae (aka magnaporthiopsis poae)
B: trematosphaerella oryzae (aka phaeosphaeria oryzae)
C: paraphaeosphaeria oryzae
D: magnaporthe oryzae b.c. couch, 2002 (aka pyricularia oryzae)
E: magnaporthe rhizophila (aka magnaporthiopsis rhizophila)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rice blast disease is the single most destructive plant disease that threatens stable rice production worldwide.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oryza perennis
B: oryzihumus
C: oryza sativa (asian cultivated rice) (aka oryza sativa)
D: african rice (aka oryza glaberrima)
E: oryza meridionalis (australian wild rice) (aka oryza meridionalis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we report the molecular mechanisms of diversification and the instability of the avirulence gene AVR-Pita1 in field strains of Magnaporthe oryzae interacting with the host resistance gene Pi-ta and triggering race-specific resistance.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'magnaporthe oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phaeosphaeria oryzae (trematosphaerella oryzae) (aka phaeosphaeria oryzae)
B: magnaporthe grisea (aka pyricularia grisea)
C: pyricularia oryzae (magnaporthe oryzae b.c. couch, 2002) (aka pyricularia oryzae)
D: aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884) (aka aspergillus oryzae)
E: monotospora oryzae (aka nigrospora oryzae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cryptogein, a fungal elicitor, remodels the phenylpropanoid metabolism of tobacco cell suspension cultures in a calcium-dependent manner.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
B: nicotiana tabacum (american tobacco) (aka nicotiana tabacum)
C: ornamental tobacco (aka nicotiana alata)
D: nicotiana occidentalis
E: nicotiana acuminata (acuminate tobacco) (aka nicotiana acuminata)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To understand these relationships better, we challenged tobacco BY-2 cells with cryptogein and evaluated how calcium transients (monitored through the calcium sensor aequorin) impact (1) transcript levels of phenylpropanoid genes (assessed by RT-qPCR); and (2) derived-phenolic compounds (analysed by mass spectrometry).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nicotiana occidentalis
B: tree tobacco (aka nicotiana glauca)
C: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
D: nicotiana tabacum (american tobacco) (aka nicotiana tabacum)
E: nicotiana sylvestris (wood tobacco) (aka nicotiana sylvestris)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This development has increased the risk of transmission of infections from wildlife to human beings and livestock.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neandertal (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
B: pediculus humanus (human louse) (aka pediculus humanus)
C: humans (aka homo)
D: gymnopleurus humanus
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We isolated a Beta-thymosin gene in Helicoverpa armigera.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'helicoverpa armigera'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helicoverpa punctigera (heliothis punctigera) (aka helicoverpa punctigera)
B: heliothis conferta (aka helicoverpa armigera conferta)
C: tobacco budworm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
D: helicoverpa armigera granulovirus
E: heliconia vellerigera
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The large subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase, RRM1, is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell migration, tumour and metastasis development, and the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neandertal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
B: carcharhinus humani
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: gymnopleurus humanus
E: great apes (aka hominidae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Improved accuracy of the transcriptional profiling method of age grading in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes under laboratory and semi-field cage conditions and in the presence of Wolbachia infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aedes aegypti mosquitoes'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aedes flavivirus
B: aedes flavopictus
C: stegomyia aegypti (aka aedes aegypti)
D: culex alboannulatus (aka aedes alboannulatus)
E: aedes rossicus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcriptional profiling is an effective method of predicting age in the mosquito Aedes aegypti in the laboratory, however, its effectiveness is limited to younger mosquitoes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aedes aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
B: aedes fluviatilis (aka ochlerotatus fluviatilis)
C: aedes malayi (aka culex malayi)
D: culex niveus (aka aedes niveus)
E: culex atropalpus (aka aedes atropalpus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcriptional profiling is an effective method of predicting age in the mosquito Aedes aegypti in the laboratory, however, its effectiveness is limited to younger mosquitoes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aedes aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culex alboannulatus (aka aedes alboannulatus)
B: aedes rossicus
C: aedes fluviatilis (aka ochlerotatus fluviatilis)
D: aedes ochraceus (culex ochraceus) (aka aedes ochraceus)
E: culex atropalpus (aka aedes atropalpus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In association with the development of symbiont-based control strategies for Ae. aegypti, we also tested the model's accuracy for Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes and found no decline in performance.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ae. aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aedes albopictus (asian tiger mosquito) (aka aedes albopictus)
B: aedes aegypti (aedes (stegomyia) aegypti) (aka aedes aegypti)
C: aedes flavopictus
D: culex malayi (aedes malayi) (aka culex malayi)
E: aedes aegypti queenslandensis (aka aedes aegypti aegypti)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our findings suggest that the new model is a robust and powerful tool for age determination in Australian Ae. aegypti populations.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ae. aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aedes malayi (aka culex malayi)
B: aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (aka aedes aegypti)
C: aedes flavivirus
D: culex ochraceus (aka aedes ochraceus)
E: culex alboannulatus (aka aedes alboannulatus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Different root orders of 4-year-old Citrus volkameriana trees were analysed with respect to root morphology and water flux.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'citrus volkameriana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: citrus trifoliata (poncirus trifoliatus) (aka citrus trifoliata)
B: citrus warburgiana (microcitrus warburgiana) (aka citrus warburgiana)
C: citrus decumana (aka citrus maxima)
D: citrus volkameriana
E: citrus myrtifolia
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans biotin biosynthetic gene cluster and use of the bioDA gene as a new transformation marker.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus lanosus
B: aspergillus cerealis
C: aspergillus aureus
D: aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884) (aka aspergillus oryzae)
E: aspergillus nidulellus (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The genes involved in the biosynthesis of biotin were identified in the hyphal fungus Aspergillus nidulans through homology searches and complementation of Escherichia coli biotin-auxotrophic mutants.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus domesticus
B: aspergillus lanosus
C: aspergillus tritici (aka aspergillus neotritici)
D: aspergillus avenaceus
E: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The genes involved in the biosynthesis of biotin were identified in the hyphal fungus Aspergillus nidulans through homology searches and complementation of Escherichia coli biotin-auxotrophic mutants.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli 9.1796
B: escherichia coli nissle 1917 (escherichia coli strain nissle 1917) (aka escherichia coli nissle 1917)
C: vibrio coli (aka campylobacter coli)
D: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: escherichia coli 99.1762
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Whereas the 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid synthase and dethiobiotin synthetase are encoded by distinct genes in bacteria and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both activities are performed in A. nidulans by a single enzyme, encoded by the bifunctional gene bioDA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
B: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
C: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
E: saccharomyces ovalis (aka malassezia furfur)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Whereas the 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid synthase and dethiobiotin synthetase are encoded by distinct genes in bacteria and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both activities are performed in A. nidulans by a single enzyme, encoded by the bifunctional gene bioDA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
B: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
C: saccharomyces pasteurianus (aka saccharomyces pastorianus)
D: saccharomyces ovalis (aka malassezia furfur)
E: saccharomyces oviformis (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Whereas the 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid synthase and dethiobiotin synthetase are encoded by distinct genes in bacteria and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both activities are performed in A. nidulans by a single enzyme, encoded by the bifunctional gene bioDA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus neotritici (aspergillus tritici) (aka aspergillus neotritici)
B: aspergillus aureus
C: sterigmatocystis nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans)
D: aspergillus agricola
E: aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans (emericella nidulans var. nidulans) (aka aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The A. nidulans auxotrophic mutants biA1, biA2 and biA3 were all found to have mutations in the 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid synthase domain of the bioDA gene.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus nidulans (aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884) (aka aspergillus nidulans)
B: aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans (emericella nidulans var. nidulans) (aka aspergillus nidulans var. nidulans)
C: aspergillus agricola
D: nassella nidulans
E: aspergillus fumigatus fresen., 1863 (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The A. nidulans auxotrophic mutants biA1, biA2 and biA3 were all found to have mutations in the 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid synthase domain of the bioDA gene.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus aureus
B: aphanothece nidulans
C: aspergillus domesticus
D: aspergillus neotritici (aspergillus tritici) (aka aspergillus neotritici)
E: aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884 (aka aspergillus oryzae)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although biotin auxotrophy is an inconvenient marker in classical genetic manipulations due to cross-feeding of biotin, transformation of the biA1 mutant with the bioDA gene from either A. nidulans or Aspergillus fumigatus led to the recovery of well-defined biotin-prototrophic colonies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus aureus
B: aspergillus neotritici (aspergillus tritici) (aka aspergillus neotritici)
C: aphanothece nidulans
D: aspergillus neoellipticus (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
E: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although biotin auxotrophy is an inconvenient marker in classical genetic manipulations due to cross-feeding of biotin, transformation of the biA1 mutant with the bioDA gene from either A. nidulans or Aspergillus fumigatus led to the recovery of well-defined biotin-prototrophic colonies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus fumigatus (aspergillus fumigatus var. ellipticus) (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
B: aspergillus rubrum (aka aspergillus ruber)
C: aspergillus aureus
D: aspergillus asperus (aka aspergillus asper)
E: aspergillus cerealis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'OsEDR1 negatively regulates rice bacterial resistance via activation of ethylene biosynthesis.
Rice OsEDR1 is a sequence ortholog of Arabidopsis EDR1.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: indian rice (aka oryza sativa indica group)
B: oryza officinalis
C: common wild rice (aka oryza rufipogon)
D: ricegrass (aka oryzopsis)
E: oryza sativa (asian cultivated rice) (aka oryza sativa)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'OsEDR1 negatively regulates rice bacterial resistance via activation of ethylene biosynthesis.
Rice OsEDR1 is a sequence ortholog of Arabidopsis EDR1.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: african wild rice (aka oryza barthii)
B: oryza meridionalis (australian wild rice) (aka oryza meridionalis)
C: oryzopsis (ricegrass) (aka oryzopsis)
D: oryza sativa (asian cultivated rice) (aka oryza sativa)
E: oryza perennis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We show here that OsEDR1-suppressing/knockout (KO) plants, which developed spontaneous lesions on the leaves, have enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causing bacterial blight disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: xanthomonas indica
B: xanthomonas graminis (aka xanthomonas graminis pv. graminis)
C: xanthomonas phaseoli (xanthomonas phaseoli (ex smith 1897)) (aka xanthomonas phaseoli)
D: xanthomonas oryzae ("pseudomonas oryzae" uyeda and ishiyama in ishiyama 1926) (aka xanthomonas oryzae)
E: xanthomonas cerealis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We show here that OsEDR1-suppressing/knockout (KO) plants, which developed spontaneous lesions on the leaves, have enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causing bacterial blight disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'xoo'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhizobium oryzae (aka xaviernesmea oryzae)
B: xanthomonas oryzae ("pseudomonas oryzae" uyeda and ishiyama in ishiyama 1926) (aka xanthomonas oryzae)
C: xanthomonas phaseoli (xanthomonas phaseoli (ex smith 1897)) (aka xanthomonas phaseoli)
D: xanthomonas cerealis
E: xanthobacter xylophilus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These results suggest that ethylene is a negative signalling molecule in rice bacterial resistance.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oryza officinalis
B: indian rice (aka oryza sativa indica group)
C: red rice (aka oryza rufipogon)
D: red rice (aka oryza sativa)
E: oryza meridionalis (australian wild rice) (aka oryza meridionalis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the rice-Xoo interaction, OsEDR1 transcriptionally promotes the synthesis of ethylene that, in turn, suppresses SA- and JA-associated defence signalling.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: asian cultivated rice (aka oryza sativa)
B: african rice (aka oryza glaberrima)
C: oryza
D: oryzihumus
E: oryza officinalis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the rice-Xoo interaction, OsEDR1 transcriptionally promotes the synthesis of ethylene that, in turn, suppresses SA- and JA-associated defence signalling.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'xoo'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: xanthomonas bromi
B: xanthomonas oryzae ("pseudomonas oryzae" uyeda and ishiyama in ishiyama 1926) (aka xanthomonas oryzae)
C: xanthomonas axonoperis (aka xanthomonas axonopodis)
D: xenarchus osorius (aka brachycodilla osorius)
E: ochrobactrum oryzae (aka brucella oryzae)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Expression of diverse midgut serine proteinases in the sericigenous Lepidoptera Antheraea assamensis (Helfer) is influenced by choice of host plant species.
Antheraea assamensis is reared on various species of the Lauraceae family from north-east India for its distinctive cocoon silk.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'antheraea assamensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nemophora assamensis
B: saturnia assama (aka antheraea assamensis)
C: anas bahamensis
D: dryopteris assamensis (nephrodium assamense) (aka dryopteris assamensis)
E: diacamma assamense
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Expression of diverse midgut serine proteinases in the sericigenous Lepidoptera Antheraea assamensis (Helfer) is influenced by choice of host plant species.
Antheraea assamensis is reared on various species of the Lauraceae family from north-east India for its distinctive cocoon silk.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'antheraea assamensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saxifraga assamensis
B: diacamma assamense
C: nangra assamensis
D: dryopteris assamensis (nephrodium assamense) (aka dryopteris assamensis)
E: enpinanga assamensis (panacra assamensis) (aka enpinanga assamensis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Expression of diverse midgut serine proteinases in the sericigenous Lepidoptera Antheraea assamensis (Helfer) is influenced by choice of host plant species.
Antheraea assamensis is reared on various species of the Lauraceae family from north-east India for its distinctive cocoon silk.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'antheraea assamensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nangra assamensis
B: antheraea assama (aka antheraea assamensis)
C: neolethaeus assamensis (lethaeus assamensis) (aka neolethaeus assamensis)
D: nemophora assamensis
E: reticulitermes assamensis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We demonstrate differential expression of digestive trypsin and chymotrypsins in larvae feeding on a primary host, Persea bombycina Kosterm., in comparison to larvae feeding on Litsea monopetala Roxb.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'persea bombycina'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: machilus bombycina (persea bombycina) (aka machilus bombycina)
B: phacelia bombycina
C: veronica bombycina
D: anaplecta bombycina
E: maladera bombycina (serica bombycina) (aka maladera bombycina)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We demonstrate differential expression of digestive trypsin and chymotrypsins in larvae feeding on a primary host, Persea bombycina Kosterm., in comparison to larvae feeding on Litsea monopetala Roxb.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'litsea monopetala'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: litsea elliptica
B: statice monopetala (aka limoniastrum monopetalum)
C: litsea monopetala (litsea polyantha) (aka litsea monopetala)
D: litsea ghatica
E: litsea tomentosa
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Midgut transcript levels of the putative trypsin were higher in larvae fed P. bombycina whereas levels of transcripts encoding putative chymotrypsins were higher in larvae reared on L. monopetala.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. bombycina'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phanagenia bombycina
B: pleopeltis bombycina (polypodium bombycinum) (aka pleopeltis bombycina)
C: persea bombycina (aka machilus bombycina)
D: genea bombycina (aka hydnocystis bombycina)
E: polia bombycina (phalaena bombycina) (aka polia bombycina)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Midgut transcript levels of the putative trypsin were higher in larvae fed P. bombycina whereas levels of transcripts encoding putative chymotrypsins were higher in larvae reared on L. monopetala.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. monopetala'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: litsea polyantha (aka litsea monopetala)
B: littoraria flammea (littorina flammea) (aka littoraria flammea)
C: poa homomalla
D: litsea tibetana
E: hexalobus monopetalus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Possible implications of host plant choice on the digestive physiology of A. assamensis are discussed.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. assamensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saturnia assama (aka antheraea assamensis)
B: acrophorus assamicus (aka davallia assamica)
C: aedes assamensis (aka phagomyia assamensis)
D: enpinanga assamensis (panacra assamensis) (aka enpinanga assamensis)
E: aspergillus canadensis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Functional test of the influence of Wolbachia genes on cytoplasmic incompatibility expression in Drosophila melanogaster.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'drosophila melanogaster'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <flies>)
B: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
C: drosophila <flies,subgenus> (drosophila) (aka drosophila <flies,subgenus>)
D: drosophila simulans
E: melanogaster <basidiomycete fungi> (melanogaster) (aka melanogaster <basidiomycete fungi>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The expression of a number of these genes in Drosophila melanogaster failed to mimic or alter CI phenotypes across a range of Wolbachia backgrounds or in the absence of Wolbachia.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'drosophila melanogaster'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
B: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
C: fruit fly (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
D: drosophila elegans
E: mytilia melanogaster (aka rhinophis melanogaster)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Differential transcription of two highly divergent gut-expressed Bm86 antigen gene homologues in the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodida).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rhipicephalus appendiculatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhipicephalus congolensis
B: rhipicephalus praetextatus
C: rhipicephalus leporis
D: rhipicephalus guilhoni
E: eurhipicephalus appendiculatus (aka rhipicephalus appendiculatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We describe transcriptional analysis of two exceptionally divergent homologues (Ra86) of the Bm86 gut antigen from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rhipicephalus appendiculatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhipicephalus lunulatus
B: rhipicephalus (aka rhipicephalus <genus>)
C: rhipicephalus pumilio
D: eurhipicephalus appendiculatus (aka rhipicephalus appendiculatus)
E: rhipicephalus pravus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We describe transcriptional analysis of two exceptionally divergent homologues (Ra86) of the Bm86 gut antigen from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rhipicephalus appendiculatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhipicephalus turanicus
B: rhipicephalus afranicus
C: rhipicephalus pusillus (rhipicephalus bursa pusillus) (aka rhipicephalus pusillus)
D: rhipicephalus pumilio
E: rhipicephalus follis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bm86 forms the basis of a commercial vaccine for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhipicephalus secundus
B: rhipicephalus microplus (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) (aka rhipicephalus microplus)
C: rhipicephalus nitens
D: rhipicephalus rossicus
E: rhipicephalus pumilio
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The R. appendiculatus Ra86 proteins contain 654 and 693 amino acids, with only 80% amino acid sequence identity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'r. appendiculatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: uromyces appendiculatus
B: rhipicephalus lunulatus
C: chytriomyces appendiculatus
D: rhipicephalus congolensis
E: rhipicephalus appendiculatus (eurhipicephalus appendiculatus) (aka rhipicephalus appendiculatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overexpression of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP6ER1, is associated with resistance to imidacloprid in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'brown planthopper'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tabanus bromius
B: green leafhopper (aka empoasca vitis)
C: water springtail (aka podura aquatica)
D: brown planthopper (aka nilaparvata lugens)
E: corn hopper (aka peregrinus maidis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overexpression of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP6ER1, is associated with resistance to imidacloprid in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'nilaparvata lugens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lintneria lugens (sphinx lugens) (aka lintneria lugens)
B: nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) (aka nilaparvata lugens)
C: saprinus lugens
D: mormidea lugens
E: dohrniphora lugens
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is an economically significant pest of rice throughout Asia and has evolved resistance to many insecticides including the neonicotinoid imidacloprid.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'brown planthopper'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brown planthopper (aka nilaparvata lugens)
B: corn hopper (aka peregrinus maidis)
C: small brown planthopper (aka laodelphax striatellus)
D: bean pod borer (aka maruca testulalis)
E: black desert grasshopper (aka taeniopoda eques)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is an economically significant pest of rice throughout Asia and has evolved resistance to many insecticides including the neonicotinoid imidacloprid.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'nilaparvata lugens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saprinus lugens
B: timarcha lugens
C: aphodius lugens
D: saxicola lugens (aka oenanthe lugens)
E: nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) (aka nilaparvata lugens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is an economically significant pest of rice throughout Asia and has evolved resistance to many insecticides including the neonicotinoid imidacloprid.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oryza officinalis
B: oryzihumus
C: oryza sativa (asian cultivated rice) (aka oryza sativa)
D: oryza meridionalis (australian wild rice) (aka oryza meridionalis)
E: indian rice (aka oryza sativa indica group)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The resistance of field populations of N. lugens to imidacloprid has been attributed to enhanced detoxification by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), although, to date, the causative P450(s) has (have) not been identified.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'n. lugens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lintneria lugens (sphinx lugens) (aka lintneria lugens)
B: brown planthopper (aka nilaparvata lugens)
C: aphodius lugens
D: crinocerus lugens (aka athaumastus lugens)
E: otiorhynchus lugens
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the present study, biochemical assays using the model substrate 7-ethoxycoumarin showed enhanced P450 activity in several resistant N. lugens field strains when compared with a susceptible reference strain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'n. lugens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lintneria lugens (sphinx lugens) (aka lintneria lugens)
B: saprinus lugens
C: nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) (aka nilaparvata lugens)
D: timarcha lugens
E: nervilia trangensis
F: None of the above. | C |
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