paper_id stringlengths 10 10 ⌀ | yes_no bool 2
classes | paper_index int64 0 519 ⌀ | evidence stringlengths 0 37.7k | question stringlengths 4 11.7k | answer stringlengths 1 26k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
null | false | null | What are the different ways to bake sourdough? | You could bake a sourdough bread in a commercial oven.
A pizza oven
A dutch oven
In the sun
In a hot car
In a pot of boiling water
On the surface of the sun | |
null | false | 32 | Propaganda has been tackled mostly at the article level. BIBREF3 created a corpus of news articles labelled as propaganda, trusted, hoax, or satire. BIBREF4 experimented with a binarized version of that corpus: propaganda vs. the other three categories. BIBREF5 annotated a large binary corpus of propagandist vs. non-pr... | How do the author's corpus and annotations differ from others' method? | Unlike (Habernal et al., 2017, 2018a,b), their corpus uses 18 techniques annotated on the same set of news articles. Moreover, their annotations aim at identifying the minimal fragments related to a technique instead of flagging entire arguments. |
null | false | null | How is chocolate made? | Chocolate is made first by hand sorting cacao beans, next the beans are roasted in an oven, next you crack and winnow the cacoa beans to separate the nibs from the husks, next cacao butter is extracted from the beans, next the left over part of the bean is crushed and grinded into a silky smooth texture, next the choco... | |
null | false | null | When is the world diabetes day celebrated? | World diabetes day is celebrated on November 14 | |
null | false | null | Which of the following animals is a marsupial: kangaroo, zebra, or elephant? | Of the animals listed, kangaroo is the only marsupial. | |
null | false | null | What do you need for car camping? | I always pack a tent, sleeping bag, cot, and air mattress. The sleeping bag should be rated for the temperatures you expect, and the tent quality will matter more in rainy conditions. I also pack a camping stove and propane canister, along with a pot, pan, and mess kit. You'll need matches as well if your stove doesn't... | |
null | false | 185 | We use a pre-trained Xnlg with a 10-layer encoder and a 6-layer decoder. For every Transformer layer, we use 1024 hidden units, 8 attention heads, and GELU activations BIBREF26. In the first pre-training stage, we directly use the 15-language pre-trained XLM BIBREF5 to initialize the parameters of our encoder and decod... | What kind of GPU do they use in pretraining? | 4 Nvidia Telsa V100-16GB GPUs. |
null | false | null | What's the relationship of Chinese and Japanese | Japanese originated from Chinese. They share some of the same Chinese characters. | |
null | false | null | What is the best way to approach a new cat? | If a cat is not immediately friendly, one of the best ways to approach a cat is by offering it treats. Even timid cats can be tempted if you figure out what foods they really like. Start with a smelly food like tuna fish or tinned chicken, or raw meat cat treats if you have them. Don't expect the cat to approach you... | |
null | false | null | Rómulo Ángel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire (2 August 1884 – 5 April 1969) was a Venezuelan novelist and politician. For a period of nine months during 1948, he governed as the first freely elected president in Venezuela's history. He was removed from power by military officers in the 1948 Venezuelan coup. | Who is Romulo Gallegos? | Rómulo Ángel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire (2 August 1884 – 5 April 1969) was a Venezuelan novelist and politician. For a period of nine months during 1948, he governed as the first freely elected president in Venezuela's history. He was removed from power by military officers in the 1948 Venezuelan coup.
Rómulo G... |
null | false | null | write a linkedin informal message asking to an existing company employee for tips and guidelines for the specific role in their company. It should not be direct. Also ask about there experience or journey. and how to prepare to crack the exam and interview. It should be short. | Good Evening [Referrer],
Can you please guide me and share your experience of your Software Engineer Intern Journey at [Company].
And how to prepare for the online tests and technical interviews. Anything specific which can help us to prepare for the same. It will be beneficial to prepare in short span of time. | |
null | false | 153 | Common to all the models, we initialize our embedding matrix with pre-trained Glove word vectors of 300 dimensions using 6B tokens . Out of 11319 tokens present in the dataset, we found 188 tokens missing from the pre-trained Glove embeddings, so we manually map these tokens to words conveying semantically similar mean... | What kind of vector is used to initialize their embedding matrix? | They initialize their embedding matrix with pre-trained Glove word vectors of 300 dimensions using 6B tokens. |
null | false | 5 | Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (g2p) is necessary for text-to-speech and automatic speech recognition systems. Most g2p systems are monolingual: they require language-specific data or handcrafting of rules. Such systems are difficult to extend to low resource languages, for which data and handcrafted rules are not avai... | What gaps does this study fill？ | Most g2p systems are monolingual: they require language-specific data or handcrafting of rules. Such systems are difficult to extend to low resource languages, for which data and handcrafted rules are not available. As an alternative, they present a neural sequence-to-sequence approach to g2p which is trained on spelli... |
null | false | 17 | Following developing news stories is imperative to making real-time decisions on important political and public safety matters. Given the abundance of media providers and languages, this endeavor is an extremely difficult task. As such, there is a strong demand for automatic clustering of news streams, so that they can... | What are the methods they actually provide? | The task of clustering a stream of documents into themes. |
null | false | null | What is the best drum kit? | There are many different manufacturers of drum kits, with a wide range of models and pricing. Some of the most popular brands include DW, Tama, Sonor, Mapex, Pearl, Yamaha, Ludwig, Gretsch and the British Drum Company. There are also excellent custom drum builders with high quality products such as SJC and A&F.
The maj... | |
1810.09774 | false | null | For sentence encoding models, we chose a simple one-layer bidirectional LSTM with max pooling (BiLSTM-max) with the hidden size of 600D per direction, used e.g. in InferSent BIBREF17 , and HBMP BIBREF18 . For the other models, we have chosen ESIM BIBREF19 , which includes cross-sentence attention, and KIM BIBREF2 , whi... | Which models were compared? | BiLSTM-max, HBMP, ESIM, KIM, ESIM + ELMo, and BERT |
null | false | null | Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (/ʃəˈkɪərə/ shə-KEER-ə, Spanish: [(t)ʃaˈkiɾa]; born 2 February 1977) is a Colombian singer and songwriter. Born and raised in Barranquilla, she has been referred to as the "Queen of Latin Music" and is noted for her musical versatility. She made her recording debut with Sony Music Colombia... | Based on this paragraph about a singer, where was Shakira born? | Barranquilla, Colombia |
null | false | 153 | Visual dialog BIBREF0 is an interesting new task combining the research efforts from Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval. While BIBREF1 presents some tips and tricks for VQA 2.0 Challenge, we follow their guidelines for the Visual Dialog challenge 2018. Our models use attention simila... | What has been found out of 11319 tokens present in the dataset? | 188 tokens missing from the pre-trained Glove embeddings. |
1911.11933 | false | null | We used “Wait-k” models and general NMT models as baseline models. General NMT models were attention-based encoder-decoder and it translated sentences from full-length source sentences (called Full Sentence). For evaluation metrics, we used BLEU BIBREF8 and RIBES BIBREF9 to measure translation accuracy, and token-level... | Which metrics do they use to evaluate simultaneous translation? | The answers are shown as follows:
* BLEU BIBREF8
* RIBES BIBREF9
* token-level delay
|
null | false | null | What are the primary benefits of sending my child to daycare? | There are many benefits to sending your child to daycare. Daycare centers provide an effective way to socialize your child with other children and adult teachers. This allows your child to form relationships and build trust with people outside of their core family unit. Daycares provide structured learning activities t... | |
null | false | null | What are the biggest marathons? | There are hundreds of marathons around the globe every year. Only 6 marathons are designated as the major marathons. Those include the Tokyo Marathon, Boston Marathon, London Marathon, Berlin Marathon, Chicago Marathon and New York City Marathon. | |
null | false | null | ASML produces the photolithography machines used in the production of computer chips. In these machines, patterns are optically imaged onto a silicon wafer that is covered with a film of light-sensitive material (photoresist). This procedure is repeated dozens of times on a single wafer. The photoresist is then further... | According to this passage, what percent of the lithography machine market do Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems have in aggregate? | If ASML has 67 percent of the worldwide sales of lithography machines and if Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems represent their sole competition, than these companies must share the remaining 33 percent of the market. |
null | false | 448 | This section demonstrates the importance of learning rate annealing for learning a robust energy landscape. We repeat the midrun and longrun learning experiments for CIFAR-10 except that we never anneal the learning rate. We then sample with the models for 1500 steps for the model trained with the midrun method and 100... | Are there experiments justifying the reasoning given in the last paragraph of 3.1? | Yes, we included this experiment in the supplementary material and will include in a future appendix. Annealing is needed to stabilize the midrun trajectories. |
null | false | null | How does a tack work in windsurfing? | There are two basic turn maneuvers in windsurfing, the tack and the jibe. The tack turns upwind and takes the nose of the board through the wind. To start tacking, steer the board upwind by moving the sail to the back of the board. When the nose of the boards points right into the wind, step around the front of the sai... | |
null | false | null | Which of the following are currently considered gender neutral names: Jaime, River, Mary, Charlie, Jessie, Rene, John, Maggie, Liam | Jaime, River, Charlie, Rene | |
null | false | null | What is the difference between NumPy and pandas? | Pandas is mostly used for data analysis tasks in Python. NumPy is mostly used for working with numerical values as it makes it easy to apply mathematical functions. | |
null | false | null | Ibrahima Tamba (born 1 January 1967) is a Senegalese sprinter. He competed in the 200 meters at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics | Who is Ibrahima Tamba? | Ibrahima Tamba is an olympic sprinter from Senegal who participated in the 88 and 92 summer olympics |
null | false | null | Classify these vegetables based on their color.
mushroom, spinach, cauliflower, broccoli | White - cauliflower, mushroom
Green - broccoli, spinach | |
null | false | 136 | We build and test our MMT models on the Multi30K dataset BIBREF21 . Each image in Multi30K contains one English (EN) description taken from Flickr30K BIBREF22 and human translations into German (DE), French (FR) and Czech BIBREF23 , BIBREF24 , BIBREF25 . The dataset contains 29,000 instances for training, 1,014 for dev... | What dataset do they build and test a multimodal model on? | The Multi30K dataset. |
null | false | 203 | Neural language models BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 , BIBREF2 have become an essential component in several areas of natural language processing (NLP), such as machine translation, speech recognition and image captioning. They have also become a common benchmarking application in machine learning research on recurrent neural netw... | Does the author presuppose any prior knowledge about language similarities? | No. |
null | false | null | Why do people try to reach the top of Mount Everest? | Reaching the summit of Mount Everest presents a challenge few can actually achieve. The summit is the highest point on Earth and is located within the "death zone" at an altitude of 29,000 feet, where no human life can survive sustained periods of time. Most lack the technical climbing skills necessary to reach the s... | |
null | false | 252 | Pre-processing - Processing useless and inappropriate information in text: (1) removing nonalphabetic characters; (2) removing website links of text content; (3) converting all words to lower case and tokenize texts.
Parameters - hyper-parameters configurations of our model: for each task, we strictly turn all the hype... | What bad information is removed in pre-processing? | Nonalphabetic characters and website links. |
null | false | null | Which planets are part of the inner solar system and which are part of the outer solar system? | Mercury - inner
Venus - inner
Earth - inner
Mars - inner
Jupiter - outer
Saturn - outer
Uranus - outer
Neptune - outer | |
null | false | null | in hsa-1099-sa form, what does "Gross distribution" mean? | In the context of the HSA-1099-SA form, "Gross distribution" refers to the total amount of money that was withdrawn from your Health Savings Account (HSA) during the tax year in question.
This amount includes any funds used to pay for qualified medical expenses, as well as any non-qualified distributions or withdrawal... | |
null | false | null | What are some good coffee shops in the Cambridge, Massachusetts area? | Cambridge has a number of good coffee shops: Broadsheet coffee, which is a popular coffee roaster in the Boston area, is in Cambridge; Curio coffee in East Cambridge has both coffee and waffles; and there are multiple Tatte locations in Cambridge, which is also known for its pastries and French-Israeli food options for... | |
null | false | 78 | Data. We build a dataset of Twitter accounts based on two lists annotated in previous works. For the non-factual accounts, we rely on a list of 180 Twitter accounts from BIBREF1. This list was created based on public resources where suspicious Twitter accounts were annotated with the main fake news types (clickbait, pr... | What analysis does the author leave for future work? | They leave a more fine-grained, diachronic analysis of semantic and stylistic features how semantic and stylistic signature evolve across time and change across the accounts' timelines for future work. |
null | false | 24 | There are various types of typology in languages. For example, in English the typology order is subject-verb-object (SVO) order, but in Japanese and Korean the order is subject-object-verb (SOV). We construct a typology-manipulated dataset to examine if the typology order of the training data influences the transfer le... | Whether the typology manipulation on the training set has a significant influence? | No. |
null | false | null | Make me a list of types of pies I can make | You could make a pumpkin, pecan, berry, apple, peach or chocolate pie | |
null | false | 451 | Observation on loss decrease. To study the convergence of Kernel SGD, we first illustrate the trajectories of training loss in Figure. As shown in the figure, L-BFGS gets stuck at the saddle points or local minimum in the early stage. ESGD helps escape the saddle points but fails to converge to a better loss on the tab... | How exactly was the memory of Hessian in L-BFGS and ESGD recorded? | For L-BFGS, we recorded the memory consumption for storing the historical weights and gradients used in L-BFGS. In ESGD, we recorded the memory of the preconditioning matrix. We have added this explanation in the fourth paragraph of Section 4.2. |
null | false | null | Helga Newmark, née Helga Hoflich, (1932–2012) was the first female Holocaust survivor ordained as a rabbi.
She was born in Germany, and was sent to the concentration camps of Westerbork, Bergen-Belsen, and Terezin (known in German as Theresienstadt) in Czechoslovakia. She was freed at the age of twelve, and immigrat... | Which temple was the first female holocaust survivor ordained as a rabbi? | Temple Emanuel in Ridgefield Park, NJ |
null | false | null | Pixar has produced 26 feature films, starting with Toy Story (1995), which is the first fully computer-animated feature film; its most recent film was Lightyear (2022). The studio has also produced many short films. As of July 2019, its feature films have earned approximately $14 billion at the worldwide box office, wi... | List the Pixar movies that have won Academy Awards. | Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), Soul (2020) |
null | false | null | How many players participate in an ultimate frisbee game? | A standard ultimate frisbee game consists of two teams with seven players on each side. Other less popular variations exist, such as beach ultimate frisbee which typically has five players on each team. | |
null | false | null | Moha (Chinese: 膜蛤; pinyin: Mó Há, pronounced [muǒ.xǎ]), literally "admiring toad" or "toad worship", is an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader. It originated among the netizens in mainland China and has become a subculture on the Chinese inter... | What does moha mean | It means toad worship, an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin |
null | false | null | Write a short story about a man who discovers a partially built treehouse. | A man purchased a piece of property and began to explore the land. After some time had passed, the man discovered a partially built treehouse not too far from the ground that would be safe for his children to play in. The man returned home to his workshop to gather wood and tools to complete the treehouse constructio... | |
null | false | null | How can I run Spark on a cluster? | You can use either the standalone deploy mode, which only needs Java to be installed on each node, or the Mesos and YARN cluster managers. If you'd like to run on Amazon EC2, AMPLab provides EC2 scripts to automatically launch a cluster.
Note that you can also run Spark locally (possibly on multiple cores) without any... | |
null | false | null | The Lukaya is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its source is located in the Crystal Mountains (Montagnes de Cristal), from which it runs eastward through Bas-Congo, then runs into the banks of the Ndjili River. The rail line from Matadi to Kinshasa runs along the river valley for a time, passing to the ... | Where is Lukaya River? | The Lukaya is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, originating in the Crystal Mountains and running eastward through Bas-Congo and into the Ndjili River. The Petites Chutes de la Lukaya is a gathering place for tourist activities. |
null | false | null | Carlos Manuel Pereira Pinto (born 3 April 1960), commonly known as Adão, is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a central midfielder.
Club career
Born in Chaves, Vila Real District, Adão started his career with hometown club G.D. Chaves, moving to the Primeira Liga in 1980 with Varzim SC. He appeared in only ... | Tell me about the football career of Adao | Carlos Manuel Pereira Pinto (born 3 April 1960), commonly known as Adao, is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a central midfielder.
Born in Chaves, Vila Real District, Adao started his career with hometown club G.D. Chaves, moving to the Primeira Liga in 1980 with Varzim SC. He appeared in only eight games ... |
1904.00648 | false | null | The performances of the NER experiments are reported separately for three different parts of the system proposed.
Table 6 presents the comparison of the various methods while performing NER on the bot-generated corpora and the user-generated corpora. Results shown that, in the first case, in the training set the F1 sco... | What are their results on the entity recognition task? | The answers are shown as follows:
* With both test sets performances decrease, varying between 94-97%
|
null | false | 146 | Suppose we have a budget INLINEFORM0 which we can allocate to collect extra answers for a subset of visual questions. Our system automatically decides to which visual questions to allocate the “extra" answers in order to maximize captured answer diversity for all visual questions.
The aim of our system is to accrue add... | How does their Answer Collection System collect answers for all N visual questions (Figure 6a)? | First, applies top performing random forest classifier to every visual question in the batch, then ranks the N visual questions based on predicted scores from the classifier, and finally, solicits more (R) human answers for the B visual questions predicted to reflect the greatest likelihood for crowd disagreement and f... |
null | false | null | Provide a 10-step flow for a heterosexual couple's non-religious wedding ceremony. | 1) Bride walks down the aisle
2) Officiant welcomes everyone
3) Officiant thanks the bride and groom's parents and all attendees for being there
4) Officiant recognizes family members who have passed away or could not attend
5) Officiant shares a quick history and their experience with the bride and groom
6) Family mem... | |
null | false | null | What is Kefir? | Kefir is a fermented drink made of milk. It is typically made by placing kefir grains in the milk of cows, goats or sheep, and leaving it to ferment overnight at room temperature. Originally from the North Caucasus, it is now popular across many regions in Eastern Europe. | |
null | false | null | Give me 5 facts about Singapore | * Singapore is a very tiny country that is only 733 km squared.
* In 2022 the estimated population of Singapore was approximately 5,637,000
* The current president (As of April 2023) of Singapore is Halimah Yacob
* The number one religion in Singapore is Buddhism at approx. 31.1%
* The national language of Singapore is... | |
null | false | 103 | Despite the rapid progress of deep learning techniques on diverse supervised learning tasks, these models remain brittle to subtle shifts in the data distribution. Even when the permissible changes are confined to barely-perceptible perturbations, training robust models remains an open challenge. Following the discover... | To what extent do the degrees of freedom that the recognition model supply to an attacker? | Few degrees of freedom. |
null | false | null | The arch is among many in the Devils Garden area in the north of the park. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith who explored the area in the winter of 1933–1934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. The arch can be reached by a 0.8 mi (1.3 km) graded gravel trail.
The Natural Arch a... | What can you tell me about about the Landscape Arch in Arches National Park in Utah? | The Landscape Arch is a natural arch considered the fifth longest natural arch in the world. It is located in the Arches National Park in Utah, USA. You can get to the arch by walking along a low-graded train in the park. The arch has recently lost some of its slabs due to rockfalls. |
null | false | 478 | For each configuration, we calculate the criteria score and the corresponding classification accuracy within the setting in Section 4.2. As shown in Figure 3, in general, accuracy performance is positively related to the proposed criteria in both supervised and unsupervised settings, verifying the correctness of using ... | To which experiment does figure 5 relate? And are all runs run with the same randomized seed? | Thanks for the comments. This part is following Section 4 and thus the setting is consistent with other parts related to the Electricity dataset. All runs were run with the same randomized seed. |
null | false | 183 | Even though machine translation has improved considerably with the advent of neural machine translation (NMT) BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 , the translation of pronouns remains a major issue. They are notoriously hard to translate since they often require context outside the current sentence.
As an example, consider the sentences... | Do the authors extend existing models with parameter tying? | Yes, they do. |
null | false | null | What is a Romance language? | A romance language refers to the language family of languages which are derived from Latin, which are spoken in many areas that were a part of the Ancient Roman empire. | |
null | false | null | What is the difference between a putter and a driver in golf? | In golf, a driver is generally used from the tee box to hit the ball as far as possible at the beginning of a hole. A putter is used when on the green to hit the ball short distances on the ground into the hole. | |
1710.07395 | false | null | Our annotation guidelines are similar to the guidelines used by BIBREF9 . We define hateful speech to be the language which explicitly or implicitly threatens or demeans a person or a group based upon a facet of their identity such as gender, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. The labeling of hateful speech in our corpu... | What is their definition of hate speech? | The answers are shown as follows:
* language which explicitly or implicitly threatens or demeans a person or a group based upon a facet of their identity such as gender, ethnicity, or sexual orientation
|
null | false | null | how long do roasted coffee beans last before you should throw them out? | Freshly roasted coffee beans should be used between two and ten days after roasting. If you use them too soon, they can be bitter and off-gas carbon dioxide. If you use them more than two weeks after roasting, most of the nuance of the flavor is gone due to changes in the chemical composition of the beans. | |
null | false | null | What is Java? | Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support... | |
1703.04617 | false | null | Our baseline model is composed of the following typical components: word embedding, input encoder, alignment, aggregation, and prediction. Below we discuss these components in more details.
FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 1: A high level view of our basic model.
Our baseline model is composed of the following typical components... | what is the architecture of the baseline model? | The answers are shown as follows:
* Our baseline model is composed of the following typical components: word embedding, input encoder, alignment, aggregation, and prediction.
|
null | false | 132 | Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a fundamental task and long-standing challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP), which aims to find the exact sense of an ambiguous word in a particular context BIBREF0. Previous WSD approaches can be grouped into two main categories: knowledge-based and supervised methods.
Knowle... | What is the Word Sense Disambiguation? | Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a fundamental task and long-standing challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP). |
null | false | null | The 34th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a conscripted infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 34th Wisconsin Infantry was composed of men drafted by state authorities under General Order No. 94. The regiment was organized at Madison, Wisconsin, and mustered into Federal servi... | From the passage provided, extract the date when the 34th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was organized. | The 34th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was organized on December 31, 1862. |
2002.06644 | false | null | Baselines and Approach
In this section, we outline baseline models like $BERT_{large}$. We further propose three approaches: optimized BERT-based models, distilled pretrained models, and the use of ensemble methods for the task of subjectivity detection.
Baselines and Approach ::: Baselines
FastTextBIBREF4: It uses bag... | What is the baseline for the experiments? | The answers are shown as follows:
* FastText
* BERT
* two-layer BiLSTM architecture with GloVe word embeddings
|
null | false | null | "Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh)" debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, selling 58,840 downloads in its first week. Lott described her reaction upon learning the song reached number one: "I was in bed at my mum and dad's, where I still live, in Brentwood, Essex. I was on the laptop, and I got a phone call from my A&R m... | Was the Pixie Lott song "Mama Do" ever the #1 single? | "Mama Do" debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart in its first week and also was successful outside the UK, appearing in the Top 10 in Denmark and France and the Top 20 in Ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. The British Phonographic Industry certified it as Silver the same year it was released and upgraded the cer... |
null | false | 187 | Knowledge graphs (KGs) containing relationship triples (subject, relation, object), denoted as (s, r, o), are the useful resources for many NLP and especially information retrieval applications such as semantic search and question answering BIBREF0 . However, large knowledge graphs, even containing billions of triples,... | What data did the authors explore the novel application of capsule networks (CapsNet) on? | Triple-based data. |
null | false | null | Give me a list of the best right point breaks in Southern California | Rincon, Malibu, Trestles | |
1607.03542 | false | null | We demonstrate our approach on the task of answering open-domain fill-in-the-blank natural language questions. By giving open vocabulary semantic parsers direct access to KB information, we improve mean average precision on this task by over 120%.
We demonstrate our approach on the task of answering open-domain fill-in... | What task do they evaluate on? | Fill-in-the-blank natural language questions |
null | false | null | Matthew Scott "Matt" Giraud (born May 11, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and the fifth place finalist of the eighth season of the reality television series American Idol. He was the first recipient of the Judges' Save.
Early life
Giraud was born in Dearborn, Michigan, but was raised in Ypsilanti and... | who is Matt Giraud | Matthew Scott "Matt" Giraud (born May 11, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and the fifth-place finalist of the eighth season of the reality television series American Idol. He is the son of Daniel Giraud and Kami Zoltanski and has a sister, April. He started as a drummer, playing and singing in church ... |
null | false | null | Seven Wonders of the Underwater World | Here's a list of the Seven Wonders of the Underwater World:
- Palau
- Belize Barrier Reef, Belize
- Great Barrier Reef, Australia
- Deep-sea hydrothermal vents (worldwide)
- Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
- Lake Baikal, Russia
- Northern Red Sea, bordered by Saudi Arabia and Yemen on the eastern shore, and Egypt, Sudan, E... | |
1911.07228 | false | null | Table 2 shows our experiments on two models with and without different pre-trained word embedding – KP means the Kyubyong Park’s pre-trained word embeddings and EG means Edouard Grave’s pre-trained word embeddings.
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2. F1 score of two models with different pre-trained word embeddings
Table 2 shows ... | How much better was the BLSTM-CNN-CRF than the BLSTM-CRF? | Best BLSTM-CNN-CRF had F1 score 86.87 vs 86.69 of best BLSTM-CRF |
null | false | 387 | The Transformer BIBREF0 is one of the most commonly used neural network architectures in natural language processing. Layer normalization BIBREF1 plays a key role in Transformer's success. The originally designed Transformer places the layer normalization between the residual blocks, which is usually referred to as the... | What experiments do they conduct? | They conduct a variety of experiments,including IWSLT14 German-English translation, WMT14 English-German translation, and BERT pre-training tasks. |
null | false | null | List three US states whose name begins with C. Then tell me the capital of the first one. | Three US states that begin with C are:
1. California
2. Colorado
3. Connecticut
The state capital of California is Sacramento. | |
null | false | null | What season is the best season to visit Chicago? | The best 90 days of the year in Chicago is summer. The weather is usually always hot! You can run/walk/bike on the lakefront path, rent a boat and go to the "playpen", enjoy a Chicago street festival. Everyone is out and about and it's a marked change from winter. | |
1910.04006 | false | null | The corpus consists of a collection of 2,346 clinical notes (admission notes, progress notes, and discharge summaries), which amounts to 2,372,323 tokens in total (an average of 1,011 tokens per note). All the notes were written in English and extracted from the EHRs of 183 psychosis patients from McLean Psychiatric Ho... | What is the dataset used? | The answers are shown as follows:
* EHRs of 183 psychosis patients from McLean Psychiatric Hospital in Belmont, MA
|
null | false | null | How many countries do the Netherlands share a land border with? | The Netherlands shares a land border with four countries: Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands Antilles. | |
null | false | 125 | While paragraph-level valence analysis is quick and simple, it is sometimes too coarse because we aim to understand the sentiment directed towards the target group, not just nearby in the text. For example, suppose the target group is named “B". A sentence such as “A violently attacked B" would likely have extremely ne... | What frames are used to quantify the amount of agency attributed to a target group? | Connotation Frames |
1612.04675 | false | null | As indicated in its name, Recurrent Deep Stacking Network stacks and concatenates the outputs of previous frames into the input features of the current frame. If we view acoustic models in ASR systems as functions projecting input features to the probability density outputs, we can see the differences between conventio... | What does recurrent deep stacking network do? | Stacks and joins outputs of previous frames with inputs of the current frame |
null | false | null | Douglas Irvin Pederson (born January 31, 1968) is an American football coach and former quarterback who is the head coach for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). Pederson spent most of his 13-season playing career as a backup to Brett Favre on the Green Bay Packers, where he was part of the ... | Retrieve the NFL teams Doug Peterson was affiliated with both as a player and coach in the text | Jacksonville Jaguars, Green Bay Packers, Miami Dolphins, Philadelphia Eagles, Cleveland Browns, Kansas City Chiefs |
null | false | 19 | This paper documents the Team Copenhagen system which placed first in the CoNLL--SIGMORPHON 2018 shared task on universal morphological reinflection, Task 2 with an overall accuracy of 49.87. Task 2 focuses on morphological inflection in context: generating an inflected word form, given the lemma of the word and the co... | What are the three core innovations of the encoder-decoder architecture used in the task? | (1) a wide context window; (2) a multi-task learning approach with the auxiliary task of MSD prediction; (3) training models in a multilingual fashion. |
null | false | null | What is data science? | Data science is a field of study that deals with using mathematics like statistics and large scale computing to build algorithms and models that explain information or predict outcomes and insights from structured, unstructured, and semi-structured. Data scientists spend 80% of their time doing exploratory data analys... | |
null | false | null | What is an office space? | An office space is a room or group of rooms in a building that a company or entity can own or rent for activities such as business activities. Each office space can be a single person work area with a phone, computer, headset, keyboard and mouse. These office space items are use for working and collaborated with othe... | |
null | false | null | How many canals are in Amsterdam? | There are a total of 14 canals in Amsterdam, including the Singel, Herengracht, Keizersgracht, and Prinsengracht canals. | |
1911.13087 | false | null | Two thousand narration files were created. We used Audacity to record the narrations. We used a normal laptop in a quiet room and minimized the background noise. However, we could not manage to avoid the noise of the fan of the laptop. A single speaker narrated the 2000 sentences, which took several days. We set the Au... | How many annotators participated? | 1 |
null | false | null | Caracas (/kəˈrækəs, -ˈrɑːk-/, Spanish: [kaˈɾakas]), officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country, within t... | What is Caracas? | Caracas (/kəˈrækəs, -ˈrɑːk-/, Spanish: [kaˈɾakas]), officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country, within t... |
null | false | null | Following the conquest of North Africa's Mediterranean coastline by the Roman Empire, the area was integrated economically and culturally into the Roman system. Roman settlement occurred in modern Tunisia and elsewhere along the coast. The first Roman emperor native to North Africa was Septimius Severus, born in Leptis... | What caused Africa's integration into the Roman System? | Rome's conquest of North Africa's Mediterranean coastline lead to Africa's integration into the Roman System. |
null | false | null | Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County, Indiana, United States. It is the seventh-largest city in Indiana and the fourth-largest outside the Indianapolis metropolitan area. According to the Monroe County History Center, Bloomington is known as the "Gateway to Scenic Southern Indiana". The city wa... | Based on this paragraph, what might be some appealing things about Bloomington? | Bloomington appears to be a scenic place with natural beauty such as fields of flowers. As the fourth largest city in Indiana outside of Indianapolis, it may be a small and quiet town which may be appealing to those looking for a laid back place to spend time. |
1804.03396 | true | null | As mentioned above, step 1, 2 and 4 in the QA4IE framework can be solved by existing work. Therefore, in this paper, we mainly focus on step 3. According to the recent progress in QA and MRC, deep neural networks are very good at solving this kind of problem with a large-scale dataset to train the network. However, all... | Was this benchmark automatically created from an existing dataset? | No. |
null | false | 252 | Fake News Detection Exist studies for fake news detection can be roughly summarized into two categories. The first category is to extract or construct comprehensive and complex features with manual ways BIBREF5, BIBREF8, BIBREF17. The second category is to automatically capture deep features based on neural networks. T... | What drawback do they solve in their work? | Previous models transmit all shared features in the shared layer to related tasks without distillation, which disturbs specific tasks due to some useless and even harmful shared features. |
null | false | null | What is the best time of the year to visit Paris? | Paris is well known as a global centre of art, culture, fashion, and gastronomy. But what it really stands out for are the amazing landmarks such as Louvre Museum, Eiffel Tower, the Gothic Notre-Dame cathedral, the Versailles palace, or Basilica of Sacre-Coeur. While you will enjoy visiting these any time of the year, ... | |
null | false | 69 | To solve the issues described above, we present Entity2Topic (E2T), a module that can be easily attached to any sequence-to-sequence based abstractive summarization model. E2T encodes the linked entities extracted from the text and transforms them into a single topic vector. This vector is ultimately concatenated to th... | Which two kinds of submodules does the module contain? | The entity encoding submodule with selective disambiguation and the pooling submodule with firm attention. |
1910.13215 | false | null | The recently introduced How2 dataset BIBREF2 has stimulated research around multimodal language understanding through the availability of 300h instructional videos, English subtitles and their Portuguese translations. For example, BIBREF3 successfully demonstrates that semantically rich action-based visual features are... | What dataset was used in this work? | The answers are shown as follows:
* How2
|
null | false | null | The Men's madison competition at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was held on 4 March 2018.
Results
200 laps (50km) with 20 sprints were raced.
Rank Name Nation Laps points Sprint points Total points
1st place, gold medalist(s) Roger Kluge
Theo Reinhardt Germany 20 33 53
2nd place, silver medalist(s) A... | Who won the Men's Madison at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships? | The Men's Madison at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was won by Roger Kluge and Theo Reinhardt of Germany, with a total of 53 points. This was 8 points over their nearest competitors, Albert Torres and Sebastián Mora of Spain, who had 45 points. |
null | false | null | Help me pick a Lego set for my friends. | Lego has different sets for people in different ages. Each set usually has age guidance on the box. For small kids below 3 years old, I would recommend Duplo, because Duplo bricks have bigger size, and won't be swallowed by accident. For kids above 3 years old, but less than 10 years old, I would recommend Lego Classic... | |
null | false | 31 | Single-document summarization is the task of generating a short summary for a given document. Ideally, the generated summaries should be fluent and coherent, and should faithfully maintain the most important information in the source document. purpleThis is a very challenging task, because it arguably requires an in-de... | What is the disadvantage of an abstract approach over a single document summary? | The sentences have a relatively worse performance on fluency and grammar and may end up including misleading or even utterly false statements. |
null | false | null | Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Ford, Higer | Ford is American, Higer is Chinese | |
null | false | null | What are some good sci-fi books I can read? | Dune, Neuromancer, Snow Crash, Foundation, 1984 and Brave New World are all great Science Fiction books. | |
null | false | null | No authentic portrait of William has been found; the contemporary depictions of him on the Bayeux Tapestry and on his seals and coins are conventional representations designed to assert his authority. There are some written descriptions of a burly and robust appearance, with a guttural voice. He enjoyed excellent healt... | Based on the paragraph below, what bone was used to estimate the height of William the Conquerer? | His femur. |
null | false | 200 | Recent studies have shown the vulnerability of ML models to adversarial attacks, small perturbations which lead to misclassification of inputs. Adversarial example generation in NLP BIBREF0 is more challenging than in common computer vision tasks BIBREF1, BIBREF2, BIBREF3 due to two main reasons: the discrete nature of... | Are the authors the first to use a LM for generating adversarial examples? | Yes, they are. |
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