question stringlengths 4 11.7k | answer stringlengths 1 26k | evidence stringlengths 0 37.7k | yes_no bool 2
classes | paper_index int64 0 519 ⌀ | paper_id stringclasses 846
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What is the limitation of Microsoft’s MCTest? | Their scale is not suitable for deep learning without pretraining on other data. | A crucial condition for applying deep-learning techniques is to have a huge amount of data available for training. For question answering this specifically means having a large number of document-question-answer triples available. While there is an unlimited amount of text available, coming up with relevant questions a... | false | 105 | null |
Why are cats better than dogs? | This is a subjective question whose answer depends on individual preferences. There are many reasons that some people prefer cars over dogs. For example, some cats are very affectionate and become very attached to their owners. They have personalities that appeal to some people more than dogs. They also may be easier t... | false | null | null | |
Classify the below numbers into odd or even.
1, 4, 5, 333, 67, 88, 100 | Odd - 1, 5, 333, 67
Even - 4, 88, 100 | false | null | null | |
List the five most important quick keys on a PC | 1. Control C
2. Control V
3. Control Alt Delete
4. Control Print Screen
5. Control z | false | null | null | |
What is the difference between a detail and an Inference | A detail is the words you use to describe something, but an inference is an informational guess. Occasionally you can use details to make an inference | false | null | null | |
Why are there so many different types of cheeses in France? | Cheese production has a long history in France. It is believed that cheese was first introduced into France during Roman times. After the fall of the Roman empire, monasteries continued the production of cheese. Experimentation within the monasteries, regional isolation and differences in climate and vegetation across ... | false | null | null | |
Classify the below places based on whether they are mountains or river.
Everest, Niles, Hudson, Nanga Parbat | Everest, Nanga Parbat - Mountains
Niles, Hudson- River | false | null | null | |
What are their goals in this study? | 1) to assess the contribution of each feature group and 2) to determine the optimal percentile of top ranked features for classifying Twitter tweets in the depression schema hierarchy. | Furthermore, this dataset was encoded with 7 feature groups with associated feature values binarized (i.e., present=1 or absent=0) to represent potentially informative features for classifying depression-related classes. We describe the feature groups by type, subtype, and provide one or more examples of words represen... | false | 52 | null |
Why do people like golf? | Golf is an enjoyable and social sport that one can play for their entire life. People like it because it gives them a chance to be outdoors and enjoy the fresh air. Some golf courses also provide picturesque views of the ocean or the mountains, depending upon their location. This is why one sees lots of golf vacations.... | false | null | null | |
Given this paragraph, extract a list of names that are playable by the user of this game. | 1. Sergeant Gary "Roach" Sanderson
2. Joseph Allen
3. James Ramirez
4. John "Soap" MacTavish
5. An unnamed astronaut | During the single-player campaign, the player controls five different characters from a first-person perspective. The player primarily controls Sergeant Gary "Roach" Sanderson, a British member of an international special forces unit named Task Force 141. In addition to Roach, the player will also assume control of Pri... | false | null | null |
Does my data need to fit in memory to use Spark? | No. Spark's operators spill data to disk if it does not fit in memory, allowing it to run well on any sized data. Likewise, cached datasets that do not fit in memory are either spilled to disk or recomputed on the fly when needed, as determined by the RDD's storage level. | false | null | null | |
Is Dosa a South Indian Food? | A dose, also called dosai, dosey, dwashi, dosa or dosha is a thin pancake in South Indian cuisine made from a fermented batter of ground black lentils and rice.
Dosas originated in South India, but its precise geographical origins are unknown. According to historian P. Thankappan Nair, dosa originated in the town of U... | false | null | null | |
What are the top 4 healthier sodas that I should buy? | If you're looking for a healthier alternative to traditional soda, try the following:
1. La Croix
2. Zevia Soda
3. Olipop
4. Poppi | false | null | null | |
Do they evaluate only on English data? | Yes. | This phase collected tweets using Twitter's Application Programming Interfaces (API) BIBREF43 . Within the Twitter API, diabetes, diet, exercise, and obesity were selected as the related words BIBREF4 and the related health areas BIBREF19 . Twitter's APIs provides both historic and real-time data collections. The latte... | true | null | 1709.07916 |
Give me a list of actresses who won an Oscar in the last 5 years and tell me for which movie they won it. | 1. Michelle Yeoh 2022, Everything Everywhere All At Once
2. Jessica Chastain, 2021, The Eyes of Tammy Faye
3. Frances McDormand, 2020, Nomadland
4. Renée Zellweger, 2019, Judy
5. Olivia Colman, 2018, The Favourite | false | null | null | |
How do I search for a document that I created in Google Drive? I think the document starts with the title Finance Forecast | To search for documents that you own in Google Drive, you can use the `creator:me` operator in your search term. So to search for documents you own that have the words "finance" and "forecast" in them you can use this search string in the search field
`creator:me finance forecast`
If your document is in a Shared Driv... | false | null | null | |
Which modifications do they make to well-established Seq2seq architectures? | Replacing attention mechanism to query-key attention, and adding a loss to make the attention mask as diagonal as possible | Traditional text-to-speech (TTS) systems are composed of complex pipelines BIBREF0 , these often include accoustic frontends, duration model, acoustic prediction model and vocoder models. The complexity of the TTS problem coupled with the requirement for deep domain expertise means these systems are often brittle in de... | false | null | 1903.07398 |
What previous methods is the proposed method compared against? | BLSTM+Attention+BLSTM
Hierarchical BLSTM-CRF
CRF-ASN
Hierarchical CNN (window 4)
mLSTM-RNN
DRLM-Conditional
LSTM-Softmax
RCNN
CNN
CRF
LSTM
BERT | FLOAT SELECTED: Table 4: Comparison results with the previous approaches and our approaches on SwDA dataset.
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 5: Experiment results about the hyperparameter W and P on SwDA dataset and online prediction result. W,P indicate the size of sliding window and context padding length during training and t... | false | null | 2003.06044 |
What is the difference between KBMRC and MRC? | The task of KBMRC differs from machine reading comprehension (MRC) in both input and output aspects. The input of KBMRC is the knowledge including both word knowledge extracted from the document and world knowledge retrieved from external knowledge base, while the input of MRC is the unstructured text of a document. Th... | The task of KBMRC differs from machine reading comprehension (MRC) in both input and output aspects. The input of KBMRC is the knowledge including both word knowledge extracted from the document and world knowledge retrieved from external knowledge base, while the input of MRC is the unstructured text of a document. Th... | false | 9 | null |
What is lucid dream and how can someone learn to do it? | Lucid dreaming is the ability to be consciously awake in your dreams. This allows you to make active decisions in your dreams and even shape the dream world. It is very useful for not just entertainment (e.g. who doesn't like to fly like a bird?) but also for self-help (e.g. practice facing your fears like public speak... | false | null | null | |
Whats the difference between a CPU and RAM? | A CPU is a Centralized Processing Unit that processes data, RAM is Random Access Memory which is used to store temporary data for fast access by the processor. The processor processes the data that is stored in the memory. | false | null | null | |
How many grand slams did Boris Becker win? | Boris Becker won a total of six Grand Slam titles during his career. He won Wimbledon in 1985, 1986 and 1989, the US Open in 1989 and the Australian Open in 1991 and 1996. | false | null | null | |
I'm interested in the interplay between the Q and R terms in Eq. 6. How important is it to have the R to penalize the magnitude of actions? When does it help and hurt? My guess is R might perform some kind of regularization that allows the model to perform better in extrapolation. Can you add a comment describing what ... | This is an excellent point raised by the reviewer; we also think that the R term might act as a regularization that allows the estimator to perform better when faced with trajectories it has not previously seen or in the presence of noise. We tried training our estimator for different magnitudes of R and different amou... | We investigate the effect of penalizing the magnitude of the action ak in the reward function (7). To this effect, we repeat the experiments of Sections 5.1 and 5.2, this time training the RL-ROE using different magnitudes R for the matrix R = RI. When evaluating the performance of the trained RL-ROE, we consider diffe... | false | 511 | null |
How can I decide what bike I should get? | When it comes to bicycles for adults, there are different kinds available in the market. Select a bike based on how you'd like to use it. Bikes can be categorized as follows:
1. Road bikes - These bikes have super thin tires and are often used for biking on roads. These help you attain high speeds relatively quickly.
2... | false | null | null | |
What is meant by "dual federalism," and how is it different from "cooperative federalism"? | Federalism is a system of government where the power is distributed across different levels. In the United States, we have a system with two levels, a federal or national government, and underneath that state governments. Dual federalism is a period between 1819 and 1936 where there was a clear separation of powers be... | false | null | null | |
What does GPT stand for in ChatGPT? | GPT stands for generative pre-trained transformer which is a type of deep neural network model for natural language processing, i.e. large language model (LLM). | false | null | null | |
How is fluency automatically evaluated? | The answers are shown as follows:
* fine-tuned the GPT-2 medium model BIBREF51 on our collected headlines and then used it to measure the perplexity (PPL) on the generated outputs
| Experiments ::: Evaluation Metrics ::: Setup of Automatic Evaluation ::: Language Fluency
We fine-tuned the GPT-2 medium model BIBREF51 on our collected headlines and then used it to measure the perplexity (PPL) on the generated outputs.
Experiments ::: Evaluation Metrics ::: Setup of Automatic Evaluation ::: Language ... | false | null | 2004.01980 |
How does the model perform with a weighted rewards of DAE, NER-P, NER-R and similar RL based training? | A model trained with joint reward (average of DAE/ NER-P/ NER-R) performs comparable to MoFE_weight on DAE-A/S and NER-PS metrics, and obtains ~1.42 points lower NER-recall. Also, joint model performs consistently worse than DAE expert. Note that we haven't tuned reward-weights for joint training. This is particularly ... | The Joint model that uses average of DAE, NER-P and NER-R rewards and trains on data filtered according to all three metrics, perform slightly better than MoFEW on DAE-A/S and NER-PS metric. However, it obtains 1.42 points lower entity recall as well as performs consistently worse than the DAE expert across all metrics... | false | 497 | null |
What are the names of the first three songs from Edmond Leung's The Story of June? | Love Blind (戀愛盲)
Elevator Men (電梯男)
Hey June | The Story of June is a Cantopop album by Edmond Leung.
Track listing:
Love Blind (戀愛盲)
Elevator Men (電梯男)
Hey June
Driven To Distraction (失魂落魄)
Daydream (白日夢)
Romantic (羅曼蒂克)
Y3
Get Away with Miriam Yeung (滾)
The Aftermath (戰後餘生)
The Long Journey (路漫漫) | false | null | null |
What types are most adversarial attack methods for text inputs derived into? | Gradient-based attacks, optimisationbased attacks and model-based attacks. | Most existing adversarial attack methods for text inputs are derived from those for image inputs. These methods can be categorised into three types including gradient-based attacks, optimisation-based attacks and model-based attacks.
Gradient-based attacks are mainly white-box attacks that rely on calculating the gradi... | false | 127 | null |
Classify each of the following as either a brass instrument or a woodwind instrument: flute, euphonium, bassoon, trumpet, clarinet, saxophone, tuba. | Flute: woodwind
Euphonium: brass
Bassoon: woodwind
Trumpet: brass
Clarinet: woodwind
Saxophone: woodwind
Tuba: brass | false | null | null | |
Extract the names of the the Handler family from these passages | Ruth Handler, Barbara Handler, Elliot Handler, Kenneth Handler | Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot... | false | null | null |
What model does the paper introduce? | A model for forecasting conversational events that overcomes both these inherent challenges by processing comments, and their relations, as they happen (i.e., in an online fashion). | “Ché saetta previsa vien più lenta.”
– Dante Alighieri, Divina Commedia, Paradiso
Antisocial behavior is a persistent problem plaguing online conversation platforms; it is both widespread BIBREF0 and potentially damaging to mental and emotional health BIBREF1, BIBREF2. The strain this phenomenon puts on community main... | false | 140 | null |
Classify each of the following as either a fruit or a vegetables: tomato, apple, orange, potato, banana. | Tomato is a fruit. Apple is a fruit. Orange is a fruit. Potato is a vegetable. Banana is a fruit. | false | null | null | |
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Carillon, Rebab | Rebab is string, Carillon is percussion. | false | null | null | |
Where did peanut butter and jelly sandwiches originate? | In 1901, the Boston Cooking School Magazine published the first known reference for a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. This magazine article called for "three very thin layers of bread and two of filling, one of peanut paste, whatever brand you prefer, and currant or crabapple jelly for the other." | The first known reference for a peanut butter and jelly sandwich appeared in the Boston Cooking School Magazine in 1901; it called for "three very thin layers of bread and two of filling, one of peanut paste, whatever brand you prefer, and currant or crabapple jelly for the other", and called it as "so far as I know or... | false | null | null |
What flower does the Netherlands produce most? | The Netherlands produces the most tulips, followed by daffodils and hyacinths. | false | null | null | |
Which NBA player has the most championships in NBA history? | William Felton "Bill" Russell won 11 NBA championships during his 13-year career with the Boston Celtics. | William Felton "Bill" Russell (February 12, 1934 – July 31, 2022) was an American professional basketball player who played as a center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1956 to 1969. A five-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) and a 12-time NBA All-Star, he was the centerpiece of ... | false | null | null |
List the best-known types of Intellectual property. List the results in comma separated format. | patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets | Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The modern concept of intellectual pr... | false | null | null |
What is type 1 diabetes? | Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where beta cells that make insulin are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is required to help regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream. | Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin (beta cells) are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is a hormone required for the cells to use blood sugar for energy and it helps regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream. Before tre... | false | null | null |
The International Booker Prize 2021 was given to whom? | David Diop | false | null | null | |
What linguistic features were probed for? | The answers are shown as follows:
* dependency relation between two words
* word sense
| To formalize what it means for attention matrices to encode linguistic features, we use an attention probe, an analog of edge probing BIBREF11 . An attention probe is a task for a pair of tokens, $(token_i, token_j)$ where the input is a model-wide attention vector formed by concatenating the entries $a_{ij}$ in every ... | false | null | 1906.02715 |
What did this work contribute? | 1. They provide a large challenge dataset of question classification labels for 7,787 standardized science exam questions labeled using a hierarchical taxonomy of 406 detailed problem types across 6 levels of granularity. 2. They empirically demonstrate large performance gains of +0.12 MAP (+13.5% P@1) on science exam ... | Understanding what a question is asking is one of the first steps that humans use to work towards an answer. In the context of question answering, question classification allows automated systems to intelligently target their inference systems to domain-specific solvers capable of addressing specific kinds of questions... | false | 100 | null |
Why did Cato think that Carthage must be destroyed? | Cato felt that Carthage had bounced back too quickly from its defeats in the first two Punic wars, and would have remembered the disastrous defeat at Cannae. He thought that only completely destroying Carthage would remove it as a threat to Rome. | Although Rome was successful in the first two Punic Wars, as it vied for dominance with the seafaring Punic city-state of Carthage in North Africa (now Tunisia), it suffered a number of humiliations and damaging reverses in the course of these engagements, especially at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC. Rome nonetheless ... | false | null | null |
What is the weather like in San Francisco, CA? | The weather in San Francisco is more mild than in the northern climates of the United States, and its seasonal weather pattern is different as well. Throughout the northern climates, there are four distinct seasons, including a warm (often hot and humid) summer and cold winter (with frequent temperatures below freezing... | false | null | null | |
How much music theory knowledge is required to compose music? | Technically speaking, very little music theory knowledge is “required” to compose music. Music theory is, essentially, what musicians have learned over the course of several hundred years about how to write music that is interesting and sounds good. In other words, music theory is there to help you, not hold you back. ... | false | null | null | |
Write a short story about a person who discovers a hidden room in the library. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end. | Once upon a time, there was a librarian named Alice who had been working at the library for many years. She had always been fascinated by the mysterious hidden room in the library, but had never dared to explore it. One day, she decided to take a look inside. As she opened the door, she was shocked to find a room fille... | false | null | null | |
Given this paragraph on Lady Gaga, tell me where she was born, the middle and high school she attended and how she considered herself in high school. | Lady Gaga was born at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City. From age 11 Lady Gaga attended Convent of Sacred Heart, an all-girls Roman Catholic school. In high school she considered herself a misfit. | Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28, 1986, at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, to an upper middle class Catholic family. Both of her parents have Italian ancestry. Her parents are Cynthia Louise (née Bissett), a philanthropist and business executive, and Internet entrepreneur Joseph ... | false | null | null |
What do the authors leave for future work? | The adaption of their architecture and methods for richer inductive biases, such as those given by full syntactic trees (RNNGs; Dyeret al., 2016), or to different pretraining objectives, such as masked language modeling (BERT; Devlinet al., 2018). | We find that exposing cwr-based models to shallow syntax, either through new cwr learning architectures or explicit pipelined features, has little effect on their performance, across several tasks. Linguistic probing also shows that cwrs aware of such structures do not improve task transferability. Our architecture and... | false | 84 | null |
How many Olympic rings are there? | There are five Olympic rings that represent the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. | false | null | null | |
Queen Elizabeth II was crowned at Westminster Abbey on which date? | June 2,1953 | false | null | null | |
Why do the SELQA and SQUAD show similar average question lengths (µq)? | Because the similarity between their annotation schemes. | All corpora provide datasets/splits for answer selection, whereas only (WikiQA, SQuAD) and (WikiQA, SelQA) provide datasets for answer extraction and answer triggering, respectively. SQuAD is much larger in size although questions in this corpus are often paraphrased multiple times. On the contrary, SQuAD's average can... | false | 154 | null |
in which city was the first public opera house opened | Venice | false | null | null | |
What is the difference between a quartz watch and a mechanical watch? | A quartz watch utilizes an electronic mechanism and a quart crystal to provide a highly accurate time of day. A mechanical watch is able to provide an accurate time of day based on a non-electronic mechanism. Instead, a mainspring is used to provide energy to the mechanical mechanism | false | null | null | |
What metrics are used in challenge? | The answers are shown as follows:
* NDCG
* MRR
* recall@k
* mean rank
| For evaluation, the Visual Dialog task employs four metrics. NDCG is the primary metric of the Visual Dialog Challenge which considers multiple similar answers as correct ones. The other three are MRR, recall@k, and mean rank where they only consider the rank of a single answer. Our experiments show the scores of NDCG ... | false | null | 2001.06354 |
How is human evaluation performed? | The answers are shown as follows:
* (1) grammatical correctness
* (2) contextual coherence
* (3) emotional appropriateness
| For human evaluation of the models, we recruited another four English-speaking students from our university without any relationship to the authors' lab to rate the responses generated by the models. Specifically, we randomly shuffled the 100 dialogs in the test set, then we used the first three utterances of each dial... | false | null | 1908.07816 |
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Whistle, Qiftelia | Qiftelia is string, Whistle is percussion. | false | null | null | |
Other than Tanki, how many other known Amerindian settlements are on Aruba? | Three (3). 4 - 1 = 3 | Tanki is Papiamento for "pond", and Leendert is a common surname. An Amerindian village has been discovered near the town measuring 450 by 400 metres. It is one of the four known Amerindian settlements on Aruba. European pottery, pipes and bottles from the 18th century have also been discovered on the same site, sugges... | false | null | null |
What is the main language spoken in South America? | Spanish | false | null | null | |
What was the previous state-of-the-art? | The answers are shown as follows:
* character bigram CNN classifier
| In our paper, we opt for a state-of-the-art character bigram CNN classifier BIBREF4 , and investigate various ways in which the discourse information can be featurized and integrated into the CNN. Specifically,
In our paper, we opt for a state-of-the-art character bigram CNN classifier BIBREF4 , and investigate various... | false | null | 1709.02271 |
What are some good flowers to plant in Hardiness Zone 7? | You can grow a lot of great flowers in Zone 7. For shady areas of your garden, try hostas, lily of the valley, and heuchera. If you have more sun, irises, roses, peonies, and begonias should all do well. | false | null | null | |
What is a smart contract? | A smart contract is a computer program or a transaction protocol that is intended to automatically execute, control or document events and actions according to the terms of a contract or an agreement. The objectives of smart contracts are the reduction of need for trusted intermediators, arbitration costs, and fraud lo... | false | null | null | |
what are capers | Capers are the small flower buds of the Capparis shrub that grows in the Mediterranean. As they're picked by hand, they're fairly pricey, but they're a versatile storecupboard ingredient that's ideal for adding a distinctive sour/salty flavour to many savoury dishes. | false | null | null | |
How do you navigate through a forest? | Enter the forest taking 3 steps forward. Do a side step to the left, to bypass the small tree. Look up to see if you can spot squirrels and birds. Look straight ahead again. Take 6 steps forward. Make a 360 degrees turn to look around, you are in the forest now. Turn to you right and take 4 steps. There is a bench, sit... | false | null | null | |
What dataset is used for this task? | The answers are shown as follows:
* the Pasokh dataset BIBREF42
| We used the Pasokh dataset BIBREF42 that contains 100 Persian news documents each of which is associated with 5 summaries. Each summary consists of several sentences of the original text, selected by a human expert. Some sentences are slightly modified and are not, therefore, an exact copy of any original sentences. Do... | false | null | 1909.02776 |
What should I do if I consume a household cleaner? | You should contact your local poison control who can give you medical advice | false | null | null | |
Who wrote Vande Mataram poem? | Vande Mataram is a poem written in sanskritised Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. The poem was first published in 1882 as part of Chatterjee's Bengali novel Anandmath. | false | null | null | |
Is the dataset introduced by the authors the first dataset for RA-MDS? | Yes, it is. | The goal of multi-document summarization (MDS) is to automatically generate a brief, well-organized summary for a topic which describes an event with a set of documents from different sources. BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 , BIBREF2 , BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 , BIBREF5 , BIBREF6 . In the typical setting of MDS, the input is a set of news... | false | 226 | null |
What data sets did the author experiment with? | MR, SST-2, SST-5, SUBJ and TREC. | One of the most basic approaches to evaluate a sentence encoder is to measure the classification performance with the sentence representations made by the encoder. Thus, we conduct experiments on the following five datasets. (Summary statistics for the datasets are reported in the supplemental materials.)
MR: A group o... | false | 26 | null |
Where did the word supercalifragalistic come from, and what does it mean? | The word originated from the 1964 Disney musical film called Mary Poppins which was written by the Sherman Brothers, and sung by both Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke. The word was made up to as something to say when you really don't have anything to say, but it is also used in other instances when someone wants to desc... | false | null | null | |
Who won the Second World War? | There are no real winners in war, but the Second World War concluded with the liberation of German and Japanese occupied territories by the western allies (primarily the USA and Great Britain) and the Soviet Union. | false | null | null | |
What do they examine in the paper? | The problem of incorporating temporal visual context into a recurrent neural language model (RNNLM). | INLINEFORM0 Work performed while the author was an intern at Google.
Language models are vital components of a wide variety of systems for Natural Language Processing (NLP) including Automatic Speech Recognition, Machine Translation, Optical Character Recognition, Spelling Correction, etc. However, most language model... | false | 180 | null |
How many times did Jorge compete in the Olympics? | Two times | Jorge Rubén García Velazco (born 29 October 1962) is an Argentine windsurfer. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics. | false | null | null |
According to Sanderson's Law of Magic, what is the difference between hard and soft magic? | Hard magic is always strictly constrained by a set of rules which can simulate a more ordered world to the reader, while soft magic if more flexible, has no clearly defined limitations and can be used to imbue a sense of wonder to the reader. | The idea of hard magic and soft magic was popularized by Sanderson for world building and creating magic systems in fictional settings. The terminology of hard and soft originate from hard and soft sciences, which lends itself towards hard science fiction and soft science fiction. Both terms are approximate ways of cha... | false | null | null |
Which model architecture do they for sentence encoding? | Answer with content missing: (Skip-thought vectors-Natural Language Inference paragraphs) The encoder for the current sentence and the decoders for the previous (STP) and next sentence (STN) are typically parameterized as separate RNNs
- RNN | We select the following training objectives to learn general-purpose sentence embeddings. Our desiderata for the task collection were: sufficient diversity, existence of fairly large datasets for training, and success as standalone training objectives for sentence representations.
Multi-task training setup
Our desidera... | false | null | 1804.00079 |
What neural language models are explored? | The answers are shown as follows:
* LSTM-LM
| Since our focus in this paper is an additional loss exploiting negative examples (Section method), we fix the baseline LM throughout the experiments. Our baseline is a three-layer LSTM-LM with 1,150 hidden units at internal layers trained with the standard cross-entropy loss. Word embeddings are 400-dimensional, and in... | false | null | 2004.02451 |
Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: pound, stone, kilogram | pound and stone is imperial, kilogram is metric | false | null | null | |
Is the following statement true or false: cat's have wings? | It is false. Cat's do not have wings. | false | null | null | |
What is the right size brad nail for crown moulding? | In most cases you can use 18-gauge 2-in brad nails. When choosing the correct size nail you want to consider the thickness of the crown moulding, the thickness of the stud and the thickness of your drywall. In most cases your crown moulding will be 1/2 inch with 1/2 inch drywall. At least half of your nail should be ... | false | null | null | |
For Thai sentence segmentation, what are the three metrics that the authors use in their assessment? | Sentence boundary F1 score, non-sentence boundary F1 score, and space correct. | During the evaluation, each task is assessed using different metrics based on previous works. For Thai sentence segmentation, three metrics are used in the evaluation: sentence boundary F1 score, non-sentence boundary F1 score, and space correct BIBREF8 . In this work, we mainly focus on the performance of sentence bou... | false | 141 | null |
How to optimize the pre-training process of BERT? | The authors optimize the pre-training process of BERT by introducing a semantic-enhanced task. | BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) BIBREF14 is a new language representation model, which uses bidirectional transformers to pre-train a large unlabeled corpus, and fine-tunes the pre-trained model on other tasks. BERT has been widely used and shows great improvement on various natural langu... | false | 306 | null |
Who was the last king of the Reach before Aegon's Conquest? | Mern IX Gardener was the last king of the Reach. When the last of the Gardener's lineage died, the house went extinct and the Reach was assigned to House Tyrell to rule. | false | null | null | |
Classify each of the following as a novel or poem: "A Silvia", "L'Infinito" , "I Promessi Sposi" | " A Silvia" is a poem, " L'Infinito" is a poem, " I Promessi Sposi" is a novel | false | null | null | |
Tell me about the career of Erik Dekker | Hendrik "Erik" Dekker (born 21 August 1970) is a retired Dutch professional road racing cyclist active from 1992 until 2006. He was a member of the Rabobank cycling team from 1992 till 2006. From 2007 to 2015 he was one of Rabobank's team managers.
Cycling career
Amateur career
Dekker rode his first race at eight, and... | Hendrik "Erik" Dekker (born 21 August 1970) is a retired Dutch professional road racing cyclist active from 1992 until 2006. He was a member of the Rabobank cycling team from 1992 till 2006. From 2007 to 2015 he was one of Rabobank's team managers.
Cycling career
Amateur career
Dekker rode his first race at eight, and... | false | null | null |
Give me a list of science fiction books that every sci-fi fan should read. | The following books are strongly recommended for any science fiction fan to read:
- The Three Body Problem Trilogy by Cixin Liu
- Dune by Frank Herbert
- The Robot Series by Isaac Asimov
- Foundation Trilogy by Isaac Asimov
- Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card
- A Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams
- The S... | false | null | null | |
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Cave Lion, Sumatran Elephant | Sumatran Elephant is alive, Cave Lion is extinct. | false | null | null | |
What was the first toy to be advertised on television? | Mr Potato Head. | false | null | null | |
Find all of the Amsterdam museums mentioned in the text and put them in a numbered list. | The Amsterdam museums mentioned in this text are:
1. Rijksmuseum
2. Van Gogh Museum
3. Amsterdam Museum
4. Stedelijk Museum
5. Hermitage Amsterdam
6. Anne Frank House
7. Het Scheepvaartmuseum
8. NEMO | Amsterdam's main attractions include its historic canals; the Rijksmuseum, the state museum with a vast collection of Dutch Golden Age art; the Van Gogh Museum; the Dam Square, where the Royal Palace of Amsterdam and former city hall (stadhuis) are located; the Amsterdam Museum; Stedelijk Museum, with modern art; Hermi... | false | null | null |
Which conventional alignment models do they use as guidance? | The answers are shown as follows:
* GIZA++ BIBREF3 or fast_align BIBREF4
| Inspired by the supervised reordering in conventional SMT, in this paper, we propose a Supervised Attention based NMT (SA-NMT) model. Specifically, similar to conventional SMT, we first run off-the-shelf aligners (GIZA++ BIBREF3 or fast_align BIBREF4 etc.) to obtain the alignment of the bilingual training corpus in adv... | false | null | 1609.04186 |
How do I know it is the spring season? | Spring is typically associated with birth and renewal. This is often reflected by weather such as rain and more sunny days than seen in winter. Temperatures often increase. And one can witness new foliage or flower growth, appearance of newborn wildlife, and an increase in bird singing. People often report being happie... | false | null | null | |
Based on the reference paragraph, when was the 149th Boat Race? | April 6, 2003 | The 149th Boat Race took place on 6 April 2003. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford (in dark blue) and Cambridge (in light greenish blue) along a 4.2-mile (6.8 km) tidal stretch of the River Thames in south-west London. The lead changed twice during t... | false | null | null |
Extract out the various endorsements Twice has done and separate them with a comma | Skoolooks,Lotte Duty Free,Spris,Pocari Sweat,Ymobile,Estée Lauder,Bench,Lemona,Nintendo Korea for Mitopia,Scarlett Whitening | Endorsements:
Even before the official debut of Twice, the nine members had signed contracts as exclusive models for school uniform brand Skoolooks, alongside J. Y. Park. By December 2015, Twice had signed ten CF contracts, totaling earnings of KRW1.8 billion. By February 2017, they had one of the fastest growths in t... | false | null | null |
what are ways to improve public speaking skills? | practice, practice, practice! Utilize every opportunity that you can practice, whether a prepared speech or an impromptu one. Effective practices make a big difference. For introverted speakers or who are afraid the stage, the first step is to find a safe and supportive environment to try. Consider joining a toastmaste... | false | null | null | |
Categorize the below types of organisms.
bacteriophages, coccus, bacillus, spiral, coryneform, filamentous | Bacteria - coccus, bacillus, spiral, coryneform, filamentous
Virus - bacteriophages | false | null | null | |
Will the proposed approach achieve similar performance on other datasets e.g. CIFAR10？ | We have added the results of the requested experiments to the submission pdf (in the main paper or in the Appendix) as follows:
Lower norm bound (of 5) (Section A.5). Adversarially trained network (Section A.7). CIFAR10 (Section A.6).
Note also that, as also discussed with reviewer KEn1, the loss-gradient-only ablation... | We again repeat the main untargeted attack experiment, this time using CIFAR-10 as the dataset,
with the target and surrogate networks sourced from https://github.com/akamaster/
pytorch_resnet_cifar10. We use ResNet-110 as the target, and the much simpler ResNet-20 as its single surrogate. The ℓ2 norm bound is again se... | false | 414 | null |
What are labels available in dataset for supervision? | The answers are shown as follows:
* negative
* positive
| Affective events BIBREF0 are events that typically affect people in positive or negative ways. For example, getting money and playing sports are usually positive to the experiencers; catching cold and losing one's wallet are negative. Understanding affective events is important to various natural language processing (N... | false | null | 1909.00694 |
Which training dataset allowed for the best generalization to benchmark sets? | MultiNLI | FLOAT SELECTED: Table 4: Test accuracies (%). For the baseline results (highlighted in bold) the training data and test data have been drawn from the same benchmark corpus. ∆ is the difference between the test accuracy and the baseline accuracy for the same training set. Results marked with * are for the development se... | false | null | 1810.09774 |
Who are the top Presidents of USA | Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and George Washington are most often listed as the three highest-rated presidents among historians.
More recent presidents such as Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton are often rated among the greatest in public opinion polls, but generally do not rank as highly among presidential sc... | false | null | null | |
What is deep learning? | Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on artificial neural networks with representation learning. | Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on artificial neural networks with representation learning. Learning can be supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised.
Deep-learning architectures such as deep neural networks, deep belief networks, deep reinforcement learning, recurrent neu... | false | null | null |
How many paralympics did Paraskevi compete in? | Paraskevi competed in three paralympics. | Paraskevi has competed in three Paralympics competing in the T11 100m, 200m and long jump. Her first games were the 2004 Summer Paralympics in her home country where she won a bronze in the 100m. She was unable to match this in Beijing in the 2008 Summer Paralympics and in London in 2012 Summer Paralympics where she fa... | false | null | null |
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