Conference stringclasses 6 values | Year int64 1.99k 2.03k | Title stringlengths 8 187 | DOI stringlengths 16 32 | Abstract stringlengths 128 7.15k ⌀ | Accessible bool 2 classes | Early bool 2 classes | AuthorNames-Deduped listlengths 1 24 | Award listlengths 0 2 | Resources listlengths 0 5 | ResourceLinks listlengths 0 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vis | 2,004 | TexMol: interactive visual exploration of large flexible multi-component molecular complexes | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.103 | While molecular visualization software has advanced over the years, today, most tools still operate on individual molecular structures with limited facility to manipulate large multicomponent complexes. We approach this problem by extending 3D image-based rendering via programmable graphics units, resulting in an order of magnitude speedup over traditional triangle-based rendering. By incorporating a biochemically sensitive level-of-detail hierarchy into our molecular representation, we communicate appropriate volume occupancy and shape while dramatically reducing the visual clutter that normally inhibits higher-level spatial comprehension. Our hierarchical, image based rendering also allows dynamically computed physical properties data (e.g. electrostatics potential) to be mapped onto the molecular surface, tying molecular structure to molecular function. Finally, we present another approach to interactive molecular exploration using volumetric and structural rendering in tandem to discover molecular properties that neither rendering mode alone could reveal. These visualization techniques are realized in a high-performance, interactive molecular exploration tool we call TexMol, short for Texture Molecular viewer. | false | false | [
"Chandrajit L. Bajaj",
"Peter Djeu",
"Vinay Siddavanahalli",
"Anthony Thane"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | The human visual system: how is its design related to the physics of the natural environment? | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.61 | Summary form only given. The human visual system is the result of evolution by natural selection and hence its design must incorporate detailed knowledge of the physical properties of the natural environment. This is an obvious statement, but the scientific community has been slow to take it seriously. Only recently has there been an increased effort to directly measure the statistical properties of natural scenes and compare them to the design and performance of the human visual system. This work describes some recent studies of the chromatic and geometrical properties of natural materials and natural images, as well as some perceptual and physiological studies designed to test how those physical properties are related to human perceptual mechanisms. | false | false | [
"Wilson S. Geisler"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | The VesselGlyph: focus & context visualization in CT-angiography | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.104 | Accurate and reliable visualization of blood vessels is still a challenging problem, notably in the presence of morphologic changes resulting from atherosclerotic diseases. We take advantage of partially segmented data with approximately identified vessel centerlines to comprehensively visualize the diseased peripheral arterial tree. We introduce the VesselGlyph as an abstract notation for novel focus & context visualization techniques of tubular structures such as contrast-medium enhanced arteries in CT-angiography (CTA). The proposed techniques combine direct volume rendering (DVR) and curved planar reformation (CPR) within a single image. The VesselGlyph consists of several regions where different rendering methods are used. The region type, the used visualization method and the region parameters depend on the distance from the vessel centerline and on viewing parameters as well. By selecting proper rendering techniques for different regions, vessels are depicted in a naturally looking and undistorted anatomic context. This may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment planning of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. In this paper we furthermore present a way of how to implement the proposed techniques in software and by means of modern 3D graphics accelerators. | false | false | [
"Matús Straka",
"Michal Cervenanský",
"Alexandra La Cruz",
"Arnold Köchl",
"Milos Srámek",
"M. Eduard Gröller",
"Dominik Fleischmann"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Topological lines in 3D tensor fields | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.105 | Visualization of 3D tensor fields continues to be a major challenge in terms of providing intuitive and uncluttered images that allow the users to better understand their data. The primary focus of this paper is on finding a formulation that lends itself to a stable numerical algorithm for extracting stable and persistent topological features from 2nd order real symmetric 3D tensors. While features in 2D tensors can be identified as either wedge or trisector points, in 3D, the corresponding stable features are lines, not just points. These topological feature lines provide a compact representation of the 3D tensor field and are essential in helping scientists and engineers understand their complex nature. Existing techniques work by finding degenerate points and are not numerically stable, and worse, produce both false positive and false negative feature points. This work seeks to address this problem with a robust algorithm that can extract these features in a numerically stable, accurate, and complete manner. | false | false | [
"Xiaoqiang Zheng",
"Alex T. Pang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Topology visualization of the optical power flow through a novel C-shaped nano-aperture | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.106 | An ideal visualization tool that has not been used before in studying the optical behavior of near-field apertures is three-dimensional vector field topology. The global view of the vector field structure is deduced by locating singularities (critical points) within the field and augmenting these points with nearby streamlines. We have used for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, three-dimensional topology to analyze the topological differences between a resonant C-shaped nano-aperture and various nonresonant conventional apertures. The topological differences between these apertures are related to the superiority in power throughput of the C-aperture versus conventional round and square sub-wavelength apertures. We demonstrate how topological visualization techniques provide significant insight into the energy enhancement mechanism of the C aperture, and also shed light on critical issues related to the interaction between multiple apertures located in close proximity to each other, which gives rise to cross-talk, for example as a function of distance. Topological techniques allow us to develop design rules for the geometry of these apertures and their desired spot sizes and brightness. The performance of various sub-wavelength apertures can also be compared quantitatively based on their topology. Since topological methods are generically applicable to tensor and vector fields, our approach can be readily extended to provide insight into the broader category of finite-difference-time-domain nano-photonics and nano-science problems. | false | false | [
"Liying Sun",
"Rajesh Batra",
"Xiaolei Shi",
"Lambertus Hesselink"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Tracking of vector field singularities in unstructured 3D time-dependent datasets | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.107 | We present an approach for monitoring the positions of vector field singularities and related structural changes in time-dependent datasets. The concept of singularity index is discussed and extended from the well-understood planar case to the more intricate three-dimensional setting. Assuming a tetrahedral grid with linear interpolation in space and time, vector field singularities obey rules imposed by fundamental invariants (Poincare index), which we use as a basis for an efficient tracking algorithm. We apply the presented algorithm to CFD datasets to illustrate its purpose. We examine structures that exhibit topological variations with time and describe some of the insight gained with our method. Examples are given that show a correlation in the evolution of physical quantities that play a role in vortex breakdown. | false | false | [
"Christoph Garth",
"Xavier Tricoche",
"Gerik Scheuermann"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Vector Wavelet Thresholding for Vector Field Denoising | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.108 | Noise reduction is an important preprocessing step for many visualization techniques that make use of feature extraction. We propose a method for denoising 2-D vector fields that are corrupted by additive noise. The method is based on the vector wavelet transform and wavelet coefficient thresholding. We compare our wavelet-based denoising method with Gaussian filtering, and test the effect of these methods on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the vector fields before and after denoising. We also study the effect on relevant details for visualization, such as vortex measures. The results show that for low SNR, Gaussian filtering with large kernels has a somewhat higher performance than the wavelet-based method in terms of SNR. For larger SNR, the wavelet-based method outperforms Gaussian filtering. This is mostly due to the fact that Gaussian filtering tends to remove small details, which are preserved by the wavelet-based method. | false | false | [
"Michel A. Westenberg",
"Thomas Ertl"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | VisBiz: A Simplified Visualization of Business Operation | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.109 | In this poster, we present a new technique, VisBiz, for interactively visualizing business operations. The basic idea of this technique is to visually mining relationships between important operation parameters (attributes) and to map the parameters into visualizations. VisBiz simplifies the complexity by partitioning the operation into multiple attribute circular graphs. VisBiz allows the analysis of business data as follows: | false | false | [
"Ming C. Hao",
"Daniel A. Keim",
"Umeshwar Dayal"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visibility culling for time-varying volume rendering using temporal occlusion coherence | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.110 | Typically there is a high coherence in data values between neighboring time steps in an iterative scientific software simulation; this characteristic similarly contributes to a corresponding coherence in the visibility of volume blocks when these consecutive time steps are rendered. Yet traditional visibility culling algorithms were mainly designed for static data, without consideration of such potential temporal coherency. We explore the use of temporal occlusion coherence (TOC) to accelerate visibility culling for time-varying volume rendering. In our algorithm, the opacity of volume blocks is encoded by means of plenoptic opacity functions (POFs). A coherence-based block fusion technique is employed to coalesce time-coherent data blocks over a span of time steps into a single, representative block. Then POFs need only be computed for these representative blocks. To quickly determine the subvolumes that do not require updates in their visibility status for each subsequent time step, a hierarchical "TOC tree" data structure is constructed to store the spans of coherent time steps. To achieve maximal culling potential, while remaining conservative, we have extended our previous POP into an optimized POP (OPOP) encoding scheme for this specific scenario. To test our general TOC and OPOF approach, we have designed a parallel time-varying volume rendering algorithm accelerated by visibility culling. Results from experimental runs on a 32-processor cluster confirm both the effectiveness and scalability of our approach. | false | false | [
"Jinzhu Gao",
"Han-Wei Shen",
"Jian Huang 0007",
"James Arthur Kohl"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visual Inspection Methods for Quality Control in Automotive Engineering | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.111 | The automotive industry demands visual support for the verification of the quality of their products from the design phase to the manufacturing phase. This implies the need of tools for measurement planning, programming measuring devices, managing measurement data, and the visual exploration of the measurement results. To improve the quality control throughout the whole process chain an integration of such tools in a platform independent framework is crucial. We present eMMA (enhanced Measure Management Application), a client/server system integrating measurement planning, data management, and straightforward as well as sophisticated visual exploration tools in a single framework. | false | false | [
"Hans Hagen",
"Andreas Disch",
"Jochen Ehret",
"Ralf Klein",
"Sascha Köhn",
"Dirk Zeckzer",
"Michael Münchhofen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualization in grid computing environments | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.112 | Grid computing provides a challenge for visualization system designers. In this research, we evolve the dataflow concept to allow parts of the visualization process to be executed remotely in a secure and seamless manner. We see dataflow at three levels: an abstract specification of the intent of the visualization; a binding of these abstract modules to a specific software system; and then a binding of software to processing and other resources. We develop an XML application capable of describing visualization at the three levels. To complement this, we have implemented an extension to a popular visualization system, IRIS Explorer, which allows modules in a dataflow pipeline to run on a set of grid resources. For computational steering applications, we have developed a library that allows a visualization system front-end to connect to a simulation running remotely on a grid resource. We demonstrate the work in two applications: the dispersion of a pollutant under different wind conditions; and the solution of a challenging numerical problem in elastohydrodynamic lubrication. | false | false | [
"Ken Brodlie",
"David A. Duce",
"Julian Gallop",
"Musbah Shahop Sagar",
"J. P. R. B. Walton",
"Jason D. Wood"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualization of intricate flow structures for vortex breakdown analysis | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.113 | Vortex breakdowns and flow recirculation are essential phenomena in aeronautics where they appear as a limiting factor in the design of modern aircrafts. Because of the inherent intricacy of these features, standard flow visualization techniques typically yield cluttered depictions. The paper addresses the challenges raised by the visual exploration and validation of two CFD simulations involving vortex breakdown. To permit accurate and insightful visualization we propose a new approach that unfolds the geometry of the breakdown region by letting a plane travel through the structure along a curve. We track the continuous evolution of the associated projected vector field using the theoretical framework of parametric topology. To improve the understanding of the spatial relationship between the resulting curves and lines we use direct volume rendering and multidimensional transfer functions for the display of flow-derived scalar quantities. This enriches the visualization and provides an intuitive context for the extracted topological information. Our results offer clear, synthetic depictions that permit new insight into the structural properties of vortex breakdowns. | false | false | [
"Xavier Tricoche",
"Christoph Garth",
"Gordon L. Kindlmann",
"Eduard Deines",
"Gerik Scheuermann",
"Markus Rütten",
"Charles D. Hansen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualization of Nanoparticle Formation in Turbulent Flows | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.114 | In this paper we offer methods for visualization of the formation of nanoparticles in turbulent flows. We present the use of pointillism as a technique to convey the distribution of nanoparticle sizes as texture in an area. We also demonstrate a method of producing and packing spot glyphs representative of the distribution of nanoparticle sizes at every point in the flow to produce an intuitive and extensible framework for the visualization. | false | false | [
"P. Coleman Saunders",
"Sean C. Garrick",
"Victoria Interrante"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualization of salt-induced stress perturbations | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.115 | An important challenge encountered during post-processing of finite element analyses is the visualizing of three-dimensional fields of real-valued second-order tensors. Namely, as finite element meshes become more complex and detailed, evaluation and presentation of the principal stresses becomes correspondingly problematic. In this paper, we describe techniques used to visualize simulations of perturbed in-situ stress fields associated with hypothetical salt bodies in the Gulf of Mexico. We present an adaptation of the Mohr diagram, a graphical paper and pencil method used by the material mechanics community for estimating coordinate transformations for stress tensors, as a new tensor glyph for dynamically exploring tensor variables within three-dimensional finite element models. This interactive glyph can be used as either a probe or a filter through brushing and linking. | false | false | [
"Patricia Crossno",
"David H. Rogers 0001",
"Rebecca M. Brannon",
"David Coblentz"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualization of the Interaction of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions with Adjacent White Matter Fibers Using Streamtubes and Streamsurfaces | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.116 | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that predominantly affects young adults during their most productive years. Pathologically, MS is characterized by the presence of areas of demyelination and T-cell predominant perivascular inflammation in the brain white matter. In order to study the effect of MS lesion on the white matter, we acquire diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data on MS patients and employ streamtubes and streamsurfaces to visualize the DTI data. We also register structural data sets with DTI data sets and generate isosurfaces of the MS lesions and the ventricles. The simultaneous visualization of all the models has the potential to elucidate the complex relationship between the MS lesions, the white matter neural fibers and the affected gray matter regions. | false | false | [
"Song Zhang 0004",
"David H. Laidlaw",
"Jack Simon",
"Mark Brown",
"David Miller"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualization of Topological Defects in Nematic Liquid Crystals Using Streamtubes, Streamsurfaces and Ellipsoids | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.117 | Researchers in computational condensed matter physics deal with complex data sets consisting of time varying 3D tensor, vector, and scalar quantities. Particularly, in the research of topological defects in nematic liquid crystals (LC) displaying the results of the computer simulation of molecular dynamics presents a challenge. Combining existing immersive and interactive visualization methods we developed new methods that attempt to provide a clear, efficient, and intuitive way to visualize and explore LC data. In addition, the visualization of the data has presented us with a novel method of obtaining the locations of the topological defects present in a liquid crystal system. | false | false | [
"Vadim A. Slavin",
"David H. Laidlaw",
"Robert Pelcovits",
"Song Zhang 0004",
"George Loriot",
"Andrew Callan-Jones"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualization of Vortices in Simulated Airflow around Bat Wings During Flight | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.118 | Introduction: We present visualizations that emphasize vortices in simulated airflow around a motion-captured bat model. These visualizations aim to help biologists gain understanding on the mechanics of bat flight. As suggested by our fluid dynamics collaborators, studying the formation and shedding of vortices in the flight of bats will help scientists understand the efficient mechanisms bats employ in generating lift. By understanding bat flight, we hope to make discoveries in areas such as biomechanics, aerodynamics, and evolutionary biology. This work is the time varying extension of R. Weinstein’s simulation and visualization of a still bat [7]. | false | false | [
"Eduardo Hueso",
"Igor Pivkin",
"Sharon Swartz",
"David H. Laidlaw",
"George Em Karniadakis",
"Kenneth Breuer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualizing Botanical Trees over Four Seasons | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.119 | Visualizing the growth process of botanical trees over the spring, summer, fall and winter seasons along with the natural effects of wind, ice and rain on the trees can be a useful tool for scientific research or even artistic display. This paper presents a method for visualizing the growth process of different botanical tree species over the four seasons of a year. The proposed method uses a data model to store a random three-dimensional tree and quickly render it using interactive 3D real-time animation. The tree model contains operations to sprout leaves and grow in the spring and summer, and to change the color of the leaves in the fall, which eventually fall off for the winter. This process can then be repeated interactively to show the full life cycle of a botanical tree. The extension of the system to realistically handle natural weather effects will also be outlined. Tree growth is based on a set of stochastic parameters that can be modified to produce different tree species. Results show efficient real-time animations of realistic looking random botanical trees. | false | false | [
"Derek Bradley"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualizing competitive behaviors in multi-user virtual environments | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.120 | We present a system for enhancing observation of user interactions in virtual environments. In particular, we focus on analyzing behavior patterns in the popular team-based first-person perspective game Return to Castle Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory. This game belongs to a genre characterized by two moderate-sized teams (usually 6 to 12 players each) competing over a set of objectives. Our system allows spectators to visualize global features such as large-scale behaviors and team strategies, as opposed to the limited, local view that traditional spectating modes provide. We also add overlay visualizations of semantic information related to the action that might be important to a spectator in order to reduce the information overload that plagues traditional overview visualizations. These overlays can visualize information about abstract concepts such as player distribution over time and areas of intense combat activity, and also highlight important features like player paths, fire coverage, etc. This added information allows spectators to identify important game events more easily and reveals large-scale player behaviors that might otherwise be overlooked. | false | false | [
"Nate Hoobler",
"Greg Humphreys",
"Maneesh Agrawala"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualizing cortical waves and timing from data | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.121 | Waves are a fundamental mechanism for conveying information in many physical problems. Direct visualization techniques are often used to display wave fronts. However, the information derived from such visualizations may not be as central to an investigation as an understanding of how the location, structure and time course of the wave change as key experimental parameters are varied. In experimental data, these questions are confounded by noise and incomplete data. Recognition of waves in networks of neurons is additionally complicated by the presence of long-range physical connections and recurrent excitation. This work applies visual techniques to analyze the structural details of waves in response data from the turtle visual cortex. We emphasize low-cost visualizations that allow comparisons across neural data sets and variables to reconstruct the choreography for a complex response. | false | false | [
"Kay A. Robbins",
"Mark A. Robinson",
"David M. Senseman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualizing gyrokinetic simulations | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.122 | The continuing advancement of plasma science is central to realizing fusion as an inexpensive and safe energy source. Gryokinetic simulations of plasmas are fundamental to the understanding of turbulent transport in fusion plasma. This work discusses the visualization challenges presented by gyrokinetic simulations using magnetic field line following coordinates, and presents an effective solution exploiting programmable graphics hardware to enable interactive volume visualization of 3D plasma flow on a toroidal coordinate system. The new visualization capability can help scientists better understand three-dimensional structures of the modeled phenomena. Both the limitations and future promise of the hardware-accelerated approach are also discussed. | false | false | [
"David Crawford",
"Kwan-Liu Ma",
"Min-Yu Huang",
"Scott Klasky",
"Stéphane Ethier"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualizing the Energetics of the Dissociation of a Metastable Molecule | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.123 | Introduction Shown in Figure 1 is the simulation of the energetics of the dissociation of a metastable molecule. The simulation was computed by Dr. Robert Wyatt, a Professor of Chemistry at The University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Wyatt’s simulation uses a model molecule composed of two fragments, A and B. Starting from the molecular state AB, the simulation computes the probability that, under any given conditions, AB will dissociate into the separated components A + B. This may seem like a toy problem, but in real life many molecules demonstrate metastable behavior--a propensity to dissociate--and the work that this simulation is doing may ultimately have an impact on studies of the energetics of larger molecules. An important class of these is biomolecular. This work may be particularly applicable to energy transfer problems in biological systems. | false | false | [
"David Guzman",
"Reuben Reyes",
"Karla Vega",
"Kelly P. Gaither",
"Robert Wyatt"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualizing the Evolution of Horned Lizards Using 3D Morphing Techniques | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.124 | Introduction Reconstructing the evolutionary history of diverse species is a basic goal of systematic biology and is essential to comparative biology. Phylogenies representing this history are constructed from the analyses of molecular or morphological data and used as tools for understanding the evolution of complex traits. Objectives of this research are to create visualization tools that dynamically reconstruct horn morphology in three-dimensions (3D) for horned lizards and show how changes occur along a phylogeny via metamorphosis (morphing). These objectives will be met by incorporating results from phylogenetic analyses with ancestral trait reconstructions applied to 3-D images generated from a highresolution x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner. Ancestral reconstruction algorithms are incorporated with nonlinear morphing to accommodate different rates of change along and between lineages. The application of 3-D morphing to systematics and ancestral reconstruction is a novel approach in visualization methods and opens a new realm of collaborative learning and discovery. We believe these tools will provide a greater understanding of how complex traits have evolved by allowing scientists to peer into the past, to see what ancestral states look like, and to visualize changes through time. | false | false | [
"Reuben Reyes",
"Wendy L. Hodges",
"Kelly P. Gaither"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Visualizing Turbulent Flow | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.125 | Introduction The images shown in Figure 1 display a single time step of a turbulent flow simulation computed by Dr. Thomas J. R. Hughes, Professor of Aerospace Engineering, and Victor Calo at The University of Texas at Austin. This research examines how a fluid running over a flat plate suddenly becomes turbulent. The smooth flow seen at the left-hand side of the volume has low-amplitude fluctuations that interact with the smooth, laminar boundary layer of the fluid. As the energy of the fluctuations is convected downward into the boundary layer, there is a sudden explosion of the entire flow into turbulence. The left-most image of Figure 1 displays the left to right nature of the fluid as it passes over the flat plate, showing the turbulent boundary layer. The middle image shows the volumetric flow with sheet of particles inserted at designated locations to show increasing turbulent behavior. The right-most image in Figure 1 is a close up of particle sheets showing local velocity fluctuations inside the turbulent boundary layer. | false | false | [
"Gregory P. Johnson",
"Kelly P. Gaither",
"Victor M. Calo"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Vol-a-Tile - A Tool for Interactive Exploration of Large Volumetric Data on Scalable Tiled Displays | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.126 | We present the current state of Vol-a-Tile, an interactive tool for exploring large volumetric data on scalable tiled displays. Vol-a-Tile presents a variety of features employed by scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography on data collected from the Anatomy of a Ridge-Axis Discontinuity seismic experiment. Hardware texture mapping and level-of-detail techniques provide interactivity. A high-performance network protocol is used to connect remote data sources over high-bandwidth photonic networks. | false | false | [
"Nicholas Schwarz",
"Shalini Venkataraman",
"Luc Renambot",
"Naveen K. Krishnaprasad",
"Venkatram Vishwanath",
"Jason Leigh",
"Andrew E. Johnson 0001",
"Graham Kent",
"Atul Nayak"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Volume refinement fairing isosurfaces | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.127 | We propose an interpolating refinement method for two- and three-dimensional scalar fields defined on hexahedral grids. Iterative fairing of the underlying contours (isosurfaces) provides the function values of new grid points. Our method can be considered as a nonlinear variational subdivision scheme for volumes. It can be applied locally for adaptive mesh refinement in regions of high geometric complexity. We use our scheme to increase the quality of low-resolution data sets and to reduce interpolation artifacts in texture-based volume rendering. | false | false | [
"Martin Hering-Bertram"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 2,004 | Vorticity based flow analysis and visualization for Pelton turbine design optimization | 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.128 | Vorticity is the quantity used to describe the creation, transformation and extinction of vortices. It is present not only in vortices but also in shear flow. Especially in ducted flows, most of the overall vorticity is usually contained in the boundary layer. When a vortex develops from the boundary layer, this can be described by transport of vorticity. For a better understanding of a flow it is therefore of interest to examine vorticity in all of its different roles. The goal of this application study was not primarily the visualization of vortices but of vorticity distribution and its role in vortex phenomena. The underlying industrial case is a design optimization for a Pelton turbine. An important industrial objective is to improve the quality of the water jets driving the runner. Jet quality is affected mostly by vortices originating in the distributor ring. For a better understanding of this interrelation, it is crucial to not only visualize these vortices but also to analyze the mechanisms of their creation. We used various techniques for the visualization of vorticity, including field lines and modified isosurfaces. For field line based visualization, we extended the image-guided streamline placement algorithm of Turk and Banks to data-guided field line placement on three-dimensional unstructured grids. | false | false | [
"Filip Sadlo",
"Ronald Peikert",
"Etienne Parkinson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | A Comparison of the Readability of Graphs Using Node-Link and Matrix-Based Representations | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.1 | In this paper, we describe a taxonomy of generic graph related tasks and an evaluation aiming at assessing the readability of two representations of graphs: matrix-based representations and node-link diagrams. This evaluation bears on seven generic tasks and leads to important recommendations with regard to the representation of graphs according to their size and density. For instance, we show that when graphs are bigger than twenty vertices, the matrix-based visualization performs better than node-link diagrams on most tasks. Only path finding is consistently in favor of node-link diagrams throughout the evaluation | false | false | [
"Mohammad Ghoniem",
"Jean-Daniel Fekete",
"Philippe Castagliola"
] | [
"TT"
] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | A History Mechanism for Visual Data Mining | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.2 | A major challenge of current visualization and visual data mining (VDM) frameworks is to support users in the orientation in complex visual mining scenarios. An important aspect to increase user support and user orientation is to use a history mechanism that, first of all, provides un- and redoing functionality. In this paper, we present a new approach to include such history functionality into a VDM framework. Therefore, we introduce the theoretical background, outline design and implementation aspects of a history management unit, and conclude with a discussion showing the usefulness of our history management in a VDM framework | false | false | [
"Matthias Kreuseler",
"Thomas Nocke",
"Heidrun Schumann"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | A Knowledge Task-Based Framework for Design and Evaluation of Information Visualizations | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.10 | The design and evaluation of most current information visualization systems descend from an emphasis on a user's ability to "unpack" the representations of data of interest and operate on them independently. Too often, successful decision-making and analysis are more a matter of serendipity and user experience than of intentional design and specific support for such tasks; although humans have considerable abilities in analyzing relationships from data, the utility of visualizations remains relatively variable across users, data sets, and domains. In this paper, we discuss the notion of analytic gaps, which represent obstacles faced by visualizations in facilitating higher-level analytic tasks, such as decision-making and learning. We discuss support for bridging the analytic gap, propose a framework for design and evaluation of information visualization systems, and demonstrate its use | false | false | [
"Robert A. Amar",
"John T. Stasko"
] | [
"BP"
] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | A Rank-by-Feature Framework for Unsupervised Multidimensional Data Exploration Using Low Dimensional Projections | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.3 | Exploratory analysis of multidimensional data sets is challenging because of the difficulty in comprehending more than three dimensions. Two fundamental statistical principles for the exploratory analysis are (1) to examine each dimension first and then find relationships among dimensions, and (2) to try graphical displays first and then find numerical summaries (D.S. Moore, (1999). We implement these principles in a novel conceptual framework called the rank-by-feature framework. In the framework, users can choose a ranking criterion interesting to them and sort 1D or 2D axis-parallel projections according to the criterion. We introduce the rank-by-feature prism that is a color-coded lower-triangular matrix that guides users to desired features. Statistical graphs (histogram, boxplot, and scatterplot) and information visualization techniques (overview, coordination, and dynamic query) are combined to help users effectively traverse 1D and 2D axis-parallel projections, and finally to help them interactively find interesting features | false | false | [
"Jinwook Seo",
"Ben Shneiderman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | An Associative Information Visualizer | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.4 | The following item is made available as a courtesy to scholars by the author(s) and Drexel University Library and may contain materials and content, including computer code and tags, artwork, text, graphics, images, and illustrations (Material) which may be protected by copyright law. Unless otherwise noted, the Material is made available for non profit and educational purposes, such as research, teaching and private study. For these limited purposes, you may reproduce (print, download or make copies) the Material without prior permission. All copies must include any copyright notice originally included with the Material. You must seek permission from the authors or copyright owners for all uses that are not allowed by fair use and other provisions of the U.S. Copyright Law. The responsibility for making an independent legal assessment and securing any necessary permission rests with persons desiring to reproduce or use the Material. | false | false | [
"Howard D. White",
"Xia Lin",
"Jan W. Buzydlowski"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | An Evaluation of Microarray Visualization Tools for Biological Insight | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.5 | High-throughput experiments such as gene expression microarrays in the life sciences result in large datasets. In response, a wide variety of visualization tools have been created to facilitate data analysis. Biologists often face a dilemma in choosing the best tool for their situation. The tool that works best for one biologist may not work well for another due to differences in the type of insight they seek from their data. A primary purpose of a visualization tool is to provide domain-relevant insight into the data. Ideally, any user wants maximum information in the least possible time. In this paper we identify several distinct characteristics of insight that enable us to recognize and quantify it. Based on this, we empirically evaluate five popular microarray visualization tools. Our conclusions can guide biologists in selecting the best tool for their data, and computer scientists in developing and evaluating visualizations | false | false | [
"Purvi Saraiya",
"Chris North 0001",
"Karen Duca"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | An Experimental Investigation of Magnification Lens Offset and Its Impact on Imagery Analysis | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.6 | A digital lens is a user interface mechanism that is a potential solution to information mangement problems. We investigated the use of digital lensing applied to imagery analysis. Participants completed three different types of tasks (locate, follow, and compare) using a magnification lens with three different degrees of offset (aligned, adjacent, and docked) over a high-resolution aerial photo. Although no lens offset mode was significantly better than another, most participants preferred the adjacent mode for the locate and compare tasks, and the docked mode for the follow tasks. This paper describes the results of a user study of magnification lenses and provides new insights into preferences of and interactions with digital lensing. | false | false | [
"Erika Darling",
"Chris Newbern",
"Nikhil Kalghatgi",
"Aaron Burgman",
"Kristine Recktenwald"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | ARNA: Interactive Comparison and Alignment of RNA Secondary Structure | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.7 | ARNA is an interactive visualization system that supports comparison and alignment of RNA secondary structure. We present a new approach to RNA alignment that exploits the complex structure of the Smith-Waterman local distance matrix, allowing people to explore the space of possible partial alignments to discover a good global solution. The modular software architecture separates the user interface from computation, allowing the possibility of incorporating different alignment algorithms into the same framework. | false | false | [
"Gerald Gainant",
"David Auber"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Artifacts of the Presence Era: Using Information Visualization to Create an Evocative Souvenir | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.8 | We present Artifacts of the Presence Era, a digital installation that uses a geological metaphor to visualize the events in a physical space over time. The piece captures video and audio from a museum and constructs an impressionistic visualization of the evolving history in the space. Instead of creating a visualization tool for data analysis, we chose to produce a piece that functions as a souvenir of a particular time and place. We describe the design choices we made in creating this installation, the visualization techniques we developed, and the reactions we observed from users and the media. We suggest that the same approach can be applied to a more general set of visualization contexts, ranging from email archives to newsgroups conversations | false | false | [
"Fernanda B. Viégas",
"Ethan Perry",
"Ethan Howe",
"Judith S. Donath"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | BinX: Dynamic Exploration of Time Series Datasets Across Aggregation Levels | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.11 | Many fields of study produce time series datasets, and both the size and number of theses datasets are increasing rapidly due to the improvement of data accumulation methods such as small, cheap sensors and routine logging of events. Humans often fail to comprehend the structure of a long time series dataset because of the overwhelming amount of data and the range of different time scales at which there may be meaningful patterns. BinX is an interactive tool that provides dynamic visualization and manipulation of long time series datasets. The dataset is visualized through user controlled aggregation, augmented by various information visualization techniques. | false | false | [
"Lior Berry",
"Tamara Munzner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Building Highly-Coordinated Visualizations in Improvise | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.12 | Improvise is a fully-implemented system in which users build and browse multiview visualizations interactively using a simple shared-object coordination mechanism coupled with a flexible, expression-based visual abstraction language. By coupling visual abstraction with coordination, users gain precise control over how navigation and selection in the visualization affects the appearance of data in individual views. As a result, it is practical to build visualizations with more views and richer coordination in Improvise than in other visualization systems. Building and browsing activities are integrated in a single, live user interface that lets users alter visualizations quickly and incrementally during data exploration | false | false | [
"Chris E. Weaver"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Capstone Address: Visualization as a Medium for Capturing and Sharing Thoughts | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.13 | null | false | false | [
"Steven F. Roth"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Case Study: Visualizing Visualization | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.14 | In this case study we attempt to visualize a real-world dataset consisting of 600 recently published information visualization papers and their references. This is done by first creating a global layout of the entire graph that preserves any cluster structure present. We then use this layout as a basis to define a hierarchical clustering. The clusters in this hierarchy are labelled using keywords supplied with the dataset, allowing insight into the clusters semantics. | false | false | [
"Frank van Ham"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Clutter Reduction in Multi-Dimensional Data Visualization Using Dimension Reordering | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.15 | Visual clutter denotes a disordered collection of graphical entities in information visualization. Clutter can obscure the structure present in the data. Even in a small dataset, clutter can make it hard for the viewer to find patterns, relationships and structure. In this paper, we define visual clutter as any aspect of the visualization that interferes with the viewer's understanding of the data, and present the concept of clutter-based dimension reordering. Dimension order is an attribute that can significantly affect a visualization's expressiveness. By varying the dimension order in a display, it is possible to reduce clutter without reducing information content or modifying the data in any way. Clutter reduction is a display-dependent task. In this paper, we follow a three-step procedure for four different visualization techniques. For each display technique, first, we determine what constitutes clutter in terms of display properties; then we design a metric to measure visual clutter in this display; finally we search for an order that minimizes the clutter in a display | false | false | [
"Wei Peng",
"Matthew O. Ward",
"Elke A. Rundensteiner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Creating and Managing "Lookmarks" in ParaView | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.16 | This paper describes the integration of lookmarks into the ParaView visualization tool. Lookmarks are pointers to views of specific parts of a dataset. They were so named because lookmarks are to a visualization tool and dataset as bookmarks are to a browser and the World Wide Web. A lookmark can be saved and organized among other lookmarks within the context of ParaView. Then at a later time, either in the same ParaView session or in a different one, it can be regenerated, displaying the exact view of the data that had previously been saved. This allows the user to pick up where they left off, to continue to adjust the view or otherwise manipulate the data. Lookmarks facilitate collaboration between users who wish to share views of a dataset. They enable more effective data comparison because they can be applied to other datasets. They also serve as a way of organizing a user’s data. Ultimately, a lookmark is a time-saving tool that automates the recreation of a complex view of the data. | false | false | [
"Eric T. Stanton",
"W. Philip Kegelmeyer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Distortion-Based Visualization for Long-Term Continuous Acoustic Monitoring | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.17 | Visualizing long-term acoustic data has been an important subject in the field of equipment surveillance and equipment diagnosis. This paper proposes a distortion-based visualization method of long-term acoustic data. We applied the method to 1 hour observation data of electric discharge sound, and our method could visualize the sound data more intelligibly as compared with conventional methods. | false | false | [
"Fujio Tsutsumi",
"Norihiko Itoh",
"Takashi Onoda"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Dynamic Drawing of Clustered Graphs | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.18 | This paper presents an algorithm for drawing a sequence of graphs that contain an inherent grouping of their vertex set into clusters. It differs from previous work on dynamic graph drawing in the emphasis that is put on maintaining the clustered structure of the graph during incremental layout. The algorithm works online and allows arbitrary modifications to the graph. It is generic and can be implemented using a wide range of static force-directed graph layout tools. The paper introduces several metrics for measuring layout quality of dynamic clustered graphs. The performance of our algorithm is analyzed using these metrics. The algorithm has been successfully applied to visualizing mobile object software | false | false | [
"Yaniv Frishman",
"Ayellet Tal"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.19 | The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work | false | false | [
"Michael Granitzer",
"Wolfgang Kienreich",
"Vedran Sabol",
"Keith Andrews",
"Werner Klieber"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | EventScope: Bringing Remote Experience of Mars to the Public through Telepresence | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.20 | Telepresence, experiencing a place without physically being there, offers an important means for the public experience of remote locations such as distant continents or other planets. EventScope presents one such telepresence visualization interface for bringing scientific missions to the public. Currently, remote experience lessons based on NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover missions are being made available through the EventScope framework to museums, classrooms, and the public at large. | false | false | [
"Eben Myers",
"Peter Coppin",
"Michael D. Wagner",
"Karl Fischer",
"Luisa Lu",
"W. Ronald McCloskey",
"David Seneker"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Expand-Ahead: A Space-Filling Strategy for Browsing Trees | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.21 | Many tree browsers allow subtrees under a node to be collapsed or expanded, enabling the user to control screen space usage and selectively drill-down. However, explicit expansion of nodes can be tedious. Expand-ahead is a space-filling strategy by which some nodes are automatically expanded to fill available screen space, without expanding so far that nodes are shown at a reduced size or outside the viewport. This often allows a user exploring the tree to see further down the tree without the effort required in a traditional browser. It also means the user can sometimes drill-down a path faster, by skipping over levels of the tree that are automatically expanded for them. Expand-ahead differs from many detail-in-context techniques in that there is no scaling or distortion involved. We present 1D and 2D prototype implementations of expand-ahead, and identify various design issues and possible enhancements to our designs. Our prototypes support smooth, animated transitions between different views of a tree. We also present the results of a controlled experiment which show that, under certain conditions, users are able to drill-down faster with expand-ahead than without | false | false | [
"Michael J. McGuffin",
"Gord Davison",
"Ravin Balakrishnan"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Exploring and Visualizing the History of InfoVis | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.22 | The exploration and visualization of large information spaces is a challenging task. The provided contest data set for example contains more than 1000 authors of about 600 papers. The basic idea for an effective data exploration is to include the human in the data exploration process and combine the flexibility, creativity, and general knowledge of the human with the enormous storage capacity and the computational power of today’s computers. The key concept of our visualization approach is to visualize the whole dataset to provide a first overview and to provide rapid, incremental, and reversible analysis actions. Our techniques follow the well-known Information Seeking Mantra: overviews first, zoom and filter, and details on demand. All visualizations, actions, and details are tightly coupled using the well-known linking and brushing concepts. | false | false | [
"Daniel A. Keim",
"Helmut Barro",
"Christian Panse",
"Jörn Schneidewind",
"Mike Sips"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Exploring InfoVis Publication History with Tulip | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.23 | We show the structure of the InfoVis publications dataset using Tulip, a scalable open-source visualization system for graphs and trees. Tulip supports interactive navigation and many options for layout. Subgraphs of the full dataset can be created interactively or using a wide set of algorithms based on graph theory and combinatorics, including several kinds of clustering. We found that convolution clustering and small world clustering were particularly effective at showing the structure of the InfoVis publications dataset, as was coloring by the Strahler metric. | false | false | [
"Maylis Delest",
"Tamara Munzner",
"David Auber",
"Jean-Philippe Domenger"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | EZEL: a Visual Tool for Performance Assessment of Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing Network | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.25 | In this paper we present EZEL, a visual tool we developed for the performance assessment of peer-to-peer file-sharing networks. We start by identifying the relevant data transferred in this kind of networks and the main performance assessment questions. Then we describe the visualization of data from two different points of view. First we take servers as focal points and we introduce a new technique, faded cushioning, which allows visualizing the same data from different perspectives. Secondly, we present the viewpoint of files, and we expose the correlations with the server stance via a special scatter plot. Finally, we discuss how our tool, based on the described techniques, is effective in the performance assessment of peer-to-peer file-sharing networks | false | false | [
"Lucian Voinea",
"Alexandru C. Telea",
"Jarke J. van Wijk"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | faMailiar & Intimacy-Based Email Visualization | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.26 | Email has developed into one of the most extensively used computer applications. Email interfaces, on the other hand, have gone through very few transformations since their inception, and as the growing volumes of email data accumulate in users' email boxes, these interfaces fail to provide effective message handling and browsing support. Saved email messages provide not only a vast record of one's electronic past, but also a potential source of valuable insights into the structure and dynamics of one's social network. In this paper, we present faMailiar, a novel email visualization that draws upon email's inherently personal character by using intimacy as a key visualization parameter. The program presents a visualization of email use over time. faMailiar facilitates navigation through large email collections, enabling the user to discover communication rhythms and patterns. | false | false | [
"Mirko Mandic",
"Andruid Kerne"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | GeoTime Information Visualization | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.27 | Analyzing observations over time and geography is a common task but typically requires multiple, separate tools. The objective of our research has been to develop a method to visualize, and work with, the spatial interconnectedness of information over time and geography within a single, highly interactive 3D view. A novel visualization technique for displaying and tracking events, objects and activities within a combined temporal and geospatial display has been developed. This technique has been implemented as a demonstratable prototype called GeoTime in order to determine potential utility. Initial evaluations have been with military users. However, we believe the concept is applicable to a variety of government and business analysis tasks | false | false | [
"Thomas Kapler",
"William Wright"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Histographs: Interactive Clustering of Stacked Graphs | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.28 | Visualization systems must intuitively display and allow interaction with large multivariate data on low-dimensional displays. One problem often encountered in the process is occlusion: the ambiguity that occurs when records from different data sets are mapped to the same display location. For example, because of occlusion summarizing 1000 graphs by simply stacking them one over another is pointless. We solve this problem by adapting the solution to a similar problem in the Information Murals system [2]: mapping the number of data elements at a location to display luminance. Inspired by histograms, which map data frequency to space, we call our solution histographs. By treating a histograph as a digital image, we can blur and highlight edges to emphasize data features. We also support interactive clustering of the data with data zooming and shape-based selection. We are currently investigating alternative occlusion blending schemes. | false | false | [
"Pin Ren",
"Benjamin Watson 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Hypothesis Visualization | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.29 | We have constructed an information visualization tool for understanding complex arguments. The tool enables analysts to construct structured arguments using judicial proof techniques, associate evidence with hypotheses, and set evidence parameters such as relevance and credibility. Users manipulate the hypotheses and their associated inference networks using visualization techniques. Our tool integrates concepts from structured argumentation, analysis of competing hypotheses, and hypothesis scoring with information visualization. It presents new metaphors for visualizing and manipulating structured arguments. | false | false | [
"Diane Cluxton",
"Stephen G. Eick",
"Jie Yun"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | IN-SPIRE InfoVis 2004 Contest Entry | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.37 | This is the first part (summary) of a three-part contest entry submitted to IEEE InfoVis 2004. The contest topic is visualizing InfoVis symposium papers from 1995 to 2002 and their references. The paper introduces the visualization tool IN-SPIRE, the visualization process and results, and presents lessons learned. | false | false | [
"Pak Chung Wong",
"Elizabeth G. Hetzler",
"Christian Posse",
"Mark A. Whiting",
"Susan L. Havre",
"Nick Cramer",
"Anuj R. Shah",
"Mudita Singhal",
"Alan Turner",
"James J. Thomas"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Information Visualization Research: Citation and Co-Citation Highlights | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.38 | An overview of the entry is given. The techniques used to prepare the InfoVis contest entry are outlined. The strengths and weaknesses are briefly discussed. | false | false | [
"Chaomei Chen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | InfoVisExplorer | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.39 | In this paper we briefly describe 3 tools developed to visualize the history of information visualization papers. The visualization consists of a standard 3D scatterplot view enhanced with "bubbles," lines, text, and colors aimed at making comparisons between authors and topics found in the papers. Three components were developed to translate and display raw XML data using OpenGL and Cocoa. We use the visualization tool to perform five tasks and discuss it’s weaknesses. | false | false | [
"Jaroslav Tyman",
"Grant P. Gruetzmacher",
"John T. Stasko"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Interactive Exploration of the AFS File System | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.40 | Managing file systems of large organizations can present significant challenges in terms of the number of users, shared access to parts of the file system, and securing and monitoring critical parts of the file system. We present an interactive exploratory tool for monitoring and viewing the complex relationships within the Andrews File System (AFS). This tool is targeted as an aid to system administrators to manage users, applications and shared access. We tested our tool on UNC Charlotte’s Andrews File System (AFS) file system, which contains 4554 users, 556 user groups, and 2.2 million directories. Two types of visualizations are supported to explore file system relationships. In addition, drill-down features are provided to access the user file system and access control information of any directory within the system. All of the views are linked to facilitate easy navigation. | false | false | [
"Joshua Foster",
"Kalpathi R. Subramanian",
"Robert Herring",
"Gail-Joon Ahn"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Interactive Poster: Visual Mining of Business Process Data | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.41 | Business process data is inherently large and complex, most often too complex to be directly visualized. Usually the business operations consist of many steps and alternatives and every data instance may take a different path through the process. In Figure 1, we show a fraud analysis process schema. Note that this business process is a very simple one; realistic business processes are at least 10 times larger. | false | false | [
"Ming C. Hao",
"Daniel A. Keim",
"Umeshwar Dayal",
"Jörn Schneidewind"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Interactive Visualization Approaches to the Analysis of System Identification Data | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.42 | We propose an interactive visualization approach to finding a mathematical model for a real world process, commonly known in the field of control theory as system identification. The use of interactive visualization techniques provides the modeller with instant visual feedback which facilitates the model validation process. When working interactively with such large data sets, as are common in system identification, methods to handle this data efficiently are required. We are developing approaches based on data streaming to meet this need. | false | false | [
"Jimmy Johansson 0001",
"Patric Ljung",
"David Lindgren",
"Matthew Cooper 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Interactive Visualization of Small World Graphs | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.43 | Many real world graphs have small world characteristics, that is, they have a small diameter compared to the number of nodes and exhibit a local cluster structure. Examples are social networks, software structures, bibliographic references and biological neural nets. Their high connectivity makes both finding a pleasing layout and a suitable clustering hard. In this paper we present a method to create scalable, interactive visualizations of small world graphs, allowing the user to inspect local clusters while maintaining a global overview of the entire structure. The visualization method uses a combination of both semantical and geometrical distortions, while the layout is generated by a spring embedder algorithm using recently developed force model. We use a cross referenced database of 500 artists as a running example | false | false | [
"Frank van Ham",
"Jarke J. van Wijk"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Keynote Address: From Information Visualization to Sensemaking: Connecting the Mind's Eye to the Mind's Muscle | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.44 | Provides an abstract of the keynote presentation and a brief professional biography of the presenter. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. | false | false | [
"Stuart K. Card"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Major Information Visualization Authors, Papers and Topics in the ACM Library | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.45 | The presented work aims to identify major research topics, co-authorships, and trends in the IV Contest 2004 dataset. Co-author, paper-citation, and burst analysis were used to analyze the dataset. The results are visually presented as graphs, static Pajek [1] visualizations and interactive network layouts using Pajek’s SVG output feature. A complementary web page with all the raw data, details of the analyses, and high resolution images of all figures is available online at http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/ref/iv04contest/. | false | false | [
"Weimao Ke",
"Katy Börner",
"Lalitha Viswanath"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Matrix Zoom: A Visual Interface to Semi-External Graphs | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.46 | In Web data, telecommunications traffic and in epidemiological studies, dense subgraphs correspond to subsets of subjects (i.e. users, patients) that share a collection of attributes values (i.e. accessed Web pages, email-calling patterns or disease diagnostic profiles). Visual and computational identification of these "clusters" becomes useful when domain experts desire to determine those factors of major influence in the formation of access and communication clusters or in the detection and contention of disease spread. With the current increases in graphic hardware capabilities and RAM sizes, it is more useful to relate graph sizes to the available screen real estate S and the amount of available RAM M, instead of the number of edges or nodes in the graph. We offer a visual interface that is parameterized by M and S and is particularly suited for navigation tasks that require the identification of subgraphs whose edge density is above certain threshold. This is achieved by providing a zoomable matrix view of the underlying data. This view is strongly coupled to a hierarchical view of the essential information elements present in the data domain. We illustrate the applicability of this work to the visual navigation of cancer incidence data and to an aggregated sample of phone call traffic | false | false | [
"James Abello",
"Frank van Ham"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Metric-Based Network Exploration and Multiscale Scatterplot | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.47 | We describe an exploratory technique based on the direct interaction with a 2D modified scatterplot computed from two different metrics calculated over the elements of a network. The scatterplot is transformed into an image by applying standard image processing techniques resulting into blurring effects. Segmentation of the image allow to easily select patches on the image as a way to extract subnetworks. We were inspired by the work of Wattenberg and Fisher [M. Wattenberg et al. (2003)] showing that the blurring process builds into a multiscale perceptual scheme, making this type of interaction intuitive to the user. We explain how the exploration of the network can be guided by the visual analysis of the blurred scatterplot and by its possible interpretations | false | false | [
"Yves Chiricota",
"Fabien Jourdan",
"Guy Melançon"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | MonkEllipse: Visualizing the History of Information Visualization | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.48 | In this paper, we describe the process and result of creating a visualization to capture the past 10 years of history in the field of Information Visualization, as part of the annual InfoVis Conference Contest. We began with an XML file containing data provided by the contest organizers, scrubbed and augmented the data, and created a database to hold the information. We designed a visualization and implemented it using Flash MX 2004 Professional with ActionScript 2.0, PHP, and PostgreSQL. The resulting visualization provides an overview of the field of Information Visualization, and allows users to see the connections between areas of the field, particular researchers, and documents. | false | false | [
"Tzu-Wei Hsu",
"Lee Inman",
"Dave McColgin",
"Kevin Stamper"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Non-Euclidean Spring Embedders | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.49 | We present a method by which force-directed algorithms for graph layouts can be generalized to calculate the layout of a graph in an arbitrary Riemannian geometry. The method relies on extending the Euclidean notions of distance, angle, and force-interactions to smooth nonEuclidean geometries via projections to and from appropriately chosen tangent spaces. In particular, we formally describe the calculations needed to extend such algorithms to hyperbolic and spherical geometries | false | false | [
"Stephen G. Kobourov",
"Kevin Wampler"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | One-For-All: Visualization of the Information Visualization Symposia | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.50 | We developed our own tool to visualize the history of the Infovis Symposiums. We call our tool “One-For-All”, because we want to generate one image to at once answer all four tasks of the contest effectively (though not necessarily optimally). Furthermore, we designed the tool to be intuitive, that is, we would like the user to immediately make sense of the visualization, even without a legend or a user guide. These are ambitious goals, but we believe that a good visualization should meet these criteria. Much preprocessing was needed before visualization. First, we have to coalesce the keywords, for example, we manually group “hierarchy” and “hierarchies” as the same keyword. Next, we find the most important keywords, with the most number of papers. We use these keywords as research areas within information visualization. We also notice that many of the 2002 papers do not have keywords, so we have to manually insert keywords according to their titles. We are not allowed to look up external information, that is, we cannot find their actual keywords from the publication. Next, we re-arrange the areas using MDS such that those areas with the most cross-references are placed near to one another. Since there is so much data, we find the important papers/authors, according to how much they are cited, and we emphasize them in our visualization. In the overview visualization of Figure 2, we show a lot of information, for example, (1) important keywords and all the papers under them, (2) related research areas (eg. graph is next to hierarchies), (3) citations, (4) important authors, (5) important papers, and (6) important external papers. A key design feature is that all these very different information can be visualized clearly in one single display. The way this is achieved is through color-coding, so that if any user is interested in any particular information, he/she just has to focus attention on that color. For example, if you focus on the cyan words, you see all the first authors, and everything else fades away (try it out yourself!). The important papers are represented by bigger circles according to how many citations they have within Infovis. Their titles are also labelled. The two most important papers also have their citations highlighted. In this way, the important papers are immediately visible. We can see that the top two papers are both in the earliest year (1995), and they are also in two very different topics, since they only have two common papers refer to them. The layout consists of vertical grey columns of research areas within Infovis. The areas that contain more papers are thicker and are labelled with darker text. We can clearly see that the most important area is “hierarchies” and this area contains many recent papers. “Graph drawing” particularly has many papers in 2001. “Information retrieval” has many papers early in 1995, but no papers in recent years. Adjactent to “Information retrieval” is “Information analysis”, which has many papers from 1996 to 1999. This is interesting because analyisis logically follows retrieval, so it makes sense. | false | false | [
"Soon Tee Teoh",
"Kwan-Liu Ma"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Paint Inspired Color Mixing and Compositing for Visualization | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.52 | Color is often used to convey information, and color compositing is often required while visualizing multiattribute information. This paper proposes an alternative method for color compositing. In order to present understandable color blending to the general public, several techniques are proposed. First, a paint-inspired RYB color space is used. In addition, noise patterns are employed to produce subregions of pure color within an overlapped region. We show examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique for visualization | false | false | [
"Nathan Gossett",
"Baoquan Chen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | PhylloTrees: Harnessing Nature's Phyllotactic Patterns for Tree Layout | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.53 | We explore the use of nature’s phyllotactic patterns to inform the layout of hierarchical data. These naturally occurring patterns provide a non-overlapping, optimal packing when the total number of nodes is not known a priori. We present a family of expandable tree layouts based on these patterns. | false | false | [
"Sheelagh Carpendale",
"Anand Agarawala"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | RankSpiral: Toward Enhancing Search Results Visualizations | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.56 | This paper addresses the problem of how to enable users to visually explore and compare large sets of documents that have been retrieved by different search engines or queries. The Rank-Spiral enables users to rapidly scan large numbers of documents and their titles in a single screen. It uses a spiral mapping that maximizes information density and minimizes occlusions. It solves the labeling problem by exploiting the structure of the special spiral mapping used. Focus+Context interactions enable users to examine document clusters or groupings in more detail. | false | false | [
"Anselm Spoerri"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | RecMap: Rectangular Map Approximations | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.57 | In many application domains, data is collected and referenced by its geospatial location. Nowadays, different kinds of maps are used to emphasize the spatial distribution of one or more geospatial attributes. The nature of geospatial statistical data is the highly nonuniform distribution in the real world data sets. This has several impacts on the resulting map visualizations. Classical area maps tend to highlight patterns in large areas, which may, however, be of low importance. Cartographers and geographers used cartograms or value-by-area maps to address this problem long before computers were available. Although many automatic techniques have been developed, most of the value-by-area cartograms are generated manually via human interaction. In this paper, we propose a novel visualization technique for geospatial data sets called RecMap. Our technique approximates a rectangular partition of the (rectangular) display area into a number of map regions preserving important geospatial constraints. It is a fully automatic technique with explicit user control over all exploration constraints within the exploration process. Experiments show that our technique produces visualizations of geospatial data sets, which enhance the discovery of global and local correlations, and demonstrate its performance in a variety of applications | false | false | [
"Roland Heilmann",
"Daniel A. Keim",
"Christian Panse",
"Mike Sips"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Resource Systems Reference Database | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.58 | This interactive poster proposes a novel, explorative way to browse a database containing links to resource systems-related information online. Our approach is an illustrative one, and draws on our combined backgrounds in computer science, graphic and interaction design, sustainability, community organization, and urban design. The data visualized in our prototype was collected by students in the course Sustainable Habits, which Lauren Dietrich taught at Stanford University during Winter 2004. | false | false | [
"David Lu",
"Lauren Dietrich"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Rethinking Visualization: A High-Level Taxonomy | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.59 | We present the novel high-level visualization taxonomy. Our taxonomy classifies visualization algorithms rather than data. Algorithms are categorized based on the assumptions they make about the data being visualized; we call this set of assumptions the design model. Because our taxonomy is based on design models, it is more flexible than existing taxonomies and considers the user's conceptual model, emphasizing the human aspect of visualization. Design models are classified according to whether they are discrete or continuous and by how much the algorithm designer chooses display attributes such as spatialization, timing, colour, and transparency. This novel approach provides an alternative view of the visualization field that helps explain how traditional divisions (e.g., information and scientific visualization) relates and overlap, and that may inspire research ideas in hybrid visualization areas | false | false | [
"Melanie Tory",
"Torsten Möller"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Steerable, Progressive Multidimensional Scaling | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.60 | Current implementations of multidimensional scaling (MDS), an approach that attempts to best represent data point similarity in a low-dimensional representation, are not suited for many of today's large-scale datasets. We propose an extension to the spring model approach that allows the user to interactively explore datasets that are far beyond the scale of previous implementations of MDS. We present MDSteer, a steerable MDS computation engine and visualization tool that progressively computes an MDS layout and handles datasets of over one million points. Our technique employs hierarchical data structures and progressive layouts to allow the user to steer the computation of the algorithm to the interesting areas of the dataset. The algorithm iteratively alternates between a layout stage in which a subselection of points are added to the set of active points affected by the MDS iteration, and a binning stage which increases the depth of the bin hierarchy and organizes the currently unplaced points into separate spatial regions. This binning strategy allows the user to select onscreen regions of the layout to focus the MDS computation into the areas of the dataset that are assigned to the selected bins. We show both real and common synthetic benchmark datasets with dimensionalities ranging from 3 to 300 and cardinalities of over one million points | false | false | [
"Matt Williams",
"Tamara Munzner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | TextPool: Visualizing Live Text Streams | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.63 | In today's fast-paced world it is becoming increasingly difficult to stay abreast of the public discourse. With the advent of hundreds of closed-captioned cable channels and internet-based channels such as news feeds, blogs, or email, knowing the "buzz" is a particular challenge. TextPool addresses this problem by quickly summarizing recent content in live text streams. The summarization is a dynamically changing textual collage that clusters related terms. We tested TextPool with the content of several RSS newswire feeds, which are updated roughly every five minutes. TextPool was able to handle this bandwidth well, and produced useful summarizations of feed content. | false | false | [
"Conrad Albrecht-Buehler",
"Benjamin Watson 0001",
"David A. Shamma"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | The InfoVis Toolkit | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.64 | This article presents the InfoVis toolkit, designed to support the creation, extension and integration of advanced 2D information visualization components into interactive Java swing applications. The InfoVis toolkit provides specific data structures to achieve a fast action/feedback loop required by dynamic queries. It comes with a large set of components such as range sliders and tailored control panels required to control and configure the visualizations. These components are integrated into a coherent framework that simplifies the management of rich data structures and the design and extension of visualizations. Supported data structures currently include tables, trees and graphs. Supported visualizations include scatter plots, time series, parallel coordinates, treemaps, icicle trees, node-link diagrams for trees and graphs and adjacency matrices for graphs. All visualizations can use fisheye lenses and dynamic labeling. The InfoVis toolkit supports hardware acceleration when available through Agile2D, an implementation of the Java graphics API based on OpenGL, achieving speedups of 10 to 200 times. The article also shows how new visualizations can be added and extended to become components, enriching visualizations as well as general applications | false | false | [
"Jean-Daniel Fekete"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Time-Varying Data Visualization Using Information Flocking Boids | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.65 | This research demonstrates how principles of self-organization and behavior simulation can be used to represent dynamic data evolutions by extending the concept of information flocking, originally introduced by Proctor & Winter (1998), to time-varying datasets. A rule-based behavior system continuously controls and updates the dynamic actions of individual, three-dimensional elements that represent the changing data values of reoccurring data objects. As a result, different distinguishable motion types emerge that are driven by local interactions between the spatial elements as well as the evolution of time-varying data values. Notably, this representation technique focuses on the representation of dynamic data alteration characteristics, or how reoccurring data objects change over time, instead of depicting the exact data values themselves. In addition, it demonstrates the potential of motion as a useful information visualization cue. The original information flocking approach is extended to incorporate time-varying datasets, live database querying, continuous data streaming, real-time data similarity evaluation, automatic shape generation and more stable flocking algorithms. Different experiments prove that information flocking is capable of representing short-term events as well as long-term temporal data evolutions of both individual and groups of time-dependent data objects. An historical stock market quote price dataset is used to demonstrate the algorithms and principles of time-varying information flocking | false | false | [
"Andrew Vande Moere"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Topological Fisheye Views for Visualizing Large Graphs | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.66 | Graph drawing is a basic visualization tool. For graphs of up to hundreds of nodes and edges, there are many effective techniques available. At greater scale, data density and occlusion problems often negate its effectiveness. Conventional pan-and-zoom, and multiscale and geometric fisheye views are not fully satisfactory solutions to this problem. As an alternative, we describe a topological zooming method. It is based on the precomputation of a hierarchy of coarsened graphs, which are combined on the fly into renderings with the level of detail dependent on the distance from one or more foci. We also discuss a related distortion method that allows our technique to achieve constant information density displays | false | false | [
"Emden R. Gansner",
"Yehuda Koren",
"Stephen C. North"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Tracking User Interactions Within Visualizations | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.67 | We present a model and prototype system for tracking user interactions within a visualization. The history of the interactions are exposed to the user in a way that supports non-linear navigation of the visualization space. The interactions can be augmented with annotations, which, together with the interactions, can be shared with other users and applied to other data in a seamless way. The techniques constitute a novel approach for documenting information provenance. | false | false | [
"Dennis P. Groth",
"Benjamin W. Murphy"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Uncovering Clusters in Crowded Parallel Coordinates Visualizations | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.68 | The one-to-one strategy of mapping each single data item into a graphical marker adopted in many visualization techniques has limited usefulness when the number of records and/or the dimensionality of the data set are very high. In this situation, the strong overlapping of graphical markers severely hampers the user's ability to identify patterns in the data from its visual representation. We tackle this problem here with a strategy that computes frequency or density information from the data set, and uses such information in parallel coordinates visualizations to filter out the information to be presented to the user, thus reducing visual clutter and allowing the analyst to observe relevant patterns in the data. The algorithms to construct such visualizations, and the interaction mechanisms supported, inspired by traditional image processing techniques such as grayscale manipulation and thresholding are also presented. We also illustrate how such algorithms can assist users to effectively identify clusters in very noisy large data sets | false | false | [
"Almir Olivette Artero",
"Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira",
"Haim Levkowitz"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Understanding Eight Years of InfoVis Conferences Using PaperLens | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.69 | We present PaperLens, a visualization that reveals connections, trends, and activity throughout the InfoVis conference community for the last 8 years. It tightly couples views across papers, authors, and references. This paper describes how we analyzed the data, the strengths and weaknesses of PaperLens, and interesting patterns and relationships we have discovered using PaperLens. | false | false | [
"Bongshin Lee",
"Mary Czerwinski",
"George G. Robertson",
"Benjamin B. Bederson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | User Experiments with Tree Visualization Systems | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.70 | This paper describes a comparative experiment with five well-known tree visualization systems, and Windows Explorer as a baseline system. Subjects performed tasks relating to the structure of a directory hierarchy, and to attributes of files and directories. Task completion times, correctness and user satisfaction were measured, and video recordings of subjects' interaction with the systems were made. Significant system and task type effects and an interaction between system and task type were found. Qualitative analyses of the video recordings were thereupon conducted to determine reasons for the observed differences, resulting in several findings and design recommendations as well as implications for future experiments with tree visualization systems | false | false | [
"Alfred Kobsa"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Value and Relation Display for Interactive Exploration of High Dimensional Datasets | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.71 | Traditional multidimensional visualization techniques, such as glyphs, parallel coordinates and scatterplot matrices, suffer from clutter at the display level and difficult user navigation among dimensions when visualizing high dimensional datasets. In this paper, we propose a new multidimensional visualization technique named a value and relation (VaR) display, together with a rich set of navigation and selection tools, for interactive exploration of datasets with up to hundreds of dimensions. By explicitly conveying the relationships among the dimensions of a high dimensional dataset, the VaR display helps users grasp the associations among dimensions. By using pixel-oriented techniques to present values of the data items in a condensed manner, the VaR display reveals data patterns in the dataset using as little screen space as possible. The navigation and selection tools enable users to interactively reduce clutter, navigate within the dimension space, and examine data value details within context effectively and efficiently. The VaR display scales well to datasets with large numbers of data items by employing sampling and texture mapping. A case study on a real dataset, as well as the VaR displays of multiple real datasets throughout the paper, reveals how our proposed approach helps users interactively explore high dimensional datasets with large numbers of data items | false | false | [
"Jing Yang 0001",
"Anilkumar Patro",
"Shiping Huang",
"Nishant K. Mehta",
"Matthew O. Ward",
"Elke A. Rundensteiner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | VIM: A Framework for Intelligence Analysis | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.72 | Intelligence analysts receive thousands of facts from a variety of sources. In addition to the bare details of the fact — a particular person, for example — each fact may have provenance, reliability, weight, and other attributes. Each fact may also be associated with other facts, e.g. that one person met another at a particular location. The analyst’s task is to examine a huge collection of such loosely-structured facts, and try to "connect the dots" to perceive the underlying and unknown causes — and their possible future courses. We have designed and implemented a Java platform called VIM to support intelligence analysts in their work. | false | false | [
"Alan Keahey",
"Kenneth C. Cox"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Visual Browsing of Remote and Distributed Data | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.73 | Data repositories around the world hold many thousands of data sets. Finding information from these data sets is greatly facilitated by being able to quickly and efficiently browse remote data sets. In this note, we introduce the Iconic Remote Visual Data Exploration tool(IRVDX), which is a visual data mining tool used for exploring the features of remote and distributed data without the necessity of downloading the entire data set. IRVDX employs three kinds of visualizations: one provides a reduced representation of the data sets, which we call Dataset Icons. These icons show the important statistical characteristics of data sets and help to identify relevant data sets from distributed repositories. Another one is called the Remote Dataset Visual Browser that provides visualizations to browse remote data without downloading the complete data set to identify its content. The final one provides visualizations to show the degree of similarity between two data sets and to visually determine whether a join of two remote data sets will be meaningful. | false | false | [
"Parthasarathy Krishnaswamy",
"Stephen G. Eick",
"Robert L. Grossman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Visualizing and Interacting with Multi-Tree Hierarchical Data | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.74 | This work focuses on visualizing highly cyclic hierarchical data. A user interface is discussed and its interaction is illustrated using a recipe database example. This example showcases a database with multiple categories for each recipe (database entry). | false | false | [
"Mahnas Jean Mohammadi-Aragh",
"T. J. Jankun-Kelly"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Visualizing E-mail with a Semantically Zoomable Interface | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.75 | We introduce a semantically zoomable interface that displays emails as interactive objects rather than files containing lines of text, as in traditional e-mail interfaces. In this system, e-mails are displayed as node objects called e-mail nodes within a 2.5-dimensional world. The e-mail nodes are semantically zoomable and each may be rearranged to different locations within the plane to organize threads, topics, or projects. The prototype for this system was built using the Piccolo toolkit, the successor of Pad++ and Jazz [2, 3]. | false | false | [
"Ellen Diep",
"Robert J. K. Jacob"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | Visualizing High Dimensional Datasets Using Partiview | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.76 | A standard method of visualizing high-dimensional data is reducing its dimensionality to two or three using some algorithm, and then creating a scatterplot with data represented by labelled and/or colored dots. Two problems with this approach are (1) dots do not represent data well, (2) reducing to just three dimensions does not make full use of several dimensionality-reduction algorithms. We demonstrate how Partiview can be used to solve these problems, in the context of handwriting recognition and image retrieval. | false | false | [
"Dinoj Surendran",
"Stuart Levy"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,004 | WilmaScope Graph Visualisation | 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.77 | Our visualisation of the IEEE InfoVis citation network is based on 3D graph visualisation techniques. To make effective use of the third dimension we use a layered approach, constraining nodes to lie on parallel planes depending on parameters such as year of publication or link degree. Within the parallel planes nodes are arranged using a fast force-directed layout method. A number of clusters representing different research areas were identified using a self organising map approach. | false | false | [
"Adel Ahmed",
"Tim Dwyer",
"Colin Murray",
"Le Song",
"Ying Xin Wu"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,004 | A Botanically Inspired High-Dimensional Visualization with Multivariate Glyphs | 10.2312/VisSym/VisSym04/231-236 | It is difficult for the average viewer to assimilate and comprehend huge amounts of high-dimensional data. It is important to present data in a way that allows the user a high level understanding of the overall organization and structure without losing the ability to study low level detail as needed. Although hierarchically clustered data is already organized, many current means of presenting such data give the user little more than an overview of the organization. It would be useful to see more information about the data even at a high level and to examine specific clusters as needed. We want to understand the relationships of the clusters in terms of the underlying data, and to understand the extent and variability of the data without requiring examination of each data item. To meet these goals, we present an aesthetically appealing visualization based on botanical trees which preserves the natural order of hierarchically organized data. Hierarchical data is rendered as a simple branched tree. The tree gives an overview of the relationships among various clusters and is supplemented with two glyphs which allow the user to focus in on specific clusters of the data at different levels of detail. At a medium level of focus, a cluster glyph based on a radial, space filling approach shows the subtree rooted at a specified cluster. At a low level of detail, the branch glyph allows the viewer to see not only aggregate information about the cluster but the extent and variability of the component clusters. | false | false | [
"Eleanor Boyle Chlan",
"Penny Rheingans"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,004 | A Cluster-Space Visual Interface for Arbitrary Dimensional Classification of Volume Data | 10.2312/VisSym/VisSym04/017-024 | In volume visualization, users typically specify transfer functions to classify the data and assign visual attributes to each material class. Higher-dimensional classification makes it easier to differentiate material classes since more data properties are considered. One of the difficulties in using higher-dimensional classification is the absence of appropriate user interfaces. We introduce an intuitive user interface that allows the user to work in the cluster space, which shows the material classes with a set of material widgets, rather than work in the transfer function space. This interface not only provides the user the capability to specify arbitrary-dimensional transfer functions, but also allows the user to operate directly on the classification and visualization results. | false | false | [
"Fan-Yin Tzeng",
"Kwan-Liu Ma"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,004 | Accuracy Evaluation of Different Centerline Approximations of Blood Vessels | 10.2312/VisSym/VisSym04/115-120 | Accurate determination of the vessel axis is a prerequisite for automated visualization and quantification of artery diseases. This paper presents an evaluation of different methods for approximating the centerline of the vessel in a phantom simulating the peripheral arteries. Six algorithms were used to determine the centerline of a synthetic peripheral arterial vessel. They are based on: ray casting using thresholds and maximum gradient-like stop criterion, pixel motion estimation between successive images called block matching, center of gravity and shape based segmentation. The Randomized Hough Transform and ellipse fitting have been used as shape based segmentation techniques. Since in the synthetic data set the centerline is known, an estimation of the error can be calculated in order to determine the accuracy achieved by a given method. | false | false | [
"Alexandra La Cruz"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,004 | Adaptive Volume Construction from Ultrasound Images of a Human Heart | 10.2312/VisSym/VisSym04/321-330 | We present a volume modelling approach based on sequences of two-dimensional ultrasound images. Though generally applicable to arbitrary freehand ultrasound, our method is designed for the reconstruction of timevarying volumes from ultrasound images of a human heart. Since the reliability of the reconstructed data depends very much on the spatial density of ultrasound images, we apply a hierarchical modelling approach. The volume produced for each time step is represented as adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) data such that regions of low reliability in the reconstructed volume can be recognized by their coarse resolution. | false | false | [
"Gerd Reis",
"Martin Bertram 0001",
"Rolf Hendrik van Lengen",
"Hans Hagen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,004 | Auralization I: Vortex Sound Synthesis | 10.2312/VisSym/VisSym04/193-200 | Auralization is the process of extracting and displaying meaningful information in the form of sound from data. Through not only visualization but also auralization, users may have better understandings of the data, especially when it is visually complicated. In this work, a field auralization technique is introduced, which objective is at the sound synthesis from field information represented as 3D time-varying volume data. Our technique takes a hybrid approach between parameter mapping and direct simulation. During preprocessing, acoustic strengths are computed at each vertex at each time step of volume data. During interaction, users navigate within the volume space and audio frames are computed by integrating the radiations from the sources. A number of problems inherent in this problem and our solutions are discussed. | false | false | [
"Youngin Shin",
"Chandrajit L. Bajaj"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,004 | Boundary Switch Connectors for Topological Visualization of Complex 3D Vector Fields | 10.2312/VisSym/VisSym04/183-192 | One of the reasons that topological methods have a limited popularity for the visualization of complex 3D flow fields is the fact that their topological structures contain a number of separating stream surfaces. Since these stream surfaces tend to hide each other as well as other topological features, for complex 3D topologies the visualizations become cluttered and hardly interpretable. One solution of this problem is the recently introduced concept of saddle connectors which treats separation surfaces emanating from critical points. In this paper we extend this concept to separation surfaces starting from boundary switch curves. This way we obtain a number of particular stream lines called boundary switch connectors. They connect either two boundary switch curves or a boundary switch curve with a saddle. We discuss properties and computational issues of boundary switch connectors and apply them to topologically complex flow data. | false | false | [
"Tino Weinkauf",
"Holger Theisel",
"Hans-Christian Hege",
"Hans-Peter Seidel"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,004 | Browsing and Visualizing Digital Bibliographic Data | 10.2312/VisSym/VisSym04/237-242 | Access to publications is provided by conventional libraries, digital libraries operated by learned societies or commercial publishers, and a huge number of web sites maintained by the scientists themselves or their institutions. But comprehensive meta-indices in combination with a helpful graphical user interface for this increasing number of information sources are missing for most areas of science.
Our DBLP (Digital Bibliography & Library Project) Computer Science Bibliography is a major service used by thousands of computer scientists. It provides fundamental support for scientists searching for publications or other scientists in similar communities. For better assistance we developed a new browser prototype which has a user-friendly interface and plays a central role in the search and browsing of the data. The DBL-Browser provides smart search functions and several textual and graphical visualization models. This paper gives an overview of some important research issues within the field of bibliographical information retrieval and visualization. After introducing the whole framework, the DBL-Browser itself and various visualization models are described. | false | false | [
"Stefan Klink",
"Michael Ley",
"Emma Rabbidge",
"Patrick Reuther",
"Bernd Walter",
"Alexander Weber 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,004 | Case Study: Visual Analysis of Complex, Time-Dependent Simulation Results of a Diesel Exhaust System | 10.2312/VisSym/VisSym04/091-096 | In previous work we have presented visualization techniques that provide engineers with a high degree of interactivity and flexibility for analyzing large, time-dependent, and high-dimensional data sets resulting from CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations. In this case study we apply our techniques in the fields of the automotive engineering industry and demonstrate how users benefit from using them during their routine analysis, as well as for exploring new phenomena. For coping with some of the special requirements in this application, we adapted and extended parts of the system. A comparison of two related cases of a diesel exhaust system is presented, and some important questions about these cases are addressed. | false | false | [
"Helmut Doleisch",
"Michael Mayer",
"Martin Gasser",
"Roland Wanker",
"Helwig Hauser"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,004 | Case Study: Visualization of annotated DNA sequences | 10.2312/VisSym/VisSym04/109-114 | DNA sequences and their annotations form ever expanding data sets. Proper explorations of such data sets require new tools for visualization and analysis. In this case study, we have defined the requirements for a visualization tool for annotated DNA sequences. We have implemented these requirements in a new and flexible tool for browsing and comparing annotated DNA sequences interactively and in real-time. The use of standard information visualization techniques, such as linked windows, perspective walls, and smooth interaction, enables genome researchers to obtain better insight in large DNA data sets in an effective, efficient, and attractive way. | false | false | [
"Tim H. J. M. Peeters",
"Huub van de Wetering",
"Mark W. E. J. Fiers",
"Jarke J. van Wijk"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,004 | DTI Visualization with Streamsurfaces and Evenly-Spaced Volume Seeding | 10.2312/VisSym/VisSym04/173-182 | Experimental evidence has shown that water diffusion is anisotropic in organized tissues such as white matter or muscles. Diffusion Tensor Imaging is a non-invasive MR technique that measures water diffusion. DTI is used to visualize linear structures such as fibers. In this paper, we present a visualization tool for DTI data. A new algorithm to visualize linear structures in areas of crossing or converging fibers is presented. Usually the user defines an area from where the fibers are generated. In this way, the user can miss part of the information, if the area is not correctly defined. We present a method to visualize the structures in the whole volume with an evenly-spaced distance between them. Some results obtained by our partners using the DTI tool will be presented. | false | false | [
"Anna Vilanova",
"G. Berenschot",
"Carola van Pul"
] | [] | [] | [] |
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