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Local cross-border disease surveillance and control: experiences from the Mekong Basin | BACKGROUND: The Mekong Basin Disease Surveillance cooperation (MBDS) is one of several sub-regional disease surveillance networks that have emerged in recent years as an approach to transnational cooperation for infectious disease prevention and control. Since 2003 MBDS has pioneered a unique model for local cross-bord... |
Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A By‐proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach | The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has a drastic impact on national health care systems. Given the overwhelming demand on facility capacity, the impact on all health care sectors has to be addressed. Solid organ transplantation represents a field with a high demand on staf... |
Heat sensitivity of a SARS‐associated coronavirus introduced into plasma products | Background and Objectives Various measures to inactivate/remove viruses have been implemented for manufacturing plasma‐derived products. Here, we examined the heat inactivation ability of an agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), SARS coronavirus (CoV). Materials and Methods The Frankfurt‐1 strain of SA... |
Recommendations for Management of Acute Pharyngitis in Adults | Abstract Acute pharyngitis in adults is one of the most common infectious diseases seen in general practitioners’ consultations. Viral aetiology is the most common. Among bacterial causes, the main agent is Streptococcus pyogenes or group A β-haemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), which causes 5%–30% of the episodes. In the... |
Fluorescent linear polyurea based on toluene diisocyanate: easy preparation, broad emission and potential applications | In contrast to conventional fluorescent polymers featured by large conjugation structures, a new class of fluorescent polymers without above conjugations are gaining constant interest owing to their significant academic importance and promising applications in diverse fields. These unconventional fluorescent polymers a... |
X-Ray Structure and Inhibition of 3C-like Protease from Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that infects pigs and can have mortality rates approaching 100% in piglets, causing serious economic impact. The 3C-like protease (3CL(pro)) is essential for the coronaviral life cycle and is an appealing target for the development of therapeutics. We report the e... |
Regulating epidemic space: the nomos of global circulation | After the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2002, legal theorist David Fidler diagnosed the arrival of the ‘first post-Westphalian pathogen’. The coinage indicates that the spread of infectious disease transforms the spatial coordinates of the modern political environment. This article analyses this ... |
Glycyrrhizin inhibits highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in human macrophages | Hypercytokinaemia is thought to contribute to highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus disease. Glycyrrhizin is known to exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and therefore a candidate drug for the control of H5N1-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression. Here, the effects of an approved parenteral glycy... |
New concepts in antimalarial use and mode of action in dermatology | ABSTRACT: Although chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and quinacrine were originally developed for the treatment of malaria, these medications have been used to treat skin disease for over 50 years. Recent clinical data have confirmed the usefulness of these medications for the treatment of lupus erythematosus. Current re... |
Public Health in Big Cities: Looking Back, Looking Forward | This commentary provides reflections of a public health official on the important role public health departments play in advancing the goals of the larger public health enterprise in big cities, counties, and large metropolitan areas. |
An analysis of the ethics of lockdown in India | Over the past 6 months, coronavirus-induced disease (COVID-19) has spread across 212 countries, affecting millions of people. As it has no known cure, social distancing is highly recommended for prevention of spread of the disease. Here, we have described the impact of the social distancing measures implemented by the ... |
The remarkable adaptability of syndromic surveillance to meet public health needs | Abstract The goal of syndromic surveillance is the earlier detection of epidemics, allowing a timelier public health response than is possible using traditional surveillance methods. Syndromic surveillance application for public health purposes has changed over time and reflects a dynamic evolution from the collection,... |
Virtual Management of Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Web-Based Questionnaire Study | BACKGROUND: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, patients with cancer in rural settings and distant geographical areas will be affected the most by curfews. Virtual management (telemedicine) has been shown to reduce health costs and improve access to care. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this survey is to understa... |
Is varicella zoster virus really involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis? | |
A Crucial Role for Infected-Cell/Antibody Immune Complexes in the Enhancement of Endogenous Antiviral Immunity by Short Passive Immunotherapy | Antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent promising therapeutics. However, most mAbs-based immunotherapies conducted so far have only considered the blunting of viral propagation and not other possible therapeutic effects independent of virus neutralization, namely the modulation of the endogenous immune respons... |
Anesthesiologists’ and Intensive Care Providers’ Exposure to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in a New York City Academic Center: A Prospective Cohort Study Assessing Symptoms and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Antibody Testing | Protecting first-line health care providers against work-related Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection at the onset of the pandemic has been a crucial challenge in the United States. Anesthesiologists in particular are considered at risk, since aerosol-generating procedures, such as intubation and extubation, h... |
Acute Respiratory Decompensation Requiring Intubation in Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) | There is a current paucity of information about the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in North America. Data from China suggest that pregnant women with COVID-19 have favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes, with rare cases of critical illness or respirator... |
COVID-19 Pneumonia Mimicking Immunotherapy-Induced Pneumonitis on (18)F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient Under Treatment With Nivolumab | Within a few months, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with more than 2 million patients infected and a high mortality rate. Early detection of COVID-19 in oncologic patients is crucial in order to rapidly apply isolation measures and avoid nosocomial spread. However, early diagnosis may be chal... |
Risk, uncertainty, and leverage() | Using mostly theoretical models and traditional risk/uncertainty measures (VIX index, panic, precaution, scary bad news, etc.), the current literature tries to clarify the risk/uncertainty-deleveraging pattern. The findings are not sufficient to explain the dynamic empirical relationship between modern risk/uncertainty... |
What is the Role of Respiratory Viruses in Community Acquired Pneumonia; What is the Best Therapy for Influenza and Other Viral Causes of CAP? | Respiratory viruses including influenza have long been appreciated as a cause of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), particularly among children, people with serious medical co-morbidities and military recruits. They are increasingly recognized as a cause of CAP among adults, particularly older adults. Polymerase chain... |
Respiratory Virus Infections in Adults with Hematologic Malignancies: A Prospective Study | During a 2-year period, 157 consecutive episodes of respiratory virus infections that occurred in 130 patients with upper or lower respiratory tract infection were analyzed for respiratory viruses. A respiratory virus was identified in 75 episodes (48%), and several viruses were found in 13 episodes: there were a total... |
The Ubiquitin/Proteasome System Mediates Entry and Endosomal Trafficking of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus in Endothelial Cells | Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, mediates diverse cellular functions including endocytic transport of molecules. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), an enveloped herpesvirus, enters endothelial cells primarily through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Whether ubiquitination and proteasome act... |
Stopping Clinical Trials in Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic is not a Responsible Act | The intense competition for resources to combat COVID-19 has greatly reduced access to health care for patients with other diseases. After the disastrous overrun of hospitals through COVID-19 patients in some jurisdictions, availability of resources for “elective” medical procedures including care for the chronically i... |
Catastrophe In Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies | Abstract Disasters often occur without warning and have the potential to affect large numbers of people. Those in the radiology environment experience unique effects on them, their equipment, and their ability to provide quality patient care. Lessons can be learned by reviewing events and their impact on imaging depart... |
Corrigendum to “Coronavirus Disease-19: The First 7,755 Cases in the Republic of Korea” [Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(2):85–90] | [This corrects the article on p. 85 in vol. 11, PMID: 32257774.]. |
Managing head and neck cancer patients with tracheostomy or laryngectomy during the COVID‐19 pandemic | Head and neck cancer patients with tracheostomies and laryngectomies, as well as their healthcare providers, face unique challenges in the context of the current COVID‐19 pandemic. This document consolidates best available evidence to date and presents recommendations to minimize the risks of aerosolization and SARS‐Co... |
Human B cell memory | Following an immune response two types of differentiated B cells persist in the memory pool: plasma cells, which confer immediate protection by the secretion of specific antibodies; and memory B cells, which confer rapid and enhanced response to secondary challenge. We will review recent advances in understanding the h... |
Real-Time Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for SARS-associated Coronavirus | A real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to rapidly detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The assay, based on multiple primer and probe sets located in different regions of the SARS-CoV genome, could discriminate SARS-CoV from oth... |
Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A Narrative Review | Abstract Aims Rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases world-wide has made diabetes an important comorbidity in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We sought to review the risk, severity and mortality in COVID-19 and its relation to glycemic control and role of anti-diabetic agents in patients with d... |
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia without evidence of antecedent viral upper respiratory infection | BACKGROUND: USA300 community-associated (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains causing necrotizing pneumonia have been reported in association with antecedent viral upper respiratory tract infections (URI). METHODS: A case series of necrotizing pneumonia presenting as a primary or coprimary inf... |
Epidemiological control measures and predicted number of infections for SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Case Study Serbia March-April 2020 | BACKGROUND: In this paper, we are studying the response of the Serbian government and health authorities to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the early stage of the local outbreak between Mar. 15(th) and Apr. 15(th), 2020 by predictive numerical models. Such a study should be helpful to access the effectiveness of measures co... |
Supporting Clinicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic | The COVID-19 pandemic has upended clinicians' sense of order and control, creating the potential for stress in the short term and burnout over the long term. This commentary offers suggestions to encourage a culture that will sustain the clinician workforce during the pandemic. |
Potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies in the management of severe COVID-19 | In view of dysregulated immune response, cytokine storm and inflammation-induced severe lung damage in severely ill COVID-19 patients, we propose that CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cell-based therapies could be considered for the patient management. |
Knowledge and awareness of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus among Saudi and Non-Saudi Arabian pilgrims | OBJECTIVE: The current study was intended to evaluate the knowledge and awareness toward Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) of pilgrims from Saudi Arabia and from different Arabian countries. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted among pilgrims from Saudi Arabia and those from other Arab natio... |
Brain Meta-Transcriptomics from Harbor Seals to Infer the Role of the Microbiome and Virome in a Stranding Event | Marine diseases are becoming more frequent, and tools for identifying pathogens and disease reservoirs are needed to help prevent and mitigate epizootics. Meta-transcriptomics provides insights into disease etiology by cataloguing and comparing sequences from suspected pathogens. This method is a powerful approach to s... |
Nitric oxide and virus infection | Nitric oxide (NO) has complex and diverse functions in physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. The mechanisms of many events induced by NO are now well defined, so that a fundamental understanding of NO biology is almost established. Accumulated evidence suggests that NO and oxygen radicals such as superoxide a... |
Structural and biochemical characterization of SADS‐CoV papain‐like protease 2 | Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS‐CoV) is a novel coronavirus that is involved in severe diarrhea disease in piglets, causing considerable agricultural and economic loss in China. The emergence of this new coronavirus increases the importance of understanding SADS‐CoV as well as antivirals. Coronaviral pr... |
Saprolegnia australis R. F. Elliott 1968 infection in Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) eggs and its control with herb extracts | In order to control saprolegniosis in Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) eggs, it is important to screen herb extracts as potential anti‐Saprolegnia drugs in Prussian carp hatcheries. For this purpose, an oomycete water mould (strain SC) isolated from Prussian carp [Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)] eggs suf... |
B Cells and Antibodies in Kawasaki Disease | The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD), the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, is currently unknown. Epidemiology supports a relationship of KD to an infectious disease. Several pathological mechanisms are being considered, including a superantigen response, direct invasion by an infectious etiology or... |
H1N1pdm Influenza Infection in Hospitalized Cancer Patients: Clinical Evolution and Viral Analysis | BACKGROUND: The novel influenza A pandemic virus (H1N1pdm) caused considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide in 2009. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical course, duration of viral shedding, H1N1pdm evolution and emergence of antiviral resistance in hospitalized cancer patients with severe H1N1... |
Low Transmission Risk of 9 Asymptomatic Carriers Tested Positive for both SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid and Serum IgG | • Asymptomatic carriers (RT-PCR+ and serum IgG+) are unable to transmit virus. • Such a low transmission risk might be partly associated with high Ct values. • A new pattern in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients might have emerged. |
Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies Are Detected by Synthetic Antibody in Ciliated Bronchial Epithelium during Acute Kawasaki Disease | BackgroundIn developed nations, Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children. An infectious etiology is likely but has not yet been identified. We have previously reported that oligoclonal immunoglobulin A plasma cells infiltrate acute KD tissues and that synthetic KD antibodies ... |
A Model of Support for Families of Children With Autism Living in the COVID-19 Lockdown: Lessons From Italy | Italy has been the European country most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic to date and has been in social lockdown for the longest period of time compared to other countries outside China. Almost overnight, Italian behavior analysts were faced with the challenge of setting up remotely whole-family systems aimed at main... |
Feasibility and acceptability of an oral pathology asynchronous tele-mentoring intervention: A protocol | Introduction: Oral cancer remains prevalent, despite being largely preventable. The widespread use of technology at chairside, combined with advances in electronic health record (EHR) capabilities, present opportunities to improve oral cancer screening by dentists, especially for disadvantaged patients with severe heal... |
An Invited Commentary on “The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review” | |
Analytical detection of 9(4)-O-acetylated sialoglycoproteins and gangliosides using influenza C virus | Abstract The unique glycoprotein of influenza C virus, designated hemagglutinin (HEF), exhibits three functions: hemagglutination, esterase activity, and fusion factor. As the virus uses 9-O-acetylated sialic acid as a high-affinity receptor determinant for attachment to cells, its binding activity was used to reveal O... |
Cross-sectional survey on public health informatics workforce in China: issues, developments and the future | Abstract Objective To explore the current situation and issues related to the development of the public health informatics (PHI) workforce in provincial and prefectural centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) in China, and to describe the corresponding strategies to address these issues for the future. Study ... |
The Landscape of Risk Communication Research: A Scientometric Analysis | Risk communication is a significant research domain with practical importance in supporting societal risk governance and informed private decision making. In this article, a high-level analysis of the risk communication research domain is performed using scientometrics methods and visualization tools. Output trends and... |
COVID-19 Serological Tests: How Well Do They Actually Perform? | In only a few months after initial discovery in Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 and the associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have become a global pandemic causing significant mortality and morbidity and implementation of strict isolation measures In the absence of vaccines and effective therapeutics, reliable serolo... |
CRISPR Editing in Biological and Biomedical Investigation | The revolutionary technology for genome editing known as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)‐CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has sparked advancements in biological and biomedical research. The scientific breakthrough of the development of CRISPR‐Cas9 technology has allowed us... |
An assessment of the level of concern among hospital-based health-care workers regarding MERS outbreaks in Saudi Arabia | BACKGROUND: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). More than 80% of reported cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia, with a mortality exceeding 50%. Health-care workers (HCWs) are at risk of acquiring and transmitting this virus, so the concerns of HCWs in Saudi Arabia regarding ... |
Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / HCoV-19) using whole genomic data | The outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Up to 29 February 2020, SARS-CoV-2 (HCoV-19 / 2019-nCoV) had infected more than 85 000 people in the world. In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFlu(TM) database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human ... |
Purifying Selection Can Obscure the Ancient Age of Viral Lineages | Statistical methods for molecular dating of viral origins have been used extensively to infer the time of most common recent ancestor for many rapidly evolving pathogens. However, there are a number of cases, in which epidemiological, historical, or genomic evidence suggests much older viral origins than those obtained... |
Antibiotic resistance as a global threat: Evidence from China, Kuwait and the United States | BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance is an under-appreciated threat to public health in nations around the globe. With globalization booming, it is important to understand international patterns of resistance. If countries already experience similar patterns of resistance, it may be too late to worry about internationa... |
Induction of interferon by virus glycoprotein(s) in lymphoid cells through interaction with the cellular receptors via lectin-like action: An alternative interferon induction mechanism | When animals and cells are infected with a virus, interferon is produced. Viral-nucleic acid is considered to be one of actual components for interferon induction. In addition, viral glycoproteins trigger interferon induction in lymphoid cells by membrane-membrane interaction via a lectin-like activity. A biological si... |
Comparison of lentiviruses pseudotyped with S proteins from coronaviruses and cell tropisms of porcine coronaviruses | The surface glycoproteins of coronaviruses play an important role in receptor binding and cell entry. Different coronaviruses interact with their specific receptors to enter host cells. Lentiviruses pseudotyped with their spike proteins (S) were compared to analyze the entry efficiency of various coronaviruses. Our res... |
Functional pangenome analysis suggests inhibition of the protein E as a readily available therapy for COVID-2019 | The spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a global emergency, that demands urgent solutions for detection and therapy to prevent escalating health, social and economic impacts. The spike protein (S) of this virus enables binding to the human receptor ACE2, and hence presents a prime target for vacc... |
Upregulation of CD47 Is a Host Checkpoint Response to Pathogen Recognition | It is well understood that the adaptive immune response to infectious agents includes a modulating suppressive component as well as an activating component. We now show that the very early innate response also has an immunosuppressive component. Infected cells upregulate the CD47 “don’t eat me” signal, which slows the ... |
Lung function and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness 11 years after hospitalization for bronchiolitis | Aim: Atopic infants hospitalized for wheezing not caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) carry the highest risk for later asthma. In the present paper, early risk factors for later lung function abnormalities and for bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (BHR) were evaluated in 81 children, hospitalized for bronchiolitis... |
Laboratory Changes Consistent with Feline Infectious Peritonitis in Cats from Multicat Environments | The present study describes the prevalence of haematological and electrophoretic changes consistent with the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats without FIP living in six multicat environments with different prevalence of FIP and of other diseases. The results allow designing haematological and ele... |
When time drags | The coronavirus pandemic is making life feel very slow, but observing timescales across the universe can bring us some comfort, writes Chanda Prescod-Weinstein |
Understanding Fc Receptor Involvement in Inflammatory Diseases: From Mechanisms to New Therapeutic Tools | Fc receptors (FcRs) belong to the ITAM-associated receptor family. FcRs control the humoral and innate immunity which are essential for appropriate responses to infections and prevention of chronic inflammation or auto-immune diseases. Following their crosslinking by immune complexes, FcRs play various roles such as mo... |
Risk Factors for SARS among Persons without Known Contact with SARS Patients, Beijing, China | Most cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have occurred in close contacts of SARS patients. However, in Beijing, a large proportion of SARS cases occurred in persons without such contact. We conducted a case-control study in Beijing that compared exposures of 94 unlinked, probable SARS patients with those ... |
Potential targets for anti-SARS drugs in the structural proteins from SARS related coronavirus | This is a further study on the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) using the probabilistic models. The purpose was to define the potential targets for anti-SARS drugs in the structural proteins from human SARS related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) while knowing little about the functional sites and possible mutations in ... |
Overexpression of fibrinogen-like protein 2 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promotes tumor progression in colorectal carcinoma | The main cause of death in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients is tumor metastasis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In the present study, a novel metastasis-related gene, fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), was characterized for its role in CRC metastasis and underlying molecular mechani... |
Analysis for fractional dynamics of Ebola virus model | Ebola virus is very challenging problem of the world. The main purpose of this work is to study fractional Ebola virus model. An efficient computational method based on iterative scheme is proposed to solve fractional Ebola model numerically. Stability of proposed method is also discussed. Efficiency of proposed method... |
Coronavirus lockdown helped the environment to bounce back | As the transmission of novel corona virus (COVID-19) increases rapidly, the whole world adopted the curfew/lockdown activity with restriction of human mobility. The imposition of quarantine stopped all the commercial activity that greatly affects the various important environmental parameters which directly connected t... |
COVID-19: Fear, quackery, false representations and the law() | Fear, anxiety and even paranoia can proliferate during a pandemic. Such conditions, even when subclinical, tend to be a product of personal and predispositional factors, as well as shared cultural influences, including religious, literary, film, and gaming, all of which can lead to emotional and less than rational resp... |
Income security in times of ill health: the next frontier for the SDGs | |
Collaborative Care at a Distance: Student Therapists' Experiences of Learning and Delivering Relationally Focused Telemental Health | There is mounting evidence that telemental health is an effective delivery method for treating a variety of mental, emotional, behavioral, and relational health problems. While many of the therapeutic skills leading to the effectiveness of face‐to‐face treatments are transferable, the effectiveness of telemental health... |
Identification of diverse full-length endogenous betaretroviruses in megabats and microbats | BACKGROUND: Betaretroviruses infect a wide range of species including primates, rodents, ruminants, and marsupials. They exist in both endogenous and exogenous forms and are implicated in animal diseases such as lung cancer in sheep, and in human disease, with members of the human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) group... |
Advances in nanomaterials and their applications in point of care (POC) devices for the diagnosis of infectious diseases | Abstract Nanotechnology has gained much attention over the last decades, as it offers unique opportunities for the advancement of the next generation of sensing tools. Point-of-care (POC) devices for the selective detection of biomolecules using engineered nanoparticles have become a main research thrust in the diagnos... |
Quels enjeux de nature Ethique l’épidémie de COVID 19 a-t-elle soulevé? | |
Persistent infections support maintenance of a coronavirus in a population of Australian bats (Myotis macropus) | Understanding viral transmission dynamics within populations of reservoir hosts can facilitate greater knowledge of the spillover of emerging infectious diseases. While bat-borne viruses are of concern to public health, investigations into their dynamics have been limited by a lack of longitudinal data from individual ... |
Digital Contact Tracing, Privacy, and Public Health | Digital contact tracing, in combination with widespread testing, has been a focal point for many plans to “reopen” economies while containing the spread of Covid‐19. Most digital contact tracing projects in the United States and Europe have prioritized privacy protections in the form of local storage of data on smartph... |
Mammalian microRNA: an important modulator of host-pathogen interactions in human viral infections | MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNAs expressed by almost all metazoans, have key roles in the regulation of cell differentiation, organism development and gene expression. Thousands of miRNAs regulating approximately 60 % of the total human genome have been identified. They regulate genetic expression ei... |
A new role of neuraminidase (NA) in the influenza virus life cycle: implication for developing NA inhibitors with novel mechanism of action | The entire life cycle of influenza virus involves viral attachment, entry, replication, and release. Previous studies have demonstrated that neuraminidase (NA) is an essential glycoprotein on the surface of influenza virus and that it is responsible for release of progeny virions from the host cell to infect new cells.... |
Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Viral RNA Replication Complex Reveals a Virus-Induced Mini-Organelle | Positive-strand RNA viruses are the largest genetic class of viruses and include many serious human pathogens. All positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in association with intracellular membrane rearrangements such as single- or double-membrane vesicles. However, the exact sites of RNA synthesis and cruc... |
The pathogens profile in children with otitis media with effusion and adenoid hypertrophy | OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the presence of viruses and bacteria in middle ear and adenoids of patients with and without otitis media with effusion (OME). METHODS: Adenoid samples and middle ear washes (MEW) were obtained from children with OME associated with adenoid hypertrophy undergoing adenoidectomy and tympanostomy, ... |
The Correlation of Comorbidities on the Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: an Observational Study Based on the Korean National Health Insurance Big Data | BACKGROUND: Mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major concern for quarantine departments in all countries. This is because the mortality of infectious diseases determines the basic policy stance of measures to prevent infectious diseases. Early screening of high-risk groups and taking action are the b... |
Critical evaluation of FDA-approved respiratory multiplex assays for public health surveillance | Introduction: Clinical management and identification of respiratory diseases has become more rapid and increasingly specific due to widespread use of PCR(polymerase chain reaction) multiplex technologies. Although significantly improving clinical diagnosis, multiplexed PCR assays could have a greater impact on local an... |
Characterization of viral proteins encoded by the SARS-coronavirus genome | Abstract A new disease, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), emerged at the end of 2002 and caused profound disturbances in over 30 countries worldwide in 2003. A novel coronavirus was identified as the aetiological agent of SARS and the 30kb viral genome was deciphered with unprecedented speed in a coordin... |
Three-dimensional tumor cell cultures employed in virotherapy research | Oncolytic virotherapy constitutes an upcoming alternative treatment option for a broad spectrum of cancer entities. However, despite great research efforts, there is still only a single US Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency-approved oncolytic virus available for clinical use. One reason for that is ... |
An Outbreak Preparedness and Mitigation Approach in Home Health and Personal Home Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic | The acute respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is a worldwide pandemic affecting millions of people. The methodology that organizations who provide home health and personal home care services are using to respond to this pandemic has not yet been characterized. In this report, we de... |
Peptide domains involved in the localization of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein to the nucleolus | Abstract The nucleocapsid (N) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the principal component of the viral nucleocapsid and localizes to the nucleolus. Peptide sequence analysis of the N protein of several North American isolates identified two potential nuclear localization signal (NL... |
Enteric Viruses☆ | Abstract Many viruses use the enteric tract as a route of entry to the human, animal or avian host. The onset of acute enteritis is associated with infection by viruses that replicate at or near the site of entry into the intestinal mucosa, including caliciviruses, rotaviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, and coronavir... |
Software for optimization of SNP and PCR-RFLP genotyping to discriminate many genomes with the fewest assays | BACKGROUND: Microbial forensics is important in tracking the source of a pathogen, whether the disease is a naturally occurring outbreak or part of a criminal investigation. RESULTS: A method and SPR Opt (SNP and PCR-RFLP Optimization) software to perform a comprehensive, whole-genome analysis to forensically discrimin... |
An agent-based model to evaluate the COVID-19 transmission risks in facilities | The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global threat affecting almost all countries in the world. As countries reach the infection peak, it is planned to return a new normal under different coexistence conditions in order to reduce the economic effects produced by the total or partial closu... |
Virus respiratorios: los más frecuentes, los más olvidados | |
Structure-based discovery of inhibitors of the YycG histidine kinase: New chemical leads to combat Staphylococcus epidermidis infections | BACKGROUND: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis has become a major frequent cause of infections in relation to the use of implanted medical devices. The pathogenicity of S. epidermidis has been attributed to its capacity to form biofilms on surfaces of medical devices, which greatly increases its resistance t... |
The role of lipocalin-2 in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) | Lipocalins are a family of secreted adipokines which play important roles in various biological processes. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) has been shown to be involved in acute and chronic inflammation. This particular protein is critical in the pathogenesis of several diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, and multiple sc... |
Intrinsic antibody-dependent enhancement of microbial infection in macrophages: disease regulation by immune complexes | A wide range of microorganisms can replicate in macrophages, and cell entry of these pathogens via non-neutralising IgG antibody complexes can result in increased intracellular infection through idiosyncratic Fcγ-receptor signalling. The activation of Fcγ receptors usually leads to phagocytosis. Paradoxically, the liga... |
Ebola: what lessons for the International Health Regulations? | |
MDCK and Vero cells for influenza virus vaccine production: a one-to-one comparison up to lab-scale bioreactor cultivation | Over the last decade, adherent MDCK (Madin Darby canine kidney) and Vero cells have attracted considerable attention for production of cell culture-derived influenza vaccines. While numerous publications deal with the design and the optimization of corresponding upstream processes, one-to-one comparisons of these cell ... |
Emerging horizon for bat borne viral zoonoses | Bats are the only flying placental mammals that constitute the second largest order of mammals and present all around the world except in Arctic, Antarctica and a few oceanic islands. Sixty percent of emerging infectious diseases originating from animals are zoonotic and more than two-thirds of them originate in wildli... |
Clinical Features of COVID-19 in a Young Man with Massive Cerebral Hemorrhage—Case Report | COVID-19 is currently a pandemic in the world, can invade multiple systems, and has a high morbidity and mortality. So far, no cases of acute cerebrovascular disease have been reported. This article reports the clinical features of a COVID-19 patient whose first symptom was cerebral hemorrhage. More importantly, after ... |
Digital Epidemiology: Use of Digital Data Collected for Non-epidemiological Purposes in Epidemiological Studies | OBJECTIVES: We reviewed digital epidemiological studies to characterize how researchers are using digital data by topic domain, study purpose, data source, and analytic method. METHODS: We reviewed research articles published within the last decade that used digital data to answer epidemiological research questions. Da... |
Chapter 2 Metabolism and population dynamics of the intestinal microflora in the growing pig | Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the available information on population dynamics of the intestinal flora in growing pigs and addresses the factors involved in changes of this flora during different stages of the animal's life and in health and disease. The intestinal flora of pigs contains several hundred micr... |
Musashi1 RNA-Binding Protein Regulates Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cell Differentiation and Survival | Expression of Musashi1 (Msi1), an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein, in neural stem cells of the subventricular zone in the postnatal and adult CNS indicates a potential role in the generation of oligodendrocytes. We now show Msi1 expression in a subset of oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) cells in white matte... |
Correction: Corrigendum: A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence |
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