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A Downward Trend of the Ratio of Influenza RNA Copy Number to Infectious Viral Titer in Hospitalized Influenza A-Infected Patients | Background. Efficacy endpoints in influenza clinical trials may include clinical symptoms and virological measurements, although virology cannot serve as the primary endpoint. We investigated the relationship between influenza A RNA copy number and quantity of infectious viruses in hospitalized influenza patients. Meth... |
Applicability of time fractional derivative models for simulating the dynamics and mitigation scenarios of COVID-19 | Fractional calculus provides a promising tool for modeling fractional dynamics in computational biology, and this study tests the applicability of fractional-derivative equations (FDEs) for modeling the dynamics and mitigation scenarios of the novel coronavirus for the first time. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19... |
Elektronenmikroskopischer Direktnachweis von Viruspartikeln bei Gastroenteritis im Säuglings- und Kleinkindesalter | In 72 faecal extracts examined from babies and infants with an acute gastroenteritis, virus particles were found in 29 cases. These particles could be classified as reovirus-like in 16 cases, coronaviruses in 11 cases and adenoviruses in 2 cases. The electron microscopic investigation of 11 faecal extracts from healthy... |
Human rhinovirus infection in young African children with acute wheezing | BACKGROUND: Infections caused by human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are important triggers of wheezing in young children. Wheezy illness has increasingly been recognised as an important cause of morbidity in African children, but there is little information on the contribution of HRV to this. The aim of this study was to determ... |
Anti-H7N9 avian influenza A virus activity of interferon in pseudostratified human airway epithelium cell cultures | BACKGROUND: Since H7N9 influenza A virus (H7N9) was first reported in 2013, five waves of outbreaks have occurred, posing a huge threat to human health. In preparation for a potential H7N9 epidemic, it is essential to evaluate the efficacy of anti-H7N9 drugs with an appropriate model. METHODS: Well-differentiated pseud... |
Long-term Institutional Experience with Telemedicine Services for Radiation Oncology: A Potential Model for Long-term Utilization | Abstract With the development of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare practices and radiation oncology departments have begun to incorporate telemedicine services to practice social distancing and minimize the chances of disease spread. Given the severity of this pandemic, it will likely fundamentally impact the use of th... |
Genomic and proteomic approaches for studying human cancer: Prospects for true patient-tailored therapy | Global gene expression analysis is beginning to move from the laboratories of basic investigators to large-scale clinical trials. The potential of this technology to improve diagnosis and tailored treatment of human disease may soon be realised, now that several comprehensive studies have demonstrated the utility of ge... |
Polymorphisms in the S1 spike glycoprotein of Arkansas-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) show differential binding to host tissues and altered antigenicity | Abstract Sequencing avian infectious bronchitis virus spike genes re-isolated from vaccinated chicks revealed that many sequence changes are found on the S1 spike gene. In the ArkDPI strain, Y43H and ∆344 are the two most common changes observed. This study aims to examine the roles of Y43H and ∆344 in selection in viv... |
Spatial approximations of network-based individual level infectious disease models | Abstract Often, when modeling infectious disease spread, the complex network through which the disease propagates is approximated by simplified spatial information. Here, we simulate epidemic spread through various contact networks and fit spatial-based models in a Bayesian framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo meth... |
Endoplasmic reticulum: a focal point of Zika virus infection | Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. It is an arbovirus that can cause congenital abnormalities and is sexually transmissible. A series of outbreaks accompanied by unexpected severe clinical complications have captured medical attention to further characterize the clinical featu... |
Technologies for Proteome-Wide Discovery of Extracellular Host-Pathogen Interactions | Pathogens have evolved unique mechanisms to breach the cell surface barrier and manipulate the host immune response to establish a productive infection. Proteins exposed to the extracellular environment, both cell surface-expressed receptors and secreted proteins, are essential targets for initial invasion and play key... |
Severe COVID-19: A Review of Recent Progress With a Look Toward the Future | The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, the World Health Organization has confirmed that COVID-19 is a global infectious disease pandemic. This is the third acute infectious disease cau... |
Prospective Evaluation for Respiratory Pathogens in Children With Sickle Cell Disease and Acute Respiratory Illness | BACKGROUND: Human rhinovirus (HRV), human coronavirus (hCoV), human bocavirus (hBoV), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections in children with sickle cell disease have not been well studied. PROCEDURE: Nasopharyngeal wash specimens were prospectively collected from 60 children with sickle cell disease and acute res... |
Chapter 26 Palaeognathae: Apterygiformes, Casuariiformes, Rheiformes, Struthioniformes; Tinamiformes | Abstract The infraclass Palaeognathae includes the flightless ratites (ostrich, emu, rhea, cassowary, kiwi) and the tinamous, a group of related, flighted birds. This chapter focuses on unique anatomy and important non-infectious and infectious diseases of these groups of birds. Notable among these are management-relat... |
Coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory pathogens in COVID‐19 patients in Guangzhou, China | The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019‐nCoV) disease (COVID‐19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a global pandemic and remains as a major public health issue This article is protected by copyright. All rights rese... |
Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review | The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak shows that pandemics and epidemics can seriously wreak havoc on supply chains (SC) around the globe. Humanitarian logistics literature has extensively studied epidemic impacts; however, there exists a research gap in understanding of pandemic impacts in commercial SCs. To progress in... |
Genetic characterization of EV71 isolates from 2004 to 2010 reveals predominance and persistent circulation of the newly proposed genotype D and recent emergence of a distinct lineage of subgenotype C2 in Hong Kong | BACKGROUND: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a common etiological agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. EV71 epidemics have been reported in Hong Kong in recent years, and yet the genetic information of EV71 strains circulating in our locality is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the g... |
Immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia | The lung pathology seen in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows marked microvascular thrombosis and haemorrhage linked to extensive alveolar and interstitial inflammation that shares features with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). We have termed the lung-restricted vascular immunopathology associ... |
Contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the treatment of COVID-19 | COVID-19 as an epidemic disease has spread across the planet since December 2019. The somber situation reminds each country to take actions in preventing the spreading of the virus. China as one of the early affected countries has been fighting against the novel coronavirus with the achievements of nearly 80,000 cured ... |
Broad reception for coronavirus | The discovery that a new coronavirus associated with lethal respiratory infections binds to an evolutionarily conserved receptor on airway cells suggests that direct transmission from bats to humans may occur. See Letter p.251 |
Generation of Complete Multi−Cell Type Lung Organoids From Human Embryonic and Patient‐Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Infectious Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Validation | The normal development of the pulmonary system is critical to transitioning from placental‐dependent fetal life to alveolar‐dependent newborn life. Human lung development and disease have been difficult to study due to the lack of an in vitro model system containing cells from the large airways and distal alveolus. Thi... |
COVID-19 and Avoiding Ibuprofen. How Good Is the Evidence? | Ibuprofen is an over-the-counter medication that is used widely for the treatment of pain and fever during COVID-19 pandemic. A concern was raised regarding the safety of ibuprofen use because of its role in increasing ACE2 levels within the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone system. ACE2 is the coreceptor for the entry of ... |
Pharmacists reinventing their roles to effectively respond to COVID-19: a global report from the international pharmacists for anticoagulation care taskforce (iPACT) | SARS-CoV2 is dramatically impacting the global population. Worldwide, pharmacists are changing their roles and being increasingly recognized for their role as essential service providers. This commentary provides some examples collected from Asia, Europe, the Americas and Africa, ranging from essential services to meet... |
Initial Real-Life Experience from a Designated COVID-19 Centre in Athens, Greece: a Proposed Therapeutic Algorithm | We report our initial experience with the management of a mixed group of patients with COVID-19 infection, admitted and treated in a designated COVID-19 centre in the Athens Metropolitan area over a 4-week period. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented a huge challenge to the Greek National Healthcare System and healthcare ... |
COVID 19 and mask in sports | ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to the mandatory use of a mask, and the authorization to do outdoor sports in Catalonia, we try to assess the physiological impact of the hypercapnia hypoxia generated by the masks during aerobic sports practice. Methods: Eight subjects (2 women) were assessed at baseline with and without a m... |
Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series | PURPOSE: Pathological data of critical ill COVID-19 patients is essential in the search for optimal treatment options. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed postmortem needle core lung biopsies in seven patients with COVID-19 related ARDS. Clinical, radiological and microbiological characteristics are reported together wi... |
Chapter 11 Manufacturing Vaccines for an Emerging Viral Infection–Specific Issues Associated with the Development of a Prototype SARS Vaccine | Abstract The world was struck by surprise when a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic started in 2003 in China. This disease had never been observed in man before; the SARS-Coronavirus causing the disease was unknown. With the uncertainty about the future impact of this epidemic, an important international... |
A New Bat-HKU2–like Coronavirus in Swine, China, 2017 | We identified from suckling piglets with diarrhea in China a new bat-HKU2–like porcine coronavirus (porcine enteric alphacoronavirus). The GDS04 strain of this coronavirus shares high aa identities (>90%) with the reported bat-HKU2 strains in Coronaviridae-wide conserved domains, suggesting that the GDS04 strain belong... |
A computational analysis of SARS cysteine proteinase-octapeptide substrate interaction: implication for structure and active site binding mechanism | BACKGROUND: SARS coronavirus main proteinase (SARS CoVMpro) is an important enzyme for the replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus. The active site region of SARS CoVMpro is divided into 8 subsites. Understanding the binding mode of SARS CoVMpro with a specific substrate is useful and contributes to stru... |
Fighting COVID-19: Integrated Micro- and Nanosystems for Viral Infection Diagnostics | The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the importance of rapid and sensitive diagnostics of viral infection that enables the efficient tracing of cases and the implementation of public health measures for disease containment. The immediate actions from both academia and industry have led to the ... |
Bioinformatics and evolutionary insight on the spike glycoprotein gene of QX-like and Massachusetts strains of infectious bronchitis virus | BACKGROUND: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a Gammacoronavirus of the family Coronaviridae and is a causative agent of an economically important disease in poultry. The spike glycoprotein of IBV is essential for host cell attachment, neutralization, and is involved in the induction of protective immunity. Previous... |
Community acquired respiratory virus infections in adult patients undergoing umbilical cord blood transplantation | Characteristics and risk factors (RFs) of community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infections after umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) are lacking. We retrospectively analyzed CARV infections in 216 single-unit myeloablative UCBT recipients. One-hundred and fourteen episodes of CARV infections were diagnose... |
Peaceful Goodbyes: Providing End‐of‐Life Care to Patients with COVID‐19 | |
Time required to initiate outbreak and pandemic observational research | Abstract Purpose Observational research focused upon emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and Zika virus has been challenging to quickly initiate. We aimed to determine the duration of start-up procedures and barriers encountered for an observational study focused upon suc... |
What have we learned from worldwide experiences on the management and treatment of hospital effluent? — An overview and a discussion on perspectives | Abstract This study overviews lessons learned from experimental investigations on dedicated treatment systems of hospital effluent carried out worldwide in the last twenty years. It includes 48 peer reviewed papers from 1995 to 2015 assessing the efficacy of different treatment levels (preliminary, primary, secondary a... |
Observed and projected drivers of emerging infectious diseases in Europe | Emerging infectious diseases are of international concern because of the potential for, and impact of, pandemics; however, they are difficult to predict. To identify the drivers of disease emergence, we analyzed infectious disease threat events (IDTEs) detected through epidemic intelligence collected at the European Ce... |
Assessing changes in US public trust in science amid the Covid-19 pandemic | Abstract Introduction The emergence of the Covid-19 and subsequent pandemic has led to the most substantive large-scale, open, and public social discussion of epidemiology and science in recent history. In the United States, extensive debate has ensued as to the risk posed by the disease, whether the health system is p... |
COVID-19 and STEMI: A snapshot analysis of presentation patterns during a pandemic | |
Picornavirus Subversion of the Autophagy Pathway | While autophagy has been shown to act as an anti-viral defense, the Picornaviridae avoid and, in many cases, subvert this pathway to promote their own replication. Evidence indicates that some picornaviruses hijack autophagy in order to induce autophagosome-like membrane structures for genomic RNA replication. Expressi... |
Electron microscope observations on the entry of avian infectious bronchitis virus into susceptible cells | Infectious bronchitis virus was observed to enter cells of chicken chorioallantoic membrane by viropexis. There was no support for the suggestion that entry took place by fusion of viral and plasma membranes. The results of electron microscopy showed that virus attachment occurred both at 4° and at 37° C. Viropexis was... |
Central Hypoventilation: A Case Study of Issues Associated with Travel Medicine and Respiratory Infection | Aim. We presented the case of a child with central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) to highlight issues that need to be considered in planning long-haul flight and problems that may arise during the flight. Case. The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) received a child with central hypoventilation syndrome (Ondine's cur... |
A Celebration of the Life and Work of Caroline Breese Hall, MD | |
In Very Young Infants Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis Depends On Carried Viruses | BACKGROUND: RT amplification reaction has revealed that various single viruses or viral co-infections caused acute bronchiolitis in infants, and RV appeared to have a growing involvement in early respiratory diseases. Because remaining controversial, the objective was to determine prospectively the respective role of R... |
Detection of 793/B serotype of infectious bronchitis virus in tissue sample by indirect immunoperoxidase assay | The indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) assay was compared with the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of 793/B serotype of infectious bronchitis virus in tissues samples collected from experimentally infected chickens. This technique was optimized in specific pathogen-free (SPF)-embryon... |
Getting Back to Work: Risk Assessing Personal Vulnerabilities to COVID-19 | |
Coronavirus Outbreak in Nigeria: Burden and Socio-Medical Response during the First 100 Days | Abstract Background The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic shocked the world, overwhelming the health systems of even high-income countries. Expectedly, the situation has elicited social and medical responses from the public and governments respectively. Nigeria recorded an imported case from Italy on Febr... |
Protocol for a randomised, single-blind, two-arm, parallel-group controlled trial of the efficacy of rhinothermy delivered by nasal high flow therapy in the treatment of the common cold | INTRODUCTION: The common cold is the most common infectious disease affecting humans. It is usually a self-limiting disease; however, the common cold can cause significant morbidity and has a substantial economic impact on society. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), which cause up to two-thirds of colds, have temperature-depen... |
ACE2 as a Therapeutic Target for COVID-19;its Role in Infectious Processes and Regulation by Modulators of the RAAS System | Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the recognized host cell receptor responsiblefor mediating infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ACE2bound to tissue facilitates infectivity of SARS-CoV-2;thus, one could argue that decreasing ACE2tissue expression would be beneficial However... |
Acute lower respiratory infections in hospitalized children over a 6 year period in Tokyo | Abstract Background: Acute lower respiratory infections are major causes of hospitalization in children and are mainly caused by respiratory viruses. In the present study, we investigated the etiologic agents responsible for acute lower respiratory infections from the period November 1986 to October 1992 in order to de... |
Coronavirus concerns: What do women with gynecologic cancer need to know during the COVID-19 crisis? | • COVID-19 is likely uniquely unsettling to gynecologic oncology patients. • Resources addressing the questions of patients with cancer during the COVID-19 crises remain scarce. • Women with gynecologic cancer were invited to participate in a webinar on COVID-19 and cancer concerns. • We share participant questions to ... |
Understanding the alphaviruses: Recent research on important emerging pathogens and progress towards their control | Abstract The alphaviruses were amongst the first arboviruses to be isolated, characterized and assigned a taxonomic status. They are globally very widespread, infecting a large variety of terrestrial animals, insects and even fish, and circulate both in the sylvatic and urban/peri-urban environment, causing considerabl... |
Longitudinal Surveillance of Betacoronaviruses in Fruit Bats in Yunnan Province, China During 2009–2016 | Previous studies indicated that fruit bats carry two betacoronaviruses, BatCoV HKU9 and BatCoV GCCDC1. To investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of these coronaviruses, we conducted a longitudinal surveillance in fruit bats in Yunnan province, China during 2009–2016. A total of 59 (10.63%) bat samples were ... |
Active implications for dermatologists in “SARS‐CoV‐2 era”: Personal experience and review of literature | On December 31, 2019, from the Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei, comes the first case of "atypical ARDS/ interstitial pneumonia". On February 11, 2020 the WHO officially announced the name of the emergent disease associated with new coronavirus identified as SARS‐CoV‐2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ‐2): CO... |
One cannot rule them all: Are bacterial toxins-antitoxins druggable? | Type II (proteic) toxin–antitoxin (TA) operons are widely spread in bacteria and archaea. They are organized as operons in which, usually, the antitoxin gene precedes the cognate toxin gene. The antitoxin generally acts as a transcriptional self-repressor, whereas the toxin acts as a co-repressor, both proteins constit... |
Interferon-Inducible Myxovirus Resistance Proteins: Potential Biomarkers for Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infections | BACKGROUND: In 2015, the 68th World Health Assembly declared that effective, rapid, low-cost diagnostic tools were needed for guiding optimal use of antibiotics in medicine. This review is devoted to interferon-inducible myxovirus resistance proteins as potential biomarkers for differentiating viral from bacterial infe... |
Beware of asymptomatic transmission: Study on 2019-nCoV prevention and control measures based on extended SEIR model | The 2019 new coronavirus, “2019-nCoV”, was discovered from Wuhan Viral Pneumonia cases in December 2019, and was named by the World Health Organization on January 12, 2020. In the early stage, people knows little about the 2019-nCoV virus was not clear, and the spread period was encountering China’s annual spring migra... |
Isolation of MERS Coronavirus from a Dromedary Camel, Qatar, 2014 | We obtained the full genome of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a camel in Qatar. This virus is highly similar to the human England/Qatar 1 virus isolated in 2012. The MERS-CoV from the camel efficiently replicated in human cells, providing further evidence for the zoonotic potential of MERS... |
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Infection Up-Regulates FcRn Expression via Nucleocapsid Protein and Secretion of TGF-β in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells | Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a porcine intestinal coronavirus that causes fatal severe watery diarrhea in piglets. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is the only IgG transport receptor, its expression on mucosal surfaces is triggered upon viral stimulation, which significantly enhances mucosal immunity. W... |
Regulation of signaling mediated by nucleic acid sensors for innate interferon-mediated responses during viral infection | Type I and type III interferons are important anti-viral cytokines that are massively induced during viral infection. This dynamic process is regulated by many executors and regulators for efficient eradication of invading viruses and protection from harmful, excessive responses. An array of innate sensors recognizes v... |
23 Response to SARS as a prototype for bioterrorism Lessons in a Regional Hospital in Hong Kong | Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the response to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which can serve as a prototype for combating acts of bioterrorism, in the setting of a Hong Kong acute-care hospital. After overcoming the onslaught of SARS, the Hong Kong community has become aware that emerging infections... |
Data on corona-virus readiness strategies influencing customer satisfaction and customer behavioural intentions in South African retail stores | This article presents raw inferential statistical data that determined the coronavirus readiness strategies at retail stores in South Africa and their consequences for consumer behavioural intentions. The data was collected from customers within the metropolitan area of Bloemfontein. The data were analysed using a quan... |
Cloning whole bacterial genomes in yeast | Most microbes have not been cultured, and many of those that are cultivatable are difficult, dangerous or expensive to propagate or are genetically intractable. Routine cloning of large genome fractions or whole genomes from these organisms would significantly enhance their discovery and genetic and functional characte... |
COVID-19: An Update about the Discovery Clinical Trial | Finding efficacious and safe treatments for COVID-19 emerges as a crucial need in order to control the spread of the pandemic. Whereas plasma therapy attracts much interest, the European project Discovery focuses on the potentialities of small molecules like remdesivir, the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxych... |
Touch in the Era of COVID‐19 | I moved out of our shared bedroom of nearly 10 years on 3/22/2020. It was not a difficult decision as we have two young children and wondered what would happen if both of us became ill at the same time. As a Maternal‐Fetal medicine physician in New York City, I was acutely aware of the coming COVID‐19 crisis, and its p... |
The influence of temperature on wettability alteration during CO2 storage in saline aquifers | Abstract The wettability of a formation is defined as the tendency of one fluid to spread on a surface in competition with other fluids which are also in contact with it. However, the impact of temperature on wettability in an aquifer and the modification of relative permeability curves based on the temperature variati... |
Assessment and management of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an IVF laboratory: a failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) | RESEARCH QUESTION: To identify corrective measures aimed at reducing the risk of aerosol-mediated viral infection within an IVF laboratory. DESIGN: A Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) was conducted by a multidisciplinary IVF team. A schematic representation of new protocols and procedures adopted during COVID-19... |
Serum IgG Concentrations in Adult Patients Experiencing Virus-Induced Severe Asthma Exacerbations | Background Patients experiencing severe asthma exacerbations have a poorer quality of life and an increase in morbidity and mortality. Viruses are frequently involved in asthma exacerbations. Objective To determine the value of measuring serum IgG concentrations in asthma exacerbations and assess their link with viral ... |
MERS Coronaviruses in Dromedary Camels, Egypt | We identified the near-full-genome sequence (29,908 nt, >99%) of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a nasal swab specimen from a dromedary camel in Egypt. We found that viruses genetically very similar to human MERS-CoV are infecting dromedaries beyond the Arabian Peninsula, where human MERS-C... |
Manipulation of the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Genome Using Targeted RNA Recombination | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe economic losses in the swine industry in China and other Asian countries. Infection usually leads to an acute, often lethal diarrhea in piglets. Despite the impact of the disease, no system is yet available to manipulate the viral genome which has severely hampered r... |
Isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from urine of a COVID-19 patient | SARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak of severe pneumonia (COVID-19) in humans. Viral RNA was detected in multiple organs in COVID-19 patients. However, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was only isolated from respiratory specimens. Here, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was successfully isolated from urine of a COVID-19 patient. The virus isol... |
32 Special Considerations for Infants and Young Children | • The care of infants and small children with suspected asthma deserves special consideration because of the potential to modulate the disease process early on and alleviate the increased morbidity associated with uncontrolled asthma in this age group. • After confounders and masqueraders of asthma have been excluded i... |
Molecular structure analyses suggest strategies to therapeutically target SARS-CoV-2 | Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists around the globe have been working resolutely to find therapies to treat patients and avert the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this commentary, we highlight some of the latest studies that provide atomic-resolution structural details imperative for the development of vaccin... |
Deadly viral syndrome mimics | Upper respiratory tract infections (ie, "the common cold") have several hundred causes, the most common of which include rhino-virus, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. The clinical presentation varies with symptoms. Every emergency department, no matter what the demographics, cares for patients with this co... |
Keep Your Community Safe While COVID‐19 Spreads Globally | |
Global health activists’ lessons on building social movements for Health for All | BACKGROUND: The People’s Health Movement (PHM) was formed in 2000 and drew inspiration from the Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care’s ‘Health for All’ (1978). Since then PHM has been an active part of a global counter-hegemonic social movement. This study aimed to gain insights on social movement building, draw... |
Four cases of aortic thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 | Abstract Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing evidence suggests that infected patients present a high incidence of thrombotic complications. We describe four cases of aortic thrombosis in patients admitted for COVID-19, between the 26th of March and the 12th of April 2020, in Mulhouse (France). |
Next-generation sequencing and single-cell RT-PCR reveal a distinct variable gene usage of porcine antibody repertoire following PEDV vaccination | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the most common diarrhea-causing pathogen in newborn piglets. The clarifications of the overall antibody repertoire and antigen-specific antibody repertoire are essential to provide important insights into the B-cell response and reshape new vaccines. Here, we applied next-gene... |
The effect of incidence functions on the dynamics of a quarantine/isolation model with time delay | Abstract The problem of the asymptotic dynamics of a quarantine/isolation model with time delay is considered, subject to two incidence functions, namely standard incidence and the Holling type II (saturated) incidence function. Rigorous qualitative analysis of the model shows that it exhibits essentially the same (equ... |
Prevalence of enteropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in puppies with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis | AIM: Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) ranging from mild to severe forms is commonly encountered in puppies. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of common enteropathogens and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in puppies reported with HGE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The canine HGE activity index, with littl... |
Guillain–Barré syndrome with unilateral peripheral facial and bulbar palsy in a child: A case report | Guillain–Barré syndrome is characterized by progressive motor weakness, sensory changes, dysautonomia, and areflexia. Cranial nerve palsies are frequent in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Among cranial nerve palsies in Guillain–Barré syndrome, facial nerve palsy is the most common affecting around half of the cases. Facial pa... |
The effectiveness of full and partial travel bans against COVID-19 spread in Australia for travellers from China during and after the epidemic peak in China | BACKGROUND: Australia implemented a travel ban on China on February 1(st) 2020, while COVID-19 was largely localised to China. We modelled three scenarios to test the impact of travel bans on epidemic control. Scenario one was no ban, scenario two and three were the current ban followed by a full or partial lifting (al... |
The Coronavirus Pandemic: Adaptations in Medical Education | |
Possible role of an animal vector in the SARS outbreak at Amoy Gardens | Summary A mass outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the Amoy Gardens housing complex in Hong Kong at the end of March, 2003, affected more than 300 residents in less than a month, and has epidemiologists all over the world puzzled about the mode of transmission of this new disease, which until then w... |
Prevalence of human parainfluenza virus in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing, 2011–2014 | Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are one of the most frequent pathogens that circulate worldwide[1] . Four types of HPIVs were identified, including HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3 and HPIV-4. HPIVs can lead to acute respiratory infection in young[2] , the immunocompromised[3] and the elderly patients[4] . The epidemiologica... |
hCLE/C14orf166 Associates with DDX1-HSPC117-FAM98B in a Novel Transcription-Dependent Shuttling RNA-Transporting Complex | hCLE/C14orf166 is a nuclear and cytoplasmic protein that interacts with the RNAP II, modulates nuclear RNA metabolism and is present in cytoplasmic RNA granules involved in localized translation. Here we have studied whether hCLE shares common interactors in the nucleus and the cytosol, which could shed light on its pa... |
Animal models of multiple sclerosis: the good, the bad and the bottom line | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a spontaneous, acquired, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the human CNS. Because it involves a complex interaction between two of the most intricate biological systems, immune system and CNS, animal modeling has been critical for addressing MS pathogenesis. MS models were originally deve... |
Antioxidant Potential of Antiviral Drug Umifenovir | Free radical reactions play an important role in biological functions of living systems. The balance between oxidants and antioxidants is necessary for the normal homeostasis of cells and organisms. Experimental works demonstrate the role of oxidative stress that is caused by influenza virus as well as the toxic effect... |
Influenza C virus–associated community‐acquired pneumonia in children | To evaluate the impact of influenza C (ICV) infection in children with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), all of the children consecutively seen during 4 influenza seasons with respiratory symptoms and radiographically confirmed CAP were prospectively evaluated. ICV was identified in the respiratory secretions of five... |
Correction to: Detection and full genome characterization of two beta CoV viruses related to Middle East respiratory syndrome from bats in Italy | CORRECTION After Publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that an author's name has been spelt incorrectly. The correct spelling should be "Massimo Ciccozzi", but it was previously included as "Massimo Cicozzi". The original version has now been revised to reflect this. |
Evidence of Pathogen-Induced Immunogenetic Selection across the Large Geographic Range of a Wild Seabird | Over evolutionary time, pathogen challenge shapes the immune phenotype of the host to better respond to an incipient threat. The extent and direction of this selection pressure depend on the local pathogen composition, which is in turn determined by biotic and abiotic features of the environment. However, little is kno... |
COVID‐19: implementing sustainable low cost physical distancing and enhanced hygiene | |
2.6 Anti-infective Agents | Abstract Infections may be hazardous to the health of the mother, the course of pregnancy, and the unborn child. They can lead to premature labor or premature rupture of membranes and thereby increase the risk for spontaneous abortion and prematurity. Furthermore, certain germs can pass to the unborn child and harm it ... |
Impairment of germline transmission after blastocyst injection with murine embryonic stem cells cultured with mouse hepatitis virus and mouse minute virus | The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of murine embryonic stem (mESCs) to mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-A59) and mouse minute virus (MMVp) and the effect of these viruses on germline transmission (GLT) and the serological status of recipients and pups. When recipients received 10 blastocysts, each inje... |
Tourism economics and policy analysis: Contributions and legacy of the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre | Abstract The Centre for Economic Policy (CEP) located within Australia's Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, engaged with government, industry and researchers for over a decade to advance policy analysis in tourism contexts. This paper discusses the contributions of the CEP in three major areas-the develop... |
Toll-like receptor 4 is not involved in host defense against respiratory tract infection with Sendai virus | Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLR) induce innate immune responses upon stimulation by a wide variety of pathogens. TLR4 has been implicated in innate immunity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by an interaction with the viral envelope fusion (F) protein. Sendai virus (mouse parainfluenza type 1) shares many fea... |
Four‐step approach to efficiently develop capillary gel electrophoresis methods for viral vaccine protein analysis | Vaccines against infectious diseases are urgently needed. Therefore, modern analytical method development should be as efficient as possible to speed up vaccine development. The objectives of the study were to identify critical method parameters (CMPs) and to establish a set of steps to efficiently develop and validate... |
Lipocalin-2 is a Sensitive and Specific Marker of Bacterial Infection in Children | Bacterial infection is the leading cause of death in children globally. Clinical algorithms to identify children who are likely to benefit from antimicrobial treatment remain suboptimal. Biomarkers that accurately identify serious bacterial infection (SBI) could improve diagnosis and clinical management. Lipocalin 2 (L... |
Scenario-driven forecasting: modeling peaks and paths. Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium | The recent ‘outburst’ of COVID-19 spurred efforts to model and forecast its diffusion patterns, either in terms of infections, people in need of medical assistance (ICU occupation) or casualties. Forecasting patterns and their implied end states remains cumbersome when few (stochastic) data points are available during ... |
The use of exhaled nitric oxide and peak expiratory flow to demonstrate improved breathability and antimicrobial properties of novel face mask made with sustainable filter paper and Folium Plectranthii amboinicii oil: additional option for mask shortage during COVID-19 pandemic | BACKGROUND: Medical face masks are integral personal protective equipment against infectious airborne disease and become scarce during epidemic outbreaks such as COVID-19. A novel, sustainably manufactured face mask with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties from oil of Folium Plectranthii amboinicii can be an... |
Differences in virus receptor for type I and type II feline infectious peritonitis virus | Feline infectious peritonitis viruses (FIPVs) are classified into type I and type II serogroups. Here, we report that feline aminopeptidase N (APN), a cell-surface metalloprotease on the intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells, is a receptor for type II FIPV but not for type I FIPV. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) R-G... |
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