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Updated Information on the Epidemiology of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection and Guidance for the Public, Clinicians, and Public Health Authorities, 2012–2013 | The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first reported to cause human infection in September 2012. In July 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Health Regulations Emergency Committee determined that MERS-CoV did not meet criteria for a "public health emergency of international... |
Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19 | RATIONALE: Use of ACEIs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) and ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) is a major concern for clinicians treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between in-hospital use of ACEI/ARB and all-cause mortality... |
Teleproctoring in Vascular Surgery to Defy COVID-19 Travel Restrictions | |
Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus | Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the classification, description, hosts, key developments, diagnostic techniques, and diagnostic reagents for porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus belongs to the family Coronaviridae; genus Coronavirus; a... |
Chikungunya virus: an update on antiviral development and challenges | Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has re-emerged as a significant public health threat since the 2005 chikungunya fever epidemic in La Réunion. Driven by the medical importance of this virus, as well as the lack of approved antivirals, research into the field of CHIKV antivirals has recently intensified. Potential therapeutics... |
Airport risk of importation and exportation of the COVID-19 pandemic | On March 11, 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the spread of the coronavirus disease, COVID-19, as a pandemic on the basis of “alarming levels of spread and severity, and by the alarming levels of inaction.” Hence, it is urgent and imperative to evaluate the risk of COVID-1... |
COVID-19 DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING: CAUTION NEED BEFORE THE END OF THE GAME. | |
Physical mapping of human cytomegalovirus genes: Identification of DNA sequences coding for a virion phosphoprotein of 71 kDa and a viral 65-kDa polypeptide | Abstract Polyadenylated RNA was isolated from fibroblast cultures infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain AD169 during the late phase of viral replication. The RNA was selected by hybridization to a series of cosmid clones containing the entire viral genome in partially overlapping segments. Translation of th... |
The impact of infectious diseases on hotel occupancy rate based on independent component analysis | Abstract The recent global outbreak of Influenza A (H1N1), or the more commonly known as swine flu, has negatively affected the tourism and hospitality industries in many countries. This article reports a study that applied independent component analysis, a novel statistical technique, to separate the dominant factors ... |
Intracerebral Hemorrhage and SARS-CoV-2: Association or Causation | BACKGROUND: Recent respiratory infection including SARS-CoV-2 is an independent risk factor for acute cerebrovascular disease. PURPOSE: There have been reports linking haemorrhagic strokes to SARS-CoV-2 infection during this pandemic, which lead us to evaluate if SARS-CoV-2 infection could be associated with increased ... |
One world, one health: Humans, animals and the environment are inextricably linked—a fact that needs to be remembered and exploited in our modern approach to health | From the point of view that all organisms and the environment share one health, expending effort to address the needs of animals and ecosystems might pay better dividends for human health in the longer term. |
Clinical characteristics of children with COVID-19: a rapid review and meta-analysis. | Background Most guidelines on COVID-19 published so far include recommendations for patients regardless of age. Clinicians need a more accurate understanding of the clinical characteristics of children with COVID-19. Methods We searched studies reporting clinical characteristics in children with COVID-19 published unti... |
ECMO for COVID-19 associated severe ARDS and risk of thrombosis | |
Burn patients’ management during the COVID-19 pandemic: An institutional report from the Mohammed Vth Teaching Armed Forces Hospital in Morocco | |
Living with Bats: The Case of Ve Golokuati Township in the Volta Region of Ghana | Transmission of zoonotic pathogens from bats to humans through direct and indirect contact with bats raises public apprehension about living close to bats. In the township of Ve Golokuati in Ghana, several “camps” of Epomophorus gambianus roost in fruit trees that provide ecosystems services for residents. This study e... |
Molecular analysis of several in-house rRT-PCR protocols for SARS-CoV-2 detection in the context of genetic variability of the virus in Colombia | The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a public health problem unprecedented in the recent history of humanity. Different in-house real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and the appearance of genomes with mutations in primer regions have been reported. Hence, whole-genome data from locally-c... |
Aerosol Dispersion During Mastoidectomy and Custom Mitigation Strategies for Otologic Surgery in the COVID-19 Era | OBJECTIVE: To investigate small-particle aerosolization from mastoidectomy relevant to potential viral transmission and to test source-control mitigation strategies. STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric simulation. SETTING: Surgical simulation laboratory. METHODS: An optical particle size spectrometer was used to quantify 1- to 10-... |
COVID-19 Pandemic and Nationwide Lockdown – Implications of the Double Trouble on Radiotherapy Practice in India | |
T-cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses | Emerging respiratory coronaviruses such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pose potential biological threats to humans. SARS and MERS are manifested as severe atypical pneumonia associated with high morbidity and mortality in human... |
Virus-specific RNA and Antibody from Convalescent-phase SARS Patients Discharged from Hospital | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In a longitudinal cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of virus in bodily excretions and time of seroconversion in discharged patients with SARS. Conjunctival, throat, stool, and urine specimens were collected weekly fr... |
Ten Years on: Generating Innovative Responses to Avian Influenza | Since 2006, the number of recorded H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks has declined globally, but at mid-2012 the disease was enzootic in six countries in Asia and Africa, and sporadic outbreaks continue over a wide area. It is now accepted that it will take decades to eliminate the H5N1 virus in poultry and ‘unconventional... |
Immunity to emerging pathogens | |
Phylogenetic analysis of a G6P[5] bovine rotavirus strain isolated in a neonatal diarrhea outbreak in a beef cattle herd vaccinated with G6P[1] and G10P[11] genotypes | The aim of this study was to perform the molecular characterization of the eleven genes of a G6P[5] bovine group A rotavirus (RVA) strain detected in a diarrhea outbreak from a vaccinated beef cattle herd. The outbreak affected 80 % of calves between 15–30 days old. RVA was identified by RT-PCR in 12 (70.6 %) out of 17... |
The papain-like protease determines a virulence trait that varies among members of the SARS-coronavirus species | SARS-coronavirus (CoV) is a zoonotic agent derived from rhinolophid bats, in which a plethora of SARS-related, conspecific viral lineages exist. Whereas the variability of virulence among reservoir-borne viruses is unknown, it is generally assumed that the emergence of epidemic viruses from animal reservoirs requires h... |
Response to COVID-19 in Breast Imaging | |
N-terminal Domain of the Spike Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus as a New Candidate Molecule for a Mucosal Vaccine | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a contagious coronavirus infecting pigs that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Given that PEDV infection occurs in gut epithelial cells mainly via the fecal-oral route, induction of PEDV-specific immune responses in the mucosal compartment is required ... |
Design and immunogenicity assessment of HIV-1 virus-like particles as a candidate vaccine | The rapid growth of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic makes it a high priority to develop an effective vaccine. Since a live attenuated or inactivated HIV vaccine is not likely to be approved for clinical application due to safety concerns, HIV virus like particles (VLPs) offer an attractive alternative because they are con... |
Structures of the N- and C-terminal domains of MHV-A59 nucleocapsid protein corroborate a conserved RNA-protein binding mechanism in coronavirus | Coronaviruses are the causative agent of respiratory and enteric diseases in animals and humans. One example is SARS, which caused a worldwide health threat in 2003. In coronaviruses, the structural protein N (nucleocapsid protein) associates with the viral RNA to form the filamentous nucleocapsid and plays a crucial r... |
Mental Health of Nurses Working at a Government-designated Hospital During a MERS-CoV Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Study | ABSTRACT BACKGROUND During an epidemic of a novel infectious disease, many healthcare workers suffer from mental health problems. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to test the following hypotheses: stigma and hardiness exert both direct effects on mental health and also indirect (mediated) effects on mental health... |
ApoD Mediates Binding of HDL to LDL and to Growing T24 Carcinoma | Apolipoprotein (Apo) D is an important protein produced in many parts of the body. It is necessary for the development and repair of the brain and protection from oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which apoD interacts with lipoproteins in human plasma. By using detergent-free ... |
Evaluation of antiviral activity of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus | Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) is commonly used as probiotic and its secondary metabolites are attractive anti-microbial candidate. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of crude extracts from B. licheniformis against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly contagious env... |
Glucose-regulated protein 78 demonstrates antiviral effects but is more suitable for hepatocellular carcinoma prevention in hepatitis B | BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia and Africa. Existing antivirals cannot cure HBV or eliminate risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) can inhibit HBV replication, but promote virion secretion and hepatocellula... |
The Persisting Importance of Rhetoric and Equity in Health Policy and Outcomes | This editorial considers the persisting importance of rhetoric and equity in health policy analysis, implementation, and outcomes. It argues that employing social determinants of health, and intersectional and rhetorical frames, can improve life and health outcomes, as measured by morbidity and mortality. The pertinenc... |
Pathogen‐reduction methods: advantages and limits | Pathogen‐reduction (inactivation) provides a proactive approach to reducing transfusion‐transmitted infection. Pathogen‐reduction technologies have been successfully implemented by plasma fractionators resulting in no transmission of human immunodeficiency, hepatitis C, or hepatitis B viruses by US‐licensed plasma deri... |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong | Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recently recognized and highly contagious pneumonic illness, caused by a novel coronavirus. While developments in diagnostic, clinical and other aspects of SARS research are well underway, there is still great difficulty for frontline clinicians as validated rapid... |
Serodiagnosis of Human Bocavirus Infection | Background. A new human-pathogenic parvovirus, human bocavirus (HBoV), has recently been discovered and associated with respiratory disease in small children. However, many patients have presented with low viral DNA loads, suggesting HBoV persistence and rendering polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis problematic. ... |
Identification of Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus by Chemical Genetics | Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infected more than 8,000 people across 29 countries and caused more than 900 fatalities. Based on the concept of chemical genetics, we screened 50,240 structurally diverse small molecules from which we identified 104 compounds with anti-SA... |
Feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 virus detection from consumer-grade cotton swabs | To control the growing COVID-19 pandemic, increased testing and containment is essential, yet clinical-grade sampling supplies are expensive and rapidly being depleted. We demonstrate the feasibility of using alternative consumer-grade swabs stored in 95% ethanol rather than viral transport media to detect SARS-CoV-2 f... |
Different inflammatory responses are associated with Ureaplasma parvum-induced UTI and urolith formation | BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show a strong association between Ureaplasmas and urogenital tract disease in humans. Since healthy humans can be colonized with Ureaplasmas, its role as a pathogen remains controversial. In order to begin to define the role of the host in disease, we developed a rodent model of urinar... |
Asymptomatic and symptomatic respiratory virus infection detected in naso-pharyngeal swabs from solid organ transplant recipients early after transplantation | |
Can an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine be developed for the older population? | The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its inordinately rapid spread is posing severe challenges to the wellbeing of millions of people worldwide, health care systems and the global economy. While many younger people experience no or mild symptoms on infection, older adults are highly susceptible to life-threatening respirato... |
Influenza C virus and bovine coronavirus esterase reveal a similar catalytic mechanism: new insights for drug discovery | Both, the influenza C (INF-C) virus haemagglutinin esterase fusion and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) haemagglutinin esterase surface glycoproteins exhibit a lectin binding capability and a receptor-destroying 9-O-acetyl esterase activity that recognise 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac(2))-containing glycans. He... |
Evaluation of knowledge and behavior of workers in Prince Mohammed International Airport in Western Saudi Arabia regarding public health emergency measures applied during Hajj season 2014 | OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the knowledge and behavior of workers at a Saudi airport regarding public health emergency measures applied during Hajj season. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Prince Mohammed International Airport in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia between August and Septe... |
Viral Surveillance of Children with Acute Respiratory Infection in Two Main Hospitals in Northern Jordan, Irbid, during Winter of 2016 | Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Data regarding the etiology of acute respiratory infection (ARI) is scarce in developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify the viral etiology of ARI/ALRI in hospitalized children and factors associated with in... |
Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice | A novel β-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused severe and even fetal pneumonia explored in a seafood market of Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, and rapidly spread to other provinces of China and other countries. The 2019-nCoV was different from SARS-CoV, but shared the same host receptor the human angiotensin-converting en... |
Coronavirus Infection in Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Disease of Infants | A serologic surveillance of lower respiratory tract disease in 417 hospitalized children under 18 months of age revealed infection with coronaviruses (strains OC43 and/or 229E) in 34 (8.2%). During the same interval, one of 13 control infants was infected. There were two distinct periods lasting six and 14 weeks, respe... |
Meeting the challenges imposed by COVID-19: Guidance document by the ESTRO Radiation TherapisT Committee (RTTC) | COVID-19 – a novel coronavirus was firstly reported in December 2019. In response to threats imposed by COVID-19, the European society for radiotherapy and oncology Radiation TherapisT Committee (ESTRO RTTC) prepared this document in conjunction with an infographic with four main domains: patient care, RTT workflow, re... |
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MENTAL HEALTH: THE INTERACTIVE ROLES OF BRAIN BIOTYPES AND HUMAN CONNECTION | Abstract COVID-19 along with the mitigation strategies being used to address the virus pose significant threats to our individual and collective mental health. As the crisis evolves and persists, it will be increasingly important for the research community to conduct investigations that address the mental health conseq... |
Prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract of asymptomatic infected individuals | BACKGROUND: Duration of persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract of infected individuals has important clinical and epidemiological implications. AIM: We aimed to establish the duration and risk factors for persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract of asymptomatic infected individuals. ME... |
How health inequality affect responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa | The COVID-19 outbreak has infected millions of people across the world, caused hundreds of thousands of deaths, and collapsed national economies. Recognizing the importance of handwashing in preventing the spread of COVID-19, concerns have arisen about the condition of millions of Africans who lack access to hygiene fa... |
COVID‐19 and Telemedicine: A Revolution in Healthcare Delivery is at Hand | |
Post-traumatic stress symptoms in hemodialysis patients with MERS-CoV exposure | BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress symptoms can occur in patients with medical illness. During the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea in 2015, some dialysis patients in three centers who were incidentally exposed to patients or medical staff with confirmed MERS-CoV infection were isolated to... |
A framework for stimulating economic investments to prevent emerging diseases | |
Awareness, attitudes, and practices related to the swine influenza pandemic among the Saudi public | BACKGROUND: During an infectious disease outbreak, it is critical to learn as much as possible about the concerns, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the public. Such information can be crucial to the improvement of communication efforts by public health officials and clinicians. The aim of this study was to identif... |
Virus Entry: Open Sesame | Detailed information about the replication cycle of viruses and their interactions with host organisms is required to develop strategies to stop them. Cell biology studies, live-cell imaging, and systems biology have started to illuminate the multiple and subtly different pathways that animal viruses use to enter host ... |
Human CD4+ memory T-lymphocyte responses to SARS coronavirus infection | Abstract Little is known about CD4+ T-cell immunity to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus. In two SARS patients, we examined the memory CD4+ T-cell responses to peptides derived from SARS coronavirus structural proteins. We generated CD4+ T-cell lines to 3 peptides from the spike (S) protein and d... |
SARS‐COV‐2 and biomimetics: What saves the planet will save our health | [Image: see text] |
Will the Guidelines and Recommendations for Surgery During COVID-19 Pandemic still be valid if it Becomes Endemic? | The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all the healthcare sectors all over the world. The WHO and various other health organizations have been issuing recommendations and guidelines for surgical practice and patient management during the current pandemic. Some of these guidelines include triaging of the patients, p... |
Viral metagenomics, protein structure, and reverse genetics: Key strategies for investigating coronaviruses | Abstract Viral metagenomics, modeling of protein structure, and manipulation of viral genetics are key approaches that have laid the foundations of our understanding of coronavirus biology. In this review, we discuss the major advances each method has provided and discuss how future studies should leverage these strate... |
Chapter 8 Omics and Edible Vaccines | Abstract Molecular farming provides an unprecedented approach for the production of metabolites or proteins of medicinal value from plants used previously only in agricultural setting. These plants act as protein factories that can synthesize a variety of proteins free from pathogens such as plasma proteins, growth fac... |
The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19 | This study investigates the association between the treatment with heparin and mortality in patients admitted with Covid-19. Routinely recorded, clinical data, up to the 24th of April 2020, from the 2075 patients with Covid-19, admitted in 17 hospitals in Spain between the 1st of March and the 20th of April 2020 were u... |
Men hit harder by covid-19 | From lifestyle to immune system differences, there are a number of reasons why men may be more affected by covid-19, reports Graham Lawton |
Prospective etiological investigation of community-acquired pulmonary infections in hospitalized people living with HIV | The study of the etiological agents of community-acquired pulmonary infections is important to guide empirical therapy, requires constant updating, and has a substantial impact on the prognosis of patients. The objective of this study is to determine prospectively the etiology of community-acquired pulmonary infections... |
Prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: Findings from the CORONADO study and other recent reports | Abstract Diabetes mellitus is challenging in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of diabetes patients hospitalized in intensive care units for COVID-19 is two- to threefold higher, and the mortality rate at least double, than that of non-diabetes patients. As the population with diabetes is highly hete... |
Isolation and identification of enteroviruses from faecal samples in a differentiated epithelial cell line (HRT‐18) derived from human rectal carcinoma | A human rectal carcinoma‐derived differentiated epithelial cell line, HRT‐18, was inoculated with faecal samples in an attempt to grow coronavirus‐like particles (CVLP), which are widely prevalent in human stools in southern India. While CVLP did not grow in this cell line, a variety of enteroviruses were isolated from... |
Experimental and natural infections in MyD88- and IRAK-4-deficient mice and humans | Most Toll-like-receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) signal via myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4). The combined roles of these two receptor families in the course of experimental infections have been assessed in MyD88- and IRAK-4-... |
T cell subset counts in peripheral blood can be used as discriminatory biomarkers for diagnosis and severity prediction of COVID-19 | This study evaluated the significance of lymphocyte subsets detection in peripheral blood in the diagnosis and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our results revealed that CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T cells and NK cells were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients had a relatively slight d... |
Coronaviruses Lacking Exoribonuclease Activity Are Susceptible to Lethal Mutagenesis: Evidence for Proofreading and Potential Therapeutics | No therapeutics or vaccines currently exist for human coronaviruses (HCoVs). The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic in 2002–2003, and the recent emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in April 2012, emphasize the high probability of future zoonotic... |
Feline leukaemia. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management | Abstract Overview Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that may induce depression of the immune system, anaemia and/or lymphoma. Over the past 25 years, the prevalence of FeLV infection has decreased considerably, thanks both to reliable tests for the identification of viraemic carriers and to effective vaccin... |
Ultra-deep mutant spectrum profiling: improving sequencing accuracy using overlapping read pairs | BACKGOUND: High throughput sequencing is beginning to make a transformative impact in the area of viral evolution. Deep sequencing has the potential to reveal the mutant spectrum within a viral sample at high resolution, thus enabling the close examination of viral mutational dynamics both within- and between-hosts. Th... |
Hantaviruses and TNF-alpha act synergistically to induce ERK1/2 inactivation in Vero E6 cells | BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that the apathogenic Tula hantavirus induces apoptosis in Vero E6 epithelial cells. To assess the molecular mechanisms behind the induced apoptosis we studied the effects of hantavirus infection on cellular signaling pathways which promote cell survival. We previously also observ... |
The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study | BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused several hospital outbreaks, including a major outbreak at King Abdulaziz Medical City, a 940-bed tertiary-care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (August–September 2015). To learn from our experience, we described the critical care response to... |
Influenza A/H1N1 2009 Pandemic and Respiratory Virus Infections, Beijing, 2009–2010 | To determine the role of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 (A/H1N1 2009pdm) in acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and its impact on the epidemic of seasonal influenza viruses and other common respiratory viruses, nasal and throat swabs taken from 7,776 patients with suspected viral ARTIs from 2006 through 2010... |
A review of experimental infections with bluetongue virus in the mammalian host | Abstract Experimental infection studies with bluetongue virus (BTV) in the mammalian host have a history that stretches back to the late 18th century. Studies in a wide range of ruminant and camelid species as well as mice have been instrumental in understanding BTV transmission, bluetongue (BT) pathogenicity/pathogene... |
COVID-19 Mobile Positioning Data Contact Tracing and Patient Privacy Regulations: Exploratory Search of Global Response Strategies and the Use of Digital Tools in Nigeria | BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the biggest global economic and health challenge of the century. Its effect and impact are still evolving, with deaths estimated to reach 40 million if unchecked. One effective and complementary strategy to slow the spread and reduce the impact is to trace the ... |
Specific functions of lysosomal proteases in endocytic and autophagic pathways | Abstract Endolysosomal vesicles form a highly dynamic multifunctional cellular compartment that contains multiple highly potent proteolytic enzymes. Originally these proteases have been assigned to cooperate solely in executing the unselective ‘bulk proteolysis’ within the acidic milieu of the lysosome. Although to som... |
Explaining the geographic spread of emerging epidemics: a framework for comparing viral phylogenies and environmental landscape data | BACKGROUND: Phylogenetic analysis is now an important tool in the study of viral outbreaks. It can reconstruct epidemic history when surveillance epidemiology data are sparse, and can indicate transmission linkages among infections that may not otherwise be evident. However, a remaining challenge is to develop an analy... |
Dynamic Innate Immune Responses of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus Infection | Human lung epithelial cells are likely among the first targets to encounter invading severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Not only can these cells support the growth of SARS-CoV infection, but they are also capable of secreting inflammatory cytokines to initiate and, eventually, aggravat... |
SARS-CoV-2 infection control measures for the anesthesiology department: Experience from the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China | |
Novelty in the gut: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 | BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 epidemic has affected over 2.6 million people across 210 countries. Recent studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 experience relevant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the GI symptoms of COVID-19. METHODS: A literature search wa... |
The Coronavirus pandemic and the principle of common good | |
Associations of stay-at-home order and face-masking recommendation with trends in daily new cases and deaths of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the United States | OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of stay-at-home order and face-masking recommendation with trends in daily new cases and deaths of laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States DESIGN: Piecewise log-linear modelling of temporal trends with turning-points, followed by quasi-experim... |
A polymorphism of the TIM-1 IgV domain: Implications for the susceptibility to filovirus infection | Abstract Filoviruses, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates with mortality rates of up to 90%. Human T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is one of the host proteins that have been shown to promote filovirus entry into cells. In this study, we cl... |
Rapid Response: Activity from a hospital based Urgent Dental Care Centre during the COVID-19 pandemic | Abstract Aim On 23rd March, the UK Government announced a nationwide lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the unequivocal and absolute cessation of all elective dental treatment. With much conflicting evidence on best practice to deliver safe treatment comprising of emergency dento-alveolar surge... |
Expression of voltage-gated calcium channels in tumour cell lines of neuroectodermal or other origin | |
Use of virus vectors for the expression in plants of active full‐length and single chain anti‐coronavirus antibodies | To extend the potential of antibodies and their derivatives to provide passive protection against enteric infections when supplied orally in crude plant extracts, we have expressed both a small immune protein (SIP) and a full‐length antibody in plants using two different plant virus vectors based on potato virus X (PVX... |
Partitioning of Viruses in Wastewater Systems and Potential for Aerosolization | [Image: see text] To gain insight into the potential for aerosolization of viruses in wastewater systems, we investigated the partitioning of MS2 and Phi6 bacteriophages in synthetic sludge and anaerobically digested sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. We evaluated partitioning among the liquid, solids, and mater... |
Pregnancy with Covid‐19: Management considerations for care of severe and critically ill cases | Pregnant women are a potentially highly vulnerable population due to anatomical, physiological and immunological changes under the Covid‐19 pandemic. Issues related to pregnancy with Covid‐19 attracted widespread attention from researchers. A large number of articles were published aiming to elaborate clinical characte... |
Public perception and attitudes to disaster risks in a coastal metropolis of Saudi Arabia | Abstract Disaster risk reduction is an increasingly important policy issue, especially in developing countries that suffer most of the global human and economic losses associated with disasters. Indeed, public awareness and attitudes can help in disaster risk reduction and management efforts toward reducing mortality a... |
Postexposure management of healthcare personnel to infectious diseases | Healthcare personnel (HCP) are at risk of exposure to various pathogens through their daily tasks and may serve as a reservoir for ongoing disease transmission in the healthcare setting. Management of HCP exposed to infectious agents can be disruptive to patient care, time-consuming, and costly. Exposure of HCP to an i... |
Clinical course of a critically ill patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) | Although several studies have reported on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), clinical course of the most severe cases requiring treatment in ICU have been insufficiently reported. A 73-year-old man traveling on a cruise ship... |
Prevalence of antibody to human coronaviruses 229E, OC43 and neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus (NCDCV) in patients of Northern Italy | A seroepidemiological study for detection of antibody to human coronaviruses OC43, 229E, and neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus (NCDCV), has been carried out using sera collected from hospitalized patients or healthy persons through routine laboratory tests in Northern Italy. Patients tested were children and adults wi... |
A simple method for the detection of measles virus genome by loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) | Approximately 20,000–30,000 measles patients were reported in a surveillance of infectious diseases because of low vaccine coverage of 80% in Japan. Among them, some were thought to be secondary vaccine failure (SVF) with generally mild or non‐typical measles illness and sometimes became a source of further transmissio... |
Interferon-gamma coordinates CCL3-mediated neutrophil recruitment in vivo | BACKGROUND: We have shown previously that acute infection with the respiratory pathogen, pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), results in local production of the proinflammatory chemokine, CCL3, and that neutrophil recruitment in response to PVM infection is reduced dramatically in CCL3 -/- mice. RESULTS: In this work, we dem... |
Trends in influenza vaccination coverage in Portugal from 1998 to 2010: effect of major pandemic threats | BACKGROUND: Vaccination is the key measure available for prevention of the public health burden of annual influenza epidemics. This article describes national trends in seasonal influenza vaccine (IV) coverage in Portugal from 1998/99 to 2010/11, analyzes progress towards meeting WHO 2010 coverage goals, and addresses ... |
The Relationships between Respiratory Virus Infection and Aminotransferase in Children | PURPOSE: We sought to examine the relationship between the clinical manifestations of nonspecific reactive hepatitis and respiratory virus infection in pediatric patients. METHODS: Patients admitted to the pediatric unit of Konyang University Hospital for lower respiratory tract disease between January 1, 2014 and Dece... |
Rotavirus A in wild and domestic animals from areas with environmental degradation in the Brazilian Amazon | Acute gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of mortality in humans and young animals. Domestic and mainly wild animals such as bats, small rodents and birds are highly diversified animals in relation to their habitats and ecological niches and are widely distributed geographically in environments of forest fragment... |
New onset anosmia and ageusia in adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 | OBJECTIVE: We investigated the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in adult patients with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS: A retrospective observational analysis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to hospital or managed in the community ... |
Response to ‘Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank’ | |
Invertebrate RNA virus diversity from a taxonomic point of view | Abstract Invertebrates are hosts to diverse RNA viruses that have all possible types of encapsidated genomes (positive, negative and ambisense single stranded RNA genomes, or a double stranded RNA genome). These viruses also differ markedly in virion morphology and genome structure. Invertebrate RNA viruses are present... |
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