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Cotranslational Folding Stimulates Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting in the Alphavirus Structural Polyprotein | Viruses maximize their genetic coding capacity through a variety of biochemical mechanisms including programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF), which facilitates the production of multiple proteins from a single transcript. PRF is typically stimulated by structural elements within the mRNA that generate mechanical tensi... |
Immunological Response to Single Pathogen Challenge with Agents of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex: An RNA-Sequence Analysis of the Bronchial Lymph Node Transcriptome | Susceptibility to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is multi-factorial and is influenced by stress in conjunction with infection by both bacterial and viral pathogens. While vaccination is broadly used in an effort to prevent BRD, it is far from being fully protective and cases diagnosed from a combination of observed c... |
Diabetes self-management amid COVID-19 pandemic | Abstract Background and aims COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the physician-centered approach of diabetes care in India that is primarily based on routine clinic visits. We aim to review the various aspects of patient-centered care via diabetes self-management education based on available literature. Methods This is a ... |
Etiology of respiratory tract infections in the community and clinic in Ilorin, Nigeria | OBJECTIVE: Recognizing increasing interest in community disease surveillance globally, the goal of this study was to investigate whether respiratory viruses circulating in the community may be represented through clinical (hospital) surveillance in Nigeria. RESULTS: Children were selected via convenience sampling from ... |
Virus Factories and Mini-Organelles Generated for Virus Replication | Abstract Many viruses replicate and assemble in subcellular microenvironments called virus factories or ‘viroplasm.’ Virus factories increase the efficiency of replication and at the same time protect viruses from antiviral defenses. We describe how viruses reorganize cellular membrane compartments and cytoskeleton to ... |
Viral etiology of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in Cameroon, 2011–2013 | BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) is recognized as an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization among children in developing countries. Little is known, however, in tropical countries like Cameroon about the cause and seasonality of respiratory infections, especially in hospitalized... |
Innate sensing of oxidation-specific epitopes in health and disease | Ageing, infections and inflammation result in oxidative stress that can irreversibly damage cellular structures. The oxidative damage of lipids in membranes or lipoproteins is one of these deleterious consequences that not only alters lipid function but also leads to the formation of neo-self epitopes — oxidation-speci... |
Chapter 10 Animal Models No Model Is Perfect, but Many Are Useful | Abstract Full evaluation of the interactions between a virus and host during infection and clearance requires a living organism. A live animal is also necessary for development of vaccines requiring evaluation of immunogenicity and an immune response that protects from challenge. Study of the natural host for the virus... |
Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19: Combination of Pulmonary and IV Administration May Offer Aditional Benefit | Remdesivir is one of the most promising drugs to treat COVID-19 based on the following facts: remdesivir has a broad-spectrum antiviral mechanism of action; it demonstrated in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and in vivo efficacy in animal models against the similar coronavirus MERS-CoV; its safety profile has been te... |
Unbiased metagenomic sequencing complements specific routine diagnostic methods and increases chances to detect rare viral strains | Abstract Multiplex PCR assays for respiratory viruses are widely used in routine diagnostics, as they are highly sensitive, rapid, and cost effective. However, depending on the assay system, cross-reactivity between viruses that share a high sequence homology as well as detection of rare virus isolates with sequence va... |
Prevention of influenza among travellers attending at a UK travel clinic: beliefs and perceptions. A cross‐sectional study | Please cite this paper as: Masuet‐Aumatell et al. (2012) Prevention of influenza among travellers attending at a UK travel clinic: beliefs and perceptions. A cross‐sectional study. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(4), 574–583. Background Travellers’ compliance with measures to prevent influenza through the use... |
Household practices related to disease transmission between animals and humans in rural Cambodia | BACKGROUND: Zoonotic diseases are disproportionately affecting poor societies in low-income countries and pose a growing threat to public health and global food security. Rural Cambodian households may face an increased likelihood of exposure to zoonotic diseases as people there live in close association with livestock... |
Development of a SARS Coronavirus Vaccine from Recombinant Spike Protein Plus Delta Inulin Adjuvant | Given periodic outbreaks of fatal human infections caused by coronaviruses, development of an optimal coronavirus vaccine platform capable of rapid production is an ongoing priority. This chapter describes the use of an insect cell expression system for rapid production of a recombinant vaccine against severe acute res... |
Haemovigilance of reactions associated with red blood cell transfusion: comparison across 17 Countries | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The recent establishment of the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module in the United States affords an opportunity to compare results with those of other developed nations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using data from national haemovigilance systems, reactions associated with red b... |
Emergence of canine parvovirus type 2c in domestic dogs and cats from Thailand | Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) is an important pathogen causing haemorrhagic enteritis in domestic dogs and wildlife worldwide. In early 2000, canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV‐2c) was first reported and subsequently became a predominant subtype circulating in Europe and the Americas. CPV‐2c has also been reported in As... |
Interhuman transmissibility of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: estimation of pandemic risk | BACKGROUND: The new Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection shares many clinical, epidemiological, and virological similarities with that of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV. We aimed to estimate virus transmissibility and the epidemic potential of MERS-CoV, and to compare the resu... |
Method for contamination of filtering facepiece respirators by deposition of MS2 viral aerosols | Abstract A droplet/aerosol loading chamber was designed to deliver uniform droplets/aerosols onto substrates. An ultrasonic nebulizer was used to produce virus-containing droplets from artificial saliva to emulate those from coughing and sneezing. The operating conditions were determined by adjusting various parameters... |
Compassionate use remdesivir for treatment of severe COVID-19 in pregnant women at a United States academic center | |
Cuba y seguridad sanitaria mundial: Cuba’s role in global health security | Cuba has been largely absent in academic and policy discourse on global health security, yet Cuba’s history of medical internationalism and its domestic health system have much to offer contemporary global health security debates. In this paper, we examine what we identify as key traits of Cuban health security, as the... |
Peptide Bioinformatics- Peptide Classification Using Peptide Machines | Peptides scanned from whole protein sequences are the core information for many peptide bioinformatics research subjects, such as functional site prediction, protein structure identification, and protein function recognition. In these applications, we normally need to assign a peptide to one of the given categories usi... |
Human rights violations in organ procurement practice in China | BACKGROUND: Over 90% of the organs transplanted in China before 2010 were procured from prisoners. Although Chinese officials announced in December 2014 that the country would completely cease using organs harvested from prisoners, no regulatory adjustments or changes in China’s organ donation laws followed. As a resul... |
Assembling an ion channel: ORF 3a from SARS‐CoV | Protein 3a is a 274 amino acid polytopic channel protein with three putative transmembrane domains (TMDs) encoded by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS‐CoV). Synthetic peptides corresponding to each of its three individual transmembrane domains (TMDs) are reconstituted into artificial lipid bilayers. ... |
Epidemiological and clinical study of viral respiratory tract infections in children from Italy | Impact of recently discovered viruses on epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) is still unclear. We studied the impact of recently discovered human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (HBoV), and new coronaviruses (HCoV‐NL63 and HKU1) on the global epidemiology of ARTI. From October 2006 to Apri... |
The best of SBP-BRiMS | |
Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 | INTRODUCTION: Recent reports suggest that sudden smell loss might be a symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of olfactory loss in an outpatient population who presented to a coronavirus testing center during a 2-week period and to evaluate the diagnostic value of the sy... |
Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Boon for Viral Diagnostics | Abstract Rapidly evolving viral strains leading to epidemics and pandemics necessitates quick diagnostics and treatment to halt the progressive march of the disease. Optical biosensors like surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have emerged in recent times as a most reliable diagnostic device owing to their portability, repr... |
Author Correction: China’s response to a novel coronavirus stands in stark contrast to the 2002 SARS outbreak response | An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. |
Gene silencing by RNAi in mouse Sertoli cells | BACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) is a valuable tool in the investigation of gene function. The purpose of this study was to examine the availability, target cell types and efficiency of RNAi in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. METHODS: The experimental model was based on transgenic mice expressing EGFP (enhanced g... |
Investigations into the presence of nidoviruses in pythons | BACKGROUND: Pneumonia and stomatitis represent severe and often fatal diseases in different captive snakes. Apart from bacterial infections, paramyxo-, adeno-, reo- and arenaviruses cause these diseases. In 2014, new viruses emerged as the cause of pneumonia in pythons. In a few publications, nidoviruses have been repo... |
Ten Most Important Accomplishments in Risk Analysis, 1980–2010 | |
Genesis of an emergency public drug information website by the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics during the COVID‐19 pandemic | On March 16, 2020, the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics put online a national Question and Answer (Q&A) website, http://https%20%5Ch://sfpt-fr.org/covid19 on the proper use of drugs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The working group “Drugs and COVID‐19” was composed of a scientific council, an editorial tea... |
Medico-legal assessment of COVID-19 infection in the workplace | Abstract Spain is one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, 22% of reported cases are healthcare professionals, and 76% of them are women. Given that many healthcare professionals may have been infected in their workplace, we have reviewed the occupational health challenges posed by COVID-19... |
Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhances growth performance in Qingyuan partridge chicken by up‐regulating the mRNA expression of SGLT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5 | The ban on the use of antibiotic in feed encouraged nutritionists to using alternatives to maintain growth performance and intestinal function of broilers. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides (YP) supplementation on growth performance and expression of SGLT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5 i... |
OAS single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with variations in immune responses to rubella vaccine | Interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral genes are crucial players in innate antiviral defense and potential determinants of immune response heterogeneity. We selected 114 candidate SNPs from 12 antiviral genes using an LD tagSNP selection approach and genotyped them in a cohort of 738 schoolchildren immunized with two doses... |
Panique et pandémie: revue de la littérature sur les liens entre le trouble panique et l'épidémie à SARS-CoV-2 | Résumé L’état de panique associé à la pandémie liée au SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) incite à s’interroger sur les troubles anxieux que cette situation pourrait générer ou aggraver. Si la littérature a déjà fourni des projections généralistes en la matière, les données concrètes concernen... |
Alongshan virus in Russia | In recent decades, many new flavivirus-like viruses have been discovered predominantly in different invertebrates and, as was recently shown, some of them may cause disease in humans. The Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) group holds a special place among flavivirus-like viruses because, in contrast to the “classic” flavivirus... |
Identification and Characterization of Three Novel Small Interference RNAs That Effectively Down-Regulate the Isolated Nucleocapsid Gene Expression of SARS Coronavirus | Nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a major pathological determinant in the host that may cause host cell apoptosis, upregulate the proinflammatory cytokine production, and block innate immune responses. Therefore, N gene has long been thought an ideal targ... |
Subversion of host stress granules by coronaviruses: Potential roles of π‐rich disordered domains of viral nucleocapsids | Coronavirus nucleocapsids (CoV N's) play both structural and non‐structural roles in viral life‐cycle. Here, we propose a mechanism for host stress granule (SG) subversion by CoV N proteins. We posit that disordered domains of CoV N's can engage in π‐π intermolecular fuzzy interactions with host SG proteins and are cru... |
Challenges in Preparing and managing the critical care services for a large urban area during COVID-19 outbreak: Perspective from Delhi | Abstract The Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has put the healthcare services all over the world into a challenging situation. The contagious nature of the disease and the respiratory failure necessitating ventilatory care of these patients has put extra burden on the intensive care unit (ICU) services. Ind... |
Chapter 11 Kawasaki Disease | Publisher Summary Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis usually occurring in children younger than five years, and rarely reported in neonates and adults. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatments of KD. The etiology still remains un... |
5.20 Antiviral Drugs for Acute Infections | Abstract After the great success of the research and development of antiviral drugs to treat chronic infections like HIV and hepatitis C, attention is turning to treatment of acute viral infections. In this article, we illustrate the potential for developing antiviral drugs to treat such infections. Four distinct clini... |
Adaptive mechanism between dynamical synchronization and epidemic behavior on complex networks | Many realistic epidemic networks display statistically synchronous behavior which we will refer to as epidemic synchronization. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no theoretical study of epidemic synchronization. In fact, in many cases, synchronization and epidemic behavior can arise simultaneously a... |
The Safety of an Adjuvanted Autologous Cancer Vaccine Platform in Canine Cancer Patients | Canine cancer rates are similar to humans, though the therapeutic options might be limited. Inducing a patient’s own immune system to have an anti-tumor response is an attractive approach to cancer therapy. In this safety study, autologous tumor vaccines produced specifically for each canine patient were combined with ... |
COVID-19: Development of a robust mathematical model and simulation package with consideration for ageing population and time delay for control action and resusceptibility | The current global health emergency triggered by the pandemic COVID-19 is one of the greatest challenges mankind face in this generation. Computational simulations have played an important role to predict the development of the current pandemic. Such simulations enable early indications on the future projections of the... |
Diversity of upper respiratory tract infections and prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization among patients with fever and flu-like symptoms | BACKGROUND: Many upper respiratory pathogens cause similar symptoms. In China, routine molecular tests for upper respiratory pathogens are not widely performed and antibiotics abuse in treating upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) is a major public health concern. METHODS: We performed qualitative real-time PCR t... |
Characteristics of Parker's rat coronavirus (PRC) replicated in L-2 cells | Parker's rat coronavirus (PRC) is a naturally-occurring viral infection of the laboratory rat. On the first passage, ATCC strain 8190 of PRC replicated in L-2 cells. Using the tenth passage of PRC in L-2 cells, the characteristics of the virus were compared with previous studies of sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) repl... |
Hyperinflammatory shock related to COVID‐19 in a patient presenting with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: First case from Iran | |
Virus‐derived small RNAs: molecular footprints of host–pathogen interactions | Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites that require the host machinery to replicate. During their replication cycle, viral RNA intermediates can be recognized and degraded by different antiviral mechanisms that include RNA decay, RNA interference, and RNase L pathways. As a consequence of viral RNA degradation,... |
Using Ontario's "Telehealth" health telephone helpline as an early-warning system: a study protocol | BACKGROUND: The science of syndromic surveillance is still very much in its infancy. While a number of syndromic surveillance systems are being evaluated in the US, very few have had success thus far in predicting an infectious disease event. Furthermore, to date, the majority of syndromic surveillance systems have bee... |
Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes of patients coinfected with COVID‐19 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the USA | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is spreading at a rapid pace, and the World Health Organization declared it as pandemic on 11 March 2020. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an "atypical" bacterial pathogen commonly known to cause respiratory illness in hu... |
Surveillance for respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus among patients hospitalized with pneumonia in Sarawak, Malaysia | BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) are frequent causes of pneumonia and death among children at Sibu and Kapit Hospitals in Sarawak, Malaysia. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for RSV subtypes A and B and PIV types 1–4 among patients hospitalized with pne... |
Effect of Health Education on Healthcare-Seeking Behavior of Migrant Workers in China | Health education is considered to be an effective way to improve the healthcare-seeking behavior of migrant workers. This study examined the impact of health education on healthcare-seeking behavior of migrant workers in China and explored the differences in different health education methods. This paper used the 2017 ... |
Selection for 3′-End Triplets for Polymerase Chain Reaction Primers | Primer extension by thermostable DNA polymerase in PCR starts from the 3′-end of a primer. If the PCR starting process fails, the entire PCR fails. Primer sequences at the 3′-end often interfere with success in PCR experiments. Over 2000 primer sequences from successful PCR experiments used with varieties of templates ... |
Genotyping of infectious bronchitis viruses from broiler farms in Iraq during 2014-2015 | Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the most critical pathogens in the poultry industry, causing serious economic losses in all countries including Iraq. IBV has many genotypes that do not confer any cross-protection. This virus has been genotyped by sequence analysis of the S1 glycoprotein gene. A total of 100... |
RELACIÓN ENTRE OBESIDAD, DIABETES E INGRESO EN UCI EN PACIENTES COVID-19 | |
Mouse hepatitis virus | Abstract Inoculation of mice with most neurotropic strains of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus results in an immune response-mediated demyelinating disease that serves as an excellent animal model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. Recent work has shown that either virus-specific CD4+ or CD8+ T cells are ab... |
Risk Factors for SARS Transmission from Patients Requiring Intubation: A Multicentre Investigation in Toronto, Canada | BACKGROUND: In the 2003 Toronto SARS outbreak, SARS-CoV was transmitted in hospitals despite adherence to infection control procedures. Considerable controversy resulted regarding which procedures and behaviours were associated with the greatest risk of SARS-CoV transmission. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was c... |
Experimental study of gaseous and particulate contaminants distribution in an aircraft cabin | Abstract The environment of the aircraft cabin greatly influences the comfort and health of passengers and crew members. Contaminant transport has a strong effect on disease spreading in the cabin environment. To obtain the complex cabin contaminant distribution fields accurately and completely, which is also essential... |
Cómo la pandemia por COVID-19 ha cambiado la forma de atender a las pacientes en una unidad de uroginecología | RESUMEN La actual pandemia ocasionada por el SARS-coronavirus tipo 2 ha generado, en pocas semanas, cambios importantes en el funcionamiento del sistema sanitario y la forma en cómo se realiza la atención a las pacientes. La patología Uroginecológica afecta a la calidad de vida, pero sin riesgo vital en la mayoría de c... |
Are countries’ self-reported assessments of their capacity for infectious disease control reliable? Associations among countries’ self-reported international health regulation 2005 capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes | BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 (IHR 2005) capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes. METHODS: Countries’ self-reported assessments implemented by percentages as IHR Monitoring Tools (IHRMT) in 2016 and 2017 wer... |
An address to the European immunology community concerning the Coronavirus pandemic | |
The possibility of COVID‐19 transmission from eye to nose | |
COVID-19 Outbreak Perception in Italian Dentists | The aim of this study is an evaluation of the Italian dentists’ knowledge regarding COVID-19 and their perception of the risks associated with COVID-19, their attitude in resuming their activities, and how they judge the institutional intervention on a health and economic basis. Methods: This research evaluated Italian... |
A decade of the sharing economy: Concepts, users, business and governance perspectives | Sharing economy platforms have been transforming production and consumption systems in cities around the world. While the sharing economy may contribute to addressing sustainability issues, its actual economic, social and environmental impacts remain poorly understood. Advancing more sustainably promising forms of shar... |
Imiquimod suppresses respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication via PKA pathway and reduces RSV induced-inflammation and viral load in mice lungs | Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease and bronchiolitis in children, as well as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. However, there is no safe and efficacious RSV vaccine or antiviral treatment. Toll Like R... |
A systematic review and evaluation of Zika virus forecasting and prediction research during a public health emergency of international concern | Epidemic forecasting and prediction tools have the potential to provide actionable information in the midst of emerging epidemics. While numerous predictive studies were published during the 2016-2017 Zika Virus (ZIKV) pandemic, it remains unknown how timely, reproducible and actionable the information produced by thes... |
Deciphering of the Human Interferon-Regulated Proteome by Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantitative Analysis Reveals Extent and Dynamics of Protein Induction and Repression | Interferons (IFNs) are pleotropic cytokines secreted upon encounter of pathogens and tumors. Applying their antipathogenic, antiproliferative, and immune stimulatory capacities, recombinant IFNs are frequently prescribed as drugs to treat different diseases. IFNs act by changing the gene expression profile of cells. Du... |
Epidemiology of the first 100 cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan and its implications on outbreak control | Abstract Purpose To describe the epidemiology and outcome of the first 100 COVID-19 cases in Taiwan. Methods We included the first 100 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taiwan. Demographic, clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data were extracted from outbreak investigation reports and medi... |
This time is indeed different: A study on global market reactions to public health crisis() | This paper studies the differences in stock market reactions to the same kind of disease-related news by analyzing abnormal returns of global stock markets during Public Health Risk Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) announcements. Drawing the data from 26 stock market indices over the period from 22 April 2008... |
Deubiquitinases and cancer: A snapshot | Abstract Ubiquitination is the vital system for controlling protein degradation and regulation of basic cellular processes. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are emerging as an important regulator of several pathways related to cancer and other diseases. Their ability to detach ubiquitin from the target substrate and regulation o... |
Quantitative Temporal in Vivo Proteomics Deciphers the Transition of Virus-Driven Myeloid Cells into M2 Macrophages | [Image: see text] Myeloid cells play a central role in the context of viral eradication, yet precisely how these cells differentiate throughout the course of acute infections is poorly understood. In this study, we have developed a novel quantitative temporal in vivo proteomics (QTiPs) platform to capture proteomic sig... |
Full-Length Genome Sequence of a Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain, CH/GDZQ/2014, Responsible for a Severe Outbreak of Diarrhea in Piglets in Guangdong, China, 2014 | The full-length genome sequence of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain, CH/GDZQ/2014, was determined. The isolate was a variant strain with a relatively far relationship with the PEDV strains previously identified in the same area between 2011 and 2012 and was genetically distinct from the CV777-bas... |
Re-examining risk premiums in the Fama–French model: The role of investor sentiment | Abstract This paper reconstructs the Fama–French three-factor (F–F) model as a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) framework to investigate the differentiated effects of investor sentiment proxies-the volatility index (VIX), credit default swap (CDS), and TED spread-on the three risk premiums. Sample period spans... |
Letters Published in the June Issue | |
DC-SIGN and L-SIGN: the SIGNs for infection | Two closely related trans-membrane C-type lectins dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAM)-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN or CD209) and liver/lymph node-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (L-SIGN also known as DC-SIGNR, CD209L or CLEC4M) directly recognize a wide range of micro-organisms of ... |
COVID-19 Disease: Non-Invasive Ventilation and High Frequency Nasal Oxygenation | Abstract Severe COVID-19 causes significant numbers of patients to develop respiratory symptoms that require increasing interventions. Initially, the treatment for severe respiratory failure included early intubation and invasive ventilation, as this was deemed preferable to be more effective than Non-Invasive Ventilat... |
Pteropine orthoreovirus infection among out‐patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection in Malaysia | This study aims to assess the incidence rate of Pteropine orthreovirus (PRV) infection in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in a suburban setting in Malaysia, where bats are known to be present in the neighborhood. Using molecular detection of PRVs directly from oropharyngeal swabs, our study... |
Local disease–ecosystem–livelihood dynamics: reflections from comparative case studies in Africa | This article explores the implications for human health of local interactions between disease, ecosystems and livelihoods. Five interdisciplinary case studies addressed zoonotic diseases in African settings: Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Kenya, human African trypanosomiasis in Zambia and Zimbabwe, Lassa fever in Sierra Le... |
Arboviral diseases and COVID‐19 in Brazil: Concerns regarding climatic, sanitation and endemic scenario | Brazil is witnessing a massive increase of COVID‐19 cases and may face some difficulties, not only regarding to other respiratory pathogens, but also to other relevant issues parallelly occurring, for instance, the beggining of autumn and winter seasons, which provides a longer period with high transmissibility of resp... |
Pre-existing liver disease is associated with poor outcome in patients with SARS CoV2 infection; The APCOLIS Study (APASL COVID-19 Liver Injury Spectrum Study) | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: COVID-19 is a dominant pulmonary disease, with multisystem involvement, depending upon comorbidities. Its profile in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) is largely unknown. We studied the liver injury patterns of SARS-Cov-2 in CLD patients, with or without cirrhosis. METHODS: Dat... |
Cleavage of the SARS Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein by Airway Proteases Enhances Virus Entry into Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Vitro | BACKGROUND: Entry of enveloped viruses into host cells requires the activation of viral envelope glycoproteins through cleavage by either intracellular or extracellular proteases. In order to gain insight into the molecular basis of protease cleavage and its impact on the efficiency of viral entry, we investigated the ... |
Comparison of an injectable toltrazuril-gleptoferron (Forceris®) and an oral toltrazuril (Baycox®) + injectable iron dextran for the control of experimentally induced piglet cystoisosporosis | BACKGROUND: Cystoisospora suis causes diarrhoeal disease and reduced weight gain in suckling piglets, and a toltrazuril-based oral suspension is available for treatment. Recently a combinatorial product with toltrazuril plus iron has been developed for parenteral application. In this study we compared the efficacy of t... |
Protein Chip Array Profiling Analysis in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Identified Serum Amyloid A Protein as a Biomarker Potentially Useful in Monitoring the Extent of Pneumonia | Background: A new strain of coronavirus (CoV) has caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), with 8098 individuals being infected and 774 deaths worldwide. We carried out protein chip array profiling analysis in an attempt to identify biomarkers that might be useful in monitoring the clinical cours... |
Transfusion transmitted infections: How many more? | |
SARS-CoV heptad repeat 2 is a trimer of parallel helices | In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, the envelope heptad repeat 2 (HR2) plays a critical role in viral entry. Moreover, HR2 is both the target for novel antiviral therapies and, as an isolated peptide, presents a potential antiviral therapeutic. The structure of HR2, as determined by NMR spectroscopy in th... |
Performance of radiologists in differentiating COVID-19 from viral pneumonia on chest CT | BACKGROUND: Despite its high sensitivity in diagnosing COVID-19 in a screening population, chest CT appearances of COVID 19 pneumonia are thought to be non-specific. PURPOSE: To assess the performance of United States (U.S.) and Chinese radiologists in differentiating COVID-19 from viral pneumonia on chest CT. METHODS:... |
LC-APCI-MS method for detection and analysis of tryptanthrin, indigo, and indirubin in Daqingye and Banlangen | Abstract A rapid, selective, and sensitive LC-APCI-MS method is developed in this study for detecting and analyzing tryptanthrin, indigo, and indirubin in Daqingye and Banlangen, which are, respectively, the leaves and roots of Isatis indigotica and Strobilanthes cusia in traditional Chinese medicine. The detection of ... |
Respiratory viruses in the intensive care unit: More frequent than expected | |
New angiotensins | Accumulation of a large body of evidence during the past two decades testifies to the complexity of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). The incorporation of novel enzymatic pathways, resulting peptides, and their corresponding receptors into the biochemical cascade of the RAS provides a better understanding of its role... |
Nucleoside analogs as a rich source of antiviral agents active against arthropod-borne flaviviruses | Nucleoside analogs represent the largest class of small molecule-based antivirals, which currently form the backbone of chemotherapy of chronic infections caused by HIV, hepatitis B or C viruses, and herpes viruses. High antiviral potency and favorable pharmacokinetics parameters make some nucleoside analogs suitable a... |
Comparing the Cobas Liat Influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial virus assay with multiplex nucleic acid testing | Influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detection with short turn‐around‐time (TAT) is pivotal for rapid decisions regarding treatment and infection control. However, negative rapid testing results may come from poor assay sensitivity or from influenza‐like illnesses caused by other community‐acquired res... |
Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Deltacoronavirus Strain CH/JXJGS01/2016, Isolated in Jiangxi Province, China, 2016 | The complete genome sequence of a variant of porcine deltacoronavirus, isolated from a diarrheal piglet and designated CH/JXJGS01/2016, was sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CH/JXJGS01/2016 shares the highest nucleotide and amino acid identities with the Chinese strain NH (GenBank accessio... |
Invasive strategy for COVID patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome: The first multicenter Italian experience | OBJECTIVE: To report our initial experience of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)/acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing standard of care invasive management. BACKGROUND: The rapid diffusion of the SARS‐CoV‐2 together with the need for isolation for infected patients might be respon... |
Human gene and disease associations for clinical‐genomics and precision medicine research | We are entering the era of personalized medicine in which an individual's genetic makeup will eventually determine how a doctor can tailor his or her therapy. Therefore, it is becoming critical to understand the genetic basis of common diseases, for example, which genes predispose and rare genetic variants contribute t... |
Small Interfering RNA Effectively Inhibits the Expression of SARS Coronavirus Membrane Gene at Two Novel Targeting Sites | Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a class of duplex RNA molecules of 21-25 nt nucleotides in length functioning post-transcriptionally to downregulate targeted gene expression. The membrane (M) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is highly abundant during viral infections and i... |
Development of oligonucleotide microarray for accurate and simultaneous detection of avian respiratory viral diseases | BACKGROUND: Avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are important avian pathogens that can cause enormous economic loss on the poultry industry. Different respiratory etiological agents may induce similar clinical signs that make differential diagnosis difficult... |
COVID‐19 and Liver Dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies | BACKGROUND: Recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is the most significant global health crisis. In this study, we conducted a meta‐analysis to find the association between liver injuries and the severity of COVID‐19 disease. METHODS: Online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scien... |
Transmission maternofœtale des coronavirus humains. Étude prospective pilote | Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been implicated in neonatal nosocomial respiratory infection. Prior to our study, several cases of neonatal infection were observed in infants born at our hospital. This prospective pilot monocentric pilot study investigates the possibility of maternofetal transmission of HCoV responsibl... |
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses | Reverse genetics, an approach to rescue infectious virus entirely from a cloned cDNA, has revolutionized the field of positive-strand RNA viruses, whose genomes have the same polarity as cellular mRNA. The cDNA-based reverse genetics system is a seminal method that enables direct manipulation of the viral genomic RNA, ... |
Expect the Unexpected: A Rare Case of Pseudomonas aerguinosa Endocarditis | Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is extremely uncommon. Reported cases have usually been associated with intravenous drug use, prosthetic heart valves, and/or implanted cardiac devices. Traditionally, successful treatment has necessitated a combination of antimicrobial(s) and valve replaceme... |
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