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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ORF3 gene prolongs S-phase, facilitates formation of vesicles and promotes the proliferation of attenuated PEDV | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus that has received increasing attention since the emergence of a PEDV variant worldwide. Previous studies have shown that PEDV ORF3 encodes an ion channel protein. However, its influence on cell cycle and subcellular structure still require... |
Telemedicine and support groups could be used to improve adherence to treatment and health‐related quality of life in patients affected by inflammatory skin conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic | We have read with great interest the article by Deepak et al. which reported the measures applied during the COVID-19 emergency in order to answer to the request of consultations. Particularly they described the growing importance that telemedicine is having during this emergency, focusing on the use of mobile technolo... |
COVID-19 and the craniomaxillofacial surgical community. | The global outbreak of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19, has dramatically transformed all aspects of our daily lives The continually evolving understanding of the disease process and uncertainty regarding the availability of vital resources have created an unprecedented challenge, matched in magnitude by ... |
Cross‐sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and MERS‐CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012‐2015 | BACKGROUND: Approximately 80 000 Egyptians participate in Hajj pilgrimage annually. The purpose of this study was to estimate influenza virus and MERS‐CoV prevalence among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj. STUDY: A cross‐sectional survey among 3 364 returning Egyptian pilgrims from 2012 to 2015 was conducted. Naso... |
Chapter 96 Critical Care Viral Infections | Abstract Viral infections are a common cause of critical illness, particularly of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems. Most are managed by supportive care alone. Early identification is critical to proper care to facilitate antimicrobial de-escalation. A small subset of viruses has directed t... |
Personal Protection Prior to Preoperative Assessment—Little more an anaesthesiologist can do to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 infection | |
Chapter 186 Angiotensin II Peptides | ABSTRACT Much evidence supports the notion that angiotensin II (Ang II), the central product of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), may play a central role not only in the etiology of hypertension but also in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases in humans. Ang II, via the Ang II type 1 receptor, directly caus... |
COVID-19 PNEUMONIA IN A DUAL HEART-KIDNEY RECIPIENT | |
Immunization strategy based on the critical node in percolation transition | Abstract The problem of finding a better immunization strategy for controlling the spreading of the epidemic with limited resources has attracted much attention since its great theoretical significance and wide application. In this letter, we propose a novel and successful targeted immunization strategy based on percol... |
Experimental investigation of far‐field human cough airflows from healthy and influenza‐infected subjects | Seasonal influenza epidemics have been responsible for causing increased economic expenditures and many deaths worldwide. Evidence exists to support the claim that the virus can be spread through the air, but the relative significance of airborne transmission has not been well defined. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) ... |
Why “good enough” isn’t good enough: scientific data, not supply chain deficiencies should be driving CDC recommendations. | Abstract: Obstetricians and clinicians previously requested clarification from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on the need for full personal protective equipment including N95 respirators during the second stage of labor. The CDC responded with new guidance excluding the second stage of labor from ... |
Designing of CD8(+) and CD8(+)-overlapped CD4(+) epitope vaccine by targeting late and early proteins of human papillomavirus | BACKGROUND AND AIM: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an oncogenic agent that causes over 90% of cases of cervical cancer in the world. Currently available prophylactic vaccines are type specific and have less therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, we aimed to predict the potential species-specific and therapeutic epitopes fro... |
Innate Immune Responses and Viral-Induced Neurologic Disease | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, axonal damage, and demyelination. Cellular components of the adaptive immune response are viewed as important in initiating formation of demyelinating lesions in MS patients. This notion is supported by ... |
A warm welcome to our new editors | In this Editorial, the Editor‐in‐Chief Professor Miguel A. De la Rosa introduces the new members of the Editorial Board and discusses the effects of COVID‐19 on the journal. [Image: see text] |
A new prokaryotic expression vector for the expression of antimicrobial peptide abaecin using SUMO fusion tag | BACKGROUND: Despite the growing demand for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for clinical use as an alternative approach against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the manufacture of AMPs relies on expensive, small-scale chemical methods. The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) tag is industrially practical for increasing ... |
Coronavirus Pandemic as Black Swan Event | Nowadays coronavirus is the hottest break news around the world. This paper aims to study why coronavirus became so meaningful for worldwide life. On one side many countries closed their boarders to prevent coronavirus spreading. On another side some people said that coronavirus is no scared than simple influence. Wher... |
The morphology of virus particles. Classification of viruses | This chapter focuses on the studies on morphology of virus particles and their classification. The composition of a conventional virus can be described as follows. Centrally, the particle contains nucleic acid of varying quantity. This nucleic acid is either RNA or DNA but never both kinds simultaneously. Only certain ... |
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis of HIV-1-Infected Cells Is Efficiently Triggered by IgA Targeting HIV-1 Envelope Subunit gp41 | Antibodies mediate a broad array of non-neutralizing Fc-mediated functions against HIV-1 including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Accordingly, ADCC and ADCP induced by anti-HIV envelope gp120 IgG have been correlated to the limited success of the HIV... |
Converting monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapies from passive to active: bringing immune complexes into play | Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which currently constitute the main class of biotherapeutics, are now recognized as major medical tools that are increasingly being considered to fight severe viral infections. Indeed, the number of antiviral mAbs developed in recent years has grown exponentially. Although their direct eff... |
Comparing the protective performances of 3 types of N95 filtering facepiece respirators during chest compressions: A randomized simulation study | OBJECTIVE: Healthcare providers in emergency departments should wear respirators for infection protection. However, the wearer's vigorous movements during cardiopulmonary resuscitation may affect the protective performance of the respirator. Herein, we aimed to assess the effects of chest compressions (CCs) on the prot... |
Mechanisms involved in the development of thrombocytopenia in patients with COVID-19 | Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Emerging genetic and clinical evidence suggests similarities between COVID-19 patients and those with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Hematological changes such as lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia... |
Recovering from COVID-19: the key issues | |
Failure to detect MERS‐CoV RNA in urine of naturally infected dromedary camels | |
Construction of a recombinant rhinovirus accommodating fluorescent marker expression | BACKGROUND: Rhinovirus (RV) causes the common cold and asthma exacerbations. The RV genome is a 7.3 kb single‐strand positive‐sense RNA. OBJECTIVE: Using minor group RV1A as a backbone, we sought to design and generate a recombinant RV1A accommodating fluorescent marker expression, thereby allowing tracking of viral in... |
Human quarantine: Toward reducing infectious pressure on chimpanzees at the Taï Chimpanzee Project, Côte d'Ivoire | Due to their genetic relatedness, great apes are highly susceptible to common human respiratory pathogens. Although most respiratory pathogens, such as human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV), rarely cause severe disease in healthy human adults, they are associated with considerable mo... |
A comparison study between GeXP-based multiplex-PCR and serology assay for Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection in children with community acquired pneumonia | BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) in children has been hampered by difficulty in obtaining convalescent serum and time constraints. In this study, the two diagnostic assays that targeted respectively on Mp-antibody and Mp-DNA were retrospectively investigat... |
Could sudden sensorineural hearing loss be the sole manifestation of COVID-19? An investigation into SARS-COV-2 in the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss | Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients presenting with only sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) during the pandemic. Methods The study included 5 male patients who presented with the sole complaint of unil... |
The Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Disease in Older Adults | Viral respiratory disease in older adults has been increasingly recognized as a significant cause of hospitalizations and death. Unfortunately, the recognition and diagnosis of infection due to many viral respiratory pathogens in older adults can be elusive due to atypical clinical presentations and the insensitivity o... |
Health risks at the Hajj | Summary Annually, millions of Muslims embark on a religious pilgrimage called the “Hajj” to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The mass migration during the Hajj is unparalleled in scale, and pilgrims face numerous health hazards. The extreme congestion of people and vehicles during this time amplifies health risks, such as those ... |
On the responsible use of digital data to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic | Large-scale collection of data could help curb the COVID-19 pandemic, but it should not neglect privacy and public trust. Best practices should be identified to maintain responsible data-collection and data-processing standards at a global scale. |
Molecular Characterization of Major Structural Protein Genes of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates in Southern China | To gain comprehensive genetic information of circulating avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates in China, analysis of the phylogenetic tree, entropy of the amino acid sequences, and the positive selection as well as computational recombinations of S1, M and N genes of 23 IBV isolates was conducted... |
Case fatality rate analysis of Italian COVID‐19 outbreak | The Italian outbreak of COVID‐19 cases is a public health emergency and there is a worldwide tremendous interest in the evaluation of the Italian epidemic evolution. Indeed, from February 2020, Italy is facing an explosion of COVID‐19 cases. In particular, the Italian observed case fatality rate (CFR) is much higher th... |
Behavioral predictors of subsequent respiratory illness signs in dogs admitted to an animal shelter | Individual variability is evident in behavior and physiology of animals. Determining whether behavior at intake may predict subsequent illness in the animal shelter may influence the management of dogs housed at animal shelters and reduce overall disease. While normally associated with mild disease and low mortality ra... |
Remyelination-Promoting Human IgMs: Developing a Therapeutic Reagent for Demyelinating Disease | Promoting remyelination following injury to the central nervous system (CNS) promises to be an effective neuroprotective strategy to limit the loss of surviving axons and prevent disability. Studies confirm that multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury lesions contain myelinating cells and their progenitors. Recr... |
FDG PET/CT in Diagnosing COVID-19 Infection in a Cancer Patient With Exposure History But Minimal Symptoms | A 56-year-old woman with high-grade neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma had known contact history of COVID-19 about 16 days prior to the restaging PET/CT. The patient was instructed to self-quarantine for 14 days, and no COVID-19 test was performed. Upon arrival, the patient had low-grade fever of 37.1°C, but did not m... |
Rapid and simple colorimetric detection of multiple influenza viruses infecting humans using a reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) diagnostic platform | BACKGROUND: In addition to seasonal influenza viruses recently circulating in humans, avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of H5N1, H5N6 and H7N9 subtypes have also emerged and demonstrated human infection abilities with high mortality rates. Although influenza viral infections are usually diagnosed using viral isolation and... |
Factors Associated with Resilience Among Medical Staff in Radiology Departments During The Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Cross-Sectional Study | BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that in the face of life adversity, threats, or other major stressful events, resilience is more conducive to individual adaptation and growth. MATERIAL/METHODS: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale were used to evaluate the resilien... |
Management of primary cutaneous lymphoma patients during COVID‐19 pandemic: EORTC CLTF guidelines Maarten Vermeer | During severe inflammatory coronavirus infectious disease (CoVID‐19) pandemic and based on evidence on COVID‐19 epidemiology, patients with primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) have risk for developing complicated COVID‐19 infections in consideration of their older age (majority above 60) and their potential underlying p... |
Detection of Pneumococcal DNA in Blood by Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosing Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Young Children From Low- and Middle-Income Countries | BACKGROUND. We investigated the performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia among children from 7 low- and middle-income countries. METHODS. We tested blood by PCR for the pneumococcal autolysin gene in children aged 1–59 months in the Pneumonia Etiology Research f... |
Optimizing Clinical Staffing in Times of a Pandemic Crisis Such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 | |
In-Vivo Toxicity Studies and In-Vitro Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Povidone-iodine In-situ Gel Forming Formulations | To curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, we characterize the virucidal activity of long-acting Povidone Iodine (PVP-I) compositions developed using an in-situ gel forming technology. The PVP-I gel forming nasal spray (IVIEW-1503) and PVP-I gel forming ophthalmic eye drop (IVIEW-12... |
Discovering human history from stomach bacteria | Recent analyses of human pathogens have revealed that their evolutionary histories are congruent with the hypothesized pattern of ancient and modern human population migrations. Phylogenetic trees of strains of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and the polyoma JC virus taken from geographically diverse groups of human ... |
Characterization of Human Coronaviruses on Well-Differentiated Human Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures | The human airway serves as the entry point of human respiratory viruses, including human coronaviruses. In this chapter we outline the methods by which we establish fully differentiated airway epithelium and its use for human coronavirus propagation. Additionally, we outline methods for immunofluorescence staining of t... |
Ayurvedic Treatment of COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2: a case report | This is the first known case of a Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) positive patient treated entirely with Ayurveda. So far in Modern Western Medicine (MWM), no cure has been found which is specific to COVID-19. The only literature relevant to the treatment of Coronavirus disease has surfaced from Traditional Chinese Medi... |
Assessment of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Volume Trends During The COVID-19 Pandemic | |
Current pharmacy practices in low- and middle-income countries; recommendations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic | |
Challenges in the analysis of viral metagenomes | Genome sequencing technologies continue to develop with remarkable pace, yet analytical approaches for reconstructing and classifying viral genomes from mixed samples remain limited in their performance and usability. Existing solutions generally target expert users and often have unclear scope, making it challenging t... |
Challenges in RNA virus bioinformatics | Motivation: Computer-assisted studies of structure, function and evolution of viruses remains a neglected area of research. The attention of bioinformaticians to this interesting and challenging field is far from commensurate with its medical and biotechnological importance. It is telling that out of >200 talks held at... |
Chapter 19 Species Inquirendae in the Carnivora | Abstract There are at least 483 reports of carnivore apicomplexans in the literature citing 17 genera or generic categoriesthat have not been described sufficiently or there was so little information provided by the author(s), that their validity, and sometimes even their identity is in question. These include: 2 “Apic... |
Cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID‐19: A preliminary review of an emerging issue | BACKGROUND: The infection caused by the recently identified SARS‐CoV‐2, called COronaVIrus Disease‐19 (COVID‐19), has rapidly spread throughout the world. With the exponential increase of patients worldwide, the clinical spectrum of COVID‐19 is being better defined and new symptoms are emerging. Numerous reports are do... |
Mental health in the Covid-19 pandemic | |
A DNA miniarray system for simultaneous visual detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and 2 (PCV2) in pigs | A miniarray system was developed for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in pigs. The system consists of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) step to amplify target viral DNA, followed by detection of the amplified DNA using a membrane-anchored probe array and an avidin-alkalin... |
Valuation Effect of Capital Account Liberalization: Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market | This paper examines the valuation effect of capital account liberalization. Using an event study approach and the policy announcement for RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (short for RQFII) as the event date, we find that overall, the stock market responded positively to the capital account liberalization a... |
Virus PCR Assay Panels: An Alternative to the Mouse Antibody Production Test | Antibody production tests have traditionally been used to test biological materials for viral contamination. Now molecular biology techniques have emerged as an alternative. The authors compare MAP testing with PCR-based detection methods, focusing on differences in animal use, laboratory requirements, sample size, and... |
The use of endogenous and exogenous reference RNAs for qualitative and quantitative detection of PRRSV in porcine semen | Abstract Semen is known to be a route of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) transmission. A method was developed for qualitative and quantitative detection of the seminal cell-associated PRRSV RNA in relation to endogenous and exogenous reference RNAs. As endogenous control for one-step real-ti... |
Artemisia and COVID-19 | |
Informations | COVID-19 et nutrition sur le site de la SFN La SFN a relayé sur son site plusieurs informations concernant le COVID-19, les pathologies chroniques et les risques nutritionnels La SFN a contribué activement à l’établissement des recommandations à visée des personnels de santé et des patients souffrant d’obésité Ainsi, l... |
Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus | Summary The outbreak of SARS warrants the search for antiviral compounds to treat the disease. At present, no specific treatment has been identified for SARS-associated coronavirus infection. We assessed the antiviral potential of ribavirin, 6-azauridine, pyrazofurin, mycophenolic acid, and glycyrrhizin against two cli... |
Stratégie pour la pratique de la chirurgie digestive et oncologique en situation d’épidémie de COVID-19 | Résumé La pandémie due au COVID-19 modifie l’organisation des soins et change la réalisation de la chirurgie digestive. Les priorités sanitaires et les circuits de soins sont modifiés. La chirurgie d’urgence reste prioritaire. Les interventions pour chirurgie fonctionnelles sont à reporter. La chirurgie par laparoscopi... |
Molecular epidemiology of KI and WU polyomaviruses in infants with acute respiratory disease and in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients | Polyomaviruses KI (KIPyV) and WU (WUPyV) were described recently in children with acute respiratory disease. The pathogenic potential of these human viruses has not been determined completely, but a correlation between immunosuppression and virus reactivation has been suggested. In the present study, the association be... |
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis after COVID‐19 treatment with hydroxychloroquine | |
Liver impairment associated with disease progression in COVID‐19 patients | We read with great interest the study by YF Zhang et al ([1]). The authors found that abnormalities of liver function tests are common in COVID‐19 patients, but the clinically significant liver dysfunction in COVID‐19 was not a prominent feature of this illness and also may not have serious clinical consequences. This ... |
Uterine adenocarcinoma with feline leukemia virus infection | Feline endometrial adenocarcinomas are uncommon malignant neoplasms that have been poorly characterized to date. In this study, we describe a uterine adenocarcinoma in a Persian cat with feline leukemia virus infection. At the time of presentation, the cat, a female Persian chinchilla, was 2 years old. The cat underwen... |
Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID‐19 | BACKGROUND: SARS‐CoV‐2, the virus that causes COVID‐19 disease, is responsible for the largest pandemic since the 1918 H1N1 influenza outbreak. The symptoms presently recognized by the World Health Organization are cough, fever, tiredness, and difficulty breathing. Patient‐reported smell and taste loss has been associa... |
Genetic immunization with Hantavirus vaccine combining expression of G2 glycoprotein and fused interleukin-2 | In this research, we developed a novel chimeric HTNV-IL-2-G2 DNA vaccine plasmid by genetically linking IL-2 gene to the G2 segment DNA and tested whether it could be a candidate vaccine. Chimeric gene was first expressed in eukaryotic expression system pcDNA3.1 (+). The HTNV-IL-2-G2 expressed a 72 kDa fusion protein i... |
A Brief History of Biocontainment | The concept of clinical biocontainment, otherwise known as high-level containment care (HLCC), had its birth among a confluence of near-simultaneous events in 1969. The U.S. Army’s Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) began construction of the first modern biocontainment unit that year, and open... |
Characterization of rhinovirus C from a 4-year-old boy with acute onset dilated cardiomyopathy in Jakarta, Indonesia | INTRODUCTION: Myocarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle, can be caused by infections, autoimmune disease or exposure to toxins. The major cause of myocarditis in the paediatric population is viral infection, including coxsackievirus B3, adenovirus, herpesvirus, parvovirus, influenza A and B, and hepatitis. Here, we... |
Neurotropic virus tracing suggests a membranous‐coating‐mediated mechanism for transsynaptic communication | Swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) has been shown to have a capability to propagate via neural circuits to the central nervous system after peripheral inoculation, resulting in acute deadly encephalomyelitis in natural host piglets as well as in experimental younger rodents. This study has systematica... |
Acute Otitis Media Is Not a Pure Bacterial Disease | |
Practical Guidance for Managing EMG Requests and Testing during the COVID‐19 Pandemic | The COVID‐19 pandemic has necessitated cancelation of elective or non‐urgent contact with the healthcare system, including non‐urgent nerve conduction studies and electromyography (electrodiagnostic [EDX] studies). The definitions of elective and non‐urgent are physician judgments, and often are not straightforward. Cl... |
Viral Hepatitis Other Than A, B, and C: Evaluation and Management | Viral hepatitis causes a wide spectrum of presentations from a benign form with minimal or no symptoms to acute liver failure or death. Hepatitis D coinfection and superinfection have distinct clinical courses with the latter more likely leading to chronic infection. Management of chronic HDV is individualized due to t... |
Fill the gap between traditional and new era: The medical educational reform in Taiwan | The 7-year medical education program in Taiwan has been established since 1949. More than 60 years later, many medical professionals have observed and voiced its deficiencies following the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. The deficiencies are three-fold: (1) specialties are excessively institutionalized, ... |
Treatment of pediatric sinusitis | The successful management of RS in children relies on careful diagnosis, recognition of causative factors, and judicious yet adequate antibiotic usage. Refractory cases will require surgical therapy, with adenoidectomy as the first-line intervention and ESS reserved for those cases refractory to adenoidectomy. This ove... |
The ongoing crises in China illustrate that the assessment of epidemics in isolation is no longer sufficient | The interplay of simultaneous COVID-19, African swine fever, and avian influenza emergencies on global health and industries is constantly evolving and difficult to predict, and therefore warrants further scrutiny. The need for a health network of global scope for the rapid and open exchange of information needs to be ... |
Mouse Models of Viral Infection | Viral respiratory tract infections are common in both children and adults. Mouse models of viral infection enable the characterization of host immune factors that protect against or promote virus infection; thus, mouse models are essential for interrogation of potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, they serve as crit... |
Quantifying Pathogen Surveillance Using Temporal Genomic Data | With the advent of deep sequencing, genomic surveillance has become a popular method for detection of infectious disease, supplementing information gathered by classic clinical or serological techniques to identify host-determinant markers and trace the origin of transmission. However, two main factors complicate genom... |
Clinical and molecular investigation of a canine distemper outbreak and vector-borne infections in a group of rescue dogs imported from Hungary to Switzerland | BACKGROUND: Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a major pathogen of dogs and wild carnivores worldwide. In Switzerland, distemper in domestic dogs is rarely reported. In recent years, the import of dogs from Eastern Europe to Switzerland has steadily increased. In the present study, we describe a distemper outbreak in 15 r... |
Intensive care of the cancer patient: recent achievements and remaining challenges | A few decades have passed since intensive care unit (ICU) beds have been available for critically ill patients with cancer. Although the initial reports showed dismal prognosis, recent data suggest that an increased number of patients with solid and hematological malignancies benefit from intensive care support, with d... |
Potential of carbohydrate‐binding agents as therapeutics against enveloped viruses | Twenty‐seven years after the discovery of HIV as the cause of AIDS more than 25 drugs directed against four different viral targets (i.e. reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, envelope gp41) and one cellular target (i.e. CCR5 co‐receptor) are available for treatment. However, the search for an efficient vaccine i... |
High altitude reduces infection rate of COVID-19 but not case-fatality rate | Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is suggested that life at high altitude may reduce COVID infections and case-fatality rates (cases/deaths). We study data from Peru COVID-19 pandemics, which first case was recorded on March 6th, 2... |
Chapter 22 Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis | Abstract The aim of this chapter is to describe the animal models generated by transgenic technology for the functional analysis of the protective axis of the renin–angiotensin system, consisting of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7), and Mas. Transgenic overexpression of the components of ... |
Western Cold and Flu (WeCoF) aerosol study – preliminary results | BACKGROUND: Influenza virus is responsible for annual deaths due to seasonal epidemics and is the cause of major pandemics which have claimed millions of human lives over the last century. Knowledge about respiratory virus transmission is advancing. Spread is likely through the air, but much work remains to be done to ... |
Lectins of marine hydrobionts | Data from the literature and results of our research on lectins isolated from some kinds of marine hydrobionts such as clams, ascidians, sea worms, sponges, and algae are presented in this review. Results of comparative analysis of the basic physicochemical properties and biological activity of lectins isolated from va... |
Otitis media: viruses, bacteria, biofilms and vaccines | Otitis media typically presents as either acute otitis media (AOM), with symptoms including fever, otalgia, otorrhoea or irritability and short duration; or as otitis media with effusion (OME), which is often asymptomatic and characterised by accumulation of fluid in the middle ear. Diagnostic certainty of otitis media... |
Design of chemical libraries with potentially bioactive molecules applying a maximum common substructure concept | Success in small molecule screening relies heavily on the preselection of compounds. Here, we present a strategy for the enrichment of chemical libraries with potentially bioactive compounds integrating the collected knowledge of medicinal chemistry. Employing a genetic algorithm, substructures typically occurring in b... |
Society–Space | This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 10, pp 217–226, © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. |
The cardiothoracic surgery trainee experience during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global insights and opportunities for ongoing engagement | |
Epidemiological factors and worldwide pattern of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus from 2013 to 2016 | BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging threat to global health security with high intensity and lethality. This study was conducted to investigate epidemiological factors and patterns related to this disease. METHODS: Full details of MERS-CoV cases available on the disease ou... |
Establishment and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against SARS Coronavirus | Immunological detection of viruses and their components by monoclonal antibodies is a powerful method for studying the structure and function of viral molecules. Here we describe detailed methods for establishing monoclonal antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). B cell hybridomas a... |
Bats as animal reservoirs for the SARS coronavirus: Hypothesis proved after 10 years of virus hunting | Recently, the team led by Dr. Zhengli Shi from Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Dr. Peter Daszak from Ecohealth Alliance identified SL-CoVs in Chinese horseshoe bats that were 95% identical to human SARS-CoV and were able to use human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for dock... |
The Role of Influenza and Parainfluenza Infections in Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Acquisition Among Young Children | Background. Animal models suggest that influenza infection favors nasopharyngeal acquisition of pneumococci. We assessed this relationship with influenza and other respiratory viruses in young children. Methods. A case-control study was nested within a prospective cohort study of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Ande... |
Children’s Respiratory Infections in Tianjin Area, China: Associations with Home Environments and Lifestyles | Children spend most of their indoors time at home, which may have substantial influence on their health. We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Tianjin area, China to quantify the incidence of respiratory infections among children, and its association with home environments and lifestyles. The lifetime-ever incide... |
Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is exacting a disproportionate toll on ethnic minority communities and magnifying existing disparities in health care access and treatment. To understand this crisis, physicians and public health researchers have searched history for insights, especially from a great out... |
Critical medical ecology and SARS-COV-2 in the urban environment: a pragmatic, dynamic approach to explaining and planning for research and practice | BACKGROUND: Practitioners and researchers in the midst of overwhelming coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks are calling for new ways of looking at such pandemics, with an emphasis on human behavior and holistic considerations. Viral outbreaks are characterized by socio-behaviorally-oriented public health effor... |
The microbiome driving anaerobic digestion and microbial analysis | Abstract The microbiome residing in anaerobic digesters drives the anaerobic digestion (AD) process to convert various feedstocks to biogas as a renewable source of energy. This microbiome has been investigated in numerous studies in the last century. The early studies used cultivation-based methods and analysis to ide... |
Crystal structure of murine sCEACAM1a[1,4]: a coronavirus receptor in the CEA family | CEACAM1 is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family. Isoforms of murine CEACAM1 serve as receptors for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a murine coronavirus. Here we report the crystal structure of soluble murine sCEACAM1a[1,4], which is composed of two Ig-like domains and has MHV neutralizing activity. Its N-... |
Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Th1, Th17 and Th22 Cells Using the Expression of CD40L in Tuberculous Pleurisy | Important advances have been made in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) based on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific T cells. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the immunological approach are relatively low because there are no specific markers for antigen-specific Th cells, and so... |
Reconstitution of the receptor-binding motif of the SARS coronavirus | The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) identified in 2003 has infected ∼8000 people worldwide, killing nearly 10% of them. The infection of target cells by the SARS CoV is mediated through the interaction of the viral Spike (S) protein (1255 amino acids) and its cellular receptor, angiotensin-co... |
Gene expression kinetics of the yellow head virus in experimentally infected Litopenaeus vannamei | The yellow head virus (YHV) has been reported to be one of most pathogenic viruses for cultivated shrimp; however, serious problems have only been reported in farms in south and southeastern Asian. Recently, a YHV strain was detected in Litopenaeus vannamei cultivated in Mexican farms that lacked virus‐associated morta... |
Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission | Significant differences exist in the availability of healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 testing between countries, and existing programmes focus on screening symptomatic rather than asymptomatic staff. Over a 3 week period (April 2020), 1032 asymptomatic HCWs were screened for SARS-CoV-2 in a large UK teaching hospital... |
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