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Rates of asymptomatic respiratory virus infection across age groups | Respiratory viral infections are a leading cause of disease worldwide. A variety of respiratory viruses produce infections in humans with effects ranging from asymptomatic to life-treathening. Standard surveillance systems typically only target severe infections (ED outpatients, hospitalisations, deaths) and fail to tr... |
The COVID-19 pandemic: biological evolution, treatment options and consequences | The spread of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the pandemic COVID-19 has emerged as a global matter of concern in the last couple of months. It has rapidly spread around the globe, which initially began in the city of Wuhan, People’s Republic of China and is hypothesized to originate from the group of Rhinolo... |
Update on the management of acute pharyngitis in children | Streptococcal pharyngitis is a very common pathology in paediatric age all over the world. Nevertheless there isn't a joint agreement on the management of this condition. Some authors recommend to perform a microbiological investigation in suspected bacterial cases in order to treat the confirmed cases with antibiotics... |
CD8-deficient SJL mice display enhanced susceptibility to Theiler’s virus infection and increased demyelinating pathology | Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) induces a chronic, progressive demyelinating disease in susceptible mouse strains characterized by inflammatory mononuclear infiltrates and spastic hind limb paralysis. Our lab has previously demonstrated a critical role for T... |
Global health and moral values | |
PCR assay for the detection and the identification of atypical canine coronavirus in dogs | Abstract Comparative sequence analysis of the PCR products of the M gene and fragments of the pol1a and pol1b genes of canine coronavirus (CCoV) have demonstrated that two separate clusters of CCoV are present in dogs. This note describes a PCR assay to identify atypical CCoV strains with nucleotide substitutions in th... |
Comparative efficacy of hand hygiene agents in the reduction of bacteria and viruses | BACKGROUND: Health care-associated infections most commonly result from person-to-person transmission via the hands of health care workers. METHODS: We studied the efficacy of hand hygiene agents (n = 14) following 10-second applications to reduce the level of challenge organisms (Serratia marcescens and MS2 bacterioph... |
The bulky and the sweet: How neutralizing antibodies and glycan receptors compete for virus binding | Numerous viruses rely on glycan receptor binding as the initial step in host cell infection. Engagement of specific glycan receptors such as sialylated carbohydrates, glycosaminoglycans, or histo‐blood group antigens can determine host range, tissue tropism, and pathogenicity. Glycan receptor‐binding sites are typicall... |
Novel Bat Alphacoronaviruses in Southern China Support Chinese Horseshoe Bats as an Important Reservoir for Potential Novel Coronaviruses | While bats are increasingly recognized as a source of coronavirus epidemics, the diversity and emergence potential of bat coronaviruses remains to be fully understood. Among 1779 bat samples collected in China, diverse coronaviruses were detected in 32 samples from five different bat species by RT-PCR. Two novel alphac... |
Psychopathological problems related to the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible prevention with music therapy | COVID-19 is having a profound effect on societies worldwide and the impact that it is having on children cannot be underestimated. Although Brodin (1) stated that the disease tends to be mild in children, psychopathological considerations allow us to assume that the pandemic will have a high risk of long-term paediatri... |
Physico-chemical properties of calf-diarrhea coronavirus | Abstract Replication of calf diarrhea coronavirus was not inhibited by 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine, indicating that the virus is an RNA virus. Sensitivity to ether and chloroform indicated that the virus is enveloped, and this was confirmed by electron microscopic observation of the virion. The virus was readily inactivated... |
Airway protease/antiprotease imbalance in atopic asthmatics contributes to increased Influenza A virus cleavage and replication | Asthmatics are more susceptible to influenza infections, yet mechanisms mediating this enhanced susceptibility are unknown. Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein binds to sialic acid residues on the host cells. HA requires cleavage to allow fusion of the viral HA with host cell membrane, which is mediated by host ... |
Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on infection of cells by canine parvovirus | Canine parvovirus type 2 causes significant viral disease in dogs, with high morbidity, high infectivity, and high mortality. Lithium chloride is a potential antiviral drug for viruses. We determined the antiviral effect of Lithium Chloride on canine parvovirus type 2 in feline kidney cells. The viral DNA and proteins ... |
Competing during a pandemic? Retailers’ ups and downs during the COVID-19 outbreak | The COVID-19 pandemic (that started in early 2020) is causing several disruptions in the short- and mid-term, to which businesses have to adapt. Some retailers have reacted to the emergency immediately, displaying a plethora of different intervention types. The authors aim to synthesize the challenges that retailers ar... |
Numerical study on the dispersion of airborne contaminants from an isolation room in the case of door opening | Abstract A negative pressure isolation room is built to accommodate and cure patients with highly infectious diseases. An absolutely airtight space effectively prevents infectious diseases from leaking out of the isolation room. Opening the door leads to a breakdown in isolation conditions and causes the dispersion of ... |
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 | OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 has emerged as a major global health threat with a great number of deaths in China. We aimed to assess the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and to compare the predictive abil... |
High antibiotic prescription rates in hospitalized children with human metapneumovirus infection in comparison to RSV infection emphasize the value of point-of-care diagnostics | BACKGROUND: Respiratory infections are the main causes for hospitalization in children and a common reason for the initiation of antibiotic treatment. Rapid antigen detection tests and point-of-care mPCR-based assays provide a fast detection of viral pathogens. Nonetheless, the prescription rate of antibiotics for resp... |
Headache as the Presenting Symptom in 2 Patients with COVID‐19 and a History of Migraine: 2 Case Reports | The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has now affected more than five million people globally. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Patients with underlying medical comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are more likely to become severely ill. To date there is li... |
Modernising epidemic science: enabling patient-centred research during epidemics | BACKGROUND: Emerging and epidemic infectious disease outbreaks are a significant public health problem and global health security threat. As an outbreak begins, epidemiological investigations and traditional public health responses are generally mounted very quickly. However, patient-centred research is usually not pri... |
Therapie viraler Atemwegsinfekte: Wirkprinzipien, Strategien und Ausblicke | Pulmonary viral infections are associated with substantial morbidity and socioeconomic costs. Rhinovirus, influenza A and B, adenovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronavirus are etiologies most often associated with infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Therapy of viral infec... |
Measurement of lipocalin-2 and syndecan-4 levels to differentiate bacterial from viral infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia | BACKGROUND: In this study, we evaluated the lipocalin-2 (LIP2) and syndecan-4 (SYN4) levels in children who were hospitalized for radiologically confirmed CAP in order to differentiate bacterial from viral infection. The results regarding the LIP2 and SYN4 diagnostic outcomes were compared with the white blood cell (WB... |
Spinned Poisson distribution with health management application | Consider a data collection setup during a spread of an infectious disease. Examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or influenza A virus H3N2. The health management in such scenarios quickly removes the infected cases before the data collection is completed. The estimate of the incidence rate or the ch... |
Targeting the World’s Slums as Fat Tails in the Distribution of COVID-19 Cases | A recent article by Corburn et al. lays out the policies that would help slum communities in the global south deal with COVID-19. That article notes the vulnerabilities of people in these informal settlements and argues that any assistance program must recognize these realities so that the policies do not further jeopa... |
Will Children Reveal their Secret? The Coronavirus Dilemma | A recent ERJ editorial cited ACE2 upregulation as a key reason for the better outcomes of COVID-19 seen in paediatric patients. However, there is significant conflicting literature on the topic, and many questions about ACE2 physiology still unanswered |
Chapter 21 In Silico Models From Simple Networks to Complex Diseases | Abstract In this chapter, we consider in silico modeling of diseases starting from some simple to some complex (and mathematical) concepts. Examples and applications of in silico modeling for some important categories of diseases (such as for cancers, infectious diseases, and neuronal diseases) are also given. |
Vomiting, Diarrhea, Constipation, and Gastroenteritis | Diseases that cause vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and gastroenteritis are major problems for populations worldwide. Patients, particularly infants, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, may present at any point in a wide spectrum of disease states, underscoring the need for the clinician to treat these ailmen... |
The Crosstalk of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Pathways with NF-κB: Complex Mechanisms Relevant for Cancer, Inflammation and Infection | Stressful conditions occuring during cancer, inflammation or infection activate adaptive responses that are controlled by the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. These systems can be triggered by chemical compounds but als... |
Managing a Specialty Service During the COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons From a New York City Health System | The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched health care resources to a point of crisis throughout the world. To answer the call for care, health care workers in a diverse range of specialties are being retasked to care for patients with COVID-19. Consequently, specialty services have had to adapt to decreased staff available f... |
The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission | Speech droplets generated by asymptomatic carriers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are increasingly considered to be a likely mode of disease transmission. Highly sensitive laser light scattering observations have revealed that loud speech can emit thousands of oral fluid droplets per se... |
Characterisation of two enteroviruses isolated from Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand | Two enteroviruses, designated W1 and W6, were isolated from intestinal contents of Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand. The genomic sequences of W1 and W6 were 7390 and 7391 nucleotides (nt), respectively. Genetically, possum isolates W1 and W6 were related to bovine enterovirus serotype... |
Respiratory viruses detected in Mexican children younger than 5 years old with community-acquired pneumonia: a national multicenter study | Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Pneumonia accounts for 16% of all deaths of children under 5 years of age and was the cause of death of 935000 children in 2015. Despite its frequency and severity, information ... |
Scientific Report of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on “Food as a possible source of infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses for humans and other mammals” | |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus accessory proteins 6 and 9b interact in vivo | Abstract The 3′proximal one-third of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome encodes the structural proteins and eight accessory proteins, including 3a, 3b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b and 9b, varying in length from 39 to 274aa which do not share significant homology with viral proteins of known coron... |
The race for treatments | It will take time to develop a coronavirus vaccine, but some existing drugs may help save lives before then, says Michael Le Page |
International Society for Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses and the new journal | |
Dicistroviruses | The Dicistroviridae are a family of small icosahedral viruses with single-stranded RNA, positive-sense genomes that infect invertebrates. The genomes are organized with their nonstructural proteins encoded at the 5′ end with the structural proteins at the 3′ end. Characteristically, the two open reading frames are sepa... |
Synthesis, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral evaluation and QSAR studies of 4-(1-aryl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylideneamino)-N-substituted benzene sulfonamides | Abstract A series of 4-(1-aryl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylideneamino)-N-substituted benzenesulfonamide derivatives (1–32) was synthesized and evaluated for its in vitro antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Antimicrobial results indicated that compounds (11) and (18) were found to be the most effective on... |
ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND THROMBOEMBOLIC RISK IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC | Covid-19 pandemic has increased significantly to mortality in many countries with the number of infected cases increasing exponentially worldwide. One of the main determining factors of the poor prognosis in these patients is the development of coagulopathy. Moreover, it is well known that ART procedures confer a risk ... |
Animal Arterivirus Infections | |
The systemic sclerosis patient in the COVID-19 era: the challenging crossroad between immunosuppression, differential diagnosis and long-term psychological distress | COVID-19 is a world health emergency which may inevitably affect the management of a complex autoimmune disease such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). Several SSc patients are frail and, in this pandemic, need a careful protection. The COVID-19 infection might complicate the clinical scenario of interstitial lung disease (I... |
Development of polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic tests for detection of Malsoor virus & adenovirus isolated from Rousettus species of bats in Maharashtra, India | BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Bats are recognized as important reservoirs for emerging infectious disease and some unknown viral diseases. Two novel viruses, Malsoor virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus, Phlebovirus) and a novel adenovirus (AdV) (family, Adenoviridae genus, Mastadenovirus), were identified from Rousettus bats ... |
Identification of nucleolus localization signal of betanodavirus GGNNV protein α | Abstract Betanodavirus greasy grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) nervous necrosis viruses (GGNNV) protein α, a virus capsid protein, was detected in both nucleolus and cytoplasm of infected cells of Asian sea bass (SB) and transfected cells of SB and Cos-7 with pcDNA3.1/RNA2. To study its subcellular localization, ORF of pr... |
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards COVID-19: An Epidemiological Survey in North-Central Nigeria | The COVID-19 pandemic has become a major public health challenge globally with countries of the world adopting unprecedented infection prevention and control (IPC) measures to urgently curtail the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the people toward COVID-19 is critical to und... |
Targeting drug delivery in the vascular system: Focus on endothelium() | The bloodstream is the main transporting pathway for drug delivery systems (DDS) from the site of administration to the intended site of action. In many cases, components of the vascular system represent therapeutic targets. Endothelial cells, which line the luminal surface of the vasculature, play a tripartite role of... |
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of amino acid and peptide derivatives of mycophenolic acid | The series of 16 novel amino acid and peptide mycophenolic acid (MPA) derivatives was obtained as potential antibacterial agents. Coupling of MPA with respective amines was optimized with condensing reagents such as EDCI/DMAP and T3P/TEA. Amino acid analogs were received both as methyl esters and also with the free car... |
Role of Nonstructural Proteins in the Pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 | We read with great interest the study authored by Angeletti et al. regarding the role of nonstructural proteins nsp2 and nsp3 in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19(1). COVID‐19 emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and is caused by a novel viral variant belonging to the viral variant belonging to the ... |
Neonatal nursing in the COVID-19 pandemic: can we improve the future? | The current 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the world's largest and most pervasive public health emergency in more than one hundred years. Although neonatal units have not been at the epicentre of the current health crisis, they have also been forced to adopt contingency plans with the aim of protecting hospital... |
Size and timescale of epidemics in the SIR framework | The most important features to assess the severity of an epidemic are its size and its timescale. We discuss these features in a systematic way in the context of SIR and SIR-type models. We investigate in detail how the size and timescale of the epidemic can be changed by acting on the parameters characterizing the mod... |
Methodology of emergency medical logistics for public health emergencies | Abstract This work presents a novel model of emergency medical logistics for quick response to public health emergencies. The proposed methodology consists of two recursive mechanisms: (1) the time-varying forecasting of medical relief demand and (2) relief distribution. The medical demand associated with each epidemic... |
Policy options for mitigating impacts of COVID-19 on domestic rice value chains and food security in West Africa | Rice plays a strategic role in food security in West Africa. However, the region increasingly relies on rice imports due to a growing and structural deficit, and domestic value chains face constrains on technology, finance and coordination. As a result, West Africa is very vulnerable to international and local trade di... |
Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Living Systematic Review | BACKGROUND: The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in COVID-19 disease susceptibility, severity, and treatment is unclear. PURPOSE: To evaluate, on an ongoing basis, whether use of ACEIs or ARBs either increases risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome co... |
Use of lung ultrasound to differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia from community-acquired pneumonia | To investigate the feasibility of lung ultrasound in evaluating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and distinguish the sonographic features between COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), a total of 12 COVID-19 patients and 20 CAP patients were selected and underwent the lung ultrasound. Modified Buda scoring... |
Screening of an FDA-Approved Drug Library with a Two-Tier System Identifies an Entry Inhibitor of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus | Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus that causes severe disease in humans with case-fatality rates of up to 30%. There are currently very limited treatment options for SFTSV infection. We conducted a drug repurposing program by establishing a two-tier test syste... |
Using Mind–Body Modalities via Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Crisis: Cases in the Republic of Korea | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the world, and its deleterious effects on human domestic life, society, economics, and especially on human mental health are expected to continue. Mental health experts highlighted health issues this pandemic may cause, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive com... |
Use of a new face shield for patients of the endoscopy unit to avoid aerosol exchange in the COVID-19 era | |
Zoonoses Second Edition Zoonoses. Martin Shakespeare, Second Edition. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009; Hardcover, 289 pages, ISBN: 978-0-85369-753-4. | Unknown |
Phylogenetic Analysis of Protein Sequences Based on Distribution of Length About Common Substring | Up to now, various approaches for phylogenetic analysis have been developed. Almost all of them put stress on analyzing nucleic acid sequences or protein primary sequences. In this paper, we propose a new sequence distance for efficient reconstruction of phylogenetic trees based on the distribution of length about comm... |
The other crisis | Focusing on coronavirus is completely justified, but it isn't the only danger we face |
Imino sugar glucosidase inhibitors as broadly active anti-filovirus agents | Ebola virus and Marburg virus are members of the family of Filoviridae and are etiological agents of a deadly hemorrhagic fever disease. The clinical symptoms of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers are difficult to distinguish and there are currently no specific antiviral therapies against either of the viruses. There... |
Generational Differences in Perceptions of Food Health/Risk and Attitudes toward Organic Food and Game Meat: The Case of the COVID-19 Crisis in China | In December 2019, a novel laboratory-confirmed coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, which has caused clusters of severe illnesses, was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China. This foodborne illness, which reportedly most likely originated in a seafood market where wild animals are sold illegally, h... |
Out of Hospital Management of LVAD Patients During COVID‐19 Outbreak | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been declared a pandemic touching thousands of patients all around the world. Patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are usually affected by long‐standing cardiovascular diseases and subjected to variations of the normal cardiovascular physiology, thus re... |
A New Species of Mesonivirus from the Northern Territory, Australia | Here we describe Casuarina virus (CASV), a new virus in the family Mesoniviridae. This is the first report of a mesonivirus in Australia, which extends the geographical range of this virus family to 3 continents. The virus was isolated in 2010 from Coquillettidia xanthogaster mosquitoes during surveillance in the subur... |
Knock out of the BASIGIN/CD147 chaperone of lactate/H+ symporters disproves its pro-tumour action via extracellular matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) induction | BASIGIN/CD147/EMMPRIN is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein strongly expressed in tumours. BASIGIN controls tumour metabolism, particularly glycolysis by facilitating lactic acid export through the two monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and hypoxia-inducible MCT4. However, before being recognized as a co-carri... |
SARS-Coronavirus Replication/Transcription Complexes Are Membrane-Protected and Need a Host Factor for Activity In Vitro | SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) replication and transcription are mediated by a replication/transcription complex (RTC) of which virus-encoded, non-structural proteins (nsps) are the primary constituents. The 16 SARS-CoV nsps are produced by autoprocessing of two large precursor polyproteins. The RTC is believed to be asso... |
Interferon Lambda: Modulating Immunity in Infectious Diseases | Interferon lambdas (IFN-λs; IFNL1-4) modulate immunity in the context of infections and autoimmune diseases, through a network of induced genes. IFN-λs act by binding to the heterodimeric IFN-λ receptor (IFNLR), activating a STAT phosphorylation-dependent signaling cascade. Thereby hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes are ... |
A study of the probable transmission routes of MERS‐CoV during the first hospital outbreak in the Republic of Korea | Infections caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) are a serious health issue due to their prevalence and associated mortality. However, the transmission routes of the virus remain unclear, and thus, the current recommended control strategies are not evidence based. In this study, we inves... |
Type‐specific clinical characteristics of adenovirus‐associated influenza‐like illness at five US military medical centers, 2009–2014 | BACKGROUND: Adenovirus is a recognized cause of influenza‐like illness (ILI). The proportion of ILI attributable to adenovirus is not known. Moreover, knowledge gaps remain with respect to the epidemiologic, virologic, and clinical characteristics of adenovirus‐associated ILI among otherwise healthy individuals. METHOD... |
A Recombinant La Sota Vaccine Strain Expressing Multiple Epitopes of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Protects Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Chickens against IBV and NDV Challenges | Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two major infectious diseases that are a threat to the domestic poultry industry. In this study, we successfully generated a recombinant LaSota candidate vaccine strain, rNDV-IBV-T/B, which expresses a short, synthetic, previously identified IBV S1 multi-epitope... |
SARS – a perspective from a school of nursing in Hong Kong | Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a new infectious disease with significant morbidity and mortality that has had a major impact on health and health care services worldwide. Hong Kong has had a significant number of cases and deaths. Nurses, at the vanguard of the clinical health care team, have b... |
Impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur l’activité chirurgicale au sein des services d’urologie de l’Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris | ABSTRACT Introduction: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in France, all non-emergency surgical activity has been cancelled since March 12, 2020. In order to anticipate the reinstatement of delayed interventions, surgical activity reduction analysis is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduct... |
Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in children undergoing heart surgery | Abstract Background Acute viral respiratory infections (VRI) are the most common diseases in humans and are associated with high morbidity and mortality in infants and the elderly. Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are more susceptible to get severe forms of VRI due to their altered lung mechanics, leading t... |
Stimulator of IFN genes mediates neuroinflammatory injury by suppressing AMPK signal in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage | BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation is closely associated with the poor prognosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. This study was aimed to determine the role of stimulator of IFN genes (STING), an essential regulator to innate immunity, in the context of SAH. METHODS: A total of 344 male C57BL/6 J mice were subject... |
Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 42 deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study | This study described the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients who died from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pointed out the potential risk factors associated with fatal outcomes. Retrospective data from 42 death cases due to SARS-CoV-2 infection at Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Scienc... |
COVID 19: Modified Underwater seal chest drain system | |
Aminoglycosides can be a better choice over Macrolides in COVID-19 regimen: Plausible Mechanism for repurposing strategy | In the current COVID-19 pandemic, prioritizing the immunity enhancers is equally important to anti-virals. Defensins are the forgotten molecules that enhance the innate immunity against various microbes. Although macrolides like azithromycin and clarithromycin etc., have been reported to act against respiratory infecti... |
Use of MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 to assess disease severity in children with viral lower respiratory tract infections | Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in respiratory inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was hypothesized that MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 may function as biological markers to assess disease severity in viral lower respiratory tract infections in children. MMP‐8 an... |
Mathematical models of infectious disease transmission | Mathematical analysis and modelling is central to infectious disease epidemiology. Here, we provide an intuitive introduction to the process of disease transmission, how this stochastic process can be represented mathematically and how this mathematical representation can be used to analyse the emergent dynamics of obs... |
An in silico approach for identification of novel inhibitors as potential therapeutics targeting COVID-19 main protease | Respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has been labeled a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Very little is known about the infection mechanism for this virus. More importantly, there are no drugs or vaccines that can cure or prevent a person from getting COVID-19. In this study, the bindi... |
Production of specific IgY antibody to the recombinant FanC protein produced in Escherichia coli | OBJECTIVE(S): Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are one of the primary causes of diarrhea in newborn calves and in humans, pigs, and sheep. IgY technology has been identified as a promising alternative to generating a mass amount of specific antibody for use in immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. The pur... |
Resistance of Aerosolized Bacterial Viruses to Four Germicidal Products | Viral diseases can spread through a variety of routes including aerosols. Yet, limited data are available on the efficacy of aerosolized chemicals to reduce viral loads in the air. Bacteriophages (phages) are often used as surrogates for hazardous viruses in aerosol studies because they are inexpensive, easy to handle,... |
AI Augmentation of Radiologist Performance in Distinguishing COVID-19 from Pneumonia of Other Etiology on Chest CT | BACKGROUND: COVID-19 and pneumonia of other etiology share similar CT characteristics, contributing to the challenges in differentiating them with high accuracy. PURPOSE: To establish and evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI) system in differentiating COVID-19 and other pneumonia on chest CT and assess radiologist p... |
PNEUMONIA | Overview and Epidemiology | Pneumonia is the infection of the distal lower respiratory tract, principally the alveolar space, including the small bronchi and bronchioles. Pneumonia results from the proliferation of microorganisms at these sites in combination with the host response to the presence of microorganisms. A variety of pneumonia syndrom... |
Correction to: Simultaneous detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and related bat coronaviruses by real-time reverse transcription PCR | Unfortunately, the concentration unit of plasmids was published incorrectly in the original publication of the article. The concentration unit, 'copies/ml' should be corrected to 'copies/μl'. This changes do not affect to the analytic sensitivity of the method because the detection limits of 50-100 copies/μL and 5-100 ... |
Hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin for COVID-19 – Warranted or dangerous? | |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Full-Term Infants: Case–Control Study and Review of the Literature | OBJECTIVE: To examine the increasing number of full-term infants at our hospital exhibiting necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in order to characterize these cases and to discover common risk factors. METHODS: Medical charts were reviewed for all full-term infants (gestational age > 36 weeks) that were born in our institu... |
Complete Nucleotide Analysis of the Structural Genome of the Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Md27 Reveals its Mosaic Nature | Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes highly contagious respiratory or urogenital tract diseases in chickens. The Maryland 27(Md27) strain was first isolated in 1976 from diseased chicken flocks in the Delmarva Peninsula region. To understand the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of existing strains wi... |
SUDAN: Full Lockdown in Khartoum | |
Inhaled nitric oxide therapy in acute bronchiolitis: A multicenter randomized clinical trial | Currently, there are no approved treatments for infants with acute bronchiolitis, the leading cause for hospitalization of infants worldwide, and thus the recommended approach is supportive. Inhaled Nitric oxide (iNO), possesses anti-viral properties, improves oxygenation, and was shown to be safe in infants with respi... |
Self-employment and Cardiovascular Risk in the US General Population | ABSTRACT Background Studies on self-employment and cardiovascular risk are very limited. We examined the relationship between self-employment and cardiovascular risk among the general population in the United States from 1999 to 2016. Methods Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we ident... |
Chapter 8 Changing how we think about infectious diseases | Abstract As we learn more and more about the classes of organisms that infect humans, we are discovering that many organisms, including pathogenic organisms, may have a complex relationship with humans in which infection seldom results in the production disease. In some cases, infection may be just one biological event... |
Adopting ‘lift-up’ building design to improve the surrounding pedestrian-level wind environment | Abstract Modern megacities are teeming with closely-spaced tall buildings, which limit air circulation at the pedestrian level. The resultant lack of air circulation creates poorly ventilated areas with accumulated air pollutants and thermal discomfort in the summer. To improve air circulation at the pedestrian level, ... |
Chapter 5 Trends in Nonparenteral Delivery of Biologics, Vaccines and Cancer Therapies | Abstract Recent years have witnessed the development and advancement of many nonparenteral biologics and vaccines for human use. This chapter discusses various nonparenteral routes of administration. The oral route of administration is the most preferred and patient compliant method of them all. Transdermal, buccal, an... |
Impact of a modification of the clinical practice guide of the American Academy of Pediatrics in the management of severe acute bronchiolitis in a pediatric intensive care unit | Abstract Objective To describe the characteristics and evolution of patients with bronchiolitis admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit, and compare treatment pre- and post-publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guide. Design A descriptive and observational study was carried out between... |
Do you become immune once you have been infected? | |
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: What Do We Know? | Abstract Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a viral respiratory infection initially reported in the Saudi Arabian peninsula in 2012. This epidemic has crossed from Middle Eastern countries into many European and Asian countries. Recently, the United States and United Kingdom have also been impacted. Althou... |
Glycyrrhizic Acid Promotes M1 Macrophage Polarization in Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Associated with the Activation of JNK and NF-κB | The roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza species (licorice) have been widely used as natural sweeteners and herbal medicines. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) from licorice on macrophage polarization. Both phenotypic and functional activities of murine bone marrow-derived macrop... |
Chapter 9 Health Insurance and Payment System Reform in China | Abstract Payment system reform has become one of the primary targets of Chinese healthcare reform since 2009. This chapter describes the development of China’s insurance system, along with a review of the policy and impacts of payment reform from fee-for-service to alternative schemes, while focusing on capitation paym... |
Novel Function of Bluetongue Virus NS3 Protein in Regulation of the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway | Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arbovirus transmitted by blood-feeding midges to a wide range of wild and domestic ruminants. In this report, we showed that BTV, through its virulence non-structural protein NS3 (BTV-NS3), is able to activate the MAPK/ERK pathway. In response to growth factors, the MAPK/ERK pathway activat... |
Pathosphere.org: pathogen detection and characterization through a web-based, open source informatics platform | BACKGROUND: The detection of pathogens in complex sample backgrounds has been revolutionized by wide access to next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. However, analytical methods to support NGS platforms are not as uniformly available. Pathosphere (found at Pathosphere.org) is a cloud - based open - sourced communi... |
Public Health Emergencies of International Concern: Global, Regional, and Local Responses to Risk | The declaration in 2009 that the H1N1 pandemic constituted a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) was the first such declaration under the revised International Health Regulations that were adopted in 2005. In the period since then PHEIC have been declared in relation to polio, Ebola, and Zika. This... |
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