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| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-104900
|
57337ebd4776f41900660bdd
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.1% by October 2009, the highest rate since 1983 and roughly twice the pre-crisis rate. The average hours per work week declined to 33, the lowest level since the government began collecting the data in 1964. With the decline of gross domestic product came the decline in innovation. With fewer resources to risk in creative destruction, the number of patent applications flat-lined. Compared to the previous 5 years of exponential increases in patent application, this stagnation correlates to the similar drop in GDP during the same time period.
|
What was the average hours per work week in October 2009?
|
What was the average hours per work week in October 2009?
|
[
"What was the average hours per work week in October 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"33"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104901
|
57337ebd4776f41900660bde
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.1% by October 2009, the highest rate since 1983 and roughly twice the pre-crisis rate. The average hours per work week declined to 33, the lowest level since the government began collecting the data in 1964. With the decline of gross domestic product came the decline in innovation. With fewer resources to risk in creative destruction, the number of patent applications flat-lined. Compared to the previous 5 years of exponential increases in patent application, this stagnation correlates to the similar drop in GDP during the same time period.
|
The decline of gross domestic product also caused a decline in innovation, evidenced by the flat-lining of what?
|
The decline of gross domestic product also caused a decline in innovation, evidenced by the flat-lining of what?
|
[
"The decline of gross domestic product also caused a decline in innovation, evidenced by the flat-lining of what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"patent applications"
],
"answer_start": [
633
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104902
|
57337fd34776f41900660bf9
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
Typical American families did not fare as well, nor did those "wealthy-but-not wealthiest" families just beneath the pyramid's top. On the other hand, half of the poorest families did not have wealth declines at all during the crisis. The Federal Reserve surveyed 4,000 households between 2007 and 2009, and found that the total wealth of 63 percent of all Americans declined in that period. 77 percent of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth, while only 50 percent of those on the bottom of the pyramid suffered a decrease.
|
How many of the poorest families did not have any wealth decline during the financial crisis?
|
How many of the poorest families did not have any wealth decline during the financial crisis?
|
[
"How many of the poorest families did not have any wealth decline during the financial crisis?"
] |
{
"text": [
"half"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104903
|
57337fd34776f41900660bfa
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
Typical American families did not fare as well, nor did those "wealthy-but-not wealthiest" families just beneath the pyramid's top. On the other hand, half of the poorest families did not have wealth declines at all during the crisis. The Federal Reserve surveyed 4,000 households between 2007 and 2009, and found that the total wealth of 63 percent of all Americans declined in that period. 77 percent of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth, while only 50 percent of those on the bottom of the pyramid suffered a decrease.
|
In a Federal Reserve survey of 4,000 households, what percent reported wealth decline between 2007 and 2009?
|
In a Federal Reserve survey of 4,000 households, what percent reported wealth decline between 2007 and 2009?
|
[
"In a Federal Reserve survey of 4,000 households, what percent reported wealth decline between 2007 and 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"63"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104904
|
57337fd34776f41900660bfb
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
Typical American families did not fare as well, nor did those "wealthy-but-not wealthiest" families just beneath the pyramid's top. On the other hand, half of the poorest families did not have wealth declines at all during the crisis. The Federal Reserve surveyed 4,000 households between 2007 and 2009, and found that the total wealth of 63 percent of all Americans declined in that period. 77 percent of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth, while only 50 percent of those on the bottom of the pyramid suffered a decrease.
|
How many of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?
|
How many of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?
|
[
"How many of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"77"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104905
|
57337fd34776f41900660bfc
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
Typical American families did not fare as well, nor did those "wealthy-but-not wealthiest" families just beneath the pyramid's top. On the other hand, half of the poorest families did not have wealth declines at all during the crisis. The Federal Reserve surveyed 4,000 households between 2007 and 2009, and found that the total wealth of 63 percent of all Americans declined in that period. 77 percent of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth, while only 50 percent of those on the bottom of the pyramid suffered a decrease.
|
How many families at the bottom of the pyramid had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?
|
How many families at the bottom of the pyramid had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?
|
[
"How many families at the bottom of the pyramid had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"50"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104906
|
57337fd34776f41900660bfd
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
Typical American families did not fare as well, nor did those "wealthy-but-not wealthiest" families just beneath the pyramid's top. On the other hand, half of the poorest families did not have wealth declines at all during the crisis. The Federal Reserve surveyed 4,000 households between 2007 and 2009, and found that the total wealth of 63 percent of all Americans declined in that period. 77 percent of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth, while only 50 percent of those on the bottom of the pyramid suffered a decrease.
|
Which families experienced the least decline in wealth between 2007 and 2009?
|
Which families experienced the least decline in wealth between 2007 and 2009?
|
[
"Which families experienced the least decline in wealth between 2007 and 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"poorest families"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104907
|
573381524776f41900660c15
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
On November 3, 2008, the European Commission at Brussels predicted for 2009 an extremely weak growth of GDP, by 0.1%, for the countries of the Eurozone (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium etc.) and even negative number for the UK (−1.0%), Ireland and Spain. On November 6, the IMF at Washington, D.C., launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession by −0.3% for 2009, averaged over the developed economies. On the same day, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, respectively, reduced their interest rates from 4.5% down to 3%, and from 3.75% down to 3.25%. As a consequence, starting from November 2008, several countries launched large "help packages" for their economies.
|
On November 3, 2008, who predicted extremely weak GDP growth for the Eurozone in 2009?
|
On November 3, 2008, who predicted extremely weak GDP growth for the Eurozone in 2009?
|
[
"On November 3, 2008, who predicted extremely weak GDP growth for the Eurozone in 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"European Commission at Brussels"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104908
|
573381524776f41900660c16
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
On November 3, 2008, the European Commission at Brussels predicted for 2009 an extremely weak growth of GDP, by 0.1%, for the countries of the Eurozone (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium etc.) and even negative number for the UK (−1.0%), Ireland and Spain. On November 6, the IMF at Washington, D.C., launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession by −0.3% for 2009, averaged over the developed economies. On the same day, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, respectively, reduced their interest rates from 4.5% down to 3%, and from 3.75% down to 3.25%. As a consequence, starting from November 2008, several countries launched large "help packages" for their economies.
|
How much did the European Commission estimate the GDP growth for Eurozone countries would be in 2009?
|
How much did the European Commission estimate the GDP growth for Eurozone countries would be in 2009?
|
[
"How much did the European Commission estimate the GDP growth for Eurozone countries would be in 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"0.1%"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104909
|
573381524776f41900660c17
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
On November 3, 2008, the European Commission at Brussels predicted for 2009 an extremely weak growth of GDP, by 0.1%, for the countries of the Eurozone (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium etc.) and even negative number for the UK (−1.0%), Ireland and Spain. On November 6, the IMF at Washington, D.C., launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession by −0.3% for 2009, averaged over the developed economies. On the same day, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, respectively, reduced their interest rates from 4.5% down to 3%, and from 3.75% down to 3.25%. As a consequence, starting from November 2008, several countries launched large "help packages" for their economies.
|
How much did the European Commission estimate the GDP growth for the UK would be in 2009?
|
How much did the European Commission estimate the GDP growth for the UK would be in 2009?
|
[
"How much did the European Commission estimate the GDP growth for the UK would be in 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"−1.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104910
|
573381524776f41900660c18
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
On November 3, 2008, the European Commission at Brussels predicted for 2009 an extremely weak growth of GDP, by 0.1%, for the countries of the Eurozone (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium etc.) and even negative number for the UK (−1.0%), Ireland and Spain. On November 6, the IMF at Washington, D.C., launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession by −0.3% for 2009, averaged over the developed economies. On the same day, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, respectively, reduced their interest rates from 4.5% down to 3%, and from 3.75% down to 3.25%. As a consequence, starting from November 2008, several countries launched large "help packages" for their economies.
|
On November 6, in Washington, D.C., who predicted a worldwide recession for 2009?
|
On November 6, in Washington, D.C., who predicted a worldwide recession for 2009?
|
[
"On November 6, in Washington, D.C., who predicted a worldwide recession for 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the IMF"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104911
|
573381524776f41900660c19
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
On November 3, 2008, the European Commission at Brussels predicted for 2009 an extremely weak growth of GDP, by 0.1%, for the countries of the Eurozone (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium etc.) and even negative number for the UK (−1.0%), Ireland and Spain. On November 6, the IMF at Washington, D.C., launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession by −0.3% for 2009, averaged over the developed economies. On the same day, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, respectively, reduced their interest rates from 4.5% down to 3%, and from 3.75% down to 3.25%. As a consequence, starting from November 2008, several countries launched large "help packages" for their economies.
|
On November 5, 2008, the Bank of England reduced their interest rate from 4.5% to what?
|
On November 5, 2008, the Bank of England reduced their interest rate from 4.5% to what?
|
[
"On November 5, 2008, the Bank of England reduced their interest rate from 4.5% to what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"3%"
],
"answer_start": [
536
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104912
|
5733823bd058e614000b5c03
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks around the world have taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral, in which lower wages and higher unemployment lead to a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption. In addition, governments have enacted large fiscal stimulus packages, by borrowing and spending to offset the reduction in private sector demand caused by the crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's new and expanded liquidity facilities were intended to enable the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis while mitigating stigma, broadening the set of institutions with access to liquidity, and increasing the flexibility with which institutions could tap such liquidity.
|
What have central banks around the world done to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral?
|
What have central banks around the world done to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral?
|
[
"What have central banks around the world done to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral?"
] |
{
"text": [
"expand money supplies"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104913
|
5733823bd058e614000b5c04
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks around the world have taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral, in which lower wages and higher unemployment lead to a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption. In addition, governments have enacted large fiscal stimulus packages, by borrowing and spending to offset the reduction in private sector demand caused by the crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's new and expanded liquidity facilities were intended to enable the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis while mitigating stigma, broadening the set of institutions with access to liquidity, and increasing the flexibility with which institutions could tap such liquidity.
|
What have governments done to offset the reduction in private sector demand?
|
What have governments done to offset the reduction in private sector demand?
|
[
"What have governments done to offset the reduction in private sector demand?"
] |
{
"text": [
"enacted large fiscal stimulus packages"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104914
|
5733823bd058e614000b5c05
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks around the world have taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral, in which lower wages and higher unemployment lead to a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption. In addition, governments have enacted large fiscal stimulus packages, by borrowing and spending to offset the reduction in private sector demand caused by the crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's new and expanded liquidity facilities were intended to enable the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis while mitigating stigma, broadening the set of institutions with access to liquidity, and increasing the flexibility with which institutions could tap such liquidity.
|
What is the U.S. Federal Reserve's traditional role during a crisis?
|
What is the U.S. Federal Reserve's traditional role during a crisis?
|
[
"What is the U.S. Federal Reserve's traditional role during a crisis?"
] |
{
"text": [
"lender-of-last-resort"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104915
|
5733823bd058e614000b5c06
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks around the world have taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral, in which lower wages and higher unemployment lead to a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption. In addition, governments have enacted large fiscal stimulus packages, by borrowing and spending to offset the reduction in private sector demand caused by the crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's new and expanded liquidity facilities were intended to enable the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis while mitigating stigma, broadening the set of institutions with access to liquidity, and increasing the flexibility with which institutions could tap such liquidity.
|
What did the U.S. Federal Reserve do to increase access to liquidity?
|
What did the U.S. Federal Reserve do to increase access to liquidity?
|
[
"What did the U.S. Federal Reserve do to increase access to liquidity?"
] |
{
"text": [
"expanded liquidity facilities"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104916
|
5733823bd058e614000b5c07
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks around the world have taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral, in which lower wages and higher unemployment lead to a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption. In addition, governments have enacted large fiscal stimulus packages, by borrowing and spending to offset the reduction in private sector demand caused by the crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's new and expanded liquidity facilities were intended to enable the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis while mitigating stigma, broadening the set of institutions with access to liquidity, and increasing the flexibility with which institutions could tap such liquidity.
|
What type decline does lower wages and higher unemployment lead to?
|
What type decline does lower wages and higher unemployment lead to?
|
[
"What type decline does lower wages and higher unemployment lead to?"
] |
{
"text": [
"self-reinforcing decline"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104917
|
5733835e4776f41900660c4b
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States.
|
What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse?
|
What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse?
|
[
"What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse?"
] |
{
"text": [
"credit freeze"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104918
|
5733835e4776f41900660c4c
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States.
|
How much government debt and troubled private assets did central banks purchase during the last quarter of 2008?
|
How much government debt and troubled private assets did central banks purchase during the last quarter of 2008?
|
[
"How much government debt and troubled private assets did central banks purchase during the last quarter of 2008?"
] |
{
"text": [
"US$2.5 trillion"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104919
|
5733835e4776f41900660c4d
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States.
|
How much preferred stock did governments of European nations and the USA purchase in their major banks?
|
How much preferred stock did governments of European nations and the USA purchase in their major banks?
|
[
"How much preferred stock did governments of European nations and the USA purchase in their major banks?"
] |
{
"text": [
"$1.5 trillion"
],
"answer_start": [
719
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104920
|
5733835e4776f41900660c4e
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States.
|
In October 2010, who was the Nobel laureate that explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was creating currency to combat the liquidity trap?
|
In October 2010, who was the Nobel laureate that explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was creating currency to combat the liquidity trap?
|
[
"In October 2010, who was the Nobel laureate that explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was creating currency to combat the liquidity trap?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Joseph Stiglitz"
],
"answer_start": [
816
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104921
|
5733835e4776f41900660c4f
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States.
|
What did the banks chose to do with the money created by the Federal Reserve instead of financing more domestic loans and refinancing mortgages?
|
What did the banks chose to do with the money created by the Federal Reserve instead of financing more domestic loans and refinancing mortgages?
|
[
"What did the banks chose to do with the money created by the Federal Reserve instead of financing more domestic loans and refinancing mortgages?"
] |
{
"text": [
"investing internationally in emerging markets"
],
"answer_start": [
1235
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104922
|
57338497d058e614000b5c4c
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
United States President Barack Obama and key advisers introduced a series of regulatory proposals in June 2009. The proposals address consumer protection, executive pay, bank financial cushions or capital requirements, expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives, and enhanced authority for the Federal Reserve to safely wind-down systemically important institutions, among others. In January 2010, Obama proposed additional regulations limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading. The proposals were dubbed "The Volcker Rule", in recognition of Paul Volcker, who has publicly argued for the proposed changes.
|
What was introduced by President Barack Obama in June 2009?
|
What was introduced by President Barack Obama in June 2009?
|
[
"What was introduced by President Barack Obama in June 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"a series of regulatory proposals"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104923
|
57338497d058e614000b5c4d
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
United States President Barack Obama and key advisers introduced a series of regulatory proposals in June 2009. The proposals address consumer protection, executive pay, bank financial cushions or capital requirements, expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives, and enhanced authority for the Federal Reserve to safely wind-down systemically important institutions, among others. In January 2010, Obama proposed additional regulations limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading. The proposals were dubbed "The Volcker Rule", in recognition of Paul Volcker, who has publicly argued for the proposed changes.
|
What was one of the items important to consumers that was addressed by the new regulatory proposals introduced in June 2009?
|
What was one of the items important to consumers that was addressed by the new regulatory proposals introduced in June 2009?
|
[
"What was one of the items important to consumers that was addressed by the new regulatory proposals introduced in June 2009?"
] |
{
"text": [
"consumer protection"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104924
|
57338497d058e614000b5c4e
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
United States President Barack Obama and key advisers introduced a series of regulatory proposals in June 2009. The proposals address consumer protection, executive pay, bank financial cushions or capital requirements, expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives, and enhanced authority for the Federal Reserve to safely wind-down systemically important institutions, among others. In January 2010, Obama proposed additional regulations limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading. The proposals were dubbed "The Volcker Rule", in recognition of Paul Volcker, who has publicly argued for the proposed changes.
|
Regulations were proposed by Obama in January 2010 to limit the ability of banks to engage in which type trading?
|
Regulations were proposed by Obama in January 2010 to limit the ability of banks to engage in which type trading?
|
[
"Regulations were proposed by Obama in January 2010 to limit the ability of banks to engage in which type trading?"
] |
{
"text": [
"proprietary"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104925
|
57338497d058e614000b5c4f
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
United States President Barack Obama and key advisers introduced a series of regulatory proposals in June 2009. The proposals address consumer protection, executive pay, bank financial cushions or capital requirements, expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives, and enhanced authority for the Federal Reserve to safely wind-down systemically important institutions, among others. In January 2010, Obama proposed additional regulations limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading. The proposals were dubbed "The Volcker Rule", in recognition of Paul Volcker, who has publicly argued for the proposed changes.
|
Who were proposed new regulations called "The Volcker Rule" named after?
|
Who were proposed new regulations called "The Volcker Rule" named after?
|
[
"Who were proposed new regulations called \"The Volcker Rule\" named after?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Paul Volcker"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104926
|
57338497d058e614000b5c50
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
United States President Barack Obama and key advisers introduced a series of regulatory proposals in June 2009. The proposals address consumer protection, executive pay, bank financial cushions or capital requirements, expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives, and enhanced authority for the Federal Reserve to safely wind-down systemically important institutions, among others. In January 2010, Obama proposed additional regulations limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading. The proposals were dubbed "The Volcker Rule", in recognition of Paul Volcker, who has publicly argued for the proposed changes.
|
Who publicly argued for changes limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading?
|
Who publicly argued for changes limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading?
|
[
"Who publicly argued for changes limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Paul Volcker"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104927
|
5733857b4776f41900660c89
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009. These bills must now be reconciled. The New York Times provided a comparative summary of the features of the two bills, which address to varying extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration. For instance, the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation, though in the Senate bill regulators have the discretion but not the obligation to prohibit these trades.
|
When did the U.S. Senate first pass a financial reform bill?
|
When did the U.S. Senate first pass a financial reform bill?
|
[
"When did the U.S. Senate first pass a financial reform bill?"
] |
{
"text": [
"May 2010"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104928
|
5733857b4776f41900660c8a
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009. These bills must now be reconciled. The New York Times provided a comparative summary of the features of the two bills, which address to varying extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration. For instance, the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation, though in the Senate bill regulators have the discretion but not the obligation to prohibit these trades.
|
When did the U.S. House first pass a financial reform bill?
|
When did the U.S. House first pass a financial reform bill?
|
[
"When did the U.S. House first pass a financial reform bill?"
] |
{
"text": [
"December 2009"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104929
|
5733857b4776f41900660c8b
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009. These bills must now be reconciled. The New York Times provided a comparative summary of the features of the two bills, which address to varying extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration. For instance, the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation, though in the Senate bill regulators have the discretion but not the obligation to prohibit these trades.
|
What rule against proprietary trading was not part of legislation passed by either the Senate or House?
|
What rule against proprietary trading was not part of legislation passed by either the Senate or House?
|
[
"What rule against proprietary trading was not part of legislation passed by either the Senate or House?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Volcker Rule"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104930
|
5733857b4776f41900660c8c
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009. These bills must now be reconciled. The New York Times provided a comparative summary of the features of the two bills, which address to varying extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration. For instance, the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation, though in the Senate bill regulators have the discretion but not the obligation to prohibit these trades.
|
Which bill gave regulators the discretion to prohibit proprietary trades?
|
Which bill gave regulators the discretion to prohibit proprietary trades?
|
[
"Which bill gave regulators the discretion to prohibit proprietary trades?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Senate"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104931
|
573386814776f41900660ca0
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Major banks suffered losses from AAA-rated created by financial engineering (which creates apparently risk-free assets out of high risk collateral) that required less capital according to Basel II. Lending to AA-rated sovereigns has a risk-weight of zero, thus increasing lending to governments and leading to the next crisis. Johan Norberg argues that regulations (Basel III among others) have indeed led to excessive lending to risky governments (see European sovereign-debt crisis) and the ECB pursues even more lending as the solution.
|
What did European regulators introduce to increase the oversight of banks?
|
What did European regulators introduce to increase the oversight of banks?
|
[
"What did European regulators introduce to increase the oversight of banks?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Basel III regulations"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104932
|
573386814776f41900660ca1
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Major banks suffered losses from AAA-rated created by financial engineering (which creates apparently risk-free assets out of high risk collateral) that required less capital according to Basel II. Lending to AA-rated sovereigns has a risk-weight of zero, thus increasing lending to governments and leading to the next crisis. Johan Norberg argues that regulations (Basel III among others) have indeed led to excessive lending to risky governments (see European sovereign-debt crisis) and the ECB pursues even more lending as the solution.
|
Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem?
|
Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem?
|
[
"Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem?"
] |
{
"text": [
"faulty risk-weightings"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104933
|
573386814776f41900660ca2
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Major banks suffered losses from AAA-rated created by financial engineering (which creates apparently risk-free assets out of high risk collateral) that required less capital according to Basel II. Lending to AA-rated sovereigns has a risk-weight of zero, thus increasing lending to governments and leading to the next crisis. Johan Norberg argues that regulations (Basel III among others) have indeed led to excessive lending to risky governments (see European sovereign-debt crisis) and the ECB pursues even more lending as the solution.
|
Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments?
|
Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments?
|
[
"Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Johan Norberg"
],
"answer_start": [
643
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104934
|
573386814776f41900660ca3
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Major banks suffered losses from AAA-rated created by financial engineering (which creates apparently risk-free assets out of high risk collateral) that required less capital according to Basel II. Lending to AA-rated sovereigns has a risk-weight of zero, thus increasing lending to governments and leading to the next crisis. Johan Norberg argues that regulations (Basel III among others) have indeed led to excessive lending to risky governments (see European sovereign-debt crisis) and the ECB pursues even more lending as the solution.
|
What was increased by Basel III regulations?
|
What was increased by Basel III regulations?
|
[
"What was increased by Basel III regulations?"
] |
{
"text": [
"capital ratios"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104935
|
573386814776f41900660ca4
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Major banks suffered losses from AAA-rated created by financial engineering (which creates apparently risk-free assets out of high risk collateral) that required less capital according to Basel II. Lending to AA-rated sovereigns has a risk-weight of zero, thus increasing lending to governments and leading to the next crisis. Johan Norberg argues that regulations (Basel III among others) have indeed led to excessive lending to risky governments (see European sovereign-debt crisis) and the ECB pursues even more lending as the solution.
|
What term describes creating risk-free assets out of high risk collateral?
|
What term describes creating risk-free assets out of high risk collateral?
|
[
"What term describes creating risk-free assets out of high risk collateral?"
] |
{
"text": [
"financial engineering"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104936
|
573387494776f41900660caf
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission dates the crisis to 2008. President Barack Obama declared on January 27, 2010, "the markets are now stabilized, and we've recovered most of the money we spent on the banks."
|
When did the U.S. recession that began in December 2007 end?
|
When did the U.S. recession that began in December 2007 end?
|
[
"When did the U.S. recession that began in December 2007 end?"
] |
{
"text": [
"June 2009"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104937
|
573387494776f41900660cb0
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission dates the crisis to 2008. President Barack Obama declared on January 27, 2010, "the markets are now stabilized, and we've recovered most of the money we spent on the banks."
|
When did the financial crisis appear to have ended?
|
When did the financial crisis appear to have ended?
|
[
"When did the financial crisis appear to have ended?"
] |
{
"text": [
"June 2009"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104938
|
573387494776f41900660cb1
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission dates the crisis to 2008. President Barack Obama declared on January 27, 2010, "the markets are now stabilized, and we've recovered most of the money we spent on the banks."
|
What was the name of the article that appeared in TIME magazine in April 2009 declaring the crisis over?
|
What was the name of the article that appeared in TIME magazine in April 2009 declaring the crisis over?
|
[
"What was the name of the article that appeared in TIME magazine in April 2009 declaring the crisis over?"
] |
{
"text": [
"More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over.\""
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104939
|
573387494776f41900660cb2
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission dates the crisis to 2008. President Barack Obama declared on January 27, 2010, "the markets are now stabilized, and we've recovered most of the money we spent on the banks."
|
On what date did President Barack Obama declare that the markets are stabilized?
|
On what date did President Barack Obama declare that the markets are stabilized?
|
[
"On what date did President Barack Obama declare that the markets are stabilized?"
] |
{
"text": [
"January 27, 2010"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104940
|
573387494776f41900660cb3
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission dates the crisis to 2008. President Barack Obama declared on January 27, 2010, "the markets are now stabilized, and we've recovered most of the money we spent on the banks."
|
When does the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to?
|
When does the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to?
|
[
"When does the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to?"
] |
{
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104941
|
573388854776f41900660cb9
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014. In the tables, the names of emergent economies are shown in boldface type, while the names of developed economies are in Roman (regular) type.
|
Who led global economic growth after the financial crisis?
|
Who led global economic growth after the financial crisis?
|
[
"Who led global economic growth after the financial crisis?"
] |
{
"text": [
"\"emerging\" and \"developing\" economies"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104942
|
573388854776f41900660cba
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014. In the tables, the names of emergent economies are shown in boldface type, while the names of developed economies are in Roman (regular) type.
|
How much global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014?
|
How much global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014?
|
[
"How much global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014?"
] |
{
"text": [
"69%"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104943
|
573388854776f41900660cbb
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014. In the tables, the names of emergent economies are shown in boldface type, while the names of developed economies are in Roman (regular) type.
|
How much global GDP did "advanced" economies account for from 2007 to 2014?
|
How much global GDP did "advanced" economies account for from 2007 to 2014?
|
[
"How much global GDP did \"advanced\" economies account for from 2007 to 2014?"
] |
{
"text": [
"31%"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104944
|
573388854776f41900660cbc
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014. In the tables, the names of emergent economies are shown in boldface type, while the names of developed economies are in Roman (regular) type.
|
What economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis?
|
What economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis?
|
[
"What economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Advanced economies"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104945
|
573388854776f41900660cbd
|
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
|
Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014. In the tables, the names of emergent economies are shown in boldface type, while the names of developed economies are in Roman (regular) type.
|
What relationship between advanced and emerging/developing was completely overturned by the financial crisis of 2007?
|
What relationship between advanced and emerging/developing was completely overturned by the financial crisis of 2007?
|
[
"What relationship between advanced and emerging/developing was completely overturned by the financial crisis of 2007?"
] |
{
"text": [
"global economic growth"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104946
|
572946c53f37b319004781f3
|
Palermo
|
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
|
For what is Palermo known?
|
For what is Palermo known?
|
[
"For what is Palermo known?"
] |
{
"text": [
"history, culture, architecture and gastronomy"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104947
|
572946c53f37b319004781f4
|
Palermo
|
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
|
How old is the city of Palermo?
|
How old is the city of Palermo?
|
[
"How old is the city of Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [
"2,700 years old"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104948
|
572946c53f37b319004781f5
|
Palermo
|
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
|
On what island is Palermo located?
|
On what island is Palermo located?
|
[
"On what island is Palermo located?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Sicily"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104949
|
5a3e4f88378766001a00256d
|
Palermo
|
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
|
What country is Paletrmo a mainland city of?
|
What country is Paletrmo a mainland city of?
|
[
"What country is Paletrmo a mainland city of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104950
|
5a3e4f88378766001a00256e
|
Palermo
|
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
|
What city is the capital of the Palermo province but noit the region of Sicily?
|
What city is the capital of the Palermo province but noit the region of Sicily?
|
[
"What city is the capital of the Palermo province but noit the region of Sicily?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104951
|
5a3e4f88378766001a00256f
|
Palermo
|
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
|
What city has been around since 2700 A.D.?
|
What city has been around since 2700 A.D.?
|
[
"What city has been around since 2700 A.D.?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104952
|
5a3e4f88378766001a002570
|
Palermo
|
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
|
What city is in the northwest of Italy?
|
What city is in the northwest of Italy?
|
[
"What city is in the northwest of Italy?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104953
|
5a3e4f88378766001a002571
|
Palermo
|
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
|
What city is near the Tyrrhenian Gulf?
|
What city is near the Tyrrhenian Gulf?
|
[
"What city is near the Tyrrhenian Gulf?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104954
|
5729478f6aef051400154c56
|
Palermo
|
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
|
In what year was Palermo founded?
|
In what year was Palermo founded?
|
[
"In what year was Palermo founded?"
] |
{
"text": [
"734 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104955
|
5729478f6aef051400154c57
|
Palermo
|
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
|
What name was Palermo originally founded as?
|
What name was Palermo originally founded as?
|
[
"What name was Palermo originally founded as?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Ziz"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104956
|
5729478f6aef051400154c58
|
Palermo
|
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
|
What group of people founded Palermo?
|
What group of people founded Palermo?
|
[
"What group of people founded Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Phoenicians"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104957
|
5729478f6aef051400154c59
|
Palermo
|
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
|
What did the Greeks name Palermo?
|
What did the Greeks name Palermo?
|
[
"What did the Greeks name Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Panormus"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104958
|
5729478f6aef051400154c5a
|
Palermo
|
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
|
During which years was Palermo ruled by the Arabs?
|
During which years was Palermo ruled by the Arabs?
|
[
"During which years was Palermo ruled by the Arabs?"
] |
{
"text": [
"831 to 1072"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104959
|
5a3e5acc378766001a0025b3
|
Palermo
|
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
|
Who founded Palermo in 734 AD?
|
Who founded Palermo in 734 AD?
|
[
"Who founded Palermo in 734 AD?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104960
|
5a3e5acc378766001a0025b4
|
Palermo
|
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
|
Who changed the name of Palermo to Ziz?
|
Who changed the name of Palermo to Ziz?
|
[
"Who changed the name of Palermo to Ziz?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104961
|
5a3e5acc378766001a0025b5
|
Palermo
|
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
|
Who changed the name of the city from Balarm to Panormus?
|
Who changed the name of the city from Balarm to Panormus?
|
[
"Who changed the name of the city from Balarm to Panormus?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104962
|
5a3e5acc378766001a0025b6
|
Palermo
|
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
|
Who gained control of the city in 1072?
|
Who gained control of the city in 1072?
|
[
"Who gained control of the city in 1072?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104963
|
5a3e5acc378766001a0025b7
|
Palermo
|
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
|
In what year was Palermo united?
|
In what year was Palermo united?
|
[
"In what year was Palermo united?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104964
|
572948523f37b3190047820d
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy.[citation needed] In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.
|
What types of churches attract tourists to Palermo?
|
What types of churches attract tourists to Palermo?
|
[
"What types of churches attract tourists to Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104965
|
572948523f37b3190047820e
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy.[citation needed] In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.
|
Which town is Sicily's primary industrial and commercial center?
|
Which town is Sicily's primary industrial and commercial center?
|
[
"Which town is Sicily's primary industrial and commercial center?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Palermo"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104966
|
572948523f37b3190047820f
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy.[citation needed] In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.
|
What are Palermo's four main industrial sectors?
|
What are Palermo's four main industrial sectors?
|
[
"What are Palermo's four main industrial sectors?"
] |
{
"text": [
"tourism, services, commerce and agriculture"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104967
|
5a3e5c31378766001a0025bd
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy.[citation needed] In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.
|
What city is Italy's cultural , economic, and tourist capital?
|
What city is Italy's cultural , economic, and tourist capital?
|
[
"What city is Italy's cultural , economic, and tourist capital?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104968
|
5a3e5c31378766001a0025be
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy.[citation needed] In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.
|
Who likes Palermo's sub tropical weather?
|
Who likes Palermo's sub tropical weather?
|
[
"Who likes Palermo's sub tropical weather?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104969
|
5a3e5c31378766001a0025bf
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy.[citation needed] In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.
|
What city is main Italian industrial and cultural center?
|
What city is main Italian industrial and cultural center?
|
[
"What city is main Italian industrial and cultural center?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104970
|
5a3e5c31378766001a0025c0
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy.[citation needed] In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.
|
Why is Palermo one of the largest cities in Europe?
|
Why is Palermo one of the largest cities in Europe?
|
[
"Why is Palermo one of the largest cities in Europe?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104971
|
5a3e5c31378766001a0025c1
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy.[citation needed] In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.
|
What is Sicily going through?
|
What is Sicily going through?
|
[
"What is Sicily going through?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104972
|
5729540a1d046914007792b3
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".
|
What geographic form is Palermo surrounded by?
|
What geographic form is Palermo surrounded by?
|
[
"What geographic form is Palermo surrounded by?"
] |
{
"text": [
"mountains"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104973
|
5729540a1d046914007792b4
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".
|
Which author desribed Monte Pelegrino as "The most beautiful promontory in the world?"
|
Which author desribed Monte Pelegrino as "The most beautiful promontory in the world?"
|
[
"Which author desribed Monte Pelegrino as \"The most beautiful promontory in the world?\""
] |
{
"text": [
"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,"
],
"answer_start": [
606
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104974
|
5729540a1d046914007792b5
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".
|
Which is the tallest mountain in Sicily?
|
Which is the tallest mountain in Sicily?
|
[
"Which is the tallest mountain in Sicily?"
] |
{
"text": [
"La Pizzuta"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104975
|
5729540a1d046914007792b6
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".
|
Where is Monte Pellegrino in relation to other peaks?
|
Where is Monte Pellegrino in relation to other peaks?
|
[
"Where is Monte Pellegrino in relation to other peaks?"
] |
{
"text": [
"geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104976
|
5a3e7371378766001a0025c7
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".
|
What city is surrounded by valleys?
|
What city is surrounded by valleys?
|
[
"What city is surrounded by valleys?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104977
|
5a3e7371378766001a0025c8
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".
|
Why is it difficult to reach Palermo from Sicily?
|
Why is it difficult to reach Palermo from Sicily?
|
[
"Why is it difficult to reach Palermo from Sicily?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104978
|
5a3e7371378766001a0025c9
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".
|
Which peak is 1333 feet hight?
|
Which peak is 1333 feet hight?
|
[
"Which peak is 1333 feet hight?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104979
|
5a3e7371378766001a0025ca
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".
|
Which mountain is seperated from the rest of the range by a valley?
|
Which mountain is seperated from the rest of the range by a valley?
|
[
"Which mountain is seperated from the rest of the range by a valley?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104980
|
5a3e7371378766001a0025cb
|
Palermo
|
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".
|
Who described Monte Pellegrino in the 1900's
|
Who described Monte Pellegrino in the 1900's
|
[
"Who described Monte Pellegrino in the 1900's"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104981
|
57295510af94a219006aa2c7
|
Palermo
|
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.
|
How can former rivers be recognised presently?
|
How can former rivers be recognised presently?
|
[
"How can former rivers be recognised presently?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the streets that were built on them follow their shapes"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104982
|
57295510af94a219006aa2c8
|
Palermo
|
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.
|
What is the only remaining waterway in Palermo?
|
What is the only remaining waterway in Palermo?
|
[
"What is the only remaining waterway in Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Oreto river"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104983
|
57295510af94a219006aa2c9
|
Palermo
|
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.
|
Which two former rivers in Palermo are currently building sites?
|
Which two former rivers in Palermo are currently building sites?
|
[
"Which two former rivers in Palermo are currently building sites?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Papireto river and the Kemonia"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104984
|
5a3e747c378766001a0025d1
|
Palermo
|
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.
|
What bodies of water run through Pallermo?
|
What bodies of water run through Pallermo?
|
[
"What bodies of water run through Pallermo?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104985
|
5a3e747c378766001a0025d2
|
Palermo
|
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.
|
What follows the former course of the Oreto?
|
What follows the former course of the Oreto?
|
[
"What follows the former course of the Oreto?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104986
|
5a3e747c378766001a0025d3
|
Palermo
|
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.
|
What river divides the easr and west sides of the city?
|
What river divides the easr and west sides of the city?
|
[
"What river divides the easr and west sides of the city?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104987
|
5a3e747c378766001a0025d4
|
Palermo
|
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.
|
What helped form the rivers.
|
What helped form the rivers.
|
[
"What helped form the rivers."
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104988
|
57295b78af94a219006aa311
|
Palermo
|
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult. The site chosen by the Phoenicians made it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight road that today has become Corso Calatifimi. This road helped the Phoenicians in trading with the populations that lived beyond the mountains that surround the gulf.
|
What did Phoenicans name their settlement in 734BC?
|
What did Phoenicans name their settlement in 734BC?
|
[
"What did Phoenicans name their settlement in 734BC?"
] |
{
"text": [
"\"Ziz.\""
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104989
|
57295b78af94a219006aa312
|
Palermo
|
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult. The site chosen by the Phoenicians made it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight road that today has become Corso Calatifimi. This road helped the Phoenicians in trading with the populations that lived beyond the mountains that surround the gulf.
|
Besides Ziz, what other two major settlements belonged to the Phoenicians
|
Besides Ziz, what other two major settlements belonged to the Phoenicians
|
[
"Besides Ziz, what other two major settlements belonged to the Phoenicians"
] |
{
"text": [
"Motya and Soluntum"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104990
|
57295b78af94a219006aa313
|
Palermo
|
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult. The site chosen by the Phoenicians made it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight road that today has become Corso Calatifimi. This road helped the Phoenicians in trading with the populations that lived beyond the mountains that surround the gulf.
|
Why cant artifacts from the Phoenicians be easily excavated?
|
Why cant artifacts from the Phoenicians be easily excavated?
|
[
"Why cant artifacts from the Phoenicians be easily excavated?"
] |
{
"text": [
"remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104991
|
57295b78af94a219006aa314
|
Palermo
|
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult. The site chosen by the Phoenicians made it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight road that today has become Corso Calatifimi. This road helped the Phoenicians in trading with the populations that lived beyond the mountains that surround the gulf.
|
What is the current name of the road the Phoenicians used for trading?
|
What is the current name of the road the Phoenicians used for trading?
|
[
"What is the current name of the road the Phoenicians used for trading?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Corso Calatifimi"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104992
|
5a3e90275a76c5001a3a834a
|
Palermo
|
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult. The site chosen by the Phoenicians made it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight road that today has become Corso Calatifimi. This road helped the Phoenicians in trading with the populations that lived beyond the mountains that surround the gulf.
|
Who built a settlement on the hatbor of Palermo?
|
Who built a settlement on the hatbor of Palermo?
|
[
"Who built a settlement on the hatbor of Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104993
|
5a3e90275a76c5001a3a834b
|
Palermo
|
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult. The site chosen by the Phoenicians made it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight road that today has become Corso Calatifimi. This road helped the Phoenicians in trading with the populations that lived beyond the mountains that surround the gulf.
|
Where did the Phoenicians build a harbor in 734 AD
|
Where did the Phoenicians build a harbor in 734 AD
|
[
"Where did the Phoenicians build a harbor in 734 AD"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104994
|
5a3e90275a76c5001a3a834c
|
Palermo
|
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult. The site chosen by the Phoenicians made it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight road that today has become Corso Calatifimi. This road helped the Phoenicians in trading with the populations that lived beyond the mountains that surround the gulf.
|
Where is the modern day port of Ziz?
|
Where is the modern day port of Ziz?
|
[
"Where is the modern day port of Ziz?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104995
|
5a3e90275a76c5001a3a834d
|
Palermo
|
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult. The site chosen by the Phoenicians made it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight road that today has become Corso Calatifimi. This road helped the Phoenicians in trading with the populations that lived beyond the mountains that surround the gulf.
|
What road helped the Phoenicians trade with the Arabs?
|
What road helped the Phoenicians trade with the Arabs?
|
[
"What road helped the Phoenicians trade with the Arabs?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104996
|
5a3e90275a76c5001a3a834e
|
Palermo
|
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult. The site chosen by the Phoenicians made it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight road that today has become Corso Calatifimi. This road helped the Phoenicians in trading with the populations that lived beyond the mountains that surround the gulf.
|
What were the other tewo Canaanite colonies of Sicily?
|
What were the other tewo Canaanite colonies of Sicily?
|
[
"What were the other tewo Canaanite colonies of Sicily?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104997
|
57295d68af94a219006aa323
|
Palermo
|
The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some part of this structure can still be seen in the Cassaro district. This district was named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qsr (castle, stronghold). Along the walls there were few doors to access and exit the city, suggesting that trade even toward the inner part of the island occurred frequently. Moreover, according to some studies, it may be possible that there were some walls that divided the old city from the new one too. The colony developed around a central street (decumanus), cut perpendicularly by minor streets. This street today has become the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.
|
Why was the first settlement named Paleapolis?
|
Why was the first settlement named Paleapolis?
|
[
"Why was the first settlement named Paleapolis?"
] |
{
"text": [
"in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104998
|
57295d68af94a219006aa324
|
Palermo
|
The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some part of this structure can still be seen in the Cassaro district. This district was named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qsr (castle, stronghold). Along the walls there were few doors to access and exit the city, suggesting that trade even toward the inner part of the island occurred frequently. Moreover, according to some studies, it may be possible that there were some walls that divided the old city from the new one too. The colony developed around a central street (decumanus), cut perpendicularly by minor streets. This street today has become the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.
|
What were the walls of Neapolis meant to do?
|
What were the walls of Neapolis meant to do?
|
[
"What were the walls of Neapolis meant to do?"
] |
{
"text": [
"prevent attacks from foreign threats"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104999
|
57295d68af94a219006aa325
|
Palermo
|
The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some part of this structure can still be seen in the Cassaro district. This district was named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qsr (castle, stronghold). Along the walls there were few doors to access and exit the city, suggesting that trade even toward the inner part of the island occurred frequently. Moreover, according to some studies, it may be possible that there were some walls that divided the old city from the new one too. The colony developed around a central street (decumanus), cut perpendicularly by minor streets. This street today has become the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.
|
Which district was named for the walls surrounding it?
|
Which district was named for the walls surrounding it?
|
[
"Which district was named for the walls surrounding it?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Cassaro"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
}
|
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