gem_id
stringlengths 20
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| id
stringlengths 24
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| title
stringlengths 3
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| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
270
| target
stringlengths 1
270
| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-105000
|
5a3e92305a76c5001a3a8354
|
Palermo
|
The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some part of this structure can still be seen in the Cassaro district. This district was named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qsr (castle, stronghold). Along the walls there were few doors to access and exit the city, suggesting that trade even toward the inner part of the island occurred frequently. Moreover, according to some studies, it may be possible that there were some walls that divided the old city from the new one too. The colony developed around a central street (decumanus), cut perpendicularly by minor streets. This street today has become the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.
|
What did Arabs call the "old city"?
|
What did Arabs call the "old city"?
|
[
"What did Arabs call the \"old city\"?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105001
|
5a3e92305a76c5001a3a8355
|
Palermo
|
The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some part of this structure can still be seen in the Cassaro district. This district was named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qsr (castle, stronghold). Along the walls there were few doors to access and exit the city, suggesting that trade even toward the inner part of the island occurred frequently. Moreover, according to some studies, it may be possible that there were some walls that divided the old city from the new one too. The colony developed around a central street (decumanus), cut perpendicularly by minor streets. This street today has become the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.
|
What was built during the 500's BC.?
|
What was built during the 500's BC.?
|
[
"What was built during the 500's BC.?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105002
|
5a3e92305a76c5001a3a8356
|
Palermo
|
The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some part of this structure can still be seen in the Cassaro district. This district was named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qsr (castle, stronghold). Along the walls there were few doors to access and exit the city, suggesting that trade even toward the inner part of the island occurred frequently. Moreover, according to some studies, it may be possible that there were some walls that divided the old city from the new one too. The colony developed around a central street (decumanus), cut perpendicularly by minor streets. This street today has become the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.
|
What is Neapolis the first settlement of?
|
What is Neapolis the first settlement of?
|
[
"What is Neapolis the first settlement of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105003
|
5a3e92305a76c5001a3a8357
|
Palermo
|
The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some part of this structure can still be seen in the Cassaro district. This district was named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qsr (castle, stronghold). Along the walls there were few doors to access and exit the city, suggesting that trade even toward the inner part of the island occurred frequently. Moreover, according to some studies, it may be possible that there were some walls that divided the old city from the new one too. The colony developed around a central street (decumanus), cut perpendicularly by minor streets. This street today has become the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.
|
What was built around thesettlement to keep sea water out?
|
What was built around thesettlement to keep sea water out?
|
[
"What was built around thesettlement to keep sea water out?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105004
|
5a3e92305a76c5001a3a8358
|
Palermo
|
The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some part of this structure can still be seen in the Cassaro district. This district was named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qsr (castle, stronghold). Along the walls there were few doors to access and exit the city, suggesting that trade even toward the inner part of the island occurred frequently. Moreover, according to some studies, it may be possible that there were some walls that divided the old city from the new one too. The colony developed around a central street (decumanus), cut perpendicularly by minor streets. This street today has become the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.
|
What district was the wall named after?
|
What district was the wall named after?
|
[
"What district was the wall named after?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105005
|
57295edc6aef051400154d96
|
Palermo
|
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.
|
In which War did Greeks and Phoenicians fight over control of Sicily?
|
In which War did Greeks and Phoenicians fight over control of Sicily?
|
[
"In which War did Greeks and Phoenicians fight over control of Sicily?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Sicilian Wars"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105006
|
57295edc6aef051400154d97
|
Palermo
|
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.
|
Why did the Sicilian Wars end?
|
Why did the Sicilian Wars end?
|
[
"Why did the Sicilian Wars end?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War"
],
"answer_start": [
731
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105007
|
57295edc6aef051400154d98
|
Palermo
|
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.
|
Who conquered Panormos and briefly turned it into a Greek colony?
|
Who conquered Panormos and briefly turned it into a Greek colony?
|
[
"Who conquered Panormos and briefly turned it into a Greek colony?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Pyrrhus of Epirus"
],
"answer_start": [
975
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105008
|
57295edc6aef051400154d99
|
Palermo
|
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.
|
Why did the Greeks name Palermo Panormos?
|
Why did the Greeks name Palermo Panormos?
|
[
"Why did the Greeks name Palermo Panormos?"
] |
{
"text": [
"meaning \"all port\" due to the shape of its coast."
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105009
|
5a3e96235a76c5001a3a8372
|
Palermo
|
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.
|
Who was Palermo's main trading partner under the Greeks?
|
Who was Palermo's main trading partner under the Greeks?
|
[
"Who was Palermo's main trading partner under the Greeks?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105010
|
5a3e96235a76c5001a3a8373
|
Palermo
|
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.
|
Who had a period of peace under Carthage?
|
Who had a period of peace under Carthage?
|
[
"Who had a period of peace under Carthage?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105011
|
5a3e96235a76c5001a3a8374
|
Palermo
|
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.
|
Who did Palermo comer into contact with from the 500's to the 600's BC?
|
Who did Palermo comer into contact with from the 500's to the 600's BC?
|
[
"Who did Palermo comer into contact with from the 500's to the 600's BC?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105012
|
5a3e96235a76c5001a3a8375
|
Palermo
|
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.
|
Witch wars proceeded Palermo's contact with Ancient Greece?
|
Witch wars proceeded Palermo's contact with Ancient Greece?
|
[
"Witch wars proceeded Palermo's contact with Ancient Greece?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105013
|
5a3e96235a76c5001a3a8376
|
Palermo
|
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.
|
Who's fleet was launched from Carthage in 408 BC?
|
Who's fleet was launched from Carthage in 408 BC?
|
[
"Who's fleet was launched from Carthage in 408 BC?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105014
|
57295fc51d04691400779343
|
Palermo
|
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.
|
How had the Vandals earned their strong reputation?
|
How had the Vandals earned their strong reputation?
|
[
"How had the Vandals earned their strong reputation?"
] |
{
"text": [
"occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105015
|
57295fc51d04691400779344
|
Palermo
|
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.
|
Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488?
|
Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488?
|
[
"Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Ostrogoths"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105016
|
57295fc51d04691400779345
|
Palermo
|
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.
|
How was Theodoric different than the Germanic Goths?
|
How was Theodoric different than the Germanic Goths?
|
[
"How was Theodoric different than the Germanic Goths?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Theodoric supported Roman culture and government"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105017
|
57295fc51d04691400779346
|
Palermo
|
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.
|
What name was the Eastern Roman Empire also known by?
|
What name was the Eastern Roman Empire also known by?
|
[
"What name was the Eastern Roman Empire also known by?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Byzantine Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
671
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105018
|
5a3e9b6d5a76c5001a3a839a
|
Palermo
|
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.
|
Who's decline left Palermo under the control of the Roman Empire?
|
Who's decline left Palermo under the control of the Roman Empire?
|
[
"Who's decline left Palermo under the control of the Roman Empire?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105019
|
5a3e9b6d5a76c5001a3a839b
|
Palermo
|
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.
|
Who controled Palermo in the 4th century?
|
Who controled Palermo in the 4th century?
|
[
"Who controled Palermo in the 4th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105020
|
5a3e9b6d5a76c5001a3a839c
|
Palermo
|
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.
|
Who's North African provinces were occupied by the 4th century?
|
Who's North African provinces were occupied by the 4th century?
|
[
"Who's North African provinces were occupied by the 4th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105021
|
5a3e9b6d5a76c5001a3a839d
|
Palermo
|
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.
|
What tribe took the provinces from the Vandals in the 4th century?
|
What tribe took the provinces from the Vandals in the 4th century?
|
[
"What tribe took the provinces from the Vandals in the 4th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105022
|
5a3e9b6d5a76c5001a3a839e
|
Palermo
|
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.
|
What was the name of the war between the Ostogoths and The Western Roman Empire?
|
What was the name of the war between the Ostogoths and The Western Roman Empire?
|
[
"What was the name of the war between the Ostogoths and The Western Roman Empire?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105023
|
57296106af94a219006aa35b
|
Palermo
|
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian churches across the island were all completely destroyed.[page needed] Palermo (Balarm during Arab rule) displaced Syracuse as the capital city of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with Córdoba and Cairo in terms of importance and splendor. For more than one hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing emirate. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops which remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.
|
How long did Muslim control of Palermo last?
|
How long did Muslim control of Palermo last?
|
[
"How long did Muslim control of Palermo last?"
] |
{
"text": [
"120 years"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105024
|
57296106af94a219006aa35c
|
Palermo
|
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian churches across the island were all completely destroyed.[page needed] Palermo (Balarm during Arab rule) displaced Syracuse as the capital city of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with Córdoba and Cairo in terms of importance and splendor. For more than one hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing emirate. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops which remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.
|
What did the Arabs introduce that continues to be relevant to Palermo's culture today?
|
What did the Arabs introduce that continues to be relevant to Palermo's culture today?
|
[
"What did the Arabs introduce that continues to be relevant to Palermo's culture today?"
] |
{
"text": [
"agricultural crops"
],
"answer_start": [
690
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105025
|
57296106af94a219006aa35d
|
Palermo
|
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian churches across the island were all completely destroyed.[page needed] Palermo (Balarm during Arab rule) displaced Syracuse as the capital city of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with Córdoba and Cairo in terms of importance and splendor. For more than one hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing emirate. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops which remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.
|
How were the indigenous Palermo population treated under Muslim rule?
|
How were the indigenous Palermo population treated under Muslim rule?
|
[
"How were the indigenous Palermo population treated under Muslim rule?"
] |
{
"text": [
"reduced into near slavery"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105026
|
5a3e9ef95a76c5001a3a83ae
|
Palermo
|
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian churches across the island were all completely destroyed.[page needed] Palermo (Balarm during Arab rule) displaced Syracuse as the capital city of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with Córdoba and Cairo in terms of importance and splendor. For more than one hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing emirate. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops which remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.
|
Who took control of the island in the 9th century?
|
Who took control of the island in the 9th century?
|
[
"Who took control of the island in the 9th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105027
|
5a3e9ef95a76c5001a3a83af
|
Palermo
|
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian churches across the island were all completely destroyed.[page needed] Palermo (Balarm during Arab rule) displaced Syracuse as the capital city of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with Córdoba and Cairo in terms of importance and splendor. For more than one hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing emirate. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops which remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.
|
What Emerite did the Muslims establish in the 9th century?
|
What Emerite did the Muslims establish in the 9th century?
|
[
"What Emerite did the Muslims establish in the 9th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105028
|
5a3e9ef95a76c5001a3a83b0
|
Palermo
|
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian churches across the island were all completely destroyed.[page needed] Palermo (Balarm during Arab rule) displaced Syracuse as the capital city of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with Córdoba and Cairo in terms of importance and splendor. For more than one hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing emirate. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops which remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.
|
What city displaced Palermo as the capital during Arab rule?
|
What city displaced Palermo as the capital during Arab rule?
|
[
"What city displaced Palermo as the capital during Arab rule?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105029
|
5a3e9ef95a76c5001a3a83b1
|
Palermo
|
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian churches across the island were all completely destroyed.[page needed] Palermo (Balarm during Arab rule) displaced Syracuse as the capital city of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with Córdoba and Cairo in terms of importance and splendor. For more than one hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing emirate. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops which remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.
|
What cities did Syracuse compete with in terms of importance and splendor?
|
What cities did Syracuse compete with in terms of importance and splendor?
|
[
"What cities did Syracuse compete with in terms of importance and splendor?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105030
|
5a3e9ef95a76c5001a3a83b2
|
Palermo
|
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian churches across the island were all completely destroyed.[page needed] Palermo (Balarm during Arab rule) displaced Syracuse as the capital city of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with Córdoba and Cairo in terms of importance and splendor. For more than one hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing emirate. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops which remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.
|
What did Sicilians introduce to the Arabs?
|
What did Sicilians introduce to the Arabs?
|
[
"What did Sicilians introduce to the Arabs?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105031
|
572961c26aef051400154dca
|
Palermo
|
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.
|
Who is considered a hero by natives for ending Muslim control of Palermo?
|
Who is considered a hero by natives for ending Muslim control of Palermo?
|
[
"Who is considered a hero by natives for ending Muslim control of Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Robert Guiscard"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105032
|
572961c26aef051400154dcb
|
Palermo
|
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.
|
What was the family name who returned Palermo to Christianity after reconquest in 1072?
|
What was the family name who returned Palermo to Christianity after reconquest in 1072?
|
[
"What was the family name who returned Palermo to Christianity after reconquest in 1072?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Hautevilles"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105033
|
572961c26aef051400154dcc
|
Palermo
|
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.
|
Where was the Kings Court held in the Kingdom of Sicily?
|
Where was the Kings Court held in the Kingdom of Sicily?
|
[
"Where was the Kings Court held in the Kingdom of Sicily?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Palazzo dei Normanni"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105034
|
572961c26aef051400154dcd
|
Palermo
|
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.
|
How did the Kingdom of Sicily compare monetarily with the other European staes?
|
How did the Kingdom of Sicily compare monetarily with the other European staes?
|
[
"How did the Kingdom of Sicily compare monetarily with the other European staes?"
] |
{
"text": [
"one of the wealthiest states in Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105035
|
5a3e9fbf5a76c5001a3a83c2
|
Palermo
|
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.
|
What reconquest occured in the 10th century?
|
What reconquest occured in the 10th century?
|
[
"What reconquest occured in the 10th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105036
|
5a3e9fbf5a76c5001a3a83c3
|
Palermo
|
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.
|
What Arab family fought in the reconquest?
|
What Arab family fought in the reconquest?
|
[
"What Arab family fought in the reconquest?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105037
|
5a3e9fbf5a76c5001a3a83c4
|
Palermo
|
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.
|
Under who's rule was the kingdom of Sicily turned into the county of Sicily?
|
Under who's rule was the kingdom of Sicily turned into the county of Sicily?
|
[
"Under who's rule was the kingdom of Sicily turned into the county of Sicily?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105038
|
5a3e9fbf5a76c5001a3a83c5
|
Palermo
|
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.
|
What Catherdral was built prior to the reconquest?
|
What Catherdral was built prior to the reconquest?
|
[
"What Catherdral was built prior to the reconquest?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105039
|
572962d53f37b319004782ff
|
Palermo
|
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.
|
What year did Sicily become ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?
|
What year did Sicily become ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?
|
[
"What year did Sicily become ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1194"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105040
|
572962d53f37b31900478300
|
Palermo
|
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.
|
What happened to Muslims during Holy Roman rule?
|
What happened to Muslims during Holy Roman rule?
|
[
"What happened to Muslims during Holy Roman rule?"
] |
{
"text": [
"emigrated or were expelled"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105041
|
572962d53f37b31900478301
|
Palermo
|
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.
|
What was Palermos population in 1330?
|
What was Palermos population in 1330?
|
[
"What was Palermos population in 1330?"
] |
{
"text": [
"51,000"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105042
|
572962d53f37b31900478302
|
Palermo
|
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.
|
During what years did Austria rule Palermo?
|
During what years did Austria rule Palermo?
|
[
"During what years did Austria rule Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1720 and 1734"
],
"answer_start": [
605
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105043
|
5a3ea0cb5a76c5001a3a83d4
|
Palermo
|
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.
|
Who controlled Sicily in the 11th century?
|
Who controlled Sicily in the 11th century?
|
[
"Who controlled Sicily in the 11th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105044
|
5a3ea0cb5a76c5001a3a83d5
|
Palermo
|
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.
|
Who immigrated to Palermo during the rule of the Holy Roman Empire?
|
Who immigrated to Palermo during the rule of the Holy Roman Empire?
|
[
"Who immigrated to Palermo during the rule of the Holy Roman Empire?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105045
|
5a3ea0cb5a76c5001a3a83d6
|
Palermo
|
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.
|
Who ruled Palermo in the 12th century?
|
Who ruled Palermo in the 12th century?
|
[
"Who ruled Palermo in the 12th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105046
|
5a3ea0cb5a76c5001a3a83d7
|
Palermo
|
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.
|
What happened to Palermo's population in the 13th century?
|
What happened to Palermo's population in the 13th century?
|
[
"What happened to Palermo's population in the 13th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105047
|
5a3ea0cb5a76c5001a3a83d8
|
Palermo
|
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.
|
What treaty put Palermo under Austrian rule in the 17th century?
|
What treaty put Palermo under Austrian rule in the 17th century?
|
[
"What treaty put Palermo under Austrian rule in the 17th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105048
|
572963fb3f37b31900478317
|
Palermo
|
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
|
After what treaty did Savoia gain control of Italy?
|
After what treaty did Savoia gain control of Italy?
|
[
"After what treaty did Savoia gain control of Italy?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Treaty of Utrecht (1713)"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105049
|
572963fb3f37b31900478318
|
Palermo
|
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
|
For what event did Charles III choose Sicily as the location?
|
For what event did Charles III choose Sicily as the location?
|
[
"For what event did Charles III choose Sicily as the location?"
] |
{
"text": [
"his coronation"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105050
|
572963fb3f37b31900478319
|
Palermo
|
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
|
Where did the Royal Court reside?
|
Where did the Royal Court reside?
|
[
"Where did the Royal Court reside?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Naples"
],
"answer_start": [
690
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105051
|
572963fb3f37b3190047831a
|
Palermo
|
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
|
Where did the capital city move in 1817?
|
Where did the capital city move in 1817?
|
[
"Where did the capital city move in 1817?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Naples"
],
"answer_start": [
690
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105052
|
572963fb3f37b3190047831b
|
Palermo
|
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
|
Whose son died on the way to Palermo and is buried there?
|
Whose son died on the way to Palermo and is buried there?
|
[
"Whose son died on the way to Palermo and is buried there?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Charles III"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105053
|
5a3ea1ec5a76c5001a3a83de
|
Palermo
|
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
|
What treaty caused the Savoy to loose Sicily?
|
What treaty caused the Savoy to loose Sicily?
|
[
"What treaty caused the Savoy to loose Sicily?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105054
|
5a3ea1ec5a76c5001a3a83df
|
Palermo
|
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
|
Where was Charles the II crowned King of Sicily?
|
Where was Charles the II crowned King of Sicily?
|
[
"Where was Charles the II crowned King of Sicily?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105055
|
5a3ea1ec5a76c5001a3a83e0
|
Palermo
|
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
|
What court resided in Palermo?
|
What court resided in Palermo?
|
[
"What court resided in Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105056
|
5a3ea1ec5a76c5001a3a83e1
|
Palermo
|
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
|
Who took refuge in Palermo in the 17th century?
|
Who took refuge in Palermo in the 17th century?
|
[
"Who took refuge in Palermo in the 17th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105057
|
5a3ea1ec5a76c5001a3a83e2
|
Palermo
|
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
|
What became the capital of the Two Sicilies after Naples?
|
What became the capital of the Two Sicilies after Naples?
|
[
"What became the capital of the Two Sicilies after Naples?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105058
|
5729651f6aef051400154df8
|
Palermo
|
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained under their rule until the time of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The famous general entered Palermo with his troops (the “Thousands”) on 27 May 1860. After the plebiscite later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Kingdom of Italy (1861).
|
Who led the first insurrection in Europe in 1848?
|
Who led the first insurrection in Europe in 1848?
|
[
"Who led the first insurrection in Europe in 1848?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Giuseppe La Masa"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105059
|
5729651f6aef051400154df9
|
Palermo
|
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained under their rule until the time of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The famous general entered Palermo with his troops (the “Thousands”) on 27 May 1860. After the plebiscite later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Kingdom of Italy (1861).
|
Who was the first president of Palermo?
|
Who was the first president of Palermo?
|
[
"Who was the first president of Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Ruggero Settimo"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105060
|
5729651f6aef051400154dfa
|
Palermo
|
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained under their rule until the time of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The famous general entered Palermo with his troops (the “Thousands”) on 27 May 1860. After the plebiscite later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Kingdom of Italy (1861).
|
Who regained control of Palermo in 1849?
|
Who regained control of Palermo in 1849?
|
[
"Who regained control of Palermo in 1849?"
] |
{
"text": [
"The Bourbons"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105061
|
5729651f6aef051400154dfb
|
Palermo
|
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained under their rule until the time of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The famous general entered Palermo with his troops (the “Thousands”) on 27 May 1860. After the plebiscite later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Kingdom of Italy (1861).
|
Sicily and Palermo became part of what Kingdom in 1861?
|
Sicily and Palermo became part of what Kingdom in 1861?
|
[
"Sicily and Palermo became part of what Kingdom in 1861?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Kingdom of Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105062
|
5a3ea2aa5a76c5001a3a83e8
|
Palermo
|
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained under their rule until the time of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The famous general entered Palermo with his troops (the “Thousands”) on 27 May 1860. After the plebiscite later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Kingdom of Italy (1861).
|
Who led an insurrection in the 18th century?
|
Who led an insurrection in the 18th century?
|
[
"Who led an insurrection in the 18th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105063
|
5a3ea2aa5a76c5001a3a83e9
|
Palermo
|
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained under their rule until the time of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The famous general entered Palermo with his troops (the “Thousands”) on 27 May 1860. After the plebiscite later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Kingdom of Italy (1861).
|
Who was the first president of Palermo?
|
Who was the first president of Palermo?
|
[
"Who was the first president of Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105064
|
5a3ea2aa5a76c5001a3a83ea
|
Palermo
|
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained under their rule until the time of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The famous general entered Palermo with his troops (the “Thousands”) on 27 May 1860. After the plebiscite later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Kingdom of Italy (1861).
|
Who reconqured Palermo in the 18th century?
|
Who reconqured Palermo in the 18th century?
|
[
"Who reconqured Palermo in the 18th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105065
|
5a3ea2aa5a76c5001a3a83eb
|
Palermo
|
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained under their rule until the time of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The famous general entered Palermo with his troops (the “Thousands”) on 27 May 1860. After the plebiscite later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Kingdom of Italy (1861).
|
What general lead the Bourbons?
|
What general lead the Bourbons?
|
[
"What general lead the Bourbons?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105066
|
5729667c3f37b3190047833b
|
Palermo
|
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897.
|
Who was blamed for the week long rebellion of 1866?
|
Who was blamed for the week long rebellion of 1866?
|
[
"Who was blamed for the week long rebellion of 1866?"
] |
{
"text": [
"anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105067
|
5729667c3f37b3190047833c
|
Palermo
|
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897.
|
Which families help to start cultural, industrial, and economic growth in Palermo?
|
Which families help to start cultural, industrial, and economic growth in Palermo?
|
[
"Which families help to start cultural, industrial, and economic growth in Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105068
|
5729667c3f37b3190047833d
|
Palermo
|
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897.
|
In what style were the villas in the new expanded Palermo?
|
In what style were the villas in the new expanded Palermo?
|
[
"In what style were the villas in the new expanded Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Art Nouveau"
],
"answer_start": [
793
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105069
|
5729667c3f37b3190047833e
|
Palermo
|
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897.
|
Which theatre was designed by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile ans opened in 1897?
|
Which theatre was designed by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile ans opened in 1897?
|
[
"Which theatre was designed by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile ans opened in 1897?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Teatro Massimo"
],
"answer_start": [
1013
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105070
|
5a3ea39b5a76c5001a3a83f0
|
Palermo
|
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897.
|
Who prefered the Savoia kingdom to independence?
|
Who prefered the Savoia kingdom to independence?
|
[
"Who prefered the Savoia kingdom to independence?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105071
|
5a3ea39b5a76c5001a3a83f1
|
Palermo
|
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897.
|
What was the seat of a rebellion in the 18th century?
|
What was the seat of a rebellion in the 18th century?
|
[
"What was the seat of a rebellion in the 18th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105072
|
5a3ea39b5a76c5001a3a83f2
|
Palermo
|
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897.
|
What crushed the 18th century rebellion in Palermo?
|
What crushed the 18th century rebellion in Palermo?
|
[
"What crushed the 18th century rebellion in Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105073
|
5a3ea39b5a76c5001a3a83f3
|
Palermo
|
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897.
|
What government enacted pro-sicilian policies?
|
What government enacted pro-sicilian policies?
|
[
"What government enacted pro-sicilian policies?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105074
|
5a3ea39b5a76c5001a3a83f4
|
Palermo
|
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897.
|
Where did Palermo expand to in the early 2000's?
|
Where did Palermo expand to in the early 2000's?
|
[
"Where did Palermo expand to in the early 2000's?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105075
|
572967351d046914007793ab
|
Palermo
|
The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city.
|
To what does the term "Sack of Palermo" refer?
|
To what does the term "Sack of Palermo" refer?
|
[
"To what does the term \"Sack of Palermo\" refer?"
] |
{
"text": [
"speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105076
|
572967351d046914007793ac
|
Palermo
|
The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city.
|
Why did Palermo substancially grow in size?
|
Why did Palermo substancially grow in size?
|
[
"Why did Palermo substancially grow in size?"
] |
{
"text": [
"reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105077
|
572967351d046914007793ad
|
Palermo
|
The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city.
|
What did Palermo expansion lack?
|
What did Palermo expansion lack?
|
[
"What did Palermo expansion lack?"
] |
{
"text": [
"t parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105078
|
5a3ea4655a76c5001a3a8404
|
Palermo
|
The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city.
|
What is the term for the building boom erected many fine buildings?
|
What is the term for the building boom erected many fine buildings?
|
[
"What is the term for the building boom erected many fine buildings?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105079
|
5a3ea4655a76c5001a3a8405
|
Palermo
|
The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city.
|
What has led to migration away from the cities?
|
What has led to migration away from the cities?
|
[
"What has led to migration away from the cities?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105080
|
5a3ea4655a76c5001a3a8406
|
Palermo
|
The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city.
|
What caused Palermo to expand to the south?
|
What caused Palermo to expand to the south?
|
[
"What caused Palermo to expand to the south?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105081
|
5a3ea4655a76c5001a3a8407
|
Palermo
|
The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city.
|
What was carefully followed during the boom?
|
What was carefully followed during the boom?
|
[
"What was carefully followed during the boom?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105082
|
5729684b6aef051400154e32
|
Palermo
|
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).
|
What is Palermo's climate classification?
|
What is Palermo's climate classification?
|
[
"What is Palermo's climate classification?"
] |
{
"text": [
"hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa)."
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105083
|
5729684b6aef051400154e33
|
Palermo
|
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).
|
How do Palermo's temperatures compare to the rest of Europe?
|
How do Palermo's temperatures compare to the rest of Europe?
|
[
"How do Palermo's temperatures compare to the rest of Europe?"
] |
{
"text": [
"one of the warmest cities in Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105084
|
5729684b6aef051400154e34
|
Palermo
|
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).
|
How many did snow fall in Palermo between 1940and the 2000s?
|
How many did snow fall in Palermo between 1940and the 2000s?
|
[
"How many did snow fall in Palermo between 1940and the 2000s?"
] |
{
"text": [
"eleven"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105085
|
5729684b6aef051400154e35
|
Palermo
|
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).
|
How much sun does Palermo see each year?
|
How much sun does Palermo see each year?
|
[
"How much sun does Palermo see each year?"
] |
{
"text": [
"2,530 hours"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105086
|
5a3ea5655a76c5001a3a840c
|
Palermo
|
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).
|
What city has a moderate Mediterranean climate with very cold winters?
|
What city has a moderate Mediterranean climate with very cold winters?
|
[
"What city has a moderate Mediterranean climate with very cold winters?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105087
|
5a3ea5655a76c5001a3a840d
|
Palermo
|
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).
|
What is one of the warmest cities in the world?
|
What is one of the warmest cities in the world?
|
[
"What is one of the warmest cities in the world?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105088
|
5a3ea5655a76c5001a3a840e
|
Palermo
|
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).
|
What weather never occurs in Palermo?
|
What weather never occurs in Palermo?
|
[
"What weather never occurs in Palermo?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105089
|
5a3ea5655a76c5001a3a840f
|
Palermo
|
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).
|
What is too far away to protect the island from the heat?
|
What is too far away to protect the island from the heat?
|
[
"What is too far away to protect the island from the heat?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105090
|
5729690daf94a219006aa3b7
|
Palermo
|
Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city was on Via Roma and the ancient port in the vicinity of Piazza Marina. The wall circuit was approximately Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porto Nuovo.
|
Where does the first of Palermo's circuits suround?
|
Where does the first of Palermo's circuits suround?
|
[
"Where does the first of Palermo's circuits suround?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105091
|
5729690daf94a219006aa3b8
|
Palermo
|
Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city was on Via Roma and the ancient port in the vicinity of Piazza Marina. The wall circuit was approximately Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porto Nuovo.
|
What was the name of the primary east-west road within the walls of Palaeopolis?
|
What was the name of the primary east-west road within the walls of Palaeopolis?
|
[
"What was the name of the primary east-west road within the walls of Palaeopolis?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Via Vittorio Emanuele"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105092
|
5729690daf94a219006aa3b9
|
Palermo
|
Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city was on Via Roma and the ancient port in the vicinity of Piazza Marina. The wall circuit was approximately Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porto Nuovo.
|
On what road was the eastern edge of the walled city?
|
On what road was the eastern edge of the walled city?
|
[
"On what road was the eastern edge of the walled city?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Via Roma"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105093
|
5a3ea6425a76c5001a3a8414
|
Palermo
|
Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city was on Via Roma and the ancient port in the vicinity of Piazza Marina. The wall circuit was approximately Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porto Nuovo.
|
What surrounds Palermo in a single circut?
|
What surrounds Palermo in a single circut?
|
[
"What surrounds Palermo in a single circut?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105094
|
5a3ea6425a76c5001a3a8415
|
Palermo
|
Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city was on Via Roma and the ancient port in the vicinity of Piazza Marina. The wall circuit was approximately Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porto Nuovo.
|
On what road was the western edge of the walled city?
|
On what road was the western edge of the walled city?
|
[
"On what road was the western edge of the walled city?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105095
|
5a3ea6425a76c5001a3a8416
|
Palermo
|
Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city was on Via Roma and the ancient port in the vicinity of Piazza Marina. The wall circuit was approximately Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porto Nuovo.
|
What was the name of the secondary east-west road within the walls of Palaepolis?
|
What was the name of the secondary east-west road within the walls of Palaepolis?
|
[
"What was the name of the secondary east-west road within the walls of Palaepolis?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105096
|
572969a16aef051400154e3a
|
Palermo
|
In the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the walled city. West gate was still Porta Nuova, the circuit continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the line of Via Cavour. At this north-east corner there was a defence, Castello a Mare, to protect the port at La Cala. A huge chain was used to block La Cala with the other end at S Maria della Catena (St Mary of the Chain). The sea-side wall was along the western side of Foro Italico Umberto. The wall turns west along the northern side of Via Abramo Lincoln, continues along Corso Tukory. The wall turns north approximately on Via Benedetto, to Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porta Nuova. Source: Palermo - City Guide by Adriana Chirco, 1998, Dario Flaccovio Editore.
|
What was the purpose of Castello a Mare?
|
What was the purpose of Castello a Mare?
|
[
"What was the purpose of Castello a Mare?"
] |
{
"text": [
"to protect the port at La Cala"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105097
|
572969a16aef051400154e3b
|
Palermo
|
In the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the walled city. West gate was still Porta Nuova, the circuit continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the line of Via Cavour. At this north-east corner there was a defence, Castello a Mare, to protect the port at La Cala. A huge chain was used to block La Cala with the other end at S Maria della Catena (St Mary of the Chain). The sea-side wall was along the western side of Foro Italico Umberto. The wall turns west along the northern side of Via Abramo Lincoln, continues along Corso Tukory. The wall turns north approximately on Via Benedetto, to Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porta Nuova. Source: Palermo - City Guide by Adriana Chirco, 1998, Dario Flaccovio Editore.
|
What was used to block passage through the La Cala port?
|
What was used to block passage through the La Cala port?
|
[
"What was used to block passage through the La Cala port?"
] |
{
"text": [
"A huge chain"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105098
|
572969a16aef051400154e3c
|
Palermo
|
In the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the walled city. West gate was still Porta Nuova, the circuit continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the line of Via Cavour. At this north-east corner there was a defence, Castello a Mare, to protect the port at La Cala. A huge chain was used to block La Cala with the other end at S Maria della Catena (St Mary of the Chain). The sea-side wall was along the western side of Foro Italico Umberto. The wall turns west along the northern side of Via Abramo Lincoln, continues along Corso Tukory. The wall turns north approximately on Via Benedetto, to Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porta Nuova. Source: Palermo - City Guide by Adriana Chirco, 1998, Dario Flaccovio Editore.
|
During which historical period was the wall circuit expanded?
|
During which historical period was the wall circuit expanded?
|
[
"During which historical period was the wall circuit expanded?"
] |
{
"text": [
"medieval"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105099
|
5a3eab1f5a76c5001a3a842e
|
Palermo
|
In the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the walled city. West gate was still Porta Nuova, the circuit continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the line of Via Cavour. At this north-east corner there was a defence, Castello a Mare, to protect the port at La Cala. A huge chain was used to block La Cala with the other end at S Maria della Catena (St Mary of the Chain). The sea-side wall was along the western side of Foro Italico Umberto. The wall turns west along the northern side of Via Abramo Lincoln, continues along Corso Tukory. The wall turns north approximately on Via Benedetto, to Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porta Nuova. Source: Palermo - City Guide by Adriana Chirco, 1998, Dario Flaccovio Editore.
|
What was reduced in the medieval period?
|
What was reduced in the medieval period?
|
[
"What was reduced in the medieval period?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
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