gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-105400 | 57282fda2ca10214002da020 | History_of_science | Historical linguistics emerged as an independent field of study at the end of the 18th century. Sir William Jones proposed that Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, Latin, Gothic, and Celtic languages all shared a common base. After Jones, an effort to catalog all languages of the world was made throughout the 19th century and in... | What did Sir William Jones do to document his work? | What did Sir William Jones do to document his work? | [
"What did Sir William Jones do to document his work?"
] | {
"text": [
"catalog all languages of the world"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105401 | 57282fda2ca10214002da021 | History_of_science | Historical linguistics emerged as an independent field of study at the end of the 18th century. Sir William Jones proposed that Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, Latin, Gothic, and Celtic languages all shared a common base. After Jones, an effort to catalog all languages of the world was made throughout the 19th century and in... | What did Noam Chomsky add to the study of linguistics? | What did Noam Chomsky add to the study of linguistics? | [
"What did Noam Chomsky add to the study of linguistics?"
] | {
"text": [
"the development of generative linguistics"
],
"answer_start": [
702
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105402 | 57282fda2ca10214002da022 | History_of_science | Historical linguistics emerged as an independent field of study at the end of the 18th century. Sir William Jones proposed that Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, Latin, Gothic, and Celtic languages all shared a common base. After Jones, an effort to catalog all languages of the world was made throughout the 19th century and in... | What method did Chomsky use to develop generative linguistics? | What method did Chomsky use to develop generative linguistics? | [
"What method did Chomsky use to develop generative linguistics?"
] | {
"text": [
"a mathematical model of language"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105403 | 572830584b864d19001646b4 | History_of_science | The basis for classical economics forms Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. Smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour. He postulated an "invisible hand" that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided onl... | Who wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations? | Who wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations? | [
"Who wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adam Smith"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105404 | 572830584b864d19001646b5 | History_of_science | The basis for classical economics forms Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. Smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour. He postulated an "invisible hand" that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided onl... | What did Adam Smith's work cover? | What did Adam Smith's work cover? | [
"What did Adam Smith's work cover?"
] | {
"text": [
"The basis for classical economics"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105405 | 572830584b864d19001646b6 | History_of_science | The basis for classical economics forms Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. Smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour. He postulated an "invisible hand" that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided onl... | What idea did Adam Smith disagree with? | What idea did Adam Smith disagree with? | [
"What idea did Adam Smith disagree with?"
] | {
"text": [
"mercantilism"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105406 | 572830584b864d19001646b7 | History_of_science | The basis for classical economics forms Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. Smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour. He postulated an "invisible hand" that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided onl... | What idea did Adam Smith propose? | What idea did Adam Smith propose? | [
"What idea did Adam Smith propose?"
] | {
"text": [
"an \"invisible hand\""
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105407 | 572830584b864d19001646b8 | History_of_science | The basis for classical economics forms Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. Smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour. He postulated an "invisible hand" that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided onl... | Who is Marxian economics named after? | Who is Marxian economics named after? | [
"Who is Marxian economics named after?"
] | {
"text": [
"Karl Marx"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105408 | 572830f74b864d19001646cc | History_of_science | In the 1920s, John Maynard Keynes prompted a division between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Under Keynesian economics macroeconomic trends can overwhelm economic choices made by individuals. Governments should promote aggregate demand for goods as a means to encourage economic expansion. Following World War II, Mi... | What did John Maynard Keynes want to separate? | What did John Maynard Keynes want to separate? | [
"What did John Maynard Keynes want to separate?"
] | {
"text": [
"microeconomics and macroeconomics"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105409 | 572830f74b864d19001646cd | History_of_science | In the 1920s, John Maynard Keynes prompted a division between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Under Keynesian economics macroeconomic trends can overwhelm economic choices made by individuals. Governments should promote aggregate demand for goods as a means to encourage economic expansion. Following World War II, Mi... | What concept did Milton Friedman propose after World War II? | What concept did Milton Friedman propose after World War II? | [
"What concept did Milton Friedman propose after World War II?"
] | {
"text": [
"monetarism"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105410 | 572830f74b864d19001646ce | History_of_science | In the 1920s, John Maynard Keynes prompted a division between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Under Keynesian economics macroeconomic trends can overwhelm economic choices made by individuals. Governments should promote aggregate demand for goods as a means to encourage economic expansion. Following World War II, Mi... | How did monaterism aim to control the economy? | How did monaterism aim to control the economy? | [
"How did monaterism aim to control the economy?"
] | {
"text": [
"using the supply and demand of money"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105411 | 572830f74b864d19001646cf | History_of_science | In the 1920s, John Maynard Keynes prompted a division between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Under Keynesian economics macroeconomic trends can overwhelm economic choices made by individuals. Governments should promote aggregate demand for goods as a means to encourage economic expansion. Following World War II, Mi... | In the 1970s, what did monaterism turn into? | In the 1970s, what did monaterism turn into? | [
"In the 1970s, what did monaterism turn into?"
] | {
"text": [
"supply-side economics"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105412 | 572830f74b864d19001646d0 | History_of_science | In the 1920s, John Maynard Keynes prompted a division between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Under Keynesian economics macroeconomic trends can overwhelm economic choices made by individuals. Governments should promote aggregate demand for goods as a means to encourage economic expansion. Following World War II, Mi... | How did supply-side economics try to increase the amount of money in the market? | How did supply-side economics try to increase the amount of money in the market? | [
"How did supply-side economics try to increase the amount of money in the market?"
] | {
"text": [
"reducing taxes"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105413 | 57283167ff5b5019007d9ec6 | History_of_science | The above "history of economics" reflects modern economic textbooks and this means that the last stage of a science is represented as the culmination of its history (Kuhn, 1962). The "invisible hand" mentioned in a lost page in the middle of a chapter in the middle of the to "Wealth of Nations", 1776, advances as Smith... | When was Wealth of Nations written? | When was Wealth of Nations written? | [
"When was Wealth of Nations written?"
] | {
"text": [
"1776"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105414 | 57283167ff5b5019007d9ec7 | History_of_science | The above "history of economics" reflects modern economic textbooks and this means that the last stage of a science is represented as the culmination of its history (Kuhn, 1962). The "invisible hand" mentioned in a lost page in the middle of a chapter in the middle of the to "Wealth of Nations", 1776, advances as Smith... | How present was Smith's invisible hand intended to be? | How present was Smith's invisible hand intended to be? | [
"How present was Smith's invisible hand intended to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"frequently"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105415 | 57283167ff5b5019007d9ec8 | History_of_science | The above "history of economics" reflects modern economic textbooks and this means that the last stage of a science is represented as the culmination of its history (Kuhn, 1962). The "invisible hand" mentioned in a lost page in the middle of a chapter in the middle of the to "Wealth of Nations", 1776, advances as Smith... | What happens in a market when there is competition? | What happens in a market when there is competition? | [
"What happens in a market when there is competition?"
] | {
"text": [
"lower prices"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105416 | 57283167ff5b5019007d9ec9 | History_of_science | The above "history of economics" reflects modern economic textbooks and this means that the last stage of a science is represented as the culmination of its history (Kuhn, 1962). The "invisible hand" mentioned in a lost page in the middle of a chapter in the middle of the to "Wealth of Nations", 1776, advances as Smith... | What is the most important part of "Wealth"? | What is the most important part of "Wealth"? | [
"What is the most important part of \"Wealth\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"the division of labour"
],
"answer_start": [
871
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105417 | 572831f64b864d19001646e6 | History_of_science | The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study. In that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research (in Leipzig). Other important early co... | What was the beginning of psychology classified as? | What was the beginning of psychology classified as? | [
"What was the beginning of psychology classified as?"
] | {
"text": [
"a scientific enterprise"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105418 | 572831f64b864d19001646e7 | History_of_science | The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study. In that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research (in Leipzig). Other important early co... | What year is most commonly referred to as the beginning of psychology? | What year is most commonly referred to as the beginning of psychology? | [
"What year is most commonly referred to as the beginning of psychology?"
] | {
"text": [
"1879"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105419 | 572831f64b864d19001646e8 | History_of_science | The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study. In that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research (in Leipzig). Other important early co... | Who has the first lab completely dedicated to psychology? | Who has the first lab completely dedicated to psychology? | [
"Who has the first lab completely dedicated to psychology?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wilhelm Wundt"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105420 | 572831f64b864d19001646e9 | History_of_science | The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study. In that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research (in Leipzig). Other important early co... | What did Hermann Ebbinghaus study? | What did Hermann Ebbinghaus study? | [
"What did Hermann Ebbinghaus study?"
] | {
"text": [
"memory studies"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105421 | 572831f64b864d19001646ea | History_of_science | The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study. In that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research (in Leipzig). Other important early co... | What was Ivan Pavlov known for? | What was Ivan Pavlov known for? | [
"What was Ivan Pavlov known for?"
] | {
"text": [
"classical conditioning"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105422 | 5728327a2ca10214002da066 | History_of_science | The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science. Cognitive science again considers the mind as a subject for investigation, using the tools of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neu... | What is the group that human psychology belongs to? | What is the group that human psychology belongs to? | [
"What is the group that human psychology belongs to?"
] | {
"text": [
"cognitive science"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105423 | 5728327a2ca10214002da067 | History_of_science | The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science. Cognitive science again considers the mind as a subject for investigation, using the tools of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neu... | What is investigated in cognitive science? | What is investigated in cognitive science? | [
"What is investigated in cognitive science?"
] | {
"text": [
"the mind"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105424 | 5728327a2ca10214002da068 | History_of_science | The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science. Cognitive science again considers the mind as a subject for investigation, using the tools of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neu... | What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science? | What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science? | [
"What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science?"
] | {
"text": [
"PET scans and CAT scans"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105425 | 5728327a2ca10214002da069 | History_of_science | The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science. Cognitive science again considers the mind as a subject for investigation, using the tools of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neu... | What new technology could be created as a result of studying cognitive science? | What new technology could be created as a result of studying cognitive science? | [
"What new technology could be created as a result of studying cognitive science?"
] | {
"text": [
"artificial intelligence"
],
"answer_start": [
736
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105426 | 572832faff5b5019007d9ee6 | History_of_science | Ibn Khaldun can be regarded as the earliest scientific systematic sociologist. The modern sociology, emerged in the early 19th century as the academic response to the modernization of the world. Among many early sociologists (e.g., Émile Durkheim), the aim of sociology was in structuralism, understanding the cohesion o... | What was Ibn Khaldun's profession? | What was Ibn Khaldun's profession? | [
"What was Ibn Khaldun's profession?"
] | {
"text": [
"scientific systematic sociologist"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105427 | 572832faff5b5019007d9ee7 | History_of_science | Ibn Khaldun can be regarded as the earliest scientific systematic sociologist. The modern sociology, emerged in the early 19th century as the academic response to the modernization of the world. Among many early sociologists (e.g., Émile Durkheim), the aim of sociology was in structuralism, understanding the cohesion o... | When did modern sociology surface? | When did modern sociology surface? | [
"When did modern sociology surface?"
] | {
"text": [
"early 19th century"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105428 | 572832faff5b5019007d9ee8 | History_of_science | Ibn Khaldun can be regarded as the earliest scientific systematic sociologist. The modern sociology, emerged in the early 19th century as the academic response to the modernization of the world. Among many early sociologists (e.g., Émile Durkheim), the aim of sociology was in structuralism, understanding the cohesion o... | What is the main goal of sociology? | What is the main goal of sociology? | [
"What is the main goal of sociology?"
] | {
"text": [
"understanding the cohesion of social groups"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105429 | 572832faff5b5019007d9ee9 | History_of_science | Ibn Khaldun can be regarded as the earliest scientific systematic sociologist. The modern sociology, emerged in the early 19th century as the academic response to the modernization of the world. Among many early sociologists (e.g., Émile Durkheim), the aim of sociology was in structuralism, understanding the cohesion o... | How did Max Weber view rationalization? | How did Max Weber view rationalization? | [
"How did Max Weber view rationalization?"
] | {
"text": [
"he believed would trap individuals in an \"iron cage\""
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105430 | 5728339a2ca10214002da096 | History_of_science | American sociology in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated largely by Talcott Parsons, who argued that aspects of society that promoted structural integration were therefore "functional". This structural functionalism approach was questioned in the 1960s, when sociologists came to see this approach as merely a justificati... | Who was the major proponent of American sociology? | Who was the major proponent of American sociology? | [
"Who was the major proponent of American sociology?"
] | {
"text": [
"Talcott Parsons"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105431 | 5728339a2ca10214002da097 | History_of_science | American sociology in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated largely by Talcott Parsons, who argued that aspects of society that promoted structural integration were therefore "functional". This structural functionalism approach was questioned in the 1960s, when sociologists came to see this approach as merely a justificati... | What did Parsons believe made a functional society? | What did Parsons believe made a functional society? | [
"What did Parsons believe made a functional society?"
] | {
"text": [
"structural integration"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105432 | 5728339a2ca10214002da098 | History_of_science | American sociology in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated largely by Talcott Parsons, who argued that aspects of society that promoted structural integration were therefore "functional". This structural functionalism approach was questioned in the 1960s, when sociologists came to see this approach as merely a justificati... | What was the problem with the views of Parsons? | What was the problem with the views of Parsons? | [
"What was the problem with the views of Parsons?"
] | {
"text": [
"inequalities present in the status quo"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105433 | 5728339a2ca10214002da099 | History_of_science | American sociology in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated largely by Talcott Parsons, who argued that aspects of society that promoted structural integration were therefore "functional". This structural functionalism approach was questioned in the 1960s, when sociologists came to see this approach as merely a justificati... | What idea from Karl Marx was used to combat the problems with structural integration? | What idea from Karl Marx was used to combat the problems with structural integration? | [
"What idea from Karl Marx was used to combat the problems with structural integration?"
] | {
"text": [
"conflict theory"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105434 | 5728339a2ca10214002da09a | History_of_science | American sociology in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated largely by Talcott Parsons, who argued that aspects of society that promoted structural integration were therefore "functional". This structural functionalism approach was questioned in the 1960s, when sociologists came to see this approach as merely a justificati... | What is the main belief of conflict theory? | What is the main belief of conflict theory? | [
"What is the main belief of conflict theory?"
] | {
"text": [
"different groups compete for control over resources"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105435 | 57283431ff5b5019007d9ef8 | History_of_science | Computer science, built upon a foundation of theoretical linguistics, discrete mathematics, and electrical engineering, studies the nature and limits of computation. Subfields include computability, computational complexity, database design, computer networking, artificial intelligence, and the design of computer hardw... | What science is based on linguistics, mathematics, and engineering? | What science is based on linguistics, mathematics, and engineering? | [
"What science is based on linguistics, mathematics, and engineering?"
] | {
"text": [
"Computer science"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105436 | 57283431ff5b5019007d9ef9 | History_of_science | Computer science, built upon a foundation of theoretical linguistics, discrete mathematics, and electrical engineering, studies the nature and limits of computation. Subfields include computability, computational complexity, database design, computer networking, artificial intelligence, and the design of computer hardw... | How has computer science helped science as a whole? | How has computer science helped science as a whole? | [
"How has computer science helped science as a whole?"
] | {
"text": [
"by facilitating large-scale archiving of scientific data"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105437 | 57283431ff5b5019007d9efa | History_of_science | Computer science, built upon a foundation of theoretical linguistics, discrete mathematics, and electrical engineering, studies the nature and limits of computation. Subfields include computability, computational complexity, database design, computer networking, artificial intelligence, and the design of computer hardw... | What is the differing characteristic of contemporary computer science? | What is the differing characteristic of contemporary computer science? | [
"What is the differing characteristic of contemporary computer science?"
] | {
"text": [
"emphasising mathematical 'theory'"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105438 | 572834e03acd2414000df6ef | History_of_science | As an academic field, history of science began with the publication of William Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences (first published in 1837). A more formal study of the history of science as an independent discipline was launched by George Sarton's publications, Introduction to the History of Science (1927) and... | What text is the foundation of the study of the history of science? | What text is the foundation of the study of the history of science? | [
"What text is the foundation of the study of the history of science?"
] | {
"text": [
"History of the Inductive Sciences"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105439 | 572834e03acd2414000df6f0 | History_of_science | As an academic field, history of science began with the publication of William Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences (first published in 1837). A more formal study of the history of science as an independent discipline was launched by George Sarton's publications, Introduction to the History of Science (1927) and... | Who wrote a more professional version of History of the Inductive Sciences? | Who wrote a more professional version of History of the Inductive Sciences? | [
"Who wrote a more professional version of History of the Inductive Sciences?"
] | {
"text": [
"George Sarton's"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105440 | 572834e03acd2414000df6f1 | History_of_science | As an academic field, history of science began with the publication of William Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences (first published in 1837). A more formal study of the history of science as an independent discipline was launched by George Sarton's publications, Introduction to the History of Science (1927) and... | What was the history of science during the 20th century? | What was the history of science during the 20th century? | [
"What was the history of science during the 20th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"the history of great men and great ideas"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105441 | 572834e03acd2414000df6f2 | History_of_science | As an academic field, history of science began with the publication of William Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences (first published in 1837). A more formal study of the history of science as an independent discipline was launched by George Sarton's publications, Introduction to the History of Science (1927) and... | How could Sarton's ideas be described? | How could Sarton's ideas be described? | [
"How could Sarton's ideas be described?"
] | {
"text": [
"Whiggish"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105442 | 572834e03acd2414000df6f3 | History_of_science | As an academic field, history of science began with the publication of William Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences (first published in 1837). A more formal study of the history of science as an independent discipline was launched by George Sarton's publications, Introduction to the History of Science (1927) and... | Who studied the history of science? | Who studied the history of science? | [
"Who studied the history of science?"
] | {
"text": [
"interested scientists and physicians"
],
"answer_start": [
740
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105443 | 5728355f4b864d1900164728 | History_of_science | Much of the study of the history of science has been devoted to answering questions about what science is, how it functions, and whether it exhibits large-scale patterns and trends. The sociology of science in particular has focused on the ways in which scientists work, looking closely at the ways in which they "produc... | What is the large question that the history of science answers? | What is the large question that the history of science answers? | [
"What is the large question that the history of science answers?"
] | {
"text": [
"what science is"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105444 | 5728355f4b864d1900164729 | History_of_science | Much of the study of the history of science has been devoted to answering questions about what science is, how it functions, and whether it exhibits large-scale patterns and trends. The sociology of science in particular has focused on the ways in which scientists work, looking closely at the ways in which they "produc... | What did sociology in science explain? | What did sociology in science explain? | [
"What did sociology in science explain?"
] | {
"text": [
"the ways in which scientists work"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105445 | 5728355f4b864d190016472a | History_of_science | Much of the study of the history of science has been devoted to answering questions about what science is, how it functions, and whether it exhibits large-scale patterns and trends. The sociology of science in particular has focused on the ways in which scientists work, looking closely at the ways in which they "produc... | What was the most popular method in the 1960s regarding science studies? | What was the most popular method in the 1960s regarding science studies? | [
"What was the most popular method in the 1960s regarding science studies?"
] | {
"text": [
"to emphasize the \"human component\" of scientific knowledge"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105446 | 572835be2ca10214002da0d6 | History_of_science | Humboldtian science refers to the early 19th century approach of combining scientific field work with the age of Romanticism sensitivity, ethics and aesthetic ideals. It helped to install natural history as a separate field, gave base for ecology and was based on the role model of scientist, naturalist and explorer Ale... | What did Humboldtian science aim to do? | What did Humboldtian science aim to do? | [
"What did Humboldtian science aim to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"combining scientific field work with the age of Romanticism sensitivity, ethics and aesthetic ideals"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105447 | 572835be2ca10214002da0d7 | History_of_science | Humboldtian science refers to the early 19th century approach of combining scientific field work with the age of Romanticism sensitivity, ethics and aesthetic ideals. It helped to install natural history as a separate field, gave base for ecology and was based on the role model of scientist, naturalist and explorer Ale... | Who was the model for Humboldtian science? | Who was the model for Humboldtian science? | [
"Who was the model for Humboldtian science?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexander von Humboldt"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105448 | 572835be2ca10214002da0d8 | History_of_science | Humboldtian science refers to the early 19th century approach of combining scientific field work with the age of Romanticism sensitivity, ethics and aesthetic ideals. It helped to install natural history as a separate field, gave base for ecology and was based on the role model of scientist, naturalist and explorer Ale... | What idea did positivism provide? | What idea did positivism provide? | [
"What idea did positivism provide?"
] | {
"text": [
"the only valid knowledge is scientific"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105449 | 5728364e4b864d1900164748 | History_of_science | The mid 20th century saw a series of studies relying to the role of science in a social context, starting from Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. It opened the study of science to new disciplines by suggesting that the evolution of science was in part sociologically determined and that posit... | Where did the social aspect of science originate? | Where did the social aspect of science originate? | [
"Where did the social aspect of science originate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105450 | 5728364e4b864d1900164749 | History_of_science | The mid 20th century saw a series of studies relying to the role of science in a social context, starting from Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. It opened the study of science to new disciplines by suggesting that the evolution of science was in part sociologically determined and that posit... | What idea did social science add to science as a whole? | What idea did social science add to science as a whole? | [
"What idea did social science add to science as a whole?"
] | {
"text": [
"positivism did not explain the actual interactions and strategies of the human participants in science"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105451 | 5728364e4b864d190016474a | History_of_science | The mid 20th century saw a series of studies relying to the role of science in a social context, starting from Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. It opened the study of science to new disciplines by suggesting that the evolution of science was in part sociologically determined and that posit... | How did Kuhn view the history of science? | How did Kuhn view the history of science? | [
"How did Kuhn view the history of science?"
] | {
"text": [
"competing paradigms or conceptual systems"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105452 | 572837282ca10214002da0ec | History_of_science | Further studies, e.g. Jerome Ravetz 1971 Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems referred to the role of the scientific community, as a social construct, in accepting or rejecting (objective) scientific knowledge. The Science wars of the 1990 were about the influence of especially French philosophers, which denied... | What did Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems describe the scientific community as? | What did Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems describe the scientific community as? | [
"What did Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems describe the scientific community as?"
] | {
"text": [
"a social construct"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105453 | 572837282ca10214002da0ed | History_of_science | Further studies, e.g. Jerome Ravetz 1971 Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems referred to the role of the scientific community, as a social construct, in accepting or rejecting (objective) scientific knowledge. The Science wars of the 1990 were about the influence of especially French philosophers, which denied... | What was the era called when scientists were rejecting the notion of objectivity of science? | What was the era called when scientists were rejecting the notion of objectivity of science? | [
"What was the era called when scientists were rejecting the notion of objectivity of science?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Science wars"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105454 | 572837282ca10214002da0ee | History_of_science | Further studies, e.g. Jerome Ravetz 1971 Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems referred to the role of the scientific community, as a social construct, in accepting or rejecting (objective) scientific knowledge. The Science wars of the 1990 were about the influence of especially French philosophers, which denied... | What was positivism called after it was revived? | What was positivism called after it was revived? | [
"What was positivism called after it was revived?"
] | {
"text": [
"scientism"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105455 | 572837282ca10214002da0ef | History_of_science | Further studies, e.g. Jerome Ravetz 1971 Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems referred to the role of the scientific community, as a social construct, in accepting or rejecting (objective) scientific knowledge. The Science wars of the 1990 were about the influence of especially French philosophers, which denied... | What did scientism aim to do? | What did scientism aim to do? | [
"What did scientism aim to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"settling enduring metaphysical and moral controversies"
],
"answer_start": [
625
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105456 | 56e0f1cd231d4119001ac494 | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | How many official radio and television networks does the government of Somalia operate? | How many official radio and television networks does the government of Somalia operate? | [
"How many official radio and television networks does the government of Somalia operate?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105457 | 56e0f1cd231d4119001ac495 | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | Are communication services in Somalia mainly located in the public or private sector? | Are communication services in Somalia mainly located in the public or private sector? | [
"Are communication services in Somalia mainly located in the public or private sector?"
] | {
"text": [
"private"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105458 | 56e0f1cd231d4119001ac496 | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | As internet access increases, news media and online portals replace what form of media? | As internet access increases, news media and online portals replace what form of media? | [
"As internet access increases, news media and online portals replace what form of media?"
] | {
"text": [
"Print media"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105459 | 56e0f1cd231d4119001ac497 | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | What year was the national postal service of Somalia relaunched? | What year was the national postal service of Somalia relaunched? | [
"What year was the national postal service of Somalia relaunched?"
] | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
676
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105460 | 56e0f1cd231d4119001ac498 | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | In 2012, what act was approved to establish a National Communications regulator? | In 2012, what act was approved to establish a National Communications regulator? | [
"In 2012, what act was approved to establish a National Communications regulator?"
] | {
"text": [
"National Communications Act"
],
"answer_start": [
714
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105461 | 56e10cc5cd28a01900c674cd | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | Are communications services in Somalia mostly concentrated in the public or private sector? | Are communications services in Somalia mostly concentrated in the public or private sector? | [
"Are communications services in Somalia mostly concentrated in the public or private sector?"
] | {
"text": [
"private"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105462 | 56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7a | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | Communications in Somalia are mostly concentrated in what sector? | Communications in Somalia are mostly concentrated in what sector? | [
"Communications in Somalia are mostly concentrated in what sector?"
] | {
"text": [
"private"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105463 | 56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7b | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | How many official rado iand TV networks does the governemt of Somalia run? | How many official rado iand TV networks does the governemt of Somalia run? | [
"How many official rado iand TV networks does the governemt of Somalia run?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105464 | 56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7c | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | What type of media decreases and internet connectivity increases? | What type of media decreases and internet connectivity increases? | [
"What type of media decreases and internet connectivity increases?"
] | {
"text": [
"Print media"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105465 | 56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7d | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | What types of media increases as internet connectivity and access increases? | What types of media increases as internet connectivity and access increases? | [
"What types of media increases as internet connectivity and access increases?"
] | {
"text": [
"radio stations and online portals"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105466 | 56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7e | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | What year is the postal service in Somalia set to relaunch? | What year is the postal service in Somalia set to relaunch? | [
"What year is the postal service in Somalia set to relaunch?"
] | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
676
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105467 | 5a54e4f7134fea001a0e1754 | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | How many private and foreign radio and television networks does the government of Somalia have? | How many private and foreign radio and television networks does the government of Somalia have? | [
"How many private and foreign radio and television networks does the government of Somalia have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105468 | 5a54e4f7134fea001a0e1755 | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | When was the national postal service of Somalia first started? | When was the national postal service of Somalia first started? | [
"When was the national postal service of Somalia first started?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105469 | 5a54e4f7134fea001a0e1756 | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | Why is increasing overseas activities causing print media to decrease? | Why is increasing overseas activities causing print media to decrease? | [
"Why is increasing overseas activities causing print media to decrease?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105470 | 5a54e4f7134fea001a0e1757 | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | What communication does the public sector concentrate in? | What communication does the public sector concentrate in? | [
"What communication does the public sector concentrate in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105471 | 5a54e4f7134fea001a0e1758 | Communications_in_Somalia | Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover... | When was the National Communications Act dismantled? | When was the National Communications Act dismantled? | [
"When was the National Communications Act dismantled?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105472 | 56e0f607231d4119001ac4e5 | Communications_in_Somalia | After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre... | Who funded the new telecommunications firms in Somalia? | Who funded the new telecommunications firms in Somalia? | [
"Who funded the new telecommunications firms in Somalia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Somali entrepreneurs"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105473 | 56e0f607231d4119001ac4e6 | Communications_in_Somalia | After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre... | China, Korea, and Europe lent what to the creation of the new firms. | China, Korea, and Europe lent what to the creation of the new firms. | [
"China, Korea, and Europe lent what to the creation of the new firms."
] | {
"text": [
"expertise"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105474 | 56e0f607231d4119001ac4e7 | Communications_in_Somalia | After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre... | What do the new telecommunications firms in Somalia offer that is not available in many other parts of the continent? | What do the new telecommunications firms in Somalia offer that is not available in many other parts of the continent? | [
"What do the new telecommunications firms in Somalia offer that is not available in many other parts of the continent?"
] | {
"text": [
"affordable mobile phone and internet services"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105475 | 56e0f607231d4119001ac4e8 | Communications_in_Somalia | After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre... | Money transfers and wireless internet are two things that customers can now accomplish via what? | Money transfers and wireless internet are two things that customers can now accomplish via what? | [
"Money transfers and wireless internet are two things that customers can now accomplish via what?"
] | {
"text": [
"mobile phones"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105476 | 56e1b39fcd28a01900c67a84 | Communications_in_Somalia | After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre... | When the civil war began, many telecomunications companies were created to provide missing what? | When the civil war began, many telecomunications companies were created to provide missing what? | [
"When the civil war began, many telecomunications companies were created to provide missing what?"
] | {
"text": [
"infrastructure"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105477 | 5a54e6d8134fea001a0e175e | Communications_in_Somalia | After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre... | What did Chinese entrepreneurs create? | What did Chinese entrepreneurs create? | [
"What did Chinese entrepreneurs create?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105478 | 5a54e6d8134fea001a0e175f | Communications_in_Somalia | After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre... | Before the civil war, what jobs were being created? | Before the civil war, what jobs were being created? | [
"Before the civil war, what jobs were being created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105479 | 5a54e6d8134fea001a0e1760 | Communications_in_Somalia | After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre... | Besides Somalia, what country has the best telecommunications? | Besides Somalia, what country has the best telecommunications? | [
"Besides Somalia, what country has the best telecommunications?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105480 | 5a54e6d8134fea001a0e1761 | Communications_in_Somalia | After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre... | Why are the Somalian telecommunication companies so expensive? | Why are the Somalian telecommunication companies so expensive? | [
"Why are the Somalian telecommunication companies so expensive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105481 | 5a54e6d8134fea001a0e1762 | Communications_in_Somalia | After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre... | What can customers do with their phones besides money transfers and banking activities? | What can customers do with their phones besides money transfers and banking activities? | [
"What can customers do with their phones besides money transfers and banking activities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105482 | 56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a98 | Communications_in_Somalia | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | Sprint, ITT, and Telenor are examples of what? | Sprint, ITT, and Telenor are examples of what? | [
"Sprint, ITT, and Telenor are examples of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"multinational corporations"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105483 | 56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a99 | Communications_in_Somalia | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | Who provides service to every City, town, and hamlet in Somalia? | Who provides service to every City, town, and hamlet in Somalia? | [
"Who provides service to every City, town, and hamlet in Somalia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Somali telecommunication companies"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105484 | 56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a9a | Communications_in_Somalia | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | aproximately how many main lines are there per 1000 people? | aproximately how many main lines are there per 1000 people? | [
"aproximately how many main lines are there per 1000 people?"
] | {
"text": [
"25"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105485 | 56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a9b | Communications_in_Somalia | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | what is another word for availability of telephone lines? | what is another word for availability of telephone lines? | [
"what is another word for availability of telephone lines?"
] | {
"text": [
"tele-density"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105486 | 56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a9c | Communications_in_Somalia | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | How much does Hormuud Telecom gross per year? | How much does Hormuud Telecom gross per year? | [
"How much does Hormuud Telecom gross per year?"
] | {
"text": [
"$40 million"
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105487 | 5a54e7bf134fea001a0e1768 | Communications_in_Somalia | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | Who offers the most expensive phone calls in Africa? | Who offers the most expensive phone calls in Africa? | [
"Who offers the most expensive phone calls in Africa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105488 | 5a54e7bf134fea001a0e1769 | Communications_in_Somalia | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | How much does the Somali Telecom Group gross per year? | How much does the Somali Telecom Group gross per year? | [
"How much does the Somali Telecom Group gross per year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105489 | 5a54e7bf134fea001a0e176a | Communications_in_Somalia | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | Which companies agreed to a deal that would limit competition? | Which companies agreed to a deal that would limit competition? | [
"Which companies agreed to a deal that would limit competition?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105490 | 5a54e7bf134fea001a0e176b | Communications_in_Somalia | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | How much higher is the Somalia teledensity compared to Niger? | How much higher is the Somalia teledensity compared to Niger? | [
"How much higher is the Somalia teledensity compared to Niger?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105491 | 5a54e7bf134fea001a0e176c | Communications_in_Somalia | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | What percentage of the Somali telecommunications does Hormuud Telecom make up? | What percentage of the Somali telecommunications does Hormuud Telecom make up? | [
"What percentage of the Somali telecommunications does Hormuud Telecom make up?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105492 | 56e1b646e3433e14004230cc | Communications_in_Somalia | In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion... | What year did Dahabhiil acquire the majority of Somtal network? | What year did Dahabhiil acquire the majority of Somtal network? | [
"What year did Dahabhiil acquire the majority of Somtal network?"
] | {
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105493 | 56e1b646e3433e14004230cd | Communications_in_Somalia | In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion... | Where is Somtal network located? | Where is Somtal network located? | [
"Where is Somtal network located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hargeisa"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105494 | 56e1b646e3433e14004230ce | Communications_in_Somalia | In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion... | Buying Somtal Network allowed Dahabshiil to expand into what type of banking? | Buying Somtal Network allowed Dahabshiil to expand into what type of banking? | [
"Buying Somtal Network allowed Dahabshiil to expand into what type of banking?"
] | {
"text": [
"mobile banking"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105495 | 56e1b646e3433e14004230cf | Communications_in_Somalia | In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion... | STC stands for what? | STC stands for what? | [
"STC stands for what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Somali Telecommunication Company"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105496 | 56e1b646e3433e14004230d0 | Communications_in_Somalia | In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion... | The STC allows its customers to communicate across how many networks? | The STC allows its customers to communicate across how many networks? | [
"The STC allows its customers to communicate across how many networks?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105497 | 5a54f990134fea001a0e178a | Communications_in_Somalia | In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion... | Who is Dahabshiil Group's partner in the Somtel Network? | Who is Dahabshiil Group's partner in the Somtel Network? | [
"Who is Dahabshiil Group's partner in the Somtel Network?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105498 | 5a54f990134fea001a0e178b | Communications_in_Somalia | In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion... | Who owned the majority of Somtel Network before Dahabshiil? | Who owned the majority of Somtel Network before Dahabshiil? | [
"Who owned the majority of Somtel Network before Dahabshiil?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105499 | 5a54f990134fea001a0e178c | Communications_in_Somalia | In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion... | How many networks do STC customers still not have access to? | How many networks do STC customers still not have access to? | [
"How many networks do STC customers still not have access to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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