gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-107700 | 5acf818077cf76001a685033 | Umayyad_Caliphate | While the Umayyads and the Hashimites may have had bitterness between the two clans before Muhammad, the rivalry turned into a severe case of tribal animosity after the Battle of Badr. The battle saw three top leaders of the Umayyad clan (Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Walid ibn Utbah and Shaybah) killed by Hashimites (Ali, Hamza i... | Who was the grandson of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb? | Who was the grandson of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb? | [
"Who was the grandson of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107701 | 5acf818077cf76001a685034 | Umayyad_Caliphate | While the Umayyads and the Hashimites may have had bitterness between the two clans before Muhammad, the rivalry turned into a severe case of tribal animosity after the Battle of Badr. The battle saw three top leaders of the Umayyad clan (Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Walid ibn Utbah and Shaybah) killed by Hashimites (Ali, Hamza i... | Who fought a battle only a year before the Battle of Badr? | Who fought a battle only a year before the Battle of Badr? | [
"Who fought a battle only a year before the Battle of Badr?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107702 | 5acf818077cf76001a685035 | Umayyad_Caliphate | While the Umayyads and the Hashimites may have had bitterness between the two clans before Muhammad, the rivalry turned into a severe case of tribal animosity after the Battle of Badr. The battle saw three top leaders of the Umayyad clan (Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Walid ibn Utbah and Shaybah) killed by Hashimites (Ali, Hamza i... | What battle was the last defeat for the Muslims? | What battle was the last defeat for the Muslims? | [
"What battle was the last defeat for the Muslims?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107703 | 5acf818077cf76001a685036 | Umayyad_Caliphate | While the Umayyads and the Hashimites may have had bitterness between the two clans before Muhammad, the rivalry turned into a severe case of tribal animosity after the Battle of Badr. The battle saw three top leaders of the Umayyad clan (Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Walid ibn Utbah and Shaybah) killed by Hashimites (Ali, Hamza i... | Who was the daughter of Hind? | Who was the daughter of Hind? | [
"Who was the daughter of Hind?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107704 | 571aa18a4faf5e1900b8ab66 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Umar is honored for his attempt to resolve the fiscal problems attendant upon conversion to Islam. During the Umayyad period, the majority of people living within the caliphate were not Muslim, but Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, or members of other small groups. These religious communities were not forced to convert t... | What tax did non-Muslims pay in the Umayyad period? | What tax did non-Muslims pay in the Umayyad period? | [
"What tax did non-Muslims pay in the Umayyad period?"
] | {
"text": [
"jizyah"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107705 | 571aa18a4faf5e1900b8ab67 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Umar is honored for his attempt to resolve the fiscal problems attendant upon conversion to Islam. During the Umayyad period, the majority of people living within the caliphate were not Muslim, but Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, or members of other small groups. These religious communities were not forced to convert t... | What was another term for Muslims who were not Arab? | What was another term for Muslims who were not Arab? | [
"What was another term for Muslims who were not Arab?"
] | {
"text": [
"mawali"
],
"answer_start": [
758
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107706 | 571aa18a4faf5e1900b8ab68 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Umar is honored for his attempt to resolve the fiscal problems attendant upon conversion to Islam. During the Umayyad period, the majority of people living within the caliphate were not Muslim, but Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, or members of other small groups. These religious communities were not forced to convert t... | Along with Christians and Jews, what was a major non-Muslim religious group under the Umayyads? | Along with Christians and Jews, what was a major non-Muslim religious group under the Umayyads? | [
"Along with Christians and Jews, what was a major non-Muslim religious group under the Umayyads?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zoroastrian"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107707 | 5acfafc277cf76001a685860 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Umar is honored for his attempt to resolve the fiscal problems attendant upon conversion to Islam. During the Umayyad period, the majority of people living within the caliphate were not Muslim, but Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, or members of other small groups. These religious communities were not forced to convert t... | What tax did Muslims pay in the Umayyad period? | What tax did Muslims pay in the Umayyad period? | [
"What tax did Muslims pay in the Umayyad period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107708 | 5acfafc277cf76001a685861 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Umar is honored for his attempt to resolve the fiscal problems attendant upon conversion to Islam. During the Umayyad period, the majority of people living within the caliphate were not Muslim, but Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, or members of other small groups. These religious communities were not forced to convert t... | What was a term for Arabs who were not Muslim? | What was a term for Arabs who were not Muslim? | [
"What was a term for Arabs who were not Muslim?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107709 | 5acfafc277cf76001a685862 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Umar is honored for his attempt to resolve the fiscal problems attendant upon conversion to Islam. During the Umayyad period, the majority of people living within the caliphate were not Muslim, but Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, or members of other small groups. These religious communities were not forced to convert t... | Who encouraged conversions in order to make more revenue? | Who encouraged conversions in order to make more revenue? | [
"Who encouraged conversions in order to make more revenue?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107710 | 5acfafc277cf76001a685863 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Umar is honored for his attempt to resolve the fiscal problems attendant upon conversion to Islam. During the Umayyad period, the majority of people living within the caliphate were not Muslim, but Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, or members of other small groups. These religious communities were not forced to convert t... | Who insisted on different treatment of Arab and non-Arab Muslims? | Who insisted on different treatment of Arab and non-Arab Muslims? | [
"Who insisted on different treatment of Arab and non-Arab Muslims?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107711 | 5acfafc277cf76001a685864 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Umar is honored for his attempt to resolve the fiscal problems attendant upon conversion to Islam. During the Umayyad period, the majority of people living within the caliphate were not Muslim, but Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, or members of other small groups. These religious communities were not forced to convert t... | Who added more obstacles to conversion to Islam for non-Arabs? | Who added more obstacles to conversion to Islam for non-Arabs? | [
"Who added more obstacles to conversion to Islam for non-Arabs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107712 | 571aa1c110f8ca14003051f3 | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | When did Uthman die? | When did Uthman die? | [
"When did Uthman die?"
] | {
"text": [
"656"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107713 | 571aa1c110f8ca14003051f4 | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | What tribe did Ali belong to? | What tribe did Ali belong to? | [
"What tribe did Ali belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Quraysh"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107714 | 571aa1c110f8ca14003051f5 | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Along with being his cousin, what relationship did Ali have to Muhammad? | Along with being his cousin, what relationship did Ali have to Muhammad? | [
"Along with being his cousin, what relationship did Ali have to Muhammad?"
] | {
"text": [
"son-in-law"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107715 | 571aa1c110f8ca14003051f6 | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Where was the capital before Ali changed it? | Where was the capital before Ali changed it? | [
"Where was the capital before Ali changed it?"
] | {
"text": [
"Medina"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107716 | 571aa1c110f8ca14003051f7 | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | What does Fitna mean? | What does Fitna mean? | [
"What does Fitna mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"civil war"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107717 | 5acf9a7577cf76001a685426 | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | When was Uthman born? | When was Uthman born? | [
"When was Uthman born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107718 | 5acf9a7577cf76001a685427 | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Why did Ali meet with little resistance? | Why did Ali meet with little resistance? | [
"Why did Ali meet with little resistance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107719 | 5acf9a7577cf76001a685428 | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | When did the Second Fitna occur? | When did the Second Fitna occur? | [
"When did the Second Fitna occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107720 | 5acf9a7577cf76001a685429 | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Who was the wife of Marwan I? | Who was the wife of Marwan I? | [
"Who was the wife of Marwan I?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107721 | 5acf9a7577cf76001a68542a | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | Who did not want conflict? | Who did not want conflict? | [
"Who did not want conflict?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107722 | 571aa20e10f8ca14003051fd | Umayyad_Caliphate | Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muaw... | What group murdered Uthman ibn al-Affan? | What group murdered Uthman ibn al-Affan? | [
"What group murdered Uthman ibn al-Affan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egyptians"
],
"answer_start": [
717
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107723 | 571aa20e10f8ca14003051fe | Umayyad_Caliphate | Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muaw... | Who was Marwan I related to? | Who was Marwan I related to? | [
"Who was Marwan I related to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muawiyah I"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107724 | 571aa20e10f8ca14003051ff | Umayyad_Caliphate | Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muaw... | Who adopted Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr? | Who adopted Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr? | [
"Who adopted Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ali ibn Abi Talib"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107725 | 571aa20e10f8ca1400305200 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muaw... | Who was the great grandson of Muhammad ibn Ali Bakr? | Who was the great grandson of Muhammad ibn Ali Bakr? | [
"Who was the great grandson of Muhammad ibn Ali Bakr?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ja'far al-Sadiq"
],
"answer_start": [
634
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107726 | 5acf974077cf76001a68539e | Umayyad_Caliphate | Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muaw... | Who feared that Muslim armies would turn away from wealth? | Who feared that Muslim armies would turn away from wealth? | [
"Who feared that Muslim armies would turn away from wealth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107727 | 5acf974077cf76001a68539f | Umayyad_Caliphate | Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muaw... | Why did early Muslim armies stay inside of cities? | Why did early Muslim armies stay inside of cities? | [
"Why did early Muslim armies stay inside of cities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107728 | 5acf974077cf76001a6853a0 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muaw... | Who murdered the Egyptians? | Who murdered the Egyptians? | [
"Who murdered the Egyptians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107729 | 5acf974077cf76001a6853a1 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muaw... | Who assumed power when Marwan I became very old? | Who assumed power when Marwan I became very old? | [
"Who assumed power when Marwan I became very old?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107730 | 5acf974077cf76001a6853a2 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muaw... | Who was the son of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr? | Who was the son of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr? | [
"Who was the son of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107731 | 571aa25310f8ca1400305205 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In 680 Ibn al-Zubayr fled Medina for Mecca. Hearing about Husayn's opposition to Yazid I, the people of Kufa sent to Husayn asking him to take over with their support. Al-Husayn sent his cousin Muslim bin Agail to verify if they would rally behind him. When the news reached Yazid I, he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad, ruler... | Where did Ibn al-Zubayr flee to in 680? | Where did Ibn al-Zubayr flee to in 680? | [
"Where did Ibn al-Zubayr flee to in 680?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mecca"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107732 | 571aa25310f8ca1400305206 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In 680 Ibn al-Zubayr fled Medina for Mecca. Hearing about Husayn's opposition to Yazid I, the people of Kufa sent to Husayn asking him to take over with their support. Al-Husayn sent his cousin Muslim bin Agail to verify if they would rally behind him. When the news reached Yazid I, he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad, ruler... | Who did Al-Husayn send to Kufa? | Who did Al-Husayn send to Kufa? | [
"Who did Al-Husayn send to Kufa?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslim bin Agail"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107733 | 571aa25310f8ca1400305207 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In 680 Ibn al-Zubayr fled Medina for Mecca. Hearing about Husayn's opposition to Yazid I, the people of Kufa sent to Husayn asking him to take over with their support. Al-Husayn sent his cousin Muslim bin Agail to verify if they would rally behind him. When the news reached Yazid I, he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad, ruler... | What did Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad rule? | What did Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad rule? | [
"What did Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad rule?"
] | {
"text": [
"Basrah"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107734 | 571aa25310f8ca1400305208 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In 680 Ibn al-Zubayr fled Medina for Mecca. Hearing about Husayn's opposition to Yazid I, the people of Kufa sent to Husayn asking him to take over with their support. Al-Husayn sent his cousin Muslim bin Agail to verify if they would rally behind him. When the news reached Yazid I, he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad, ruler... | Who did Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad murder? | Who did Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad murder? | [
"Who did Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad murder?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslim bin Agail"
],
"answer_start": [
773
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107735 | 5acfa0ca77cf76001a6855de | Umayyad_Caliphate | In 680 Ibn al-Zubayr fled Medina for Mecca. Hearing about Husayn's opposition to Yazid I, the people of Kufa sent to Husayn asking him to take over with their support. Al-Husayn sent his cousin Muslim bin Agail to verify if they would rally behind him. When the news reached Yazid I, he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad, ruler... | When did Ibn al-Zubayr flee Mecca for Medina? | When did Ibn al-Zubayr flee Mecca for Medina? | [
"When did Ibn al-Zubayr flee Mecca for Medina?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107736 | 5acfa0ca77cf76001a6855df | Umayyad_Caliphate | In 680 Ibn al-Zubayr fled Medina for Mecca. Hearing about Husayn's opposition to Yazid I, the people of Kufa sent to Husayn asking him to take over with their support. Al-Husayn sent his cousin Muslim bin Agail to verify if they would rally behind him. When the news reached Yazid I, he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad, ruler... | Who was the sole female survivor of the caravan? | Who was the sole female survivor of the caravan? | [
"Who was the sole female survivor of the caravan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107737 | 5acfa0ca77cf76001a6855e0 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In 680 Ibn al-Zubayr fled Medina for Mecca. Hearing about Husayn's opposition to Yazid I, the people of Kufa sent to Husayn asking him to take over with their support. Al-Husayn sent his cousin Muslim bin Agail to verify if they would rally behind him. When the news reached Yazid I, he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad, ruler... | Who was not able to disperse the crowd that had gathered? | Who was not able to disperse the crowd that had gathered? | [
"Who was not able to disperse the crowd that had gathered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107738 | 5acfa0ca77cf76001a6855e1 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In 680 Ibn al-Zubayr fled Medina for Mecca. Hearing about Husayn's opposition to Yazid I, the people of Kufa sent to Husayn asking him to take over with their support. Al-Husayn sent his cousin Muslim bin Agail to verify if they would rally behind him. When the news reached Yazid I, he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad, ruler... | Who requested a message be sent to Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad to prevent his immigration to Kufa? | Who requested a message be sent to Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad to prevent his immigration to Kufa? | [
"Who requested a message be sent to Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad to prevent his immigration to Kufa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107739 | 5acfa0ca77cf76001a6855e2 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In 680 Ibn al-Zubayr fled Medina for Mecca. Hearing about Husayn's opposition to Yazid I, the people of Kufa sent to Husayn asking him to take over with their support. Al-Husayn sent his cousin Muslim bin Agail to verify if they would rally behind him. When the news reached Yazid I, he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad, ruler... | Who led Husayn's forces? | Who led Husayn's forces? | [
"Who led Husayn's forces?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107740 | 571aa29f10f8ca140030520d | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | When did Muhammad bin Wasim sail to Pakistan? | When did Muhammad bin Wasim sail to Pakistan? | [
"When did Muhammad bin Wasim sail to Pakistan?"
] | {
"text": [
"712"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107741 | 571aa29f10f8ca140030520e | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | Along with the Punjab, what did Muhammad bin Wasim conquer? | Along with the Punjab, what did Muhammad bin Wasim conquer? | [
"Along with the Punjab, what did Muhammad bin Wasim conquer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sindh"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107742 | 571aa29f10f8ca140030520f | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | At what battle did the Hindus of India defeat the Umayyads? | At what battle did the Hindus of India defeat the Umayyads? | [
"At what battle did the Hindus of India defeat the Umayyads?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rajasthan"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107743 | 571aa29f10f8ca1400305210 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | To what dynasty did Vikramaditya II belong? | To what dynasty did Vikramaditya II belong? | [
"To what dynasty did Vikramaditya II belong?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pratihara"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107744 | 571aa29f10f8ca1400305211 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | Who was a notable king in this period from the Pratihara dynasty? | Who was a notable king in this period from the Pratihara dynasty? | [
"Who was a notable king in this period from the Pratihara dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nagabhata"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107745 | 5acf9de577cf76001a685538 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | Who sailed away from Pakistan in 712? | Who sailed away from Pakistan in 712? | [
"Who sailed away from Pakistan in 712?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107746 | 5acf9de577cf76001a685539 | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | What year did Muhammad bin Qasim leave Pakistan? | What year did Muhammad bin Qasim leave Pakistan? | [
"What year did Muhammad bin Qasim leave Pakistan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107747 | 5acf9de577cf76001a68553a | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | What conquests were easy for Umayyad Caliphate? | What conquests were easy for Umayyad Caliphate? | [
"What conquests were easy for Umayyad Caliphate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107748 | 5acf9de577cf76001a68553b | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | Who stopped India from invading the Arabs? | Who stopped India from invading the Arabs? | [
"Who stopped India from invading the Arabs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107749 | 5acf9de577cf76001a68553c | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | When did the south Indian Emperor give up conquering the Arabs? | When did the south Indian Emperor give up conquering the Arabs? | [
"When did the south Indian Emperor give up conquering the Arabs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107750 | 571aa2cb4faf5e1900b8ab76 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under construction during the conflict with Ibn al-Zubayr. This had led some ... | Where was the Dome of the Rock built? | Where was the Dome of the Rock built? | [
"Where was the Dome of the Rock built?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jerusalem"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107751 | 571aa2cb4faf5e1900b8ab77 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under construction during the conflict with Ibn al-Zubayr. This had led some ... | In what year was the Dome of the Rock finished? | In what year was the Dome of the Rock finished? | [
"In what year was the Dome of the Rock finished?"
] | {
"text": [
"692"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107752 | 571aa2cb4faf5e1900b8ab78 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under construction during the conflict with Ibn al-Zubayr. This had led some ... | During whose reign was the Dome of the Rock constructed? | During whose reign was the Dome of the Rock constructed? | [
"During whose reign was the Dome of the Rock constructed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abd al-Malik"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107753 | 5acfa7de77cf76001a685744 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under construction during the conflict with Ibn al-Zubayr. This had led some ... | What was the first major event of the early reign of Abd al-Mali? | What was the first major event of the early reign of Abd al-Mali? | [
"What was the first major event of the early reign of Abd al-Mali?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107754 | 5acfa7de77cf76001a685745 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under construction during the conflict with Ibn al-Zubayr. This had led some ... | What year did construction of the Dome of the Rock begin? | What year did construction of the Dome of the Rock begin? | [
"What year did construction of the Dome of the Rock begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107755 | 5acfa7de77cf76001a685746 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under construction during the conflict with Ibn al-Zubayr. This had led some ... | Why was the Kaaba built? | Why was the Kaaba built? | [
"Why was the Kaaba built?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107756 | 5acfa7de77cf76001a685747 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under construction during the conflict with Ibn al-Zubayr. This had led some ... | When was the Kaaba under construction? | When was the Kaaba under construction? | [
"When was the Kaaba under construction?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107757 | 5acfa7de77cf76001a685748 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under construction during the conflict with Ibn al-Zubayr. This had led some ... | What year was the Kaaba completed? | What year was the Kaaba completed? | [
"What year was the Kaaba completed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107758 | 571aa3074faf5e1900b8ab7c | Umayyad_Caliphate | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Who was the son of Sarjun? | Who was the son of Sarjun? | [
"Who was the son of Sarjun?"
] | {
"text": [
"John of Damascus"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107759 | 571aa3074faf5e1900b8ab7d | Umayyad_Caliphate | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Along with Rhodes, what Byzantine possession did Muawiyah occupy? | Along with Rhodes, what Byzantine possession did Muawiyah occupy? | [
"Along with Rhodes, what Byzantine possession did Muawiyah occupy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Crete"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107760 | 571aa3074faf5e1900b8ab7e | Umayyad_Caliphate | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Who group of Christians rose up against Muawiyah? | Who group of Christians rose up against Muawiyah? | [
"Who group of Christians rose up against Muawiyah?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mardaites"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107761 | 571aa3074faf5e1900b8ab7f | Umayyad_Caliphate | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | What did Muawiyah found in North Africa? | What did Muawiyah found in North Africa? | [
"What did Muawiyah found in North Africa?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kairouan"
],
"answer_start": [
646
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107762 | 5acf9ef077cf76001a68559c | Umayyad_Caliphate | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Who discouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christians in Syria? | Who discouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christians in Syria? | [
"Who discouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christians in Syria?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107763 | 5acf9ef077cf76001a68559d | Umayyad_Caliphate | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Who was Muawiyah's least close adviser? | Who was Muawiyah's least close adviser? | [
"Who was Muawiyah's least close adviser?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107764 | 5acf9ef077cf76001a68559e | Umayyad_Caliphate | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | When were Rhodes and Crete freed from occupation? | When were Rhodes and Crete freed from occupation? | [
"When were Rhodes and Crete freed from occupation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107765 | 5acf9ef077cf76001a68559f | Umayyad_Caliphate | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Who oversaw a military withdrawal in North Africa? | Who oversaw a military withdrawal in North Africa? | [
"Who oversaw a military withdrawal in North Africa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107766 | 5acf9ef077cf76001a6855a0 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. D... | Where did Muawiya shrink military expansion in? | Where did Muawiya shrink military expansion in? | [
"Where did Muawiya shrink military expansion in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107767 | 571aa35110f8ca1400305217 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | Who was the son of Yazid? | Who was the son of Yazid? | [
"Who was the son of Yazid?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muawiya II"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107768 | 571aa35110f8ca1400305218 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | When did Muawiya II's reign begin? | When did Muawiya II's reign begin? | [
"When did Muawiya II's reign begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"683"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107769 | 571aa35110f8ca1400305219 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | Who had the support of the Confederation of Qays? | Who had the support of the Confederation of Qays? | [
"Who had the support of the Confederation of Qays?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ibn al-Zubayr"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107770 | 571aa35110f8ca140030521a | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | From whom was Marwan descended? | From whom was Marwan descended? | [
"From whom was Marwan descended?"
] | {
"text": [
"Umayya via Wa'il ibn Umayyah"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107771 | 571aa35110f8ca140030521b | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | In what year did the battle of Marj Rahit occur? | In what year did the battle of Marj Rahit occur? | [
"In what year did the battle of Marj Rahit occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"684"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107772 | 5acfa43477cf76001a6856c0 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | What army left Damascus? | What army left Damascus? | [
"What army left Damascus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107773 | 5acfa43477cf76001a6856c1 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | Who was recognized as caliph outside of Syria? | Who was recognized as caliph outside of Syria? | [
"Who was recognized as caliph outside of Syria?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107774 | 5acfa43477cf76001a6856c2 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | Who was a descendant of Marwan? | Who was a descendant of Marwan? | [
"Who was a descendant of Marwan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107775 | 5acfa43477cf76001a6856c3 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | What year did the partisans of Marwan lose a battle? | What year did the partisans of Marwan lose a battle? | [
"What year did the partisans of Marwan lose a battle?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107776 | 5acfa43477cf76001a6856c4 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | What city did the partisans of Marwan lose a battle near? | What city did the partisans of Marwan lose a battle near? | [
"What city did the partisans of Marwan lose a battle near?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107777 | 571aa39d10f8ca1400305221 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Han... | Who was the father of Abd al-Malik? | Who was the father of Abd al-Malik? | [
"Who was the father of Abd al-Malik?"
] | {
"text": [
"Marwan"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107778 | 571aa39d10f8ca1400305222 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Han... | When did Abd al-Malik's rule begin? | When did Abd al-Malik's rule begin? | [
"When did Abd al-Malik's rule begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"685"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107779 | 571aa39d10f8ca1400305223 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Han... | Where was Al-Mukhtar based? | Where was Al-Mukhtar based? | [
"Where was Al-Mukhtar based? "
] | {
"text": [
"Kufa"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107780 | 571aa39d10f8ca1400305224 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Han... | Who was the father of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah? | Who was the father of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah? | [
"Who was the father of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ali"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107781 | 571aa39d10f8ca1400305225 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Han... | In what year did Ibn al-Zubayr die? | In what year did Ibn al-Zubayr die? | [
"In what year did Ibn al-Zubayr die?"
] | {
"text": [
"692"
],
"answer_start": [
631
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107782 | 5acfa72877cf76001a685734 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Han... | Who succeeded Abd al-Malik? | Who succeeded Abd al-Malik? | [
"Who succeeded Abd al-Malik?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107783 | 5acfa72877cf76001a685735 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Han... | What span of years did Marwan rule? | What span of years did Marwan rule? | [
"What span of years did Marwan rule?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107784 | 5acfa72877cf76001a685736 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Han... | Who was another son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah? | Who was another son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah? | [
"Who was another son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107785 | 5acfa72877cf76001a685737 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Han... | When did the Umayyads defeat the troops of al-Mukhtar near Mosul? | When did the Umayyads defeat the troops of al-Mukhtar near Mosul? | [
"When did the Umayyads defeat the troops of al-Mukhtar near Mosul?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107786 | 571aa3cf10f8ca140030522b | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | Who appointed the governors in the Umayyad empire? | Who appointed the governors in the Umayyad empire? | [
"Who appointed the governors in the Umayyad empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"khalifah"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107787 | 571aa3cf10f8ca140030522c | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | Where was the government of the Umayyads based? | Where was the government of the Umayyads based? | [
"Where was the government of the Umayyads based?"
] | {
"text": [
"Damascus"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107788 | 571aa3cf10f8ca140030522d | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | Along with army leaders, police and civil administration, what did the governor control in his province? | Along with army leaders, police and civil administration, what did the governor control in his province? | [
"Along with army leaders, police and civil administration, what did the governor control in his province?"
] | {
"text": [
"religious officials"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107789 | 5acfb5d677cf76001a6859d6 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | What was not divided into several pieces? | What was not divided into several pieces? | [
"What was not divided into several pieces?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107790 | 5acfb5d677cf76001a6859d7 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | What did the borders of the empire do before the Umayyad reign? | What did the borders of the empire do before the Umayyad reign? | [
"What did the borders of the empire do before the Umayyad reign?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107791 | 5acfb5d677cf76001a6859d8 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | Who appointed the khalifah? | Who appointed the khalifah? | [
"Who appointed the khalifah?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107792 | 5acfb5d677cf76001a6859d9 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | What did governors do with the extra tax revenue in the early years of the dynasty? | What did governors do with the extra tax revenue in the early years of the dynasty? | [
"What did governors do with the extra tax revenue in the early years of the dynasty? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107793 | 5acfb5d677cf76001a6859da | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | When did the central power of the Umayyad rulers increase? | When did the central power of the Umayyad rulers increase? | [
"When did the central power of the Umayyad rulers increase?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107794 | 571aa41910f8ca1400305231 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question o... | What was the main city of Tokharistan? | What was the main city of Tokharistan? | [
"What was the main city of Tokharistan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Balkh"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107795 | 571aa41910f8ca1400305232 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question o... | What was the central part of Transoxiana called? | What was the central part of Transoxiana called? | [
"What was the central part of Transoxiana called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Samarkand"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107796 | 571aa41910f8ca1400305233 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question o... | In what year did the Day of Thirst occur? | In what year did the Day of Thirst occur? | [
"In what year did the Day of Thirst occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"724"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107797 | 571aa41910f8ca1400305234 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question o... | What notable battle occurred in 731? | What notable battle occurred in 731? | [
"What notable battle occurred in 731?"
] | {
"text": [
"Battle of the Defile"
],
"answer_start": [
744
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107798 | 571aa41910f8ca1400305235 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question o... | Who was the leader of the revolt of 734? | Who was the leader of the revolt of 734? | [
"Who was the leader of the revolt of 734?"
] | {
"text": [
"al-Harith ibn Surayj"
],
"answer_start": [
785
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107799 | 5acfb26677cf76001a68592c | Umayyad_Caliphate | Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question o... | Who suffered worse defeats in the west? | Who suffered worse defeats in the west? | [
"Who suffered worse defeats in the west?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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