gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-107800 | 5acfb26677cf76001a68592d | Umayyad_Caliphate | Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question o... | What area was easy to govern? | What area was easy to govern? | [
"What area was easy to govern?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107801 | 5acfb26677cf76001a68592e | Umayyad_Caliphate | Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question o... | What was the Umayyad victory in 724 called? | What was the Umayyad victory in 724 called? | [
"What was the Umayyad victory in 724 called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107802 | 5acfb26677cf76001a68592f | Umayyad_Caliphate | Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question o... | What governor stuck to his promise of tax relief to the Sogdians? | What governor stuck to his promise of tax relief to the Sogdians? | [
"What governor stuck to his promise of tax relief to the Sogdians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107803 | 5acfb26677cf76001a685930 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question o... | Who was able to capture Merv? | Who was able to capture Merv? | [
"Who was able to capture Merv?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107804 | 571aa46c10f8ca140030523b | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | What group were the Hashimiyya a sect of? | What group were the Hashimiyya a sect of? | [
"What group were the Hashimiyya a sect of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kaysanites Shia"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107805 | 571aa46c10f8ca140030523c | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | Who led the Hashimiyya movement? | Who led the Hashimiyya movement? | [
"Who led the Hashimiyya movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abbasid family"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107806 | 571aa46c10f8ca140030523d | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | Of what clan were the Abbasids members of? | Of what clan were the Abbasids members of? | [
"Of what clan were the Abbasids members of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hashim"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107807 | 571aa46c10f8ca140030523e | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | What year saw the death of Abu Hashim? | What year saw the death of Abu Hashim? | [
"What year saw the death of Abu Hashim?"
] | {
"text": [
"717"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107808 | 571aa46c10f8ca140030523f | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | Who was named successor by Abu Hashim? | Who was named successor by Abu Hashim? | [
"Who was named successor by Abu Hashim?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muhammad ibn Ali"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107809 | 5acfb3c477cf76001a685980 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | What was a sub-sect of the Hashimiyya movement? | What was a sub-sect of the Hashimiyya movement? | [
"What was a sub-sect of the Hashimiyya movement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107810 | 5acfb3c477cf76001a685981 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | Who led the Kaysanites Shia? | Who led the Kaysanites Shia? | [
"Who led the Kaysanites Shia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107811 | 5acfb3c477cf76001a685982 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | Who named Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya as his successor? | Who named Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya as his successor? | [
"Who named Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya as his successor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107812 | 5acfb3c477cf76001a685983 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | What failed to rally the supporters of the failed revolt? | What failed to rally the supporters of the failed revolt? | [
"What failed to rally the supporters of the failed revolt?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107813 | 5acfb3c477cf76001a685984 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Acco... | Who represented themselves as the supporters of Ali? | Who represented themselves as the supporters of Ali? | [
"Who represented themselves as the supporters of Ali?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107814 | 571aa4be4faf5e1900b8ab98 | Umayyad_Caliphate | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | When did the Umayyads begin to occupy Iberia? | When did the Umayyads begin to occupy Iberia? | [
"When did the Umayyads begin to occupy Iberia?"
] | {
"text": [
"711"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107815 | 571aa4be4faf5e1900b8ab99 | Umayyad_Caliphate | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | What was the final year that the Umayyads held Narbonne? | What was the final year that the Umayyads held Narbonne? | [
"What was the final year that the Umayyads held Narbonne?"
] | {
"text": [
"759"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107816 | 571aa4be4faf5e1900b8ab9a | Umayyad_Caliphate | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | Who defeated the Arabs at the Battle of Tours? | Who defeated the Arabs at the Battle of Tours? | [
"Who defeated the Arabs at the Battle of Tours?"
] | {
"text": [
"Franks"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107817 | 571aa4be4faf5e1900b8ab9b | Umayyad_Caliphate | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | In what year did the Berber Revolt begin? | In what year did the Berber Revolt begin? | [
"In what year did the Berber Revolt begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"739"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107818 | 571aa4be4faf5e1900b8ab9c | Umayyad_Caliphate | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | What was Marwan II's name before he became caliph? | What was Marwan II's name before he became caliph? | [
"What was Marwan II's name before he became caliph?"
] | {
"text": [
"Marwan ibn Muhammad"
],
"answer_start": [
1112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107819 | 5acfb19477cf76001a6858e2 | Umayyad_Caliphate | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | What paved the way towards an occupation of the Umayyads by the Iberians? | What paved the way towards an occupation of the Umayyads by the Iberians? | [
"What paved the way towards an occupation of the Umayyads by the Iberians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107820 | 5acfb19477cf76001a6858e3 | Umayyad_Caliphate | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | When did the occupation of Iberia end? | When did the occupation of Iberia end? | [
"When did the occupation of Iberia end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107821 | 5acfb19477cf76001a6858e4 | Umayyad_Caliphate | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | What year did the caliphate's expansion in the west start? | What year did the caliphate's expansion in the west start? | [
"What year did the caliphate's expansion in the west start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107822 | 5acfb19477cf76001a6858e5 | Umayyad_Caliphate | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | At what battle did the Arabs defeat the Franks? | At what battle did the Arabs defeat the Franks? | [
"At what battle did the Arabs defeat the Franks?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107823 | 5acfb19477cf76001a6858e6 | Umayyad_Caliphate | From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion... | When did the Arab army win a major victory at the Battle of Marj Ardabil? | When did the Arab army win a major victory at the Battle of Marj Ardabil? | [
"When did the Arab army win a major victory at the Battle of Marj Ardabil?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107824 | 571aa4fa4faf5e1900b8aba2 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | Who was the father of Hisham? | Who was the father of Hisham? | [
"Who was the father of Hisham?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abd al-Malik"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107825 | 571aa4fa4faf5e1900b8aba3 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | When did Hisham's reign start? | When did Hisham's reign start? | [
"When did Hisham's reign start?"
] | {
"text": [
"724"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107826 | 571aa4fa4faf5e1900b8aba4 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | Where did Hisham base his court? | Where did Hisham base his court? | [
"Where did Hisham base his court?"
] | {
"text": [
"Resafa"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107827 | 571aa4fa4faf5e1900b8aba5 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | What notable defeat was suffered by the Arabs under Hisham? | What notable defeat was suffered by the Arabs under Hisham? | [
"What notable defeat was suffered by the Arabs under Hisham?"
] | {
"text": [
"Battle of Akroinon"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107828 | 571aa4fa4faf5e1900b8aba6 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | In what part of Syria was Resafa located? | In what part of Syria was Resafa located? | [
"In what part of Syria was Resafa located?"
] | {
"text": [
"northern"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107829 | 5acfb08277cf76001a68589a | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | Who was the first son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph? | Who was the first son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph? | [
"Who was the first son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107830 | 5acfb08277cf76001a68589b | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | What years did the first son of Abd al-Malik rule? | What years did the first son of Abd al-Malik rule? | [
"What years did the first son of Abd al-Malik rule?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107831 | 5acfb08277cf76001a68589c | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | Whose reign was marked by the acceleration of military expansion? | Whose reign was marked by the acceleration of military expansion? | [
"Whose reign was marked by the acceleration of military expansion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107832 | 5acfb08277cf76001a68589d | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | Who stopped hostilities against the Byzantines? | Who stopped hostilities against the Byzantines? | [
"Who stopped hostilities against the Byzantines?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107833 | 5acfb08277cf76001a68589e | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | Who was the final son of Hirsham? | Who was the final son of Hirsham? | [
"Who was the final son of Hirsham?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107834 | 571aa54410f8ca1400305245 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | What was the name of Muawiyah's wife? | What was the name of Muawiyah's wife? | [
"What was the name of Muawiyah's wife?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maysum"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107835 | 571aa54410f8ca1400305246 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | What tribe did Muawiyah's wife belong to? | What tribe did Muawiyah's wife belong to? | [
"What tribe did Muawiyah's wife belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kalb"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107836 | 571aa54410f8ca1400305247 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | What was the religion of Muawiyah's wife's tribe? | What was the religion of Muawiyah's wife's tribe? | [
"What was the religion of Muawiyah's wife's tribe?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christian"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107837 | 571aa54410f8ca1400305248 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | What was the ethnicity of the Kalb tribe? | What was the ethnicity of the Kalb tribe? | [
"What was the ethnicity of the Kalb tribe?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107838 | 571aa54410f8ca1400305249 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | Where was the Kalb tribe based? | Where was the Kalb tribe based? | [
"Where was the Kalb tribe based?"
] | {
"text": [
"Syria"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107839 | 5acfba2d77cf76001a685ac2 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | Who was the chief of the Kalb tribe? | Who was the chief of the Kalb tribe? | [
"Who was the chief of the Kalb tribe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107840 | 5acfba2d77cf76001a685ac3 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | Who did the chief of the Kalb tribe marry? | Who did the chief of the Kalb tribe marry? | [
"Who did the chief of the Kalb tribe marry?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107841 | 5acfba2d77cf76001a685ac4 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | Whose marriage was motivated by love? | Whose marriage was motivated by love? | [
"Whose marriage was motivated by love?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107842 | 5acfba2d77cf76001a685ac5 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | Who used the Jacobite Christians against the Muslims? | Who used the Jacobite Christians against the Muslims? | [
"Who used the Jacobite Christians against the Muslims?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107843 | 5acfba2d77cf76001a685ac6 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | When did Muawiyah dissolve the navy? | When did Muawiyah dissolve the navy? | [
"When did Muawiyah dissolve the navy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107844 | 571aa5ad10f8ca140030524f | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | What Umayyad ruler is regarded as especially just and pious by Sunni scholars? | What Umayyad ruler is regarded as especially just and pious by Sunni scholars? | [
"What Umayyad ruler is regarded as especially just and pious by Sunni scholars?"
] | {
"text": [
"Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107845 | 571aa5ad10f8ca1400305250 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | For whom did Umar end the jizya? | For whom did Umar end the jizya? | [
"For whom did Umar end the jizya?"
] | {
"text": [
"converts to Islam"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107846 | 571aa5ad10f8ca1400305251 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | In what year did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz die? | In what year did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz die? | [
"In what year did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz die?"
] | {
"text": [
"720"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107847 | 571aa5ad10f8ca1400305252 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | What was Umar ibn Ad al-Aziz's cause of death? | What was Umar ibn Ad al-Aziz's cause of death? | [
"What was Umar ibn Ad al-Aziz's cause of death?"
] | {
"text": [
"poisoned"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107848 | 571aa5ad10f8ca1400305253 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | What group did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz grant liberties to? | What group did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz grant liberties to? | [
"What group did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz grant liberties to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mawali"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107849 | 5acfc09f77cf76001a685ca6 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | What Umayyad ruler is hated by Sunni sources? | What Umayyad ruler is hated by Sunni sources? | [
"What Umayyad ruler is hated by Sunni sources?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107850 | 5acfc09f77cf76001a685ca7 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | When was Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz born? | When was Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz born? | [
"When was Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107851 | 5acfc09f77cf76001a685ca8 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | What happened when later governments tried to continue Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's tax policies? | What happened when later governments tried to continue Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's tax policies? | [
"What happened when later governments tried to continue Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's tax policies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107852 | 5acfc09f77cf76001a685ca9 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | What unanimously praised most of the Umayyad rulers? | What unanimously praised most of the Umayyad rulers? | [
"What unanimously praised most of the Umayyad rulers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107853 | 5acfc09f77cf76001a685caa | Umayyad_Caliphate | Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ... | Who established the jizya tax? | Who established the jizya tax? | [
"Who established the jizya tax?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107854 | 571aa61910f8ca1400305263 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Who became leader of the Khurasan Hashimiyya in approximately 746? | Who became leader of the Khurasan Hashimiyya in approximately 746? | [
"Who became leader of the Khurasan Hashimiyya in approximately 746?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abu Muslim"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107855 | 571aa61910f8ca1400305264 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | What symbol did Abu Muslim use in his revolt against the Umayyads? | What symbol did Abu Muslim use in his revolt against the Umayyads? | [
"What symbol did Abu Muslim use in his revolt against the Umayyads?"
] | {
"text": [
"black flag"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107856 | 571aa61910f8ca1400305265 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Who was the Umayyad governor of Khurasan who was defeated by Abu Muslim? | Who was the Umayyad governor of Khurasan who was defeated by Abu Muslim? | [
"Who was the Umayyad governor of Khurasan who was defeated by Abu Muslim?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nasr ibn Sayyar"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107857 | 571aa61910f8ca1400305266 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | When did the Hashimiyya conquer Kufa? | When did the Hashimiyya conquer Kufa? | [
"When did the Hashimiyya conquer Kufa?"
] | {
"text": [
"749"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107858 | 571aa61910f8ca1400305267 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Where did Marwan die? | Where did Marwan die? | [
"Where did Marwan die?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
795
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107859 | 5acfb4c977cf76001a6859a8 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | Who carried out a revolt under the sign of the white flag? | Who carried out a revolt under the sign of the white flag? | [
"Who carried out a revolt under the sign of the white flag?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107860 | 5acfb4c977cf76001a6859a9 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | What year was control of Khurasan established? | What year was control of Khurasan established? | [
"What year was control of Khurasan established?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107861 | 5acfb4c977cf76001a6859aa | Umayyad_Caliphate | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | What was the first Umayyad stronghold in Iraq? | What was the first Umayyad stronghold in Iraq? | [
"What was the first Umayyad stronghold in Iraq?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107862 | 5acfb4c977cf76001a6859ab | Umayyad_Caliphate | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | When was Marwan recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa? | When was Marwan recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa? | [
"When was Marwan recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107863 | 5acfb4c977cf76001a6859ac | Umayyad_Caliphate | Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwar... | What month was Abu Muslim killed in Egypt? | What month was Abu Muslim killed in Egypt? | [
"What month was Abu Muslim killed in Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107864 | 571aa66210f8ca140030526d | Umayyad_Caliphate | The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was ... | In the later Abbasid era, what branch of Islam did Iran adhere to? | In the later Abbasid era, what branch of Islam did Iran adhere to? | [
"In the later Abbasid era, what branch of Islam did Iran adhere to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sunni"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107865 | 571aa66210f8ca140030526e | Umayyad_Caliphate | The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was ... | What notable work of Islamic history was written in Iran during the later Abbasid period? | What notable work of Islamic history was written in Iran during the later Abbasid period? | [
"What notable work of Islamic history was written in Iran during the later Abbasid period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Al-Tabri"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107866 | 571aa66210f8ca140030526f | Umayyad_Caliphate | The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was ... | What group was notably disliked in Iran after the Persian Empire fell? | What group was notably disliked in Iran after the Persian Empire fell? | [
"What group was notably disliked in Iran after the Persian Empire fell?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107867 | 5acfc16877cf76001a685ce0 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was ... | What are the books written early in the Abbasid period like? | What are the books written early in the Abbasid period like? | [
"What are the books written early in the Abbasid period like?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107868 | 5acfc16877cf76001a685ce1 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was ... | When was there not much anti Arab feeling in Iran? | When was there not much anti Arab feeling in Iran? | [
"When was there not much anti Arab feeling in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107869 | 5acfc16877cf76001a685ce2 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was ... | What did this anti Arab feeling fail to influence? | What did this anti Arab feeling fail to influence? | [
"What did this anti Arab feeling fail to influence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107870 | 5acfc16877cf76001a685ce3 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was ... | What was a small collection of texts? | What was a small collection of texts? | [
"What was a small collection of texts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107871 | 5acfc16877cf76001a685ce4 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was ... | What was a collection meant only for current generations? | What was a collection meant only for current generations? | [
"What was a collection meant only for current generations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107872 | 571aa6ba10f8ca1400305273 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | What is the meaning of the term Kurdus in English? | What is the meaning of the term Kurdus in English? | [
"What is the meaning of the term Kurdus in English?"
] | {
"text": [
"cohort"
],
"answer_start": [
669
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107873 | 571aa6ba10f8ca1400305274 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | What caliph reigned from 740 to 750? | What caliph reigned from 740 to 750? | [
"What caliph reigned from 740 to 750?"
] | {
"text": [
"Marwan II"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107874 | 571aa6ba10f8ca1400305275 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | What style of dress did Arab troops wear under Marwan II? | What style of dress did Arab troops wear under Marwan II? | [
"What style of dress did Arab troops wear under Marwan II?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
825
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107875 | 571aa6ba10f8ca1400305276 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | Along with artillery and infantry, what was the third division of Umayyad troops under Marwan II? | Along with artillery and infantry, what was the third division of Umayyad troops under Marwan II? | [
"Along with artillery and infantry, what was the third division of Umayyad troops under Marwan II?"
] | {
"text": [
"cavalry"
],
"answer_start": [
764
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107876 | 571aa6ba10f8ca1400305277 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | What did the Umayyads call the mangonel? | What did the Umayyads call the mangonel? | [
"What did the Umayyads call the mangonel?"
] | {
"text": [
"manjaniq"
],
"answer_start": [
929
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107877 | 5acfb7a577cf76001a685a2a | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | Who didn't change the Diwan of Umar? | Who didn't change the Diwan of Umar? | [
"Who didn't change the Diwan of Umar?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107878 | 5acfb7a577cf76001a685a2b | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | What did the Byzantines pattern their army organization on? | What did the Byzantines pattern their army organization on? | [
"What did the Byzantines pattern their army organization on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107879 | 5acfb7a577cf76001a685a2c | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | How many corps did the Byzantines have? | How many corps did the Byzantines have? | [
"How many corps did the Byzantines have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107880 | 5acfb7a577cf76001a685a2d | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | Who reintroduced the old division? | Who reintroduced the old division? | [
"Who reintroduced the old division?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107881 | 5acfb7a577cf76001a685a2e | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | In what fashion were Greek troops armed? | In what fashion were Greek troops armed? | [
"In what fashion were Greek troops armed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107882 | 571aa72d10f8ca140030527d | Umayyad_Caliphate | Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for ... | Who first brought a postal service into Umayyad lands? | Who first brought a postal service into Umayyad lands? | [
"Who first brought a postal service into Umayyad lands?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mu'awiyah"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107883 | 571aa72d10f8ca140030527e | Umayyad_Caliphate | Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for ... | Along what highway did Umar bin Abdul-Aziz build caravanserais? | Along what highway did Umar bin Abdul-Aziz build caravanserais? | [
"Along what highway did Umar bin Abdul-Aziz build caravanserais?"
] | {
"text": [
"Khurasan"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107884 | 571aa72d10f8ca140030527f | Umayyad_Caliphate | Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for ... | Along with horses and camels, what animals were used by the postal service? | Along with horses and camels, what animals were used by the postal service? | [
"Along with horses and camels, what animals were used by the postal service?"
] | {
"text": [
"donkeys"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107885 | 571aa72d10f8ca1400305280 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for ... | In dirhams, what was the yearly cost of the Iraqi postal service when Yusuf bin Umar was governor? | In dirhams, what was the yearly cost of the Iraqi postal service when Yusuf bin Umar was governor? | [
"In dirhams, what was the yearly cost of the Iraqi postal service when Yusuf bin Umar was governor?"
] | {
"text": [
"4,000,000"
],
"answer_start": [
898
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107886 | 571aa72d10f8ca1400305281 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for ... | In kilometers, how far apart was each stage of the Umayyad highways? | In kilometers, how far apart was each stage of the Umayyad highways? | [
"In kilometers, how far apart was each stage of the Umayyad highways?"
] | {
"text": [
"19"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107887 | 5acfb6c277cf76001a685a04 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for ... | Who ended the postal service? | Who ended the postal service? | [
"Who ended the postal service?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107888 | 5acfb6c277cf76001a685a05 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for ... | Who shrunk the reach of the postal service throughout his empire? | Who shrunk the reach of the postal service throughout his empire? | [
"Who shrunk the reach of the postal service throughout his empire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107889 | 5acfb6c277cf76001a685a06 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for ... | Who stopped the use of horses in the postal service? | Who stopped the use of horses in the postal service? | [
"Who stopped the use of horses in the postal service?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107890 | 5acfb6c277cf76001a685a07 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for ... | What service primarily met the needs of private citizens? | What service primarily met the needs of private citizens? | [
"What service primarily met the needs of private citizens? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107891 | 5acfb6c277cf76001a685a08 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for ... | What did the postal department of Iraq cost per year under Abd al-Malik? | What did the postal department of Iraq cost per year under Abd al-Malik? | [
"What did the postal department of Iraq cost per year under Abd al-Malik?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107892 | 571aa7d54faf5e1900b8abc0 | Umayyad_Caliphate | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | What nation lost the Battle of Yarmouk? | What nation lost the Battle of Yarmouk? | [
"What nation lost the Battle of Yarmouk?"
] | {
"text": [
"Byzantine"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107893 | 571aa7d54faf5e1900b8abc1 | Umayyad_Caliphate | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Who was the Byzantine leader at the Battle of Yarmouk? | Who was the Byzantine leader at the Battle of Yarmouk? | [
"Who was the Byzantine leader at the Battle of Yarmouk?"
] | {
"text": [
"Heraclius"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107894 | 571aa7d54faf5e1900b8abc2 | Umayyad_Caliphate | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Along with Syria, where did the Muslims extend their control after the Battle of Yarmouk? | Along with Syria, where did the Muslims extend their control after the Battle of Yarmouk? | [
"Along with Syria, where did the Muslims extend their control after the Battle of Yarmouk?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jerusalem"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107895 | 571aa7d54faf5e1900b8abc3 | Umayyad_Caliphate | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Who was the father of Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan? | Who was the father of Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan? | [
"Who was the father of Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abu Sufyan ibn Harb"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107896 | 571aa7d54faf5e1900b8abc4 | Umayyad_Caliphate | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Along with Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, what notable Muslim participated in the Battle of Yarmouk? | Along with Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, what notable Muslim participated in the Battle of Yarmouk? | [
"Along with Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, what notable Muslim participated in the Battle of Yarmouk?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hind bint Utbah"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107897 | 5acfb96c77cf76001a685a94 | Umayyad_Caliphate | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | What is an example of a late history book? | What is an example of a late history book? | [
"What is an example of a late history book?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107898 | 5acfb96c77cf76001a685a95 | Umayyad_Caliphate | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | What were Muawiyah's father and brothers appointed as before they converted to Islam? | What were Muawiyah's father and brothers appointed as before they converted to Islam? | [
"What were Muawiyah's father and brothers appointed as before they converted to Islam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107899 | 5acfb96c77cf76001a685a96 | Umayyad_Caliphate | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Who appointed Muhammad as a commander? | Who appointed Muhammad as a commander? | [
"Who appointed Muhammad as a commander?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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