gem_id
stringlengths 20
25
| id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringlengths 3
59
| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
270
| target
stringlengths 1
270
| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-108000
|
5acd2f5507355d001abf384a
|
Estonian_language
|
The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.
|
What was the fate of the Lutheran manuscript printed in 1524?
|
What was the fate of the Lutheran manuscript printed in 1524?
|
[
" What was the fate of the Lutheran manuscript printed in 1524?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108001
|
5acd2f5507355d001abf384b
|
Estonian_language
|
The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.
|
At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript published?
|
At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript published?
|
[
"At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript published?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108002
|
5acd2f5507355d001abf384c
|
Estonian_language
|
The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.
|
What manuscript was written in 1528?
|
What manuscript was written in 1528?
|
[
"What manuscript was written in 1528?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108003
|
56e3c1098c00841900fbaee3
|
Estonian_language
|
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.
|
What two people are responsible for the first still in existence book in the Estonian Language?
|
What two people are responsible for the first still in existence book in the Estonian Language?
|
[
"What two people are responsible for the first still in existence book in the Estonian Language?"
] |
{
"text": [
"S. Wanradt and J. Koell"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108004
|
56e3c1098c00841900fbaee4
|
Estonian_language
|
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.
|
In what year was S. Wanradt and J. Koell's book written?
|
In what year was S. Wanradt and J. Koell's book written?
|
[
"In what year was S. Wanradt and J. Koell's book written?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1535"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108005
|
56e3c1098c00841900fbaee5
|
Estonian_language
|
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.
|
What type of book was it?
|
What type of book was it?
|
[
"What type of book was it?"
] |
{
"text": [
"bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108006
|
56e3c1098c00841900fbaee6
|
Estonian_language
|
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.
|
What book specifically for the use of priests was printed in Estonian?
|
What book specifically for the use of priests was printed in Estonian?
|
[
"What book specifically for the use of priests was printed in Estonian?"
] |
{
"text": [
"An Estonian grammar book"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108007
|
56e3c1098c00841900fbaee7
|
Estonian_language
|
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.
|
What year was the priests' grammar book put into print?
|
What year was the priests' grammar book put into print?
|
[
"What year was the priests' grammar book put into print?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1637"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108008
|
5acd2fe907355d001abf3852
|
Estonian_language
|
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.
|
Who wrote the last Estonian book?
|
Who wrote the last Estonian book?
|
[
"Who wrote the last Estonian book? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108009
|
5acd2fe907355d001abf3853
|
Estonian_language
|
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.
|
What book was published in Eastern Estonia in 1715?
|
What book was published in Eastern Estonia in 1715?
|
[
"What book was published in Eastern Estonia in 1715?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108010
|
5acd2fe907355d001abf3854
|
Estonian_language
|
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.
|
What book was not used by priests in 1637?
|
What book was not used by priests in 1637?
|
[
"What book was not used by priests in 1637?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108011
|
5acd2fe907355d001abf3855
|
Estonian_language
|
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.
|
Who wrote in Eastern Estonian?
|
Who wrote in Eastern Estonian?
|
[
"Who wrote in Eastern Estonian? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108012
|
5acd2fe907355d001abf3856
|
Estonian_language
|
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.
|
Who wrote the grammar book in 1637?
|
Who wrote the grammar book in 1637?
|
[
"Who wrote the grammar book in 1637? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108013
|
56e3c21939bdeb14003478ea
|
Estonian_language
|
The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:
|
Which Estonian poet's works were printed from 1810 to 1820?
|
Which Estonian poet's works were printed from 1810 to 1820?
|
[
"Which Estonian poet's works were printed from 1810 to 1820?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Kristjan Jaak Peterson"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108014
|
56e3c21939bdeb14003478eb
|
Estonian_language
|
The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:
|
What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on?
|
What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on?
|
[
"What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on?"
] |
{
"text": [
"patriotic and philosophical"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108015
|
56e3c21939bdeb14003478ec
|
Estonian_language
|
The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:
|
When was Peterson born?
|
When was Peterson born?
|
[
"When was Peterson born?"
] |
{
"text": [
"March 14"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108016
|
56e3c21939bdeb14003478ed
|
Estonian_language
|
The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:
|
What is another name given for Peterson's birthday?
|
What is another name given for Peterson's birthday?
|
[
"What is another name given for Peterson's birthday?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Mother Tongue Day"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108017
|
56e3c21939bdeb14003478ee
|
Estonian_language
|
The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:
|
What university did Peterson attend?
|
What university did Peterson attend?
|
[
"What university did Peterson attend?"
] |
{
"text": [
"German-language University of Dorpat"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108018
|
5acd30aa07355d001abf3890
|
Estonian_language
|
The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:
|
Which Estonian playwright works were printed from 1810 to 1820?
|
Which Estonian playwright works were printed from 1810 to 1820?
|
[
"Which Estonian playwright works were printed from 1810 to 1820?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108019
|
5acd30aa07355d001abf3891
|
Estonian_language
|
The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:
|
What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson novels on?
|
What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson novels on?
|
[
" What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson novels on?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108020
|
5acd30aa07355d001abf3892
|
Estonian_language
|
The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:
|
Whose birthday is on March 13th?
|
Whose birthday is on March 13th?
|
[
"Whose birthday is on March 13th? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108021
|
5acd30aa07355d001abf3893
|
Estonian_language
|
The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:
|
What day is Father Tongue Day on?
|
What day is Father Tongue Day on?
|
[
"What day is Father Tongue Day on?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108022
|
5acd30aa07355d001abf3894
|
Estonian_language
|
The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:
|
What university was Peterson rejected from?
|
What university was Peterson rejected from?
|
[
" What university was Peterson rejected from?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108023
|
56e3c2db39bdeb14003478f4
|
Estonian_language
|
From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]
|
In the years between 1918 and 1940 how many Estonian language books were printed?
|
In the years between 1918 and 1940 how many Estonian language books were printed?
|
[
"In the years between 1918 and 1940 how many Estonian language books were printed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"23,868"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108024
|
56e3c2db39bdeb14003478f5
|
Estonian_language
|
From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]
|
In the roughly four centuries previous to 1918 how many Estonian language books were printed?
|
In the roughly four centuries previous to 1918 how many Estonian language books were printed?
|
[
"In the roughly four centuries previous to 1918 how many Estonian language books were printed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"14,503"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108025
|
56e3c2db39bdeb14003478f6
|
Estonian_language
|
From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]
|
In what language were 14,503 books published prior to 1918?
|
In what language were 14,503 books published prior to 1918?
|
[
"In what language were 14,503 books published prior to 1918?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Estonian"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108026
|
5acd312207355d001abf38a4
|
Estonian_language
|
From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]
|
How many books were published in Etonian before 1525?
|
How many books were published in Etonian before 1525?
|
[
"How many books were published in Etonian before 1525?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108027
|
5acd312207355d001abf38a5
|
Estonian_language
|
From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]
|
How many Estonian books were published after 1917 through today?
|
How many Estonian books were published after 1917 through today?
|
[
"How many Estonian books were published after 1917 through today?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108028
|
5acd312207355d001abf38a6
|
Estonian_language
|
From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]
|
How many books were published before 1918?
|
How many books were published before 1918?
|
[
"How many books were published before 1918?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108029
|
5acd312207355d001abf38a7
|
Estonian_language
|
From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]
|
How many books were published after 1940?
|
How many books were published after 1940?
|
[
"How many books were published after 1940?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108030
|
56e3c47839bdeb14003478fa
|
Estonian_language
|
Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.
|
What Age's ideas allowed Estonian writings to gain significance?
|
What Age's ideas allowed Estonian writings to gain significance?
|
[
"What Age's ideas allowed Estonian writings to gain significance?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Age of Enlightenment"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108031
|
56e3c47839bdeb14003478fb
|
Estonian_language
|
Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.
|
Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians?
|
Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians?
|
[
"Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Baltic Germans"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108032
|
56e3c47839bdeb14003478fc
|
Estonian_language
|
Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.
|
Who had admiration for the ancient Estonian culture?
|
Who had admiration for the ancient Estonian culture?
|
[
"Who had admiration for the ancient Estonian culture?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Estophile educated class"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108033
|
56e3c47839bdeb14003478fd
|
Estonian_language
|
Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.
|
Who conquered the ancient Estonians?
|
Who conquered the ancient Estonians?
|
[
"Who conquered the ancient Estonians?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Danes and Germans"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108034
|
56e3c47839bdeb14003478fe
|
Estonian_language
|
Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.
|
When did the ancient Estonian era of freedom come to an end?
|
When did the ancient Estonian era of freedom come to an end?
|
[
"When did the ancient Estonian era of freedom come to an end?"
] |
{
"text": [
"13th century"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108035
|
5acd317907355d001abf38b6
|
Estonian_language
|
Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.
|
What Age's ideas did not allow Estonian writings to gain significance?
|
What Age's ideas did not allow Estonian writings to gain significance?
|
[
" What Age's ideas did not allow Estonian writings to gain significance?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108036
|
5acd317907355d001abf38b7
|
Estonian_language
|
Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.
|
Who did not want their future to be fused with Estonians?
|
Who did not want their future to be fused with Estonians?
|
[
" Who did not want their future to be fused with Estonians?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108037
|
5acd317907355d001abf38b8
|
Estonian_language
|
Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.
|
Who had did not like the ancient Estonian culture?
|
Who had did not like the ancient Estonian culture?
|
[
" Who had did not like the ancient Estonian culture?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108038
|
5acd317907355d001abf38b9
|
Estonian_language
|
Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.
|
Who conquered the ancient Danes?
|
Who conquered the ancient Danes?
|
[
" Who conquered the ancient Danes?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108039
|
5acd317907355d001abf38ba
|
Estonian_language
|
Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.
|
Who conquered the ancient Germans?
|
Who conquered the ancient Germans?
|
[
" Who conquered the ancient Germans?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108040
|
56e3c50e39bdeb1400347904
|
Estonian_language
|
After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.
|
What year did Estonia's War of Independence take place?
|
What year did Estonia's War of Independence take place?
|
[
"What year did Estonia's War of Independence take place?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1919"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108041
|
56e3c50e39bdeb1400347905
|
Estonian_language
|
After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.
|
After Estonia achieved independence what was made their state language?
|
After Estonia achieved independence what was made their state language?
|
[
"After Estonia achieved independence what was made their state language?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Estonian"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108042
|
56e3c50f39bdeb1400347906
|
Estonian_language
|
After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.
|
What percentage of Estonians thought of themselves as ethnic Estonian's in 1945?
|
What percentage of Estonians thought of themselves as ethnic Estonian's in 1945?
|
[
"What percentage of Estonians thought of themselves as ethnic Estonian's in 1945?"
] |
{
"text": [
"97.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108043
|
56e3c50f39bdeb1400347907
|
Estonian_language
|
After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.
|
What language was spoken by ethnic Estonians?
|
What language was spoken by ethnic Estonians?
|
[
"What language was spoken by ethnic Estonians?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Estonian"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108044
|
5acd31de07355d001abf38c8
|
Estonian_language
|
After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.
|
What year did Estonia have a civil war?
|
What year did Estonia have a civil war?
|
[
"What year did Estonia have a civil war? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108045
|
5acd31de07355d001abf38c9
|
Estonian_language
|
After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.
|
What percentage of Estonians did not speak Estonian in 1945?
|
What percentage of Estonians did not speak Estonian in 1945?
|
[
"What percentage of Estonians did not speak Estonian in 1945?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108046
|
5acd31de07355d001abf38ca
|
Estonian_language
|
After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.
|
What war took place in 1945?
|
What war took place in 1945?
|
[
"What war took place in 1945?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108047
|
5acd31de07355d001abf38cb
|
Estonian_language
|
After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.
|
What language did ethnic Estonians refuse to speak?
|
What language did ethnic Estonians refuse to speak?
|
[
"What language did ethnic Estonians refuse to speak?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108048
|
5acd31de07355d001abf38cc
|
Estonian_language
|
After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.
|
What year did Estonia fail at getting independence?
|
What year did Estonia fail at getting independence?
|
[
"What year did Estonia fail at getting independence? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108049
|
56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaeed
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What happened to Estonia during WWII?
|
What happened to Estonia during WWII?
|
[
"What happened to Estonia during WWII?"
] |
{
"text": [
"invaded and occupied"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108050
|
56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaeee
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
Who invaded Estonia?
|
Who invaded Estonia?
|
[
"Who invaded Estonia?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108051
|
56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaeef
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
After the Soviet invasion what other language became the second official Estonian language?
|
After the Soviet invasion what other language became the second official Estonian language?
|
[
"After the Soviet invasion what other language became the second official Estonian language?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Russian"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108052
|
56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaef0
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What was another country with similar immigration patterns to post Soviet Estonia?
|
What was another country with similar immigration patterns to post Soviet Estonia?
|
[
"What was another country with similar immigration patterns to post Soviet Estonia?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Latvia"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108053
|
56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaef1
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What became more intense in the 1970's in Estonia?
|
What became more intense in the 1970's in Estonia?
|
[
"What became more intense in the 1970's in Estonia?"
] |
{
"text": [
"pressure of bilingualism"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108054
|
5acd328807355d001abf38e6
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What country did not occupy Estonia?
|
What country did not occupy Estonia?
|
[
"What country did not occupy Estonia? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108055
|
5acd328807355d001abf38e7
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What happened to Estonia during WWI from the Soviet Union?
|
What happened to Estonia during WWI from the Soviet Union?
|
[
"What happened to Estonia during WWI from the Soviet Union?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108056
|
5acd328807355d001abf38e8
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What became more intense in the early 1970's in Estonia?
|
What became more intense in the early 1970's in Estonia?
|
[
" What became more intense in the early 1970's in Estonia?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108057
|
5acd328807355d001abf38e9
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What is the third language of Estonia?
|
What is the third language of Estonia?
|
[
"What is the third language of Estonia? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108058
|
5acd328807355d001abf38ea
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What language was terms the "language of enemy nations"?
|
What language was terms the "language of enemy nations"?
|
[
"What language was terms the \"language of enemy nations\"?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108059
|
56e3c6788c00841900fbaef7
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What historical event once again freed Estonia?
|
What historical event once again freed Estonia?
|
[
"What historical event once again freed Estonia?"
] |
{
"text": [
"collapse of the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108060
|
56e3c6788c00841900fbaef8
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
Following the Soviet collapse what became the only official Estonian Language?
|
Following the Soviet collapse what became the only official Estonian Language?
|
[
"Following the Soviet collapse what became the only official Estonian Language?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Estonian"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108061
|
56e3c6788c00841900fbaef9
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?
|
What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?
|
[
"What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Russian"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108062
|
56e3c6788c00841900fbaefa
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What came into being in January 1989?
|
What came into being in January 1989?
|
[
"What came into being in January 1989?"
] |
{
"text": [
"The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108063
|
5acd32ff07355d001abf38fa
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What historical event once again enslaved Estonia?
|
What historical event once again enslaved Estonia?
|
[
"What historical event once again enslaved Estonia?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108064
|
5acd32ff07355d001abf38fb
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
Following the Soviet rise what became the only official Estonian Language?
|
Following the Soviet rise what became the only official Estonian Language?
|
[
"Following the Soviet rise what became the only official Estonian Language?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108065
|
5acd32ff07355d001abf38fc
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What language became less popular prior to the Soviet collapse?
|
What language became less popular prior to the Soviet collapse?
|
[
"What language became less popular prior to the Soviet collapse? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108066
|
5acd32ff07355d001abf38fd
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What came into being in February 1989?
|
What came into being in February 1989?
|
[
" What came into being in February 1989?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108067
|
5acd32ff07355d001abf38fe
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
When was Russian encouraged to be used in Estonia?
|
When was Russian encouraged to be used in Estonia?
|
[
"When was Russian encouraged to be used in Estonia?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108068
|
56e3c76639bdeb140034790e
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?
|
Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?
|
[
"Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?"
] |
{
"text": [
"above 70%"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108069
|
5acd3cb907355d001abf39cc
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
When Soviet immigrants joined Estonia, how many Estonians lived in Estonia?
|
When Soviet immigrants joined Estonia, how many Estonians lived in Estonia?
|
[
"When Soviet immigrants joined Estonia, how many Estonians lived in Estonia?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108070
|
5acd3cb907355d001abf39cd
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
How many native Estonians adopted Estonian?
|
How many native Estonians adopted Estonian?
|
[
"How many native Estonians adopted Estonian? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108071
|
5acd3cb907355d001abf39ce
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
What percentage of Estonians spoke Russian in 2000?
|
What percentage of Estonians spoke Russian in 2000?
|
[
"What percentage of Estonians spoke Russian in 2000?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108072
|
5acd3cb907355d001abf39cf
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
What percentage of Soviets spoke Estonian?
|
What percentage of Soviets spoke Estonian?
|
[
"What percentage of Soviets spoke Estonian? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108073
|
5acd3cb907355d001abf39d0
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
What percentage of Latvians spoke Russian?
|
What percentage of Latvians spoke Russian?
|
[
"What percentage of Latvians spoke Russian? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108074
|
56e427248c00841900fbaeff
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
How many groups of Estonian dialects are there?
|
How many groups of Estonian dialects are there?
|
[
"How many groups of Estonian dialects are there?"
] |
{
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108075
|
56e427248c00841900fbaf00
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What are the names of the Estonian dialect groups?
|
What are the names of the Estonian dialect groups?
|
[
"What are the names of the Estonian dialect groups?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the northern and southern dialects"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108076
|
56e427248c00841900fbaf01
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What is the northern city to which the northern dialect is associated?
|
What is the northern city to which the northern dialect is associated?
|
[
"What is the northern city to which the northern dialect is associated?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Tallinn"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108077
|
56e427248c00841900fbaf02
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
Where is the kirderanniku dialect spoken?
|
Where is the kirderanniku dialect spoken?
|
[
"Where is the kirderanniku dialect spoken?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the northeastern coast of Estonia"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108078
|
56e427248c00841900fbaf03
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What is the city where the southern dialect was historically spoken?
|
What is the city where the southern dialect was historically spoken?
|
[
"What is the city where the southern dialect was historically spoken?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Tartu"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108079
|
5acd3d4907355d001abf39ea
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What city is north of Tallinn?
|
What city is north of Tallinn?
|
[
"What city is north of Tallinn? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108080
|
5acd3d4907355d001abf39eb
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What city is south of Tartu?
|
What city is south of Tartu?
|
[
"What city is south of Tartu? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108081
|
5acd3d4907355d001abf39ec
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What is the city where the eastern dialect was historically spoken?
|
What is the city where the eastern dialect was historically spoken?
|
[
"What is the city where the eastern dialect was historically spoken?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108082
|
5acd3d4907355d001abf39ed
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
Where is the kirderanniku dialect not spoken?
|
Where is the kirderanniku dialect not spoken?
|
[
" Where is the kirderanniku dialect not spoken?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108083
|
56e428b08c00841900fbaf09
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What dialect is also known as the central dialect?
|
What dialect is also known as the central dialect?
|
[
"What dialect is also known as the central dialect?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the keskmurre"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108084
|
56e428b08c00841900fbaf0a
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What is the dialect from Lake Peipsi?
|
What is the dialect from Lake Peipsi?
|
[
"What is the dialect from Lake Peipsi?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the idamurre or eastern dialect"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108085
|
56e428b08c00841900fbaf0b
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre?
|
What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre?
|
[
"What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Saaremaa and Hiiumaa"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108086
|
56e428b08c00841900fbaf0c
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What is another name for Estonian's northern group's western dialect?
|
What is another name for Estonian's northern group's western dialect?
|
[
"What is another name for Estonian's northern group's western dialect?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the läänemurre"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108087
|
5acd3dc207355d001abf39f2
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What dialect is also known as the middle dialect?
|
What dialect is also known as the middle dialect?
|
[
"What dialect is also known as the middle dialect?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108088
|
5acd3dc207355d001abf39f3
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What is the dialect from the city of Peipsi?
|
What is the dialect from the city of Peipsi?
|
[
" What is the dialect from the city of Peipsi?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108089
|
5acd3dc207355d001abf39f4
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What dialects of the southern group are spoken on the saarte murre?
|
What dialects of the southern group are spoken on the saarte murre?
|
[
"What dialects of the southern group are spoken on the saarte murre?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108090
|
5acd3dc207355d001abf39f5
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What is another name for Estonian's southern dialect?
|
What is another name for Estonian's southern dialect?
|
[
"What is another name for Estonian's southern dialect?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108091
|
56e429db8c00841900fbaf11
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
What dialects comprise the southern group?
|
What dialects comprise the southern group?
|
[
"What dialects comprise the southern group?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108092
|
56e429db8c00841900fbaf12
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
More importantly than their language aspect how do the Seto and Võro dialects set themselves apart from each other?
|
More importantly than their language aspect how do the Seto and Võro dialects set themselves apart from each other?
|
[
"More importantly than their language aspect how do the Seto and Võro dialects set themselves apart from each other?"
] |
{
"text": [
"their culture"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108093
|
56e429db8c00841900fbaf13
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered?
|
Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered?
|
[
"Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered?"
] |
{
"text": [
"separate languages altogether"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108094
|
56e429db8c00841900fbaf14
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
What religion is associated with Seto and Võro?
|
What religion is associated with Seto and Võro?
|
[
"What religion is associated with Seto and Võro?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Christian"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108095
|
5acd3e2807355d001abf3a04
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
What dialects do not comprise the southern group?
|
What dialects do not comprise the southern group?
|
[
" What dialects do not comprise the southern group?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108096
|
5acd3e2807355d001abf3a05
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
How are the seto and voro communties similar?
|
How are the seto and voro communties similar?
|
[
"How are the seto and voro communties similar?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108097
|
5acd3e2807355d001abf3a06
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
What religion is rejected by the Seto and Võro?
|
What religion is rejected by the Seto and Võro?
|
[
" What religion is rejected by the Seto and Võro?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108098
|
56e42a7f8c00841900fbaf19
|
Estonian_language
|
Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.
|
From what script does the Estonian language get its alphabet?
|
From what script does the Estonian language get its alphabet?
|
[
"From what script does the Estonian language get its alphabet?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-108099
|
56e42a7f8c00841900fbaf1a
|
Estonian_language
|
Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.
|
What is another language that uses Latin for its alphabet?
|
What is another language that uses Latin for its alphabet?
|
[
"What is another language that uses Latin for its alphabet?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Finnish"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
}
|
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