gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-108100 | 56e42a7f8c00841900fbaf1b | Estonian_language | Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced simila... | In the Estonian language how is the letter A pronounced? | In the Estonian language how is the letter A pronounced? | [
"In the Estonian language how is the letter A pronounced?"
] | {
"text": [
"[æ], as in English mat"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108101 | 5acd3eba07355d001abf3a12 | Estonian_language | Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced simila... | From what script does the Swedish language get its alphabet? | From what script does the Swedish language get its alphabet? | [
" From what script does the Swedish language get its alphabet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108102 | 5acd3eba07355d001abf3a13 | Estonian_language | Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced simila... | From what script does the German language get its alphabet? | From what script does the German language get its alphabet? | [
" From what script does the German language get its alphabet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108103 | 5acd3eba07355d001abf3a14 | Estonian_language | Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced simila... | What vowels are not separate phonemes? | What vowels are not separate phonemes? | [
"What vowels are not separate phonemes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108104 | 5acd3eba07355d001abf3a15 | Estonian_language | Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced simila... | What letters are not limited to proper names of foreign origin? | What letters are not limited to proper names of foreign origin? | [
"What letters are not limited to proper names of foreign origin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108105 | 56e42c8439bdeb1400347912 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography? | What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography? | [
"What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography?"
] | {
"text": [
"phonemic principles"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108106 | 56e42c8439bdeb1400347913 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | To how many phoneme's does each grapheme correspond? | To how many phoneme's does each grapheme correspond? | [
"To how many phoneme's does each grapheme correspond?"
] | {
"text": [
"one"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108107 | 56e42c8439bdeb1400347914 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle? | What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle? | [
"What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle?"
] | {
"text": [
"some historical and morphological deviations"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108108 | 56e42c8439bdeb1400347915 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh? | On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh? | [
"On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh?"
] | {
"text": [
"Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108109 | 56e42c8439bdeb1400347916 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative? | What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative? | [
"What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pasha (pas-ha)"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108110 | 5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a42 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | What principles never govern the Estonian orthography? | What principles never govern the Estonian orthography? | [
" What principles never govern the Estonian orthography?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108111 | 5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a43 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | On what occasions are š and ž replaced with ch and zu? | On what occasions are š and ž replaced with ch and zu? | [
"On what occasions are š and ž replaced with ch and zu?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108112 | 5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a44 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | What is an example of a word not containing a voiceless glottal fricative? | What is an example of a word not containing a voiceless glottal fricative? | [
" What is an example of a word not containing a voiceless glottal fricative?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108113 | 5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a45 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | Foreign names are not considered what? | Foreign names are not considered what? | [
"Foreign names are not considered what? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108114 | 56e42e3739bdeb140034791c | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis? | In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis? | [
" In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Newer Orthography"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108115 | 56e42e3739bdeb140034791d | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | Who is responsible for the creation of the Newer Orthography? | Who is responsible for the creation of the Newer Orthography? | [
"Who is responsible for the creation of the Newer Orthography?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eduard Ahrens"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108116 | 56e42e3739bdeb140034791e | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | In what century was the Newer Orthography created? | In what century was the Newer Orthography created? | [
"In what century was the Newer Orthography created?"
] | {
"text": [
"19th century"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108117 | 56e42e3739bdeb140034791f | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place? | Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place? | [
"Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place?"
] | {
"text": [
"Older Orthography"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108118 | 56e42e3739bdeb1400347920 | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | From what other country's orthography did the Older Orthography get its basis? | From what other country's orthography did the Older Orthography get its basis? | [
"From what other country's orthography did the Older Orthography get its basis?"
] | {
"text": [
"standard German orthography"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108119 | 5acd401307355d001abf3a52 | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography reject? | In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography reject? | [
"In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography reject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108120 | 5acd401307355d001abf3a53 | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | When was Eduard Ahrens born? | When was Eduard Ahrens born? | [
"When was Eduard Ahrens born? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108121 | 5acd401307355d001abf3a54 | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | When did Eduard Ahrens die? | When did Eduard Ahrens die? | [
"When did Eduard Ahrens die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108122 | 5acd401307355d001abf3a55 | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | When did Newer Orthography end? | When did Newer Orthography end? | [
"When did Newer Orthography end? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108123 | 5acd401307355d001abf3a56 | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | When did German orthography stop being influential? | When did German orthography stop being influential? | [
"When did German orthography stop being influential?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108124 | 56e42f658c00841900fbaf1f | Estonian_language | It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g.... | In Soviet international publications what language's transliteration are Estonian words and names often back-transliterations from? | In Soviet international publications what language's transliteration are Estonian words and names often back-transliterations from? | [
"In Soviet international publications what language's transliteration are Estonian words and names often back-transliterations from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russian"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108125 | 56e42f658c00841900fbaf20 | Estonian_language | It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g.... | What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian? | What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian? | [
"What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian?"
] | {
"text": [
"Encyclopædia Britannica"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108126 | 56e42f658c00841900fbaf21 | Estonian_language | It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g.... | What is the Russian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica? | What is the Russian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica? | [
"What is the Russian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"ostrov Khiuma\""
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108127 | 5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7a | Estonian_language | It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g.... | What famous encyclopedia contains a Estonian back-transliteration of Russian? | What famous encyclopedia contains a Estonian back-transliteration of Russian? | [
"What famous encyclopedia contains a Estonian back-transliteration of Russian?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108128 | 5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7b | Estonian_language | It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g.... | What is the Estonian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica? | What is the Estonian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica? | [
"What is the Estonian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108129 | 5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7c | Estonian_language | It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g.... | What is the Estonian translation of ostrov? | What is the Estonian translation of ostrov? | [
"What is the Estonian translation of ostrov?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108130 | 5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7d | Estonian_language | It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g.... | What is the Estonian translation of Khiuma? | What is the Estonian translation of Khiuma? | [
"What is the Estonian translation of Khiuma?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108131 | 56e4300a8c00841900fbaf25 | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What is the typological form of Estonian? | What is the typological form of Estonian? | [
"What is the typological form of Estonian?"
] | {
"text": [
"transitional"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108132 | 56e4300a8c00841900fbaf26 | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What is Estonian typologically transitioning from? | What is Estonian typologically transitioning from? | [
"What is Estonian typologically transitioning from?"
] | {
"text": [
"an agglutinating language"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108133 | 56e4300a8c00841900fbaf27 | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What sort of form is Estonian transitioning into? | What sort of form is Estonian transitioning into? | [
"What sort of form is Estonian transitioning into?"
] | {
"text": [
"a fusional language"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108134 | 56e4300a8c00841900fbaf28 | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | How are words ordered in Estonian canonically? | How are words ordered in Estonian canonically? | [
"How are words ordered in Estonian canonically?"
] | {
"text": [
"subject–verb–object"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108135 | 5acd412607355d001abf3a8b | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What is not the typological form of Estonian? | What is not the typological form of Estonian? | [
" What is not the typological form of Estonian?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108136 | 5acd412607355d001abf3a8c | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into? | What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into? | [
" What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108137 | 5acd412607355d001abf3a8d | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What is the incorrect order of words in Estonian canonically? | What is the incorrect order of words in Estonian canonically? | [
"What is the incorrect order of words in Estonian canonically?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108138 | 56e431558c00841900fbaf2e | Estonian_language | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | What language lacks gendered nouns and pronouns? | What language lacks gendered nouns and pronouns? | [
"What language lacks gendered nouns and pronouns?"
] | {
"text": [
"Estonian"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108139 | 56e431558c00841900fbaf2f | Estonian_language | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | In the nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative cases what always agrees with the noun in number and case? | In the nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative cases what always agrees with the noun in number and case? | [
"In the nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative cases what always agrees with the noun in number and case?"
] | {
"text": [
"adjectives"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108140 | 5acd427d07355d001abf3ade | Estonian_language | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | What language relies on gendered nouns and pronouns? | What language relies on gendered nouns and pronouns? | [
"What language relies on gendered nouns and pronouns?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108141 | 5acd427d07355d001abf3adf | Estonian_language | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | In nominative cases what never agrees with the noun in number and case? | In nominative cases what never agrees with the noun in number and case? | [
"In nominative cases what never agrees with the noun in number and case?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108142 | 5acd427d07355d001abf3ae0 | Estonian_language | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | What is "a yellow house" in Finnish? | What is "a yellow house" in Finnish? | [
"What is \"a yellow house\" in Finnish? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108143 | 5acd427d07355d001abf3ae1 | Estonian_language | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | How many cases to verbs decline? | How many cases to verbs decline? | [
"How many cases to verbs decline?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108144 | 56e431f98c00841900fbaf33 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | What other language has a telicity contrast? | What other language has a telicity contrast? | [
"What other language has a telicity contrast?"
] | {
"text": [
"Finnish"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108145 | 56e431f98c00841900fbaf34 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | Aside from the accusative, where can the direct object of the verb be found? | Aside from the accusative, where can the direct object of the verb be found? | [
"Aside from the accusative, where can the direct object of the verb be found?"
] | {
"text": [
"partitive"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108146 | 56e431f98c00841900fbaf35 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | What is the accusative used for? | What is the accusative used for? | [
"What is the accusative used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"total objects"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108147 | 5acd435307355d001abf3b04 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | What language does not have a telicity contrast? | What language does not have a telicity contrast? | [
"What language does not have a telicity contrast?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108148 | 5acd435307355d001abf3b05 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | Where can the direct object of the noun be found? | Where can the direct object of the noun be found? | [
"Where can the direct object of the noun be found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108149 | 5acd435307355d001abf3b06 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | Why is the accusative rejected? | Why is the accusative rejected? | [
" Why is the accusative rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108150 | 5acd435307355d001abf3b07 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | What is an example of a partial object? | What is an example of a partial object? | [
"What is an example of a partial object?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108151 | 5acd435307355d001abf3b08 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | What does a transitive noun create? | What does a transitive noun create? | [
"What does a transitive noun create?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108152 | 56e432a68c00841900fbaf39 | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | From what system is a distinctive future tense lacking? | From what system is a distinctive future tense lacking? | [
"From what system is a distinctive future tense lacking?"
] | {
"text": [
"verbal system"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108153 | 56e432a68c00841900fbaf3a | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | What is used in place of the future tense? | What is used in place of the future tense? | [
"What is used in place of the future tense?"
] | {
"text": [
"present tense"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108154 | 56e432a68c00841900fbaf3b | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an undecided subject? | What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an undecided subject? | [
"What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an undecided subject?"
] | {
"text": [
"special forms"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108155 | 5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2a | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | From what system is a distinctive future tense prominent? | From what system is a distinctive future tense prominent? | [
" From what system is a distinctive future tense prominent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108156 | 5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2b | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | What is used in place of the past tense? | What is used in place of the past tense? | [
"What is used in place of the past tense?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108157 | 5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2c | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an determined subject? | What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an determined subject? | [
"What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an determined subject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108158 | 5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2d | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | What is performed by the undetermined subject? | What is performed by the undetermined subject? | [
"What is performed by the undetermined subject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108159 | 56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf3f | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? | Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? | [
"Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Germanic languages"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108160 | 56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf40 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary? | What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary? | [
"What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary?"
] | {
"text": [
"Low Saxon"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108161 | 56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf41 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language? | When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language? | [
"When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language?"
] | {
"text": [
"during the period of German rule"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108162 | 56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf42 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? | From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? | [
"From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary?"
] | {
"text": [
"High German"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108163 | 56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf43 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | Standard German is part of what Germanic language? | Standard German is part of what Germanic language? | [
"Standard German is part of what Germanic language?"
] | {
"text": [
"High German"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108164 | 5acd45d907355d001abf3b9a | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | What language does Estonian have very close origins with? | What language does Estonian have very close origins with? | [
"What language does Estonian have very close origins with? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108165 | 5acd45d907355d001abf3b9b | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | When did Low Saxon stop being part of the Estonian language? | When did Low Saxon stop being part of the Estonian language? | [
"When did Low Saxon stop being part of the Estonian language?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108166 | 5acd45d907355d001abf3b9c | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | From what non-Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? | From what non-Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? | [
"From what non-Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108167 | 5acd45d907355d001abf3b9d | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | Non-Standard German is part of what Germanic language? | Non-Standard German is part of what Germanic language? | [
"Non-Standard German is part of what Germanic language?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108168 | 5acd45d907355d001abf3b9e | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | Less than 30 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? | Less than 30 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? | [
"Less than 30 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108169 | 56e43b098c00841900fbaf49 | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | What two letters can be replaced with each other a lot of the time in Estonian? | What two letters can be replaced with each other a lot of the time in Estonian? | [
"What two letters can be replaced with each other a lot of the time in Estonian?"
] | {
"text": [
"'b' & 'p'"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108170 | 56e43b098c00841900fbaf4a | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | What happens in many cases when a word starts with an 's'? | What happens in many cases when a word starts with an 's'? | [
"What happens in many cases when a word starts with an 's'?"
] | {
"text": [
"The initial letter 's' is often dropped"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108171 | 56e43b098c00841900fbaf4b | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | In an example of replacing 'b' with 'p' how is 'baggage' pronounced? | In an example of replacing 'b' with 'p' how is 'baggage' pronounced? | [
"In an example of replacing 'b' with 'p' how is 'baggage' pronounced?"
] | {
"text": [
"pagas"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108172 | 5acd465c07355d001abf3bae | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | What two letters can never be replaced with each other in Estonian? | What two letters can never be replaced with each other in Estonian? | [
"What two letters can never be replaced with each other in Estonian?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108173 | 5acd465c07355d001abf3baf | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | What happens to the first letter when a word starts with an 'L'? | What happens to the first letter when a word starts with an 'L'? | [
" What happens to the first letter when a word starts with an 'L'?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108174 | 5acd465c07355d001abf3bb0 | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | In an example of replacing 's' with 'g' how is 'baggage' pronounced? | In an example of replacing 's' with 'g' how is 'baggage' pronounced? | [
"In an example of replacing 's' with 'g' how is 'baggage' pronounced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108175 | 5acd465c07355d001abf3bb1 | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | What word does Tool become when you apply the interchangeable rule? | What word does Tool become when you apply the interchangeable rule? | [
"What word does Tool become when you apply the interchangeable rule?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108176 | 5acd465c07355d001abf3bb2 | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | What word does Loopima become when you drop the appropriate letter? | What word does Loopima become when you drop the appropriate letter? | [
"What word does Loopima become when you drop the appropriate letter?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108177 | 56e43be78c00841900fbaf4f | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | Who was the journalist who was also a language planner? | Who was the journalist who was also a language planner? | [
"Who was the journalist who was also a language planner?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ado Grenzstein"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108178 | 56e43be78c00841900fbaf50 | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Estonia? | In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Estonia? | [
"In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Estonia?"
] | {
"text": [
"1870s–90s"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108179 | 56e43be78c00841900fbaf51 | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | What is another term for making up words from nothing? | What is another term for making up words from nothing? | [
"What is another term for making up words from nothing?"
] | {
"text": [
"formation ex nihilo"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108180 | 56e43be78c00841900fbaf52 | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | Who in the course of their language planning attempted to use the formation ex nihilo technique? | Who in the course of their language planning attempted to use the formation ex nihilo technique? | [
"Who in the course of their language planning attempted to use the formation ex nihilo technique?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ado Grenzstein"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108181 | 5acd469e07355d001abf3bb8 | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | Who was the journalist refused to be a language planner? | Who was the journalist refused to be a language planner? | [
" Who was the journalist refused to be a language planner?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108182 | 5acd469e07355d001abf3bb9 | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Germany? | In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Germany? | [
" In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Germany?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108183 | 5acd469e07355d001abf3bba | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | When was Ado Grenzstein born? | When was Ado Grenzstein born? | [
"When was Ado Grenzstein born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108184 | 5acd469e07355d001abf3bbb | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | When did Ado Grenzstein die? | When did Ado Grenzstein die? | [
"When did Ado Grenzstein die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108185 | 5acd469e07355d001abf3bbc | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | What is the word for creating new words out of old words? | What is the word for creating new words out of old words? | [
"What is the word for creating new words out of old words?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108186 | 56e43d238c00841900fbaf57 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known? | Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known? | [
"Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known?"
] | {
"text": [
"Johannes Aavik"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108187 | 56e43d238c00841900fbaf58 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik was alive? | What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik was alive? | [
"What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik was alive?"
] | {
"text": [
"1880–1973"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108188 | 56e43d238c00841900fbaf59 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of nothing? | What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of nothing? | [
"What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of nothing?"
] | {
"text": [
"creations ex nihilo"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108189 | 56e43d238c00841900fbaf5a | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found? | In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found? | [
"In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aavik’s dictionary"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108190 | 56e43d238c00841900fbaf5b | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | How many words did Aavik put in his dictionary? | How many words did Aavik put in his dictionary? | [
"How many words did Aavik put in his dictionary?"
] | {
"text": [
"approximately 4000"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108191 | 5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd6 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the least well known? | Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the least well known? | [
"Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the least well known?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108192 | 5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd7 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik lived in Germany? | What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik lived in Germany? | [
" What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik lived in Germany?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108193 | 5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd8 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of old words? | What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of old words? | [
"What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of old words?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108194 | 5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd9 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | In what publication were examples of ex nihilo words eliminated? | In what publication were examples of ex nihilo words eliminated? | [
" In what publication were examples of ex nihilo words eliminated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108195 | 5acd46eb07355d001abf3bda | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | What dictionary has under 3000 words? | What dictionary has under 3000 words? | [
"What dictionary has under 3000 words?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108196 | 56e43df08c00841900fbaf61 | Estonian_language | Many of the coinages that have been considered (often by Aavik himself) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish. Aavik had a broad classical education and knew Ancient Greek, Latin and French. Con... | What languages did Aavik know? | What languages did Aavik know? | [
"What languages did Aavik know?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ancient Greek, Latin and French"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108197 | 56e43df08c00841900fbaf62 | Estonian_language | Many of the coinages that have been considered (often by Aavik himself) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish. Aavik had a broad classical education and knew Ancient Greek, Latin and French. Con... | When was Aavik's dictionary published? | When was Aavik's dictionary published? | [
"When was Aavik's dictionary published?"
] | {
"text": [
"1921"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108198 | 56e43df08c00841900fbaf63 | Estonian_language | Many of the coinages that have been considered (often by Aavik himself) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish. Aavik had a broad classical education and knew Ancient Greek, Latin and French. Con... | What is another term for words created by Aavik? | What is another term for words created by Aavik? | [
"What is another term for words created by Aavik?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aavikisms"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108199 | 56e43df08c00841900fbaf64 | Estonian_language | Many of the coinages that have been considered (often by Aavik himself) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish. Aavik had a broad classical education and knew Ancient Greek, Latin and French. Con... | Instead of being created from nothing Aavik's ex nihilo terms are thought to actually possibly have been influenced by what? | Instead of being created from nothing Aavik's ex nihilo terms are thought to actually possibly have been influenced by what? | [
"Instead of being created from nothing Aavik's ex nihilo terms are thought to actually possibly have been influenced by what?"
] | {
"text": [
"foreign lexical items"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
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