gem_id
stringlengths 20
25
| id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringlengths 3
59
| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
270
| target
stringlengths 1
270
| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-110000
|
5ad3f2f4604f3c001a3ff8d6
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
In a five-to-four decision, the Supreme Court struck down the impositions of the death penalty in each of the consolidated cases as unconstitutional. The five justices in the majority did not produce a common opinion or rationale for their decision, however, and agreed only on a short statement announcing the result. The narrowest opinions, those of Byron White and Potter Stewart, expressed generalized concerns about the inconsistent application of the death penalty across a variety of cases but did not exclude the possibility of a constitutional death penalty law. Stewart and William O. Douglas worried explicitly about racial discrimination in enforcement of the death penalty. Thurgood Marshall and William J. Brennan, Jr. expressed the opinion that the death penalty was proscribed absolutely by the Eighth Amendment as "cruel and unusual" punishment.
|
Along with Stewart, what Supreme Court justice was unconcerned about racial disparity in death penalty enforcement?
|
Along with Stewart, what Supreme Court justice was unconcerned about racial disparity in death penalty enforcement?
|
[
"Along with Stewart, what Supreme Court justice was unconcerned about racial disparity in death penalty enforcement?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110001
|
5ad3f2f4604f3c001a3ff8d7
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
In a five-to-four decision, the Supreme Court struck down the impositions of the death penalty in each of the consolidated cases as unconstitutional. The five justices in the majority did not produce a common opinion or rationale for their decision, however, and agreed only on a short statement announcing the result. The narrowest opinions, those of Byron White and Potter Stewart, expressed generalized concerns about the inconsistent application of the death penalty across a variety of cases but did not exclude the possibility of a constitutional death penalty law. Stewart and William O. Douglas worried explicitly about racial discrimination in enforcement of the death penalty. Thurgood Marshall and William J. Brennan, Jr. expressed the opinion that the death penalty was proscribed absolutely by the Eighth Amendment as "cruel and unusual" punishment.
|
Aside from Stewart, what justice believed that the death penalty could be unconstitutional?
|
Aside from Stewart, what justice believed that the death penalty could be unconstitutional?
|
[
"Aside from Stewart, what justice believed that the death penalty could be unconstitutional?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110002
|
57101113a58dae1900cd6858
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
In total, 156 prisoners have been either acquitted, or received pardons or commutations on the basis of possible innocence, between 1973 to 2015. Death penalty opponents often argue that this statistic shows how perilously close states have come to undertaking wrongful executions; proponents point out that the statistic refers only to those exonerated in law, and that the truly innocent may be a smaller number. Statistics likely understate the actual problem of wrongful convictions because once an execution has occurred there is often insufficient motivation and finance to keep a case open, and it becomes unlikely at that point that the miscarriage of justice will ever be exposed.
|
Between 1973 and 2015, how amny prisoners were acquitted or received pardons or commutations of their death sentences due to possible innocence?
|
Between 1973 and 2015, how amny prisoners were acquitted or received pardons or commutations of their death sentences due to possible innocence?
|
[
"Between 1973 and 2015, how amny prisoners were acquitted or received pardons or commutations of their death sentences due to possible innocence?"
] |
{
"text": [
"156"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110003
|
5ad3fb07604f3c001a3ffb39
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
In total, 156 prisoners have been either acquitted, or received pardons or commutations on the basis of possible innocence, between 1973 to 2015. Death penalty opponents often argue that this statistic shows how perilously close states have come to undertaking wrongful executions; proponents point out that the statistic refers only to those exonerated in law, and that the truly innocent may be a smaller number. Statistics likely understate the actual problem of wrongful convictions because once an execution has occurred there is often insufficient motivation and finance to keep a case open, and it becomes unlikely at that point that the miscarriage of justice will ever be exposed.
|
Between 1973 and 2015, how many prisoners were acquitted or received pardons or commutations of their death sentences due to possible guilt?
|
Between 1973 and 2015, how many prisoners were acquitted or received pardons or commutations of their death sentences due to possible guilt?
|
[
"Between 1973 and 2015, how many prisoners were acquitted or received pardons or commutations of their death sentences due to possible guilt?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110004
|
5ad3fb07604f3c001a3ffb3a
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
In total, 156 prisoners have been either acquitted, or received pardons or commutations on the basis of possible innocence, between 1973 to 2015. Death penalty opponents often argue that this statistic shows how perilously close states have come to undertaking wrongful executions; proponents point out that the statistic refers only to those exonerated in law, and that the truly innocent may be a smaller number. Statistics likely understate the actual problem of wrongful convictions because once an execution has occurred there is often insufficient motivation and finance to keep a case open, and it becomes unlikely at that point that the miscarriage of justice will ever be exposed.
|
What happened in 2016?
|
What happened in 2016?
|
[
"What happened in 2016?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110005
|
5ad3fb07604f3c001a3ffb3b
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
In total, 156 prisoners have been either acquitted, or received pardons or commutations on the basis of possible innocence, between 1973 to 2015. Death penalty opponents often argue that this statistic shows how perilously close states have come to undertaking wrongful executions; proponents point out that the statistic refers only to those exonerated in law, and that the truly innocent may be a smaller number. Statistics likely understate the actual problem of wrongful convictions because once an execution has occurred there is often insufficient motivation and finance to keep a case open, and it becomes unlikely at that point that the miscarriage of justice will ever be exposed.
|
What happened in 1970?
|
What happened in 1970?
|
[
"What happened in 1970?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110006
|
5ad3fb07604f3c001a3ffb3c
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
In total, 156 prisoners have been either acquitted, or received pardons or commutations on the basis of possible innocence, between 1973 to 2015. Death penalty opponents often argue that this statistic shows how perilously close states have come to undertaking wrongful executions; proponents point out that the statistic refers only to those exonerated in law, and that the truly innocent may be a smaller number. Statistics likely understate the actual problem of wrongful convictions because once an execution has occurred there is often insufficient motivation and finance to keep a case open, and it becomes unlikely at that point that the miscarriage of justice will ever be exposed.
|
Who supported this statistic?
|
Who supported this statistic?
|
[
"Who supported this statistic?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110007
|
57101180b654c5140001f7ad
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.
|
What percentage of murderers in the United States are given a death sentence?
|
What percentage of murderers in the United States are given a death sentence?
|
[
"What percentage of murderers in the United States are given a death sentence?"
] |
{
"text": [
"2.5"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110008
|
57101180b654c5140001f7ae
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.
|
How many murderers in Nevada were given a capital sentence?
|
How many murderers in Nevada were given a capital sentence?
|
[
"How many murderers in Nevada were given a capital sentence?"
] |
{
"text": [
"6"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110009
|
57101180b654c5140001f7af
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.
|
What state notably executes 40% of those given the death penalty?
|
What state notably executes 40% of those given the death penalty?
|
[
"What state notably executes 40% of those given the death penalty?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Texas"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110010
|
57101180b654c5140001f7b0
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.
|
What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently executed?
|
What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently executed?
|
[
"What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently executed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110011
|
57101180b654c5140001f7b1
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.
|
How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the national average?
|
How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the national average?
|
[
"How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the national average?"
] |
{
"text": [
"four times"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110012
|
5ad3fcf2604f3c001a3ffbc1
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.
|
What percentage of murderers in the United States aren't given a death sentence?
|
What percentage of murderers in the United States aren't given a death sentence?
|
[
"What percentage of murderers in the United States aren't given a death sentence?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110013
|
5ad3fcf2604f3c001a3ffbc2
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.
|
How many murderers in Nevada weren't given a capital sentence?
|
How many murderers in Nevada weren't given a capital sentence?
|
[
" How many murderers in Nevada weren't given a capital sentence?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110014
|
5ad3fcf2604f3c001a3ffbc3
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.
|
What state notably executes 80% of those given the death penalty?
|
What state notably executes 80% of those given the death penalty?
|
[
"What state notably executes 80% of those given the death penalty?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110015
|
5ad3fcf2604f3c001a3ffbc4
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.
|
What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently freed?
|
What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently freed?
|
[
"What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently freed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110016
|
5ad3fcf2604f3c001a3ffbc5
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.
|
How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the international average?
|
How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the international average?
|
[
"How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the international average?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110017
|
57101271b654c5140001f7b7
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.
|
Under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, about how many crimes were punishable by death?
|
Under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, about how many crimes were punishable by death?
|
[
"Under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, about how many crimes were punishable by death?"
] |
{
"text": [
"fifty"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110018
|
57101271b654c5140001f7b8
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.
|
What body passed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988?
|
What body passed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988?
|
[
"What body passed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Congress"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110019
|
57101271b654c5140001f7b9
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.
|
What is another term for the act of spying for another country?
|
What is another term for the act of spying for another country?
|
[
"What is another term for the act of spying for another country?"
] |
{
"text": [
"espionage"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110020
|
57101271b654c5140001f7ba
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.
|
Along with treason and espionage, what non-death offense is still a federal capital crime?
|
Along with treason and espionage, what non-death offense is still a federal capital crime?
|
[
"Along with treason and espionage, what non-death offense is still a federal capital crime?"
] |
{
"text": [
"high-level drug trafficking"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110021
|
5ad3f5af604f3c001a3ff9a3
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.
|
Under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1998 and Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, about how many crimes were punishable by death?
|
Under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1998 and Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, about how many crimes were punishable by death?
|
[
"Under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1998 and Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, about how many crimes were punishable by death?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110022
|
5ad3f5af604f3c001a3ff9a4
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.
|
What body failed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988?
|
What body failed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988?
|
[
"What body failed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110023
|
5ad3f5af604f3c001a3ff9a5
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.
|
What is another term for the act of spying on another country?
|
What is another term for the act of spying on another country?
|
[
" What is another term for the act of spying on another country?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110024
|
5ad3f5af604f3c001a3ff9a6
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.
|
Along with treason and espionage, what death offense is still a federal capital crime?
|
Along with treason and espionage, what death offense is still a federal capital crime?
|
[
"Along with treason and espionage, what death offense is still a federal capital crime?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110025
|
571012cbb654c5140001f7bf
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.
|
Who was executed on January 17, 1977?
|
Who was executed on January 17, 1977?
|
[
"Who was executed on January 17, 1977?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Gary Gilmore"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110026
|
571012cbb654c5140001f7c0
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.
|
By what method was Gary Gilmore executed?
|
By what method was Gary Gilmore executed?
|
[
"By what method was Gary Gilmore executed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"firing squad"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110027
|
571012cbb654c5140001f7c2
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.
|
Aside from Gary Gilmore, how many people were executed in the United States between January 17, 1977 and 1984?
|
Aside from Gary Gilmore, how many people were executed in the United States between January 17, 1977 and 1984?
|
[
"Aside from Gary Gilmore, how many people were executed in the United States between January 17, 1977 and 1984?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ten"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110028
|
571012cbb654c5140001f7c3
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.
|
What tactic did inmates on death row use to delay their executions?
|
What tactic did inmates on death row use to delay their executions?
|
[
"What tactic did inmates on death row use to delay their executions?"
] |
{
"text": [
"filing repeated writs of habeas corpus"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110029
|
5ad3f442604f3c001a3ff935
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.
|
Who was pardoned on January 17, 1977?
|
Who was pardoned on January 17, 1977?
|
[
"Who was pardoned on January 17, 1977?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110030
|
5ad3f442604f3c001a3ff936
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.
|
By what method was Gary Gilmore let go free?
|
By what method was Gary Gilmore let go free?
|
[
" By what method was Gary Gilmore let go free?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110031
|
5ad3f442604f3c001a3ff937
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.
|
Aside from Gary Gilmore, how many people were executed in the United States between January 17, 1987 and 1987?
|
Aside from Gary Gilmore, how many people were executed in the United States between January 17, 1987 and 1987?
|
[
"Aside from Gary Gilmore, how many people were executed in the United States between January 17, 1987 and 1987?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110032
|
5ad3f442604f3c001a3ff938
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.
|
What tactic did inmates on death row use to delay their release?
|
What tactic did inmates on death row use to delay their release?
|
[
"What tactic did inmates on death row use to delay their release?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110033
|
57101818a58dae1900cd6880
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: "They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death penalty. There's a widely held perception that all Americans are united in favor of executions, but this message came across loud and clear that many people are not happy with it." Brian Evans of Amnesty International, which led the campaign to spare Davis's life, said that there was a groundswell in America of people "who are tired of a justice system that is inhumane and inflexible and allows executions where there is clear doubts about guilt". He predicted the debate would now be conducted with renewed energy.
|
In what month and year was Troy Davis executed?
|
In what month and year was Troy Davis executed?
|
[
"In what month and year was Troy Davis executed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"September 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110034
|
57101818a58dae1900cd6881
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: "They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death penalty. There's a widely held perception that all Americans are united in favor of executions, but this message came across loud and clear that many people are not happy with it." Brian Evans of Amnesty International, which led the campaign to spare Davis's life, said that there was a groundswell in America of people "who are tired of a justice system that is inhumane and inflexible and allows executions where there is clear doubts about guilt". He predicted the debate would now be conducted with renewed energy.
|
Who was the Death Penalty Information Center director?
|
Who was the Death Penalty Information Center director?
|
[
"Who was the Death Penalty Information Center director?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Richard Dieter"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110035
|
57101818a58dae1900cd6882
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: "They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death penalty. There's a widely held perception that all Americans are united in favor of executions, but this message came across loud and clear that many people are not happy with it." Brian Evans of Amnesty International, which led the campaign to spare Davis's life, said that there was a groundswell in America of people "who are tired of a justice system that is inhumane and inflexible and allows executions where there is clear doubts about guilt". He predicted the debate would now be conducted with renewed energy.
|
What organization did Brian Evans work for?
|
What organization did Brian Evans work for?
|
[
"What organization did Brian Evans work for?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Amnesty International"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110036
|
5ad3fbc1604f3c001a3ffb75
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: "They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death penalty. There's a widely held perception that all Americans are united in favor of executions, but this message came across loud and clear that many people are not happy with it." Brian Evans of Amnesty International, which led the campaign to spare Davis's life, said that there was a groundswell in America of people "who are tired of a justice system that is inhumane and inflexible and allows executions where there is clear doubts about guilt". He predicted the debate would now be conducted with renewed energy.
|
In what month and year was Troy Davis born?
|
In what month and year was Troy Davis born?
|
[
"In what month and year was Troy Davis born?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110037
|
5ad3fbc1604f3c001a3ffb76
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: "They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death penalty. There's a widely held perception that all Americans are united in favor of executions, but this message came across loud and clear that many people are not happy with it." Brian Evans of Amnesty International, which led the campaign to spare Davis's life, said that there was a groundswell in America of people "who are tired of a justice system that is inhumane and inflexible and allows executions where there is clear doubts about guilt". He predicted the debate would now be conducted with renewed energy.
|
Who was the Death Penalty Information Center secretary?
|
Who was the Death Penalty Information Center secretary?
|
[
" Who was the Death Penalty Information Center secretary?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110038
|
5ad3fbc1604f3c001a3ffb77
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: "They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death penalty. There's a widely held perception that all Americans are united in favor of executions, but this message came across loud and clear that many people are not happy with it." Brian Evans of Amnesty International, which led the campaign to spare Davis's life, said that there was a groundswell in America of people "who are tired of a justice system that is inhumane and inflexible and allows executions where there is clear doubts about guilt". He predicted the debate would now be conducted with renewed energy.
|
What organization did Brian Evans reject working for?
|
What organization did Brian Evans reject working for?
|
[
" What organization did Brian Evans reject working for?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110039
|
57101911b654c5140001f7dd
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.
|
How many execution methods are currently used in the United States?
|
How many execution methods are currently used in the United States?
|
[
"How many execution methods are currently used in the United States?"
] |
{
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110040
|
57101911b654c5140001f7de
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.
|
What was the most common historical method of execution in the United States?
|
What was the most common historical method of execution in the United States?
|
[
"What was the most common historical method of execution in the United States?"
] |
{
"text": [
"hanging"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110041
|
57101911b654c5140001f7df
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.
|
In what state did the last burning at the stake take place in the US?
|
In what state did the last burning at the stake take place in the US?
|
[
"In what state did the last burning at the stake take place in the US?"
] |
{
"text": [
"South Carolina"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110042
|
57101911b654c5140001f7e0
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.
|
Who was the last person hanged in chains in the Untied States?
|
Who was the last person hanged in chains in the Untied States?
|
[
"Who was the last person hanged in chains in the Untied States?"
] |
{
"text": [
"John Marshall"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110043
|
57101911b654c5140001f7e1
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.
|
When was execution by beheading ended in Utah?
|
When was execution by beheading ended in Utah?
|
[
"When was execution by beheading ended in Utah?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1888"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110044
|
5ad3f90f604f3c001a3ffa9b
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.
|
How many execution methods are currently outlawed in the United States?
|
How many execution methods are currently outlawed in the United States?
|
[
"How many execution methods are currently outlawed in the United States?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110045
|
5ad3f90f604f3c001a3ffa9c
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.
|
What was the least common historical method of execution in the United States?
|
What was the least common historical method of execution in the United States?
|
[
"What was the least common historical method of execution in the United States?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110046
|
5ad3f90f604f3c001a3ffa9d
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.
|
In what state did the first burning at the stake take place in the US?
|
In what state did the first burning at the stake take place in the US?
|
[
" In what state did the first burning at the stake take place in the US?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110047
|
5ad3f90f604f3c001a3ffa9e
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.
|
Who was the first person hanged in chains in the Untied States?
|
Who was the first person hanged in chains in the Untied States?
|
[
" Who was the first person hanged in chains in the Untied States?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110048
|
5ad3f90f604f3c001a3ffa9f
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.
|
When was execution by beheading started in Utah?
|
When was execution by beheading started in Utah?
|
[
" When was execution by beheading started in Utah?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110049
|
57101978b654c5140001f7e7
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.
|
What percentage of American death row prisoners are African American?
|
What percentage of American death row prisoners are African American?
|
[
"What percentage of American death row prisoners are African American?"
] |
{
"text": [
"41"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110050
|
57101978b654c5140001f7e8
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.
|
What percentage of people executed in the United States since 1976 have been African American?
|
What percentage of people executed in the United States since 1976 have been African American?
|
[
"What percentage of people executed in the United States since 1976 have been African American?"
] |
{
"text": [
"34"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110051
|
57101978b654c5140001f7e9
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.
|
What percentage of American prison inmates are African American?
|
What percentage of American prison inmates are African American?
|
[
"What percentage of American prison inmates are African American?"
] |
{
"text": [
"47"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110052
|
57101978b654c5140001f7ea
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.
|
What percentage of homicides were committed by Asians between 1980 and 2008?
|
What percentage of homicides were committed by Asians between 1980 and 2008?
|
[
"What percentage of homicides were committed by Asians between 1980 and 2008?"
] |
{
"text": [
"2.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110053
|
57101978b654c5140001f7eb
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.
|
What percentage of the American population is Hispanic?
|
What percentage of the American population is Hispanic?
|
[
"What percentage of the American population is Hispanic?"
] |
{
"text": [
"17.4%"
],
"answer_start": [
840
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110054
|
5ad3fd32604f3c001a3ffbd5
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.
|
What percentage of American death row prisoners are South American
|
What percentage of American death row prisoners are South American
|
[
"What percentage of American death row prisoners are South American"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110055
|
5ad3fd32604f3c001a3ffbd6
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.
|
What percentage of people executed in the United States since 1976 have been South American?
|
What percentage of people executed in the United States since 1976 have been South American?
|
[
"What percentage of people executed in the United States since 1976 have been South American?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110056
|
5ad3fd32604f3c001a3ffbd7
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.
|
What percentage of American prison inmates are South American?
|
What percentage of American prison inmates are South American?
|
[
"What percentage of American prison inmates are South American?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110057
|
5ad3fd32604f3c001a3ffbd8
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.
|
What percentage of homicides were committed by Canadians between 1980 and 2008?
|
What percentage of homicides were committed by Canadians between 1980 and 2008?
|
[
" What percentage of homicides were committed by Canadians between 1980 and 2008?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110058
|
5ad3fd32604f3c001a3ffbd9
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.
|
What percentage of the Canadian population is Hispanic?
|
What percentage of the Canadian population is Hispanic?
|
[
" What percentage of the Canadian population is Hispanic?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110059
|
571019eab654c5140001f7f1
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).
|
In the United States, how many important steps are usually present in the administration of capital punishment?
|
In the United States, how many important steps are usually present in the administration of capital punishment?
|
[
"In the United States, how many important steps are usually present in the administration of capital punishment?"
] |
{
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110060
|
571019eab654c5140001f7f2
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).
|
Along with the President, what officeholder can issue pardons?
|
Along with the President, what officeholder can issue pardons?
|
[
"Along with the President, what officeholder can issue pardons?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Governor"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110061
|
571019eab654c5140001f7f3
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).
|
How many death sentences were issued in the period 1995-1996?
|
How many death sentences were issued in the period 1995-1996?
|
[
"How many death sentences were issued in the period 1995-1996?"
] |
{
"text": [
"309"
],
"answer_start": [
589
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110062
|
571019eab654c5140001f7f4
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).
|
How many capital sentences were given in 1973?
|
How many capital sentences were given in 1973?
|
[
"How many capital sentences were given in 1973?"
] |
{
"text": [
"44"
],
"answer_start": [
680
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110063
|
571019eab654c5140001f7f5
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).
|
In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions?
|
In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions?
|
[
"In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions?"
] |
{
"text": [
"2014"
],
"answer_start": [
644
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110064
|
5ad3f5e0604f3c001a3ff9bb
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).
|
In the United States, how many important steps are never present in the administration of capital punishment?
|
In the United States, how many important steps are never present in the administration of capital punishment?
|
[
"In the United States, how many important steps are never present in the administration of capital punishment?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110065
|
5ad3f5e0604f3c001a3ff9bc
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).
|
Along with the President, what officeholder can't issue pardons?
|
Along with the President, what officeholder can't issue pardons?
|
[
" Along with the President, what officeholder can't issue pardons?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110066
|
5ad3f5e0604f3c001a3ff9bd
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).
|
How many death sentences were rejected in the period 1995-1996?
|
How many death sentences were rejected in the period 1995-1996?
|
[
"How many death sentences were rejected in the period 1995-1996?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110067
|
5ad3f5e0604f3c001a3ff9be
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).
|
How many capital sentences were rejected in 1973?
|
How many capital sentences were rejected in 1973?
|
[
"How many capital sentences were rejected in 1973?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110068
|
5ad3f5e0604f3c001a3ff9bf
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).
|
In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions overturned?
|
In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions overturned?
|
[
" In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions overturned?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110069
|
571020f7b654c5140001f81d
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.
|
Where was Bethea hanged?
|
Where was Bethea hanged?
|
[
"Where was Bethea hanged?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Owensboro"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110070
|
571020f7b654c5140001f81e
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.
|
On what date was Fred Adams hanged?
|
On what date was Fred Adams hanged?
|
[
"On what date was Fred Adams hanged?"
] |
{
"text": [
"April 2, 1937"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110071
|
571020f7b654c5140001f81f
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.
|
In what state did the hanging of Adams take place?
|
In what state did the hanging of Adams take place?
|
[
"In what state did the hanging of Adams take place?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Missouri"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110072
|
571020f7b654c5140001f820
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.
|
What was Roscoe Jackson's nickname?
|
What was Roscoe Jackson's nickname?
|
[
"What was Roscoe Jackson's nickname?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Red"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110073
|
571020f7b654c5140001f821
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.
|
How many people witnessed Timothy McVeigh's execution?
|
How many people witnessed Timothy McVeigh's execution?
|
[
"How many people witnessed Timothy McVeigh's execution?"
] |
{
"text": [
"300"
],
"answer_start": [
786
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110074
|
5ad3fde7604f3c001a3ffc07
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.
|
Where was Bethea freed?
|
Where was Bethea freed?
|
[
"Where was Bethea freed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110075
|
5ad3fde7604f3c001a3ffc08
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.
|
On what date was Fred Adams freed?
|
On what date was Fred Adams freed?
|
[
" On what date was Fred Adams freed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110076
|
5ad3fde7604f3c001a3ffc09
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.
|
In what state did the freedom of Adams take place?
|
In what state did the freedom of Adams take place?
|
[
"In what state did the freedom of Adams take place?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110077
|
5ad3fde7604f3c001a3ffc0a
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.
|
What was Roscoe Jackson's birthdate?
|
What was Roscoe Jackson's birthdate?
|
[
" What was Roscoe Jackson's birthdate?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110078
|
5ad3fde7604f3c001a3ffc0b
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937. Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938. An estimated 400 witnesses were present for the hanging of Lee Simpson in Ryegate, Montana, on December 30, 1939. The execution of Timothy McVeigh on June 11, 2001 was witnessed by some 300 people, some by closed-circuit television.
|
How many people refused Timothy McVeigh's execution?
|
How many people refused Timothy McVeigh's execution?
|
[
" How many people refused Timothy McVeigh's execution?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110079
|
5710218bb654c5140001f827
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between "1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted." The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.
|
What institution does James Liebman work for?
|
What institution does James Liebman work for?
|
[
"What institution does James Liebman work for?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Columbia Law School"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110080
|
5710218bb654c5140001f828
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between "1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted." The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.
|
What does James Liebman teach?
|
What does James Liebman teach?
|
[
"What does James Liebman teach?"
] |
{
"text": [
"law"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110081
|
5710218bb654c5140001f829
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between "1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted." The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.
|
According to Liebman, about what percentage of death penalty habeas corpus petitions were successful between 1978 and 1995?
|
According to Liebman, about what percentage of death penalty habeas corpus petitions were successful between 1978 and 1995?
|
[
"According to Liebman, about what percentage of death penalty habeas corpus petitions were successful between 1978 and 1995?"
] |
{
"text": [
"40"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110082
|
5710218bb654c5140001f82a
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between "1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted." The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.
|
According to Tabak, what percentage of habeas corpus petitions were granted to death row inmates between 1976 and 1991?
|
According to Tabak, what percentage of habeas corpus petitions were granted to death row inmates between 1976 and 1991?
|
[
"According to Tabak, what percentage of habeas corpus petitions were granted to death row inmates between 1976 and 1991?"
] |
{
"text": [
"47"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110083
|
5710218bb654c5140001f82b
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between "1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted." The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.
|
In what year did Liebman announce his findings?
|
In what year did Liebman announce his findings?
|
[
"In what year did Liebman announce his findings?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110084
|
5ad3f79b604f3c001a3ffa29
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between "1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted." The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.
|
What institution did James Liebman get fired from?
|
What institution did James Liebman get fired from?
|
[
"What institution did James Liebman get fired from?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110085
|
5ad3f79b604f3c001a3ffa2a
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between "1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted." The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.
|
What does James Liebman reject?
|
What does James Liebman reject?
|
[
" What does James Liebman reject?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110086
|
5ad3f79b604f3c001a3ffa2b
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between "1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted." The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.
|
According to Liebman, about what percentage of death penalty habeas corpus petitions were successful between 1988 and 1999?
|
According to Liebman, about what percentage of death penalty habeas corpus petitions were successful between 1988 and 1999?
|
[
"According to Liebman, about what percentage of death penalty habeas corpus petitions were successful between 1988 and 1999?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110087
|
5ad3f79b604f3c001a3ffa2c
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between "1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted." The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.
|
According to Tabak, what percentage of habeas corpus petitions were granted to death row inmates between 1978 and 1993
|
According to Tabak, what percentage of habeas corpus petitions were granted to death row inmates between 1978 and 1993
|
[
" According to Tabak, what percentage of habeas corpus petitions were granted to death row inmates between 1978 and 1993"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110088
|
5ad3f79b604f3c001a3ffa2d
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between "1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted." The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.
|
In what year did Liebman reject his findings?
|
In what year did Liebman reject his findings?
|
[
" In what year did Liebman reject his findings?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110089
|
571021d7a58dae1900cd68ce
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
|
Who was executed on March 30, 1960?
|
Who was executed on March 30, 1960?
|
[
"Who was executed on March 30, 1960?"
] |
{
"text": [
"James W. Rodgers"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110090
|
571021d7a58dae1900cd68cf
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
|
What method of execution was used on James W. Rodgers?
|
What method of execution was used on James W. Rodgers?
|
[
"What method of execution was used on James W. Rodgers?"
] |
{
"text": [
"firing squad"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110091
|
571021d7a58dae1900cd68d0
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
|
In what state was Rodgers executed?
|
In what state was Rodgers executed?
|
[
"In what state was Rodgers executed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Utah"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110092
|
571021d7a58dae1900cd68d1
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
|
On what date was George York executed?
|
On what date was George York executed?
|
[
"On what date was George York executed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"June 22, 1965"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110093
|
571021d7a58dae1900cd68d2
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
|
Which state executed James French?
|
Which state executed James French?
|
[
"Which state executed James French?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Oklahoma"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110094
|
5ad3f93e604f3c001a3ffaa5
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
|
Who was executed on March 30, 1990?
|
Who was executed on March 30, 1990?
|
[
"Who was executed on March 30, 1990?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110095
|
5ad3f93e604f3c001a3ffaa6
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
|
What method of execution was not used on James W. Rodgers?
|
What method of execution was not used on James W. Rodgers?
|
[
" What method of execution was not used on James W. Rodgers?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110096
|
5ad3f93e604f3c001a3ffaa7
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
|
In what state was Rodgers born?
|
In what state was Rodgers born?
|
[
"In what state was Rodgers born?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110097
|
5ad3f93e604f3c001a3ffaa8
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
|
On what date was George York freed?
|
On what date was George York freed?
|
[
" On what date was George York freed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110098
|
5ad3f93e604f3c001a3ffaa9
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966. The last use of the gas chamber between the first gassing on February 8, 1924 and the moratorium was when Colorado gassed Luis Monge on June 2, 1967.
|
Which state freed James French?
|
Which state freed James French?
|
[
" Which state freed James French?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-110099
|
5710224aa58dae1900cd68d8
|
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
|
Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in 1642. Twenty-two of the executions occurred after 1976, in seven states. Due to the slow process of appeals, it was highly unusual for a condemned person to be under 18 at the time of execution. The youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was George Stinney, who was electrocuted in South Carolina at the age of 14 on June 16, 1944. The last execution of a juvenile may have been Leonard Shockley, who died in the Maryland gas chamber on April 10, 1959, at the age of 17. No one has been under age 19 at time of execution since at least 1964. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, 22 people have been executed for crimes committed under the age of 18. Twenty-one were 17 at the time of the crime. The last person to be executed for a crime committed as a juvenile was Scott Hain on April 3, 2003 in Oklahoma.
|
About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1642?
|
About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1642?
|
[
"About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1642?"
] |
{
"text": [
"364"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
}
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.