gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-110100 | 5710224aa58dae1900cd68d9 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | In what year was Thomas Graunger executed? | In what year was Thomas Graunger executed? | [
"In what year was Thomas Graunger executed?"
] | {
"text": [
"1642"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110101 | 5710224aa58dae1900cd68da | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles? | Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles? | [
"Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles?"
] | {
"text": [
"Twenty-two"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110102 | 5710224aa58dae1900cd68db | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | How old was George Stinney when he was executed? | How old was George Stinney when he was executed? | [
"How old was George Stinney when he was executed?"
] | {
"text": [
"14"
],
"answer_start": [
643
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110103 | 5710224aa58dae1900cd68dc | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | What method was used to execute Leonard Shockley? | What method was used to execute Leonard Shockley? | [
"What method was used to execute Leonard Shockley?"
] | {
"text": [
"gas chamber"
],
"answer_start": [
754
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110104 | 5ad3fc3c604f3c001a3ffb85 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1842? | About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1842? | [
"About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1842?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110105 | 5ad3fc3c604f3c001a3ffb86 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | In what year was Thomas Graunger freed? | In what year was Thomas Graunger freed? | [
" In what year was Thomas Graunger freed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110106 | 5ad3fc3c604f3c001a3ffb87 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as adults? | Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as adults? | [
" Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as adults?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110107 | 5ad3fc3c604f3c001a3ffb88 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | How old was George Stinney when he was freed? | How old was George Stinney when he was freed? | [
" How old was George Stinney when he was freed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110108 | 5ad3fc3c604f3c001a3ffb89 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | What method was used to free Leonard Shockley? | What method was used to free Leonard Shockley? | [
" What method was used to free Leonard Shockley?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110109 | 571022aba58dae1900cd68e2 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | As of May 2014, what was Robert Patton's job title? | As of May 2014, what was Robert Patton's job title? | [
"As of May 2014, what was Robert Patton's job title?"
] | {
"text": [
"Director of Corrections"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110110 | 571022aba58dae1900cd68e3 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What state employed Robert Patton in May 2014? | What state employed Robert Patton in May 2014? | [
"What state employed Robert Patton in May 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"Oklahoma"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110111 | 571022aba58dae1900cd68e4 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What race was Clayton Lockett? | What race was Clayton Lockett? | [
"What race was Clayton Lockett?"
] | {
"text": [
"African-American"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110112 | 571022aba58dae1900cd68e5 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What was Clayton Lockett's cause of death? | What was Clayton Lockett's cause of death? | [
"What was Clayton Lockett's cause of death?"
] | {
"text": [
"heart attack"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110113 | 571022aba58dae1900cd68e6 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for executions in 2015? | What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for executions in 2015? | [
"What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for executions in 2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"nitrogen"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110114 | 5ad3fec3604f3c001a3ffc5f | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | As of May 2011, what was Robert Patton's job title? | As of May 2011, what was Robert Patton's job title? | [
"As of May 2011, what was Robert Patton's job title?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110115 | 5ad3fec3604f3c001a3ffc60 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What state executed Robert Patton in May 2014? | What state executed Robert Patton in May 2014? | [
" What state executed Robert Patton in May 2014?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110116 | 5ad3fec3604f3c001a3ffc61 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What religion was Clayton Lockett? | What religion was Clayton Lockett? | [
" What religion was Clayton Lockett?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110117 | 5ad3fec3604f3c001a3ffc62 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What was Clayton Lockett's crime? | What was Clayton Lockett's crime? | [
"What was Clayton Lockett's crime?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110118 | 5ad3fec3604f3c001a3ffc63 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for freedoms in 2015? | What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for freedoms in 2015? | [
" What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for freedoms in 2015?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110119 | 57102369a58dae1900cd68f6 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | Along with gender, geography and race, what bias do some opponents of the death penalty see in its administration? | Along with gender, geography and race, what bias do some opponents of the death penalty see in its administration? | [
"Along with gender, geography and race, what bias do some opponents of the death penalty see in its administration?"
] | {
"text": [
"socio-economic"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110120 | 57102369a58dae1900cd68f7 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty cheapen? | According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty cheapen? | [
"According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty cheapen?"
] | {
"text": [
"human life"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110121 | 57102369a58dae1900cd68f8 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | According to death penalty opponents, on whose moral level does execution place the government? | According to death penalty opponents, on whose moral level does execution place the government? | [
"According to death penalty opponents, on whose moral level does execution place the government?"
] | {
"text": [
"criminals involved in murder"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110122 | 57102369a58dae1900cd68f9 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment isn't effective at doing? | What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment isn't effective at doing? | [
"What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment isn't effective at doing?"
] | {
"text": [
"deterring crime"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110123 | 57102369a58dae1900cd68fa | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | Who do death penalty opponents believe may sometimes be executed? | Who do death penalty opponents believe may sometimes be executed? | [
"Who do death penalty opponents believe may sometimes be executed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the innocent"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110124 | 5ad3fb5d604f3c001a3ffb4b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | Along with gender, geography and race, what bias do some people who agree with the death penalty see in its administration? | Along with gender, geography and race, what bias do some people who agree with the death penalty see in its administration? | [
"Along with gender, geography and race, what bias do some people who agree with the death penalty see in its administration?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110125 | 5ad3fb5d604f3c001a3ffb4c | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty strengthen? | According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty strengthen? | [
"According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty strengthen?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110126 | 5ad3fb5d604f3c001a3ffb4d | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | According to death penalty supporters, on whose moral level does execution place the government? | According to death penalty supporters, on whose moral level does execution place the government? | [
" According to death penalty supporters, on whose moral level does execution place the government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110127 | 5ad3fb5d604f3c001a3ffb4e | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment is effective at doing? | What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment is effective at doing? | [
"What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment is effective at doing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110128 | 5ad3fb5d604f3c001a3ffb4f | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | Who do death penalty opponents believe will never be executed? | Who do death penalty opponents believe will never be executed? | [
" Who do death penalty opponents believe will never be executed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110129 | 571023c2a58dae1900cd6900 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the youngest age at which a person might be executed? | According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the youngest age at which a person might be executed? | [
"According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the youngest age at which a person might be executed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sixteen"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110130 | 571023c2a58dae1900cd6901 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma decided? | In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma decided? | [
"In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma decided?"
] | {
"text": [
"1988"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110131 | 571023c2a58dae1900cd6902 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons decided? | In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons decided? | [
"In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons decided?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 2005"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110132 | 571023c2a58dae1900cd6903 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be unconstitutional? | In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be unconstitutional? | [
"In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be unconstitutional?"
] | {
"text": [
"5"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110133 | 571023c2a58dae1900cd6904 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States? | Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States? | [
"Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"18"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110134 | 5ad3fc7c604f3c001a3ffba1 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the oldest age at which a person might be executed? | According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the oldest age at which a person might be executed? | [
"According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the oldest age at which a person might be executed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110135 | 5ad3fc7c604f3c001a3ffba2 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma postponed? | In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma postponed? | [
" In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma postponed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110136 | 5ad3fc7c604f3c001a3ffba3 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons postponed? | In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons postponed? | [
" In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons postponed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110137 | 5ad3fc7c604f3c001a3ffba4 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be constitutional? | In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be constitutional? | [
"In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be constitutional?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110138 | 5ad3fc7c604f3c001a3ffba5 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the maximum age to be executed in the United States? | Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the maximum age to be executed in the United States? | [
"Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the maximum age to be executed in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110139 | 57102438b654c5140001f84f | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Around 1890, a political movement developed in the United States to mandate private executions. Several states enacted laws which required executions to be conducted within a "wall" or "enclosure" to "exclude public view." For example, in 1919, the Missouri legislature adopted a statute (L.1919, p. 781) which required,... | In what year did Missouri pass a law stating that executions should be inside of or near a jail? | In what year did Missouri pass a law stating that executions should be inside of or near a jail? | [
"In what year did Missouri pass a law stating that executions should be inside of or near a jail?"
] | {
"text": [
"1919"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110140 | 57102438b654c5140001f850 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Around 1890, a political movement developed in the United States to mandate private executions. Several states enacted laws which required executions to be conducted within a "wall" or "enclosure" to "exclude public view." For example, in 1919, the Missouri legislature adopted a statute (L.1919, p. 781) which required,... | What procedure did Missouri use to execute prisoners in 1919? | What procedure did Missouri use to execute prisoners in 1919? | [
"What procedure did Missouri use to execute prisoners in 1919?"
] | {
"text": [
"hanging"
],
"answer_start": [
594
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110141 | 57102438b654c5140001f851 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Around 1890, a political movement developed in the United States to mandate private executions. Several states enacted laws which required executions to be conducted within a "wall" or "enclosure" to "exclude public view." For example, in 1919, the Missouri legislature adopted a statute (L.1919, p. 781) which required,... | In the Missouri of 1919, who handed out passes to witness executions? | In the Missouri of 1919, who handed out passes to witness executions? | [
"In the Missouri of 1919, who handed out passes to witness executions?"
] | {
"text": [
"the local sheriff"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110142 | 57102438b654c5140001f852 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Around 1890, a political movement developed in the United States to mandate private executions. Several states enacted laws which required executions to be conducted within a "wall" or "enclosure" to "exclude public view." For example, in 1919, the Missouri legislature adopted a statute (L.1919, p. 781) which required,... | In approximately what year did a movement in favor of private executions begin in the US? | In approximately what year did a movement in favor of private executions begin in the US? | [
"In approximately what year did a movement in favor of private executions begin in the US?"
] | {
"text": [
"1890"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110143 | 5ad3fd67604f3c001a3ffbdf | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Around 1890, a political movement developed in the United States to mandate private executions. Several states enacted laws which required executions to be conducted within a "wall" or "enclosure" to "exclude public view." For example, in 1919, the Missouri legislature adopted a statute (L.1919, p. 781) which required,... | In what year did Missouri pass a law stating that executions should be outside of a jail? | In what year did Missouri pass a law stating that executions should be outside of a jail? | [
"In what year did Missouri pass a law stating that executions should be outside of a jail?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110144 | 5ad3fd67604f3c001a3ffbe0 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Around 1890, a political movement developed in the United States to mandate private executions. Several states enacted laws which required executions to be conducted within a "wall" or "enclosure" to "exclude public view." For example, in 1919, the Missouri legislature adopted a statute (L.1919, p. 781) which required,... | What procedure did Missouri use to free prisoners in 1919? | What procedure did Missouri use to free prisoners in 1919? | [
" What procedure did Missouri use to free prisoners in 1919?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110145 | 5ad3fd67604f3c001a3ffbe1 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Around 1890, a political movement developed in the United States to mandate private executions. Several states enacted laws which required executions to be conducted within a "wall" or "enclosure" to "exclude public view." For example, in 1919, the Missouri legislature adopted a statute (L.1919, p. 781) which required,... | In the Missouri of 1959, who handed out passes to witness executions? | In the Missouri of 1959, who handed out passes to witness executions? | [
"In the Missouri of 1959, who handed out passes to witness executions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110146 | 5ad3fd67604f3c001a3ffbe2 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Around 1890, a political movement developed in the United States to mandate private executions. Several states enacted laws which required executions to be conducted within a "wall" or "enclosure" to "exclude public view." For example, in 1919, the Missouri legislature adopted a statute (L.1919, p. 781) which required,... | In approximately what year did a movement in favor of public executions begin in the US? | In approximately what year did a movement in favor of public executions begin in the US? | [
"In approximately what year did a movement in favor of public executions begin in the US?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110147 | 57102482b654c5140001f857 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1986? | Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1986? | [
"Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1986?"
] | {
"text": [
"Toney Anaya"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110148 | 57102482b654c5140001f858 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | Of what state was Toney Anaya governor? | Of what state was Toney Anaya governor? | [
"Of what state was Toney Anaya governor?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Mexico"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110149 | 57102482b654c5140001f859 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | Who was Governor of Ohio in 1991? | Who was Governor of Ohio in 1991? | [
"Who was Governor of Ohio in 1991?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dick Celeste"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110150 | 57102482b654c5140001f85a | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | How many women were on Ohio's death row in 1991? | How many women were on Ohio's death row in 1991? | [
"How many women were on Ohio's death row in 1991?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110151 | 57102482b654c5140001f85b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida? | In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida? | [
"In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida?"
] | {
"text": [
"1979"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110152 | 5ad3fe16604f3c001a3ffc21 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1936? | Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1936? | [
"Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1936?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110153 | 5ad3fe16604f3c001a3ffc22 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | Of what state was Toney Anaya senator? | Of what state was Toney Anaya senator? | [
" Of what state was Toney Anaya senator?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110154 | 5ad3fe16604f3c001a3ffc23 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | Who was Governor of Nebraska in 1991? | Who was Governor of Nebraska in 1991? | [
" Who was Governor of Nebraska in 1991?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110155 | 5ad3fe16604f3c001a3ffc24 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | How many men were on Ohio's death row in 1991? | How many men were on Ohio's death row in 1991? | [
" How many men were on Ohio's death row in 1991?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110156 | 5ad3fe16604f3c001a3ffc25 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | In what year did Bob Graham become Senator of Florida? | In what year did Bob Graham become Senator of Florida? | [
"In what year did Bob Graham become Senator of Florida?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110157 | 571024d8b654c5140001f861 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 2010, bills to abolish the death penalty in Kansas and in South Dakota (which had a de facto moratorium at the time) were rejected. Idaho ended its de facto moratorium, during which only one volunteer had been executed, on November 18, 2011 by executing Paul Ezra Rhoades; South Dakota executed Donald Moeller on Octo... | Along with South Dakota, what state rejected a death penalty abolition bill in 2010? | Along with South Dakota, what state rejected a death penalty abolition bill in 2010? | [
"Along with South Dakota, what state rejected a death penalty abolition bill in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kansas"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110158 | 571024d8b654c5140001f862 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 2010, bills to abolish the death penalty in Kansas and in South Dakota (which had a de facto moratorium at the time) were rejected. Idaho ended its de facto moratorium, during which only one volunteer had been executed, on November 18, 2011 by executing Paul Ezra Rhoades; South Dakota executed Donald Moeller on Octo... | Who did Idaho execute in 2011? | Who did Idaho execute in 2011? | [
"Who did Idaho execute in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paul Ezra Rhoades"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110159 | 571024d8b654c5140001f863 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 2010, bills to abolish the death penalty in Kansas and in South Dakota (which had a de facto moratorium at the time) were rejected. Idaho ended its de facto moratorium, during which only one volunteer had been executed, on November 18, 2011 by executing Paul Ezra Rhoades; South Dakota executed Donald Moeller on Octo... | Who was executed on October 30, 2012? | Who was executed on October 30, 2012? | [
"Who was executed on October 30, 2012?"
] | {
"text": [
"Donald Moeller"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110160 | 571024d8b654c5140001f864 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 2010, bills to abolish the death penalty in Kansas and in South Dakota (which had a de facto moratorium at the time) were rejected. Idaho ended its de facto moratorium, during which only one volunteer had been executed, on November 18, 2011 by executing Paul Ezra Rhoades; South Dakota executed Donald Moeller on Octo... | Since 1976, how many prisoners has Nevada executed? | Since 1976, how many prisoners has Nevada executed? | [
"Since 1976, how many prisoners has Nevada executed?"
] | {
"text": [
"12"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110161 | 571024d8b654c5140001f865 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 2010, bills to abolish the death penalty in Kansas and in South Dakota (which had a de facto moratorium at the time) were rejected. Idaho ended its de facto moratorium, during which only one volunteer had been executed, on November 18, 2011 by executing Paul Ezra Rhoades; South Dakota executed Donald Moeller on Octo... | Since 1976, in what year was a prisoner executed in Wyoming? | Since 1976, in what year was a prisoner executed in Wyoming? | [
"Since 1976, in what year was a prisoner executed in Wyoming?"
] | {
"text": [
"1992"
],
"answer_start": [
702
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110162 | 5ad3fe50604f3c001a3ffc35 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 2010, bills to abolish the death penalty in Kansas and in South Dakota (which had a de facto moratorium at the time) were rejected. Idaho ended its de facto moratorium, during which only one volunteer had been executed, on November 18, 2011 by executing Paul Ezra Rhoades; South Dakota executed Donald Moeller on Octo... | Along with North Dakota, what state rejected a death penalty abolition bill in 2010? | Along with North Dakota, what state rejected a death penalty abolition bill in 2010? | [
"Along with North Dakota, what state rejected a death penalty abolition bill in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110163 | 5ad3fe50604f3c001a3ffc36 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 2010, bills to abolish the death penalty in Kansas and in South Dakota (which had a de facto moratorium at the time) were rejected. Idaho ended its de facto moratorium, during which only one volunteer had been executed, on November 18, 2011 by executing Paul Ezra Rhoades; South Dakota executed Donald Moeller on Octo... | Who did Idaho execute in 2013? | Who did Idaho execute in 2013? | [
" Who did Idaho execute in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110164 | 5ad3fe50604f3c001a3ffc37 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 2010, bills to abolish the death penalty in Kansas and in South Dakota (which had a de facto moratorium at the time) were rejected. Idaho ended its de facto moratorium, during which only one volunteer had been executed, on November 18, 2011 by executing Paul Ezra Rhoades; South Dakota executed Donald Moeller on Octo... | Who was freed on October 30, 2012? | Who was freed on October 30, 2012? | [
" Who was freed on October 30, 2012?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110165 | 5ad3fe50604f3c001a3ffc39 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 2010, bills to abolish the death penalty in Kansas and in South Dakota (which had a de facto moratorium at the time) were rejected. Idaho ended its de facto moratorium, during which only one volunteer had been executed, on November 18, 2011 by executing Paul Ezra Rhoades; South Dakota executed Donald Moeller on Octo... | Since 1976, in what year was a prisoner freed in Wyoming? | Since 1976, in what year was a prisoner freed in Wyoming? | [
"Since 1976, in what year was a prisoner freed in Wyoming?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110166 | 5710257ea58dae1900cd691a | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | How many drugs are used to administer lethal injection? | How many drugs are used to administer lethal injection? | [
"How many drugs are used to administer lethal injection?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110167 | 5710257ea58dae1900cd691b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | What lethal injection drug is manufactured by Hospira? | What lethal injection drug is manufactured by Hospira? | [
"What lethal injection drug is manufactured by Hospira?"
] | {
"text": [
"sodium thiopental"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110168 | 5710257ea58dae1900cd691c | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | When did Hospira cease to manufacture its lethal injection drug for the United States? | When did Hospira cease to manufacture its lethal injection drug for the United States? | [
"When did Hospira cease to manufacture its lethal injection drug for the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110169 | 5710257ea58dae1900cd691d | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | In what country does Hospira manufacture sodium thiopental today? | In what country does Hospira manufacture sodium thiopental today? | [
"In what country does Hospira manufacture sodium thiopental today?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110170 | 5710257ea58dae1900cd691e | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | What EU law forbids products used in torture to be manufactured in the European Union? | What EU law forbids products used in torture to be manufactured in the European Union? | [
"What EU law forbids products used in torture to be manufactured in the European Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"Torture Regulation"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110171 | 5ad3fe7f604f3c001a3ffc3f | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | How many hours does it take to administer lethal injection? | How many hours does it take to administer lethal injection? | [
" How many hours does it take to administer lethal injection?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110172 | 5ad3fe7f604f3c001a3ffc40 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | What lethal injection drug is not manufactured by Hospira? | What lethal injection drug is not manufactured by Hospira? | [
" What lethal injection drug is not manufactured by Hospira?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110173 | 5ad3fe7f604f3c001a3ffc41 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | When did Hospira begin to manufacture its lethal injection drug for the United States? | When did Hospira begin to manufacture its lethal injection drug for the United States? | [
"When did Hospira begin to manufacture its lethal injection drug for the United States?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110174 | 5ad3fe7f604f3c001a3ffc42 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | In what state does Hospira manufacture sodium thiopental today? | In what state does Hospira manufacture sodium thiopental today? | [
"In what state does Hospira manufacture sodium thiopental today?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110175 | 5ad3f4f3604f3c001a3ff96d | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In the decades since Furman, new questions have emerged about whether or not prosecutorial arbitrariness has replaced sentencing arbitrariness. A study by Pepperdine University School of Law published in Temple Law Review, "Unpredictable Doom and Lethal Injustice: An Argument for Greater Transparency in Death Penalty D... | What University studied "Predictable Doom"? | What University studied "Predictable Doom"? | [
"What University studied \"Predictable Doom\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110176 | 5ad3f4f3604f3c001a3ff96e | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In the decades since Furman, new questions have emerged about whether or not prosecutorial arbitrariness has replaced sentencing arbitrariness. A study by Pepperdine University School of Law published in Temple Law Review, "Unpredictable Doom and Lethal Injustice: An Argument for Greater Transparency in Death Penalty D... | How many cases are not special circumstances in California? | How many cases are not special circumstances in California? | [
"How many cases are not special circumstances in California?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110177 | 5ad3f4f3604f3c001a3ff96f | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In the decades since Furman, new questions have emerged about whether or not prosecutorial arbitrariness has replaced sentencing arbitrariness. A study by Pepperdine University School of Law published in Temple Law Review, "Unpredictable Doom and Lethal Injustice: An Argument for Greater Transparency in Death Penalty D... | What happened in 1997? | What happened in 1997? | [
"What happened in 1997?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110178 | 5727b6064b864d1900163b0a | Culture | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | How does the Cambridge English Dictionary define "Culture" in short? | How does the Cambridge English Dictionary define "Culture" in short? | [
" How does the Cambridge English Dictionary define \"Culture\" in short?"
] | {
"text": [
"the way of life"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110179 | 5727b6064b864d1900163b0b | Culture | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | What is the name of this theory that culture is a series of activities and world views? | What is the name of this theory that culture is a series of activities and world views? | [
"What is the name of this theory that culture is a series of activities and world views?"
] | {
"text": [
"Terror Management Theory"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110180 | 5727b6064b864d1900163b0c | Culture | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become aware of Culture? | What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become aware of Culture? | [
"What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become aware of Culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"larger brain"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110181 | 5a396b042f14dd001ac72311 | Culture | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | How does the Cambridge Swedish Dictionary define "Culture" in short? | How does the Cambridge Swedish Dictionary define "Culture" in short? | [
"How does the Cambridge Swedish Dictionary define \"Culture\" in short?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110182 | 5a396b042f14dd001ac72312 | Culture | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | What is the name of a theory that culture is a series of locations and world rules? | What is the name of a theory that culture is a series of locations and world rules? | [
"What is the name of a theory that culture is a series of locations and world rules?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110183 | 5a396b042f14dd001ac72313 | Culture | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become unaware of Culture? | What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become unaware of Culture? | [
"What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become unaware of Culture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110184 | 5a396b042f14dd001ac72314 | Culture | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | What are Homo Sapiens able to avoid as a result of having a larger brain? | What are Homo Sapiens able to avoid as a result of having a larger brain? | [
"What are Homo Sapiens able to avoid as a result of having a larger brain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110185 | 5a396b042f14dd001ac72315 | Culture | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | What is defined as "the way of life, especially the supernatural customs and beliefs, of a particular individual at a particular time?" | What is defined as "the way of life, especially the supernatural customs and beliefs, of a particular individual at a particular time?" | [
"What is defined as \"the way of life, especially the supernatural customs and beliefs, of a particular individual at a particular time?\""
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110186 | 5727ba4b4b864d1900163b9c | Culture | As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act... | Around when were humans able to understand to some degree what culture really meant? | Around when were humans able to understand to some degree what culture really meant? | [
"Around when were humans able to understand to some degree what culture really meant?"
] | {
"text": [
"50,000 years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110187 | 5727ba4b4b864d1900163b9d | Culture | As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act... | Name some cultural universals that exist with humans today. | Name some cultural universals that exist with humans today. | [
"Name some cultural universals that exist with humans today."
] | {
"text": [
"kinship, gender and marriage"
],
"answer_start": [
921
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110188 | 5727ba4b4b864d1900163b9e | Culture | As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act... | What does the term "concept material culture" cover? | What does the term "concept material culture" cover? | [
"What does the term \"concept material culture\" cover?"
] | {
"text": [
"technology, architecture and art"
],
"answer_start": [
1212
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110189 | 5a3975a52f14dd001ac72341 | Culture | As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act... | What is not a defining aspect of what it means to be human? | What is not a defining aspect of what it means to be human? | [
"What is not a defining aspect of what it means to be human?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110190 | 5a3975a52f14dd001ac72342 | Culture | As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act... | When were humans able to understand culture fully? | When were humans able to understand culture fully? | [
"When were humans able to understand culture fully?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110191 | 5a3975a52f14dd001ac72343 | Culture | As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act... | What does the term "concept immaterial culture" cover? | What does the term "concept immaterial culture" cover? | [
"What does the term \"concept immaterial culture\" cover?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110192 | 5a3975a52f14dd001ac72344 | Culture | As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act... | What is excluded from the cultural heritage of a society? | What is excluded from the cultural heritage of a society? | [
"What is excluded from the cultural heritage of a society?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110193 | 5a3975a52f14dd001ac72345 | Culture | As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act... | What cultural universals no longer exist in humans? | What cultural universals no longer exist in humans? | [
"What cultural universals no longer exist in humans?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110194 | 5727bf163acd2414000deb55 | Culture | In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less compl... | What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture visibly? | What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture visibly? | [
"What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture visibly?"
] | {
"text": [
"body modification, clothing or jewelry"
],
"answer_start": [
763
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110195 | 5727bf163acd2414000deb56 | Culture | In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less compl... | Around what time did Mass Culture emerge? | Around what time did Mass Culture emerge? | [
"Around what time did Mass Culture emerge?"
] | {
"text": [
"20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
927
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110196 | 5727bf163acd2414000deb57 | Culture | In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less compl... | What do some schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for? | What do some schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for? | [
"What do some schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness"
],
"answer_start": [
1057
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110197 | 5a3977502f14dd001ac72355 | Culture | In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less compl... | What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture invisibly? | What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture invisibly? | [
"What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture invisibly?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110198 | 5a3977502f14dd001ac72356 | Culture | In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less compl... | Around what time did Mass Culture end? | Around what time did Mass Culture end? | [
"Around what time did Mass Culture end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110199 | 5a3977502f14dd001ac72357 | Culture | In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less compl... | What do no schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for? | What do no schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for? | [
"What do no schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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