gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-113200 | 570deb1f0b85d914000d7bdf | Adolescence | Teenage alcohol drug use is currently at an all-time low. Out of a polled body of students, 4.4% of 8th graders reported having been on at least one occasion been drunk within the previous month; for 10th graders, the number was 13.7%, and for 12th graders, 25%. More drastically, cigarette smoking has become a far less... | Are male or female late adolescents more likely to smoke cigarettes? | Are male or female late adolescents more likely to smoke cigarettes? | [
"Are male or female late adolescents more likely to smoke cigarettes?"
] | {
"text": [
"male"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113201 | 570deb1f0b85d914000d7be0 | Adolescence | Teenage alcohol drug use is currently at an all-time low. Out of a polled body of students, 4.4% of 8th graders reported having been on at least one occasion been drunk within the previous month; for 10th graders, the number was 13.7%, and for 12th graders, 25%. More drastically, cigarette smoking has become a far less... | What is one possible explanation for the shift towards marijuana and away from cigarettes? | What is one possible explanation for the shift towards marijuana and away from cigarettes? | [
"What is one possible explanation for the shift towards marijuana and away from cigarettes?"
] | {
"text": [
"recent changing social and political views towards marijuana"
],
"answer_start": [
979
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113202 | 570debd40dc6ce1900204d01 | Adolescence | Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use. Social engagement and personal enjoyment appear to play a fairly universal role in adolescents' decision to drink throughout separate cultural contexts. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canad... | Are motives behind teen alcohol use varied or uniform across different cultures? | Are motives behind teen alcohol use varied or uniform across different cultures? | [
"Are motives behind teen alcohol use varied or uniform across different cultures?"
] | {
"text": [
"uniform"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113203 | 570debd40dc6ce1900204d02 | Adolescence | Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use. Social engagement and personal enjoyment appear to play a fairly universal role in adolescents' decision to drink throughout separate cultural contexts. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canad... | What two reasons for adolescent drinking are shared across cultural contexts? | What two reasons for adolescent drinking are shared across cultural contexts? | [
"What two reasons for adolescent drinking are shared across cultural contexts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Social engagement and personal enjoyment"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113204 | 570debd40dc6ce1900204d03 | Adolescence | Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use. Social engagement and personal enjoyment appear to play a fairly universal role in adolescents' decision to drink throughout separate cultural contexts. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canad... | What is the most common reason for drinking among adolescents according to surveys in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canada? | What is the most common reason for drinking among adolescents according to surveys in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canada? | [
"What is the most common reason for drinking among adolescents according to surveys in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canada?"
] | {
"text": [
"pleasure and recreation"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113205 | 570debd40dc6ce1900204d04 | Adolescence | Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use. Social engagement and personal enjoyment appear to play a fairly universal role in adolescents' decision to drink throughout separate cultural contexts. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canad... | What percentage of Argentenian teens reported drinking to improve a bad mood? | What percentage of Argentenian teens reported drinking to improve a bad mood? | [
"What percentage of Argentenian teens reported drinking to improve a bad mood?"
] | {
"text": [
"7%"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113206 | 570debd40dc6ce1900204d05 | Adolescence | Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use. Social engagement and personal enjoyment appear to play a fairly universal role in adolescents' decision to drink throughout separate cultural contexts. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canad... | In Hong Kong, did males or females most frequently report drinking to feel the effects of the alcohol? | In Hong Kong, did males or females most frequently report drinking to feel the effects of the alcohol? | [
"In Hong Kong, did males or females most frequently report drinking to feel the effects of the alcohol?"
] | {
"text": [
"males"
],
"answer_start": [
773
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113207 | 570dec870b85d914000d7be5 | Adolescence | A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this ... | The transition from child-to-adulthood can be broadly defined as what? | The transition from child-to-adulthood can be broadly defined as what? | [
"The transition from child-to-adulthood can be broadly defined as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"adolescence"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113208 | 570dec870b85d914000d7be6 | Adolescence | A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this ... | How long does the United States believe adolescence lasts? | How long does the United States believe adolescence lasts? | [
"How long does the United States believe adolescence lasts?"
] | {
"text": [
"nearly a decade"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113209 | 570dec870b85d914000d7be7 | Adolescence | A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this ... | Does the time frame of adolescence vary from culture to culture or remain universally agreed upon? | Does the time frame of adolescence vary from culture to culture or remain universally agreed upon? | [
"Does the time frame of adolescence vary from culture to culture or remain universally agreed upon?"
] | {
"text": [
"varies drastically by culture"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113210 | 570dec870b85d914000d7be8 | Adolescence | A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this ... | Leaving school, starting a full-time job, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time are markers in what stage of one's development, according to Hogan & Astone? | Leaving school, starting a full-time job, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time are markers in what stage of one's development, according to Hogan & Astone? | [
"Leaving school, starting a full-time job, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time are markers in what stage of one's development, according to Hogan & Astone?"
] | {
"text": [
"adolescence"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113211 | 570ded450dc6ce1900204d15 | Adolescence | The end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood varies by country and by function. Furthermore, even within a single nation state or culture there can be different ages at which an individual is considered (chronologically and legally) mature enough for society to entrust them with certain privileges and responsi... | Is adolescence usually accompanied by increased parental supervision or increased independence? | Is adolescence usually accompanied by increased parental supervision or increased independence? | [
"Is adolescence usually accompanied by increased parental supervision or increased independence?"
] | {
"text": [
"independence"
],
"answer_start": [
616
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113212 | 570ded450dc6ce1900204d16 | Adolescence | The end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood varies by country and by function. Furthermore, even within a single nation state or culture there can be different ages at which an individual is considered (chronologically and legally) mature enough for society to entrust them with certain privileges and responsi... | Is the end of adolescence and beginning of adulthood easily agreed upon or does it vary by country? | Is the end of adolescence and beginning of adulthood easily agreed upon or does it vary by country? | [
"Is the end of adolescence and beginning of adulthood easily agreed upon or does it vary by country?"
] | {
"text": [
"varies by country"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113213 | 570ded450dc6ce1900204d17 | Adolescence | The end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood varies by country and by function. Furthermore, even within a single nation state or culture there can be different ages at which an individual is considered (chronologically and legally) mature enough for society to entrust them with certain privileges and responsi... | Do milestones such as driving a vechile, serving on a jury, voting, and marriage all have a common age of responsibility? | Do milestones such as driving a vechile, serving on a jury, voting, and marriage all have a common age of responsibility? | [
"Do milestones such as driving a vechile, serving on a jury, voting, and marriage all have a common age of responsibility?"
] | {
"text": [
"different ages"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113214 | 570dedf10b85d914000d7bed | Adolescence | Facial hair in males normally appears in a specific order during puberty: The first facial hair to appear tends to grow at the corners of the upper lip, typically between 14 to 17 years of age. It then spreads to form a moustache over the entire upper lip. This is followed by the appearance of hair on the upper part of... | When do the first facial hairs present in pubescent males? | When do the first facial hairs present in pubescent males? | [
"When do the first facial hairs present in pubescent males?"
] | {
"text": [
"between 14 to 17 years of age"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113215 | 570dedf10b85d914000d7bee | Adolescence | Facial hair in males normally appears in a specific order during puberty: The first facial hair to appear tends to grow at the corners of the upper lip, typically between 14 to 17 years of age. It then spreads to form a moustache over the entire upper lip. This is followed by the appearance of hair on the upper part of... | For how long does facial hair continue to get darker, coarser, and thicker? | For how long does facial hair continue to get darker, coarser, and thicker? | [
"For how long does facial hair continue to get darker, coarser, and thicker?"
] | {
"text": [
"2–4 years after puberty"
],
"answer_start": [
842
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113216 | 570dedf10b85d914000d7bef | Adolescence | Facial hair in males normally appears in a specific order during puberty: The first facial hair to appear tends to grow at the corners of the upper lip, typically between 14 to 17 years of age. It then spreads to form a moustache over the entire upper lip. This is followed by the appearance of hair on the upper part of... | Where does facial hair first present during puberty? | Where does facial hair first present during puberty? | [
"Where does facial hair first present during puberty?"
] | {
"text": [
"corners of the upper lip"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113217 | 570dee850b85d914000d7bf3 | Adolescence | The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in the individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and androgens. Males experience their growth spurt about two years later, on average, than females. During their peak height velocity (the ti... | Do males or females experience growth spurts first? | Do males or females experience growth spurts first? | [
"Do males or females experience growth spurts first?"
] | {
"text": [
"females"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113218 | 570dee850b85d914000d7bf4 | Adolescence | The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in the individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and androgens. Males experience their growth spurt about two years later, on average, than females. During their peak height velocity (the ti... | How much later on average do males experience their growth spurt? | How much later on average do males experience their growth spurt? | [
"How much later on average do males experience their growth spurt?"
] | {
"text": [
"two years later"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113219 | 570dee850b85d914000d7bf5 | Adolescence | The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in the individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and androgens. Males experience their growth spurt about two years later, on average, than females. During their peak height velocity (the ti... | What is the growth rate during peak height velocity for a male adolescent? | What is the growth rate during peak height velocity for a male adolescent? | [
"What is the growth rate during peak height velocity for a male adolescent?"
] | {
"text": [
"4 inches (10.3 cm) a year"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113220 | 570dee850b85d914000d7bf6 | Adolescence | The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in the individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and androgens. Males experience their growth spurt about two years later, on average, than females. During their peak height velocity (the ti... | What is the growth rate during peak height velocity for a female adolescent? | What is the growth rate during peak height velocity for a female adolescent? | [
"What is the growth rate during peak height velocity for a female adolescent?"
] | {
"text": [
"3.5 inches (9 cm)"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113221 | 570dee850b85d914000d7bf7 | Adolescence | The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in the individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and androgens. Males experience their growth spurt about two years later, on average, than females. During their peak height velocity (the ti... | Growth rates during adolescent are comparible to those of what other life stage? | Growth rates during adolescent are comparible to those of what other life stage? | [
"Growth rates during adolescent are comparible to those of what other life stage?"
] | {
"text": [
"toddler"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113222 | 570def080b85d914000d7bfd | Adolescence | Over the course of adolescence, the amount of white matter in the brain increases linearly, while the amount of grey matter in the brain follows an inverted-U pattern. Through a process called synaptic pruning, unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain are eliminated and the amount of grey matter is pared down. How... | Does the amount of white matter in the brain increase or decrease over the course of adolescence? | Does the amount of white matter in the brain increase or decrease over the course of adolescence? | [
"Does the amount of white matter in the brain increase or decrease over the course of adolescence?"
] | {
"text": [
"increases"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113223 | 570def080b85d914000d7bfe | Adolescence | Over the course of adolescence, the amount of white matter in the brain increases linearly, while the amount of grey matter in the brain follows an inverted-U pattern. Through a process called synaptic pruning, unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain are eliminated and the amount of grey matter is pared down. How... | Does the amount of grey matter in the brain increase linearly or follow an inverted-U pattern over the course of adolescence? | Does the amount of grey matter in the brain increase linearly or follow an inverted-U pattern over the course of adolescence? | [
"Does the amount of grey matter in the brain increase linearly or follow an inverted-U pattern over the course of adolescence?"
] | {
"text": [
"inverted-U pattern"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113224 | 570def080b85d914000d7bff | Adolescence | Over the course of adolescence, the amount of white matter in the brain increases linearly, while the amount of grey matter in the brain follows an inverted-U pattern. Through a process called synaptic pruning, unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain are eliminated and the amount of grey matter is pared down. How... | During which process are unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain eliminated? | During which process are unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain eliminated? | [
"During which process are unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain eliminated?"
] | {
"text": [
"synaptic pruning"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113225 | 570def080b85d914000d7c00 | Adolescence | Over the course of adolescence, the amount of white matter in the brain increases linearly, while the amount of grey matter in the brain follows an inverted-U pattern. Through a process called synaptic pruning, unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain are eliminated and the amount of grey matter is pared down. How... | Does the brain become more or less efficient as a result of synaptic pruning? | Does the brain become more or less efficient as a result of synaptic pruning? | [
"Does the brain become more or less efficient as a result of synaptic pruning?"
] | {
"text": [
"more efficient"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113226 | 570defaa0b85d914000d7c0f | Adolescence | Adolescence is also a time for rapid cognitive development. Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease. This allows the individual to think and reason in a wider perspective. A combination of behavioural... | Who describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form? | Who describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form? | [
"Who describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form?"
] | {
"text": [
"Piaget"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113227 | 570defaa0b85d914000d7c10 | Adolescence | Adolescence is also a time for rapid cognitive development. Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease. This allows the individual to think and reason in a wider perspective. A combination of behavioural... | What is another term for congitive skills that enable the control and coordination of thoughts and behavior? | What is another term for congitive skills that enable the control and coordination of thoughts and behavior? | [
"What is another term for congitive skills that enable the control and coordination of thoughts and behavior?"
] | {
"text": [
"executive functions"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113228 | 570defaa0b85d914000d7c11 | Adolescence | Adolescence is also a time for rapid cognitive development. Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease. This allows the individual to think and reason in a wider perspective. A combination of behavioural... | Which cortex is commonly associated with the coordination of thoughts and behavior? | Which cortex is commonly associated with the coordination of thoughts and behavior? | [
"Which cortex is commonly associated with the coordination of thoughts and behavior?"
] | {
"text": [
"prefrontal cortex"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113229 | 570defaa0b85d914000d7c12 | Adolescence | Adolescence is also a time for rapid cognitive development. Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease. This allows the individual to think and reason in a wider perspective. A combination of behavioural... | Does Piaget believe that egocentric thoughts decrease or increase during adolescence? | Does Piaget believe that egocentric thoughts decrease or increase during adolescence? | [
"Does Piaget believe that egocentric thoughts decrease or increase during adolescence?"
] | {
"text": [
"decrease"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113230 | 570df0740b85d914000d7c17 | Adolescence | The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits ... | Do adolescents or children understand puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies most effectively? | Do adolescents or children understand puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies most effectively? | [
"Do adolescents or children understand puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies most effectively?"
] | {
"text": [
"adolescents"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113231 | 570df0740b85d914000d7c18 | Adolescence | The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits ... | Children under what age often cannot comprehend sarcasm? | Children under what age often cannot comprehend sarcasm? | [
"Children under what age often cannot comprehend sarcasm?"
] | {
"text": [
"nine"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113232 | 570df0740b85d914000d7c19 | Adolescence | The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits ... | Are puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies lower-order or higher-order logic? | Are puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies lower-order or higher-order logic? | [
"Are puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies lower-order or higher-order logic?"
] | {
"text": [
"higher-order"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113233 | 570df0740b85d914000d7c1a | Adolescence | The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits ... | The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is a notable aspect of what type of development during adolescence? | The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is a notable aspect of what type of development during adolescence? | [
"The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is a notable aspect of what type of development during adolescence?"
] | {
"text": [
"cognitive"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113234 | 570df13e0dc6ce1900204d25 | Adolescence | Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (car crashes, alcohol, unprotected sex), a great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are mor... | Most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to what? | Most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to what? | [
"Most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"risky behavior"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113235 | 570df13e0dc6ce1900204d26 | Adolescence | Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (car crashes, alcohol, unprotected sex), a great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are mor... | Do adolescents or adults seem to give more weight to rewards? | Do adolescents or adults seem to give more weight to rewards? | [
"Do adolescents or adults seem to give more weight to rewards?"
] | {
"text": [
"adolescents"
],
"answer_start": [
766
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113236 | 570df13e0dc6ce1900204d27 | Adolescence | Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (car crashes, alcohol, unprotected sex), a great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are mor... | Do adolescents, adults, or both weight the potential rewards and consequences of an action? | Do adolescents, adults, or both weight the potential rewards and consequences of an action? | [
"Do adolescents, adults, or both weight the potential rewards and consequences of an action?"
] | {
"text": [
"both"
],
"answer_start": [
669
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113237 | 570df13e0dc6ce1900204d28 | Adolescence | Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (car crashes, alcohol, unprotected sex), a great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are mor... | Which theory proposes that adults and adolescents both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action? | Which theory proposes that adults and adolescents both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action? | [
"Which theory proposes that adults and adolescents both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action?"
] | {
"text": [
"behavioral decision-making theory"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113238 | 570df2080dc6ce1900204d37 | Adolescence | Further distinctions in self-concept, called "differentiation," occur as the adolescent recognizes the contextual influences on their own behavior and the perceptions of others, and begin to qualify their traits when asked to describe themselves. Differentiation appears fully developed by mid-adolescence. Peaking in th... | When does differentiation appear fully developed? | When does differentiation appear fully developed? | [
"When does differentiation appear fully developed?"
] | {
"text": [
"by mid-adolescence"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113239 | 570df2080dc6ce1900204d38 | Adolescence | Further distinctions in self-concept, called "differentiation," occur as the adolescent recognizes the contextual influences on their own behavior and the perceptions of others, and begin to qualify their traits when asked to describe themselves. Differentiation appears fully developed by mid-adolescence. Peaking in th... | When adolescents begin to qualify their traits, what are they demonstrating? | When adolescents begin to qualify their traits, what are they demonstrating? | [
"When adolescents begin to qualify their traits, what are they demonstrating?"
] | {
"text": [
"differentiation"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113240 | 570df2080dc6ce1900204d39 | Adolescence | Further distinctions in self-concept, called "differentiation," occur as the adolescent recognizes the contextual influences on their own behavior and the perceptions of others, and begin to qualify their traits when asked to describe themselves. Differentiation appears fully developed by mid-adolescence. Peaking in th... | Does the recognition of inconsistent content in one's self-concept typically bring distress or peace to an adolescent? | Does the recognition of inconsistent content in one's self-concept typically bring distress or peace to an adolescent? | [
"Does the recognition of inconsistent content in one's self-concept typically bring distress or peace to an adolescent?"
] | {
"text": [
"distress"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113241 | 570df27f0dc6ce1900204d3d | Adolescence | In 1989, Troiden proposed a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity. The first stage, known as sensitization, usually starts in childhood, and is marked by the child's becoming aware of same-sex attractions. The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later. In this stage... | In what year did Troiden propose a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity? | In what year did Troiden propose a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity? | [
"In what year did Troiden propose a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity?"
] | {
"text": [
"1989"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113242 | 570df27f0dc6ce1900204d3e | Adolescence | In 1989, Troiden proposed a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity. The first stage, known as sensitization, usually starts in childhood, and is marked by the child's becoming aware of same-sex attractions. The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later. In this stage... | What is Troiden's first stage of development known as? | What is Troiden's first stage of development known as? | [
"What is Troiden's first stage of development known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"sensitization"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113243 | 570df27f0dc6ce1900204d3f | Adolescence | In 1989, Troiden proposed a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity. The first stage, known as sensitization, usually starts in childhood, and is marked by the child's becoming aware of same-sex attractions. The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later. In this stage... | When does sensitization usually start? | When does sensitization usually start? | [
"When does sensitization usually start?"
] | {
"text": [
"childhood"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113244 | 570df27f0dc6ce1900204d40 | Adolescence | In 1989, Troiden proposed a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity. The first stage, known as sensitization, usually starts in childhood, and is marked by the child's becoming aware of same-sex attractions. The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later. In this stage... | Troiden's second stage is referred to as what? | Troiden's second stage is referred to as what? | [
"Troiden's second stage is referred to as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity confusion"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113245 | 570df27f0dc6ce1900204d41 | Adolescence | In 1989, Troiden proposed a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity. The first stage, known as sensitization, usually starts in childhood, and is marked by the child's becoming aware of same-sex attractions. The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later. In this stage... | In what stage is youth overwhelmed by feelings of inner turmoil regarding their sexual orientation? | In what stage is youth overwhelmed by feelings of inner turmoil regarding their sexual orientation? | [
"In what stage is youth overwhelmed by feelings of inner turmoil regarding their sexual orientation?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity confusion"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113246 | 570df36e0b85d914000d7c1f | Adolescence | During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; sibli... | Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence? | Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence? | [
"Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence?"
] | {
"text": [
"increases"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113247 | 570df36e0b85d914000d7c20 | Adolescence | During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; sibli... | When siblings act as peers, what positive effects are possible? | When siblings act as peers, what positive effects are possible? | [
"When siblings act as peers, what positive effects are possible?"
] | {
"text": [
"increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth"
],
"answer_start": [
695
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113248 | 570df36e0b85d914000d7c21 | Adolescence | During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; sibli... | At what stage to mixed-sex siblings generally experience an increase in intimacy? | At what stage to mixed-sex siblings generally experience an increase in intimacy? | [
"At what stage to mixed-sex siblings generally experience an increase in intimacy?"
] | {
"text": [
"middle adolescence"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113249 | 570df3f10dc6ce1900204d51 | Adolescence | Adolescents tend to associate with "cliques" on a small scale and "crowds" on a larger scale. During early adolescence, adolescents often associate in cliques, exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close. Despite the common notion that cliques are an inherently negative influence, they m... | Do adolescents associate with "cliques" on a large or small scale? | Do adolescents associate with "cliques" on a large or small scale? | [
"Do adolescents associate with \"cliques\" on a large or small scale?"
] | {
"text": [
"small"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113250 | 570df3f10dc6ce1900204d52 | Adolescence | Adolescents tend to associate with "cliques" on a small scale and "crowds" on a larger scale. During early adolescence, adolescents often associate in cliques, exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close. Despite the common notion that cliques are an inherently negative influence, they m... | How are cliques defined? | How are cliques defined? | [
"How are cliques defined?"
] | {
"text": [
"exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113251 | 570df3f10dc6ce1900204d53 | Adolescence | Adolescents tend to associate with "cliques" on a small scale and "crowds" on a larger scale. During early adolescence, adolescents often associate in cliques, exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close. Despite the common notion that cliques are an inherently negative influence, they m... | What are the positive effects that cliques may have on an adolescent? | What are the positive effects that cliques may have on an adolescent? | [
"What are the positive effects that cliques may have on an adolescent?"
] | {
"text": [
"help adolescents become socially acclimated and form a stronger sense of identity"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113252 | 570df3f10dc6ce1900204d54 | Adolescence | Adolescents tend to associate with "cliques" on a small scale and "crowds" on a larger scale. During early adolescence, adolescents often associate in cliques, exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close. Despite the common notion that cliques are an inherently negative influence, they m... | Do adolescents associate with "crowds" on a large or small scale? | Do adolescents associate with "crowds" on a large or small scale? | [
"Do adolescents associate with \"crowds\" on a large or small scale?"
] | {
"text": [
"larger"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113253 | 570df4f00dc6ce1900204d63 | Adolescence | Dating violence is fairly prevalent within adolescent relationships. When surveyed, 10-45% of adolescents reported having experienced physical violence in the context of a relationship while a quarter to a third of adolescents reported having experiencing psychological aggression. This reported aggression includes hitt... | What percentage of adolescents reporting having experienced physical violence in a relationship? | What percentage of adolescents reporting having experienced physical violence in a relationship? | [
"What percentage of adolescents reporting having experienced physical violence in a relationship?"
] | {
"text": [
"10-45%"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113254 | 570df4f00dc6ce1900204d64 | Adolescence | Dating violence is fairly prevalent within adolescent relationships. When surveyed, 10-45% of adolescents reported having experienced physical violence in the context of a relationship while a quarter to a third of adolescents reported having experiencing psychological aggression. This reported aggression includes hitt... | What percentage of adolescents reported experiencing psychological aggression? | What percentage of adolescents reported experiencing psychological aggression? | [
"What percentage of adolescents reported experiencing psychological aggression?"
] | {
"text": [
"a quarter to a third"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113255 | 570df4f00dc6ce1900204d65 | Adolescence | Dating violence is fairly prevalent within adolescent relationships. When surveyed, 10-45% of adolescents reported having experienced physical violence in the context of a relationship while a quarter to a third of adolescents reported having experiencing psychological aggression. This reported aggression includes hitt... | Hitting, throwing objects, and slaps are examples of what type of aggression? | Hitting, throwing objects, and slaps are examples of what type of aggression? | [
"Hitting, throwing objects, and slaps are examples of what type of aggression?"
] | {
"text": [
"Physical"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113256 | 570df4f00dc6ce1900204d66 | Adolescence | Dating violence is fairly prevalent within adolescent relationships. When surveyed, 10-45% of adolescents reported having experienced physical violence in the context of a relationship while a quarter to a third of adolescents reported having experiencing psychological aggression. This reported aggression includes hitt... | In heterosexual adolescent couples, is there a significant difference in the rates of male and female aggressors? | In heterosexual adolescent couples, is there a significant difference in the rates of male and female aggressors? | [
"In heterosexual adolescent couples, is there a significant difference in the rates of male and female aggressors?"
] | {
"text": [
"no"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113257 | 570df4f00dc6ce1900204d67 | Adolescence | Dating violence is fairly prevalent within adolescent relationships. When surveyed, 10-45% of adolescents reported having experienced physical violence in the context of a relationship while a quarter to a third of adolescents reported having experiencing psychological aggression. This reported aggression includes hitt... | Does physical aggression decline or increase during high-school, college, and early adulthood? | Does physical aggression decline or increase during high-school, college, and early adulthood? | [
"Does physical aggression decline or increase during high-school, college, and early adulthood?"
] | {
"text": [
"decline"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113258 | 570df5a00dc6ce1900204d6d | Adolescence | The lifestyle of an adolescent in a given culture is profoundly shaped by the roles and responsibilities he or she is expected to assume. The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior. For instance, adolescents in certain ... | Does adolescent participation in family work and routines have a positive or negative influence on feelings of self-worth, care, and concern for others? | Does adolescent participation in family work and routines have a positive or negative influence on feelings of self-worth, care, and concern for others? | [
"Does adolescent participation in family work and routines have a positive or negative influence on feelings of self-worth, care, and concern for others?"
] | {
"text": [
"positive"
],
"answer_start": [
699
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113259 | 570df5a00dc6ce1900204d6e | Adolescence | The lifestyle of an adolescent in a given culture is profoundly shaped by the roles and responsibilities he or she is expected to assume. The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior. For instance, adolescents in certain ... | What is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior? | What is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior? | [
"What is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior?"
] | {
"text": [
"The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113260 | 570df5a00dc6ce1900204d6f | Adolescence | The lifestyle of an adolescent in a given culture is profoundly shaped by the roles and responsibilities he or she is expected to assume. The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior. For instance, adolescents in certain ... | How are household chores frequently divided? | How are household chores frequently divided? | [
"How are household chores frequently divided?"
] | {
"text": [
"self-care tasks and family-care tasks"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113261 | 570df6e20b85d914000d7c25 | Adolescence | Adolescence is frequently characterized by a transformation of an adolescent's understanding of the world, the rational direction towards a life course, and the active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority. An adolescent begins to develop a unique belief system through his or ... | Through what means does an adolescent develop a unique belief system? | Through what means does an adolescent develop a unique belief system? | [
"Through what means does an adolescent develop a unique belief system?"
] | {
"text": [
"interaction with social, familial, and cultural environments"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113262 | 570df6e20b85d914000d7c26 | Adolescence | Adolescence is frequently characterized by a transformation of an adolescent's understanding of the world, the rational direction towards a life course, and the active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority. An adolescent begins to develop a unique belief system through his or ... | The active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority is known as what stage of development? | The active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority is known as what stage of development? | [
"The active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority is known as what stage of development?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adolescence"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113263 | 570df6e20b85d914000d7c27 | Adolescence | Adolescence is frequently characterized by a transformation of an adolescent's understanding of the world, the rational direction towards a life course, and the active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority. An adolescent begins to develop a unique belief system through his or ... | What things are youth responsible for forming a set of beliefs about during adolescence? | What things are youth responsible for forming a set of beliefs about during adolescence? | [
"What things are youth responsible for forming a set of beliefs about during adolescence?"
] | {
"text": [
"themselves, the world around them, and whatever higher powers they may or may not believe in"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113264 | 570df6e20b85d914000d7c28 | Adolescence | Adolescence is frequently characterized by a transformation of an adolescent's understanding of the world, the rational direction towards a life course, and the active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority. An adolescent begins to develop a unique belief system through his or ... | Ceremonies, rituals, and confirmations are examples of what? | Ceremonies, rituals, and confirmations are examples of what? | [
"Ceremonies, rituals, and confirmations are examples of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"cultural traditions that intend to provide a meaningful transition to adulthood"
],
"answer_start": [
684
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113265 | 570df7fc0b85d914000d7c37 | Adolescence | Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' hom... | What percentage of adolescent homes have access to the internet? | What percentage of adolescent homes have access to the internet? | [
"What percentage of adolescent homes have access to the internet?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than three-quarters"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113266 | 570df7fc0b85d914000d7c38 | Adolescence | Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' hom... | What percentage of adolescents use the internet at least occasionally? | What percentage of adolescents use the internet at least occasionally? | [
"What percentage of adolescents use the internet at least occasionally?"
] | {
"text": [
"90%"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113267 | 570df7fc0b85d914000d7c39 | Adolescence | Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' hom... | In the last decade, has the amount oftime adolescents spend on the computer increased or dereased? | In the last decade, has the amount oftime adolescents spend on the computer increased or dereased? | [
"In the last decade, has the amount oftime adolescents spend on the computer increased or dereased?"
] | {
"text": [
"greatly increased"
],
"answer_start": [
625
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113268 | 570df7fc0b85d914000d7c3a | Adolescence | Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' hom... | What percentage of adolescents report using social networking sites? | What percentage of adolescents report using social networking sites? | [
"What percentage of adolescents report using social networking sites?"
] | {
"text": [
"(65%)"
],
"answer_start": [
810
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113269 | 570df7fc0b85d914000d7c3b | Adolescence | Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' hom... | What online activity has the largest number of reported adolescent particpation? | What online activity has the largest number of reported adolescent particpation? | [
"What online activity has the largest number of reported adolescent particpation?"
] | {
"text": [
"video games"
],
"answer_start": [
714
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113270 | 570df8950b85d914000d7c41 | Adolescence | At the decision-making point of their lives, youth is susceptible to drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities. Developmental Intervention Science (DIS) is a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences. This association conducts youth intervent... | What is DIS? | What is DIS? | [
"What is DIS?"
] | {
"text": [
"a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113271 | 570df8950b85d914000d7c42 | Adolescence | At the decision-making point of their lives, youth is susceptible to drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities. Developmental Intervention Science (DIS) is a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences. This association conducts youth intervent... | What are some of the negative things adolescents are susceptible to? | What are some of the negative things adolescents are susceptible to? | [
"What are some of the negative things adolescents are susceptible to?"
] | {
"text": [
"drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113272 | 570df8950b85d914000d7c43 | Adolescence | At the decision-making point of their lives, youth is susceptible to drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities. Developmental Intervention Science (DIS) is a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences. This association conducts youth intervent... | What does the DIS focus on in adolescents? | What does the DIS focus on in adolescents? | [
"What does the DIS focus on in adolescents?"
] | {
"text": [
"risky and inappropriate behaviors"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113273 | 570df9a50dc6ce1900204d7d | Adolescence | Peer acceptance and social norms gain a significantly greater hand in directing behavior at the onset of adolescence; as such, the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped largely by the substance use of friends and other classmates. In fact, studies suggest that more significantly than actual drug no... | What does the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped by? | What does the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped by? | [
"What does the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped by?"
] | {
"text": [
"the substance use of friends and other classmates"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113274 | 570df9a50dc6ce1900204d7e | Adolescence | Peer acceptance and social norms gain a significantly greater hand in directing behavior at the onset of adolescence; as such, the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped largely by the substance use of friends and other classmates. In fact, studies suggest that more significantly than actual drug no... | What is one possible reasoning behind many students choosing to continue their smoking habits from middle school into late adolescence? | What is one possible reasoning behind many students choosing to continue their smoking habits from middle school into late adolescence? | [
"What is one possible reasoning behind many students choosing to continue their smoking habits from middle school into late adolescence?"
] | {
"text": [
"addictive nature of cigarettes"
],
"answer_start": [
934
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113275 | 570df9a50dc6ce1900204d7f | Adolescence | Peer acceptance and social norms gain a significantly greater hand in directing behavior at the onset of adolescence; as such, the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped largely by the substance use of friends and other classmates. In fact, studies suggest that more significantly than actual drug no... | Do peer acceptance and social norms have a greater or lesser effect on behavior at the onset of adolescence? | Do peer acceptance and social norms have a greater or lesser effect on behavior at the onset of adolescence? | [
"Do peer acceptance and social norms have a greater or lesser effect on behavior at the onset of adolescence?"
] | {
"text": [
"significantly greater"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113276 | 570dfa320b85d914000d7c47 | Adolescence | The age of consent to sexual activity varies widely between jurisdictions, ranging from 12 to 20 years, as does the age at which people are allowed to marry. Specific legal ages for adolescents that also vary by culture are enlisting in the military, gambling, and the purchase of alcohol, cigarettes or items with paren... | What is the range of consentual age variance between jurisdictions? | What is the range of consentual age variance between jurisdictions? | [
"What is the range of consentual age variance between jurisdictions?"
] | {
"text": [
"12 to 20 years"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113277 | 570dfa320b85d914000d7c48 | Adolescence | The age of consent to sexual activity varies widely between jurisdictions, ranging from 12 to 20 years, as does the age at which people are allowed to marry. Specific legal ages for adolescents that also vary by culture are enlisting in the military, gambling, and the purchase of alcohol, cigarettes or items with paren... | Is the age that peope are allowed to marry universally decided upon? | Is the age that peope are allowed to marry universally decided upon? | [
"Is the age that peope are allowed to marry universally decided upon?"
] | {
"text": [
"No"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113278 | 570dfa320b85d914000d7c49 | Adolescence | The age of consent to sexual activity varies widely between jurisdictions, ranging from 12 to 20 years, as does the age at which people are allowed to marry. Specific legal ages for adolescents that also vary by culture are enlisting in the military, gambling, and the purchase of alcohol, cigarettes or items with paren... | What are other areas in which legal societal age varies? | What are other areas in which legal societal age varies? | [
"What are other areas in which legal societal age varies?"
] | {
"text": [
"enlisting in the military, gambling, and the purchase of alcohol, cigarettes or items with parental advisory labels"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113279 | 572e9317cb0c0d14000f12e2 | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | The word Vacuum stems from what Latin adjective? | The word Vacuum stems from what Latin adjective? | [
"The word Vacuum stems from what Latin adjective?"
] | {
"text": [
"vacuus"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113280 | 572e9317cb0c0d14000f12e3 | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | What does the term used by Physicists, partial vacuum, refer to? | What does the term used by Physicists, partial vacuum, refer to? | [
"What does the term used by Physicists, partial vacuum, refer to?"
] | {
"text": [
"imperfect vacuum"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113281 | 572e9317cb0c0d14000f12e4 | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | What is a vacuum? | What is a vacuum? | [
"What is a vacuum?"
] | {
"text": [
"space void of matter"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113282 | 572e9317cb0c0d14000f12e5 | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | What type of pressure is less than atmospheric pressure in a vacuum? | What type of pressure is less than atmospheric pressure in a vacuum? | [
"What type of pressure is less than atmospheric pressure in a vacuum?"
] | {
"text": [
"gaseous"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113283 | 572e9317cb0c0d14000f12e6 | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | What Latin term is used to describe an object in a vacuum? | What Latin term is used to describe an object in a vacuum? | [
"What Latin term is used to describe an object in a vacuum?"
] | {
"text": [
"in vacuo"
],
"answer_start": [
619
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113284 | 5a876fda1d3cee001a6a1198 | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | What Latin adjective does atmospheric pressure come from? | What Latin adjective does atmospheric pressure come from? | [
"What Latin adjective does atmospheric pressure come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113285 | 5a876fda1d3cee001a6a1199 | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | What is the definition of atmospheric pressure? | What is the definition of atmospheric pressure? | [
"What is the definition of atmospheric pressure?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113286 | 5a876fda1d3cee001a6a119a | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | What do physicists often discuss will occur in a certain atmospheric pressure? | What do physicists often discuss will occur in a certain atmospheric pressure? | [
"What do physicists often discuss will occur in a certain atmospheric pressure?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113287 | 5a876fda1d3cee001a6a119b | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | What does the term partial atmospheric pressure refer to? | What does the term partial atmospheric pressure refer to? | [
"What does the term partial atmospheric pressure refer to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113288 | 5a876fda1d3cee001a6a119c | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | What latin term is used to describe an object under atmospheric pressure? | What latin term is used to describe an object under atmospheric pressure? | [
"What latin term is used to describe an object under atmospheric pressure?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113289 | 572e95ba03f98919007567d9 | Vacuum | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambe... | The Vacuum state is considered what? | The Vacuum state is considered what? | [
"The Vacuum state is considered what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the ground state of matter."
],
"answer_start": [
1015
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113290 | 572e95ba03f98919007567da | Vacuum | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambe... | A typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to do what to air pressure? | A typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to do what to air pressure? | [
"A typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to do what to air pressure?"
] | {
"text": [
"reduce air pressure by around 20%"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113291 | 572e95ba03f98919007567db | Vacuum | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambe... | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to what? | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to what? | [
"The quality of a partial vacuum refers to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113292 | 572e95ba03f98919007567dc | Vacuum | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambe... | Outer space has a high quality vacuum with what equivalent? | Outer space has a high quality vacuum with what equivalent? | [
"Outer space has a high quality vacuum with what equivalent?"
] | {
"text": [
"a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113293 | 572e95ba03f98919007567dd | Vacuum | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambe... | If all matter is removed from a vacuum, would it be empty space? | If all matter is removed from a vacuum, would it be empty space? | [
"If all matter is removed from a vacuum, would it be empty space?"
] | {
"text": [
"it would still not be \"empty\""
],
"answer_start": [
692
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113294 | 5a8771811d3cee001a6a11ac | Vacuum | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambe... | What does a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter reduce air pressure by? | What does a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter reduce air pressure by? | [
"What does a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter reduce air pressure by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113295 | 5a8771811d3cee001a6a11ad | Vacuum | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambe... | What does the quality of dark energy refer to? | What does the quality of dark energy refer to? | [
"What does the quality of dark energy refer to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113296 | 5a8771811d3cee001a6a11ae | Vacuum | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambe... | What does lower amounts of dark matter mean? | What does lower amounts of dark matter mean? | [
"What does lower amounts of dark matter mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113297 | 5a8771811d3cee001a6a11af | Vacuum | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambe... | In what century was dark matter discovered? | In what century was dark matter discovered? | [
"In what century was dark matter discovered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113298 | 5a8771811d3cee001a6a11b0 | Vacuum | The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambe... | What does dark matter usually operate below in space? | What does dark matter usually operate below in space? | [
"What does dark matter usually operate below in space?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113299 | 572e97a3dfa6aa1500f8d19f | Vacuum | Historically, there has been much dispute over whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist. Ancient Greek philosophers debated the existence of a vacuum, or void, in the context of atomism, which posited void and atom as the fundamental explanatory elements of physics. Following Plato, even the abstract concept of a fea... | What did Aristotle believe about a void? | What did Aristotle believe about a void? | [
"What did Aristotle believe about a void?"
] | {
"text": [
"no void could occur naturally,"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
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