gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-15900 | 5a830244e60761001a2eb2f0 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What do virtually no culture techniques rely on at some point? | What do virtually no culture techniques rely on at some point? | [
"What do virtually no culture techniques rely on at some point?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15901 | 5a830244e60761001a2eb2f1 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What can samples obtained from patients be viewed by from far away? | What can samples obtained from patients be viewed by from far away? | [
"What can samples obtained from patients be viewed by from far away?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15902 | 5a830244e60761001a2eb2f2 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | When is microscopy exquisitely useless? | When is microscopy exquisitely useless? | [
"When is microscopy exquisitely useless?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15903 | 5a830244e60761001a2eb2f3 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What are antibodies with artificial fluorescence unable to do? | What are antibodies with artificial fluorescence unable to do? | [
"What are antibodies with artificial fluorescence unable to do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15904 | 57342435d058e614000b69e4 | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | What do almost all cells readily stain with? | What do almost all cells readily stain with? | [
"What do almost all cells readily stain with?"
] | {
"text": [
"a number of basic dyes"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15905 | 57342435d058e614000b69e5 | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | Why do cells easily stain with dyes? | Why do cells easily stain with dyes? | [
"Why do cells easily stain with dyes?"
] | {
"text": [
"electrostatic attraction"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15906 | 57342435d058e614000b69e6 | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | What electronic charge do cellular molecules have? | What electronic charge do cellular molecules have? | [
"What electronic charge do cellular molecules have?"
] | {
"text": [
"negatively charged"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15907 | 57342435d058e614000b69e7 | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | What is Geimsa stain? | What is Geimsa stain? | [
"What is Geimsa stain?"
] | {
"text": [
"a dye"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15908 | 57342435d058e614000b69e8 | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | How many methods comprise standard approaches used to classify bacteria and diagnose disease? | How many methods comprise standard approaches used to classify bacteria and diagnose disease? | [
"How many methods comprise standard approaches used to classify bacteria and diagnose disease?"
] | {
"text": [
"Two"
],
"answer_start": [
684
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15909 | 5a830323e60761001a2eb2f9 | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | What do few cells readily stain with? | What do few cells readily stain with? | [
"What do few cells readily stain with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15910 | 5a830323e60761001a2eb2fa | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | Why do cells have difficulty staining with dyes? | Why do cells have difficulty staining with dyes? | [
"Why do cells have difficulty staining with dyes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15911 | 5a830323e60761001a2eb2fb | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | What electronic charge do cellular molecules destroy? | What electronic charge do cellular molecules destroy? | [
"What electronic charge do cellular molecules destroy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15912 | 5a830323e60761001a2eb2fc | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | How many methods comprise unorthodox approaches used to classify bacteria and diagnose disease? | How many methods comprise unorthodox approaches used to classify bacteria and diagnose disease? | [
"How many methods comprise unorthodox approaches used to classify bacteria and diagnose disease?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15913 | 5a830323e60761001a2eb2fd | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | What is the rarest method used to classify bacteria and to diagnose a disease? | What is the rarest method used to classify bacteria and to diagnose a disease? | [
"What is the rarest method used to classify bacteria and to diagnose a disease?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15914 | 5734257c4776f41900661961 | Infection | The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the vira... | What needs to be isolated from infected tissue to provide a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease? | What needs to be isolated from infected tissue to provide a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease? | [
"What needs to be isolated from infected tissue to provide a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease?"
] | {
"text": [
"enzymes"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15915 | 5734257c4776f41900661962 | Infection | The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the vira... | What enzyme's presence is characteristic of specific types of viral infections? | What enzyme's presence is characteristic of specific types of viral infections? | [
"What enzyme's presence is characteristic of specific types of viral infections?"
] | {
"text": [
"RNA replicases"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15916 | 5734257c4776f41900661963 | Infection | The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the vira... | What does the protein hemagglutinin bind together? | What does the protein hemagglutinin bind together? | [
"What does the protein hemagglutinin bind together?"
] | {
"text": [
"red blood cells"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15917 | 5734257c4776f41900661964 | Infection | The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the vira... | Why are the presence of certain enymzes a tell tale sign of a virus? | Why are the presence of certain enymzes a tell tale sign of a virus? | [
"Why are the presence of certain enymzes a tell tale sign of a virus?"
] | {
"text": [
"humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15918 | 5a830437e60761001a2eb303 | Infection | The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the vira... | What needs to be combined with infected tissue to provide a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease? | What needs to be combined with infected tissue to provide a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease? | [
"What needs to be combined with infected tissue to provide a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15919 | 5a830437e60761001a2eb304 | Infection | The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the vira... | What enzyme's absence is characteristic of specific types of viral infections? | What enzyme's absence is characteristic of specific types of viral infections? | [
"What enzyme's absence is characteristic of specific types of viral infections?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15920 | 5a830437e60761001a2eb305 | Infection | The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the vira... | What does the protein hemagglutinin pull apart? | What does the protein hemagglutinin pull apart? | [
"What does the protein hemagglutinin pull apart?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15921 | 5a830437e60761001a2eb306 | Infection | The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the vira... | Why are the presence of certain enzymes a sign of good health? | Why are the presence of certain enzymes a sign of good health? | [
"Why are the presence of certain enzymes a sign of good health?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15922 | 57342628d058e614000b6a0c | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What methods are highly sensitive, specifc and rapid tests used to identify microorganisms? | What methods are highly sensitive, specifc and rapid tests used to identify microorganisms? | [
"What methods are highly sensitive, specifc and rapid tests used to identify microorganisms?"
] | {
"text": [
"Serological"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15923 | 57342628d058e614000b6a0d | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What are serological tests based upon the ability of an antibody to do? | What are serological tests based upon the ability of an antibody to do? | [
"What are serological tests based upon the ability of an antibody to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"bind specifically to an antigen"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15924 | 57342628d058e614000b6a0e | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What is the antigen bound to by the antibody usually? | What is the antigen bound to by the antibody usually? | [
"What is the antigen bound to by the antibody usually?"
] | {
"text": [
"a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15925 | 57342628d058e614000b6a0f | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What does the binding set off that will result in something visibly obvious in various ways? | What does the binding set off that will result in something visibly obvious in various ways? | [
"What does the binding set off that will result in something visibly obvious in various ways?"
] | {
"text": [
"a chain of events"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15926 | 57342628d058e614000b6a10 | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What is the causative agent of "strep throat"? | What is the causative agent of "strep throat"? | [
"What is the causative agent of \"strep throat\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"S. pyogenes"
],
"answer_start": [
558
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15927 | 5a83060be60761001a2eb30b | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What methods are highly sensitive, general and slow tests used to identify microorganisms? | What methods are highly sensitive, general and slow tests used to identify microorganisms? | [
"What methods are highly sensitive, general and slow tests used to identify microorganisms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15928 | 5a83060be60761001a2eb30c | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What are serological tests based upon the ability of an antibody to avoid? | What are serological tests based upon the ability of an antibody to avoid? | [
"What are serological tests based upon the ability of an antibody to avoid?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15929 | 5a83060be60761001a2eb30d | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What is the antigen bound to by the antibody usually not part of? | What is the antigen bound to by the antibody usually not part of? | [
"What is the antigen bound to by the antibody usually not part of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15930 | 5a83060be60761001a2eb30e | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What does the binding set off that will result in something invisible in various ways? | What does the binding set off that will result in something invisible in various ways? | [
"What does the binding set off that will result in something invisible in various ways?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15931 | 5a83060be60761001a2eb30f | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What is the special agent of "strep throat"? | What is the special agent of "strep throat"? | [
"What is the special agent of \"strep throat\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15932 | 57342720d058e614000b6a26 | Infection | Complex serological techniques have been developed into what are known as Immunoassays. Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation. Signal of unknowns can be compared to that ... | What are immunoassays? | What are immunoassays? | [
"What are immunoassays?"
] | {
"text": [
"Complex serological techniques"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15933 | 57342720d058e614000b6a27 | Infection | Complex serological techniques have been developed into what are known as Immunoassays. Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation. Signal of unknowns can be compared to that ... | What type of signal do immunoassays produce? | What type of signal do immunoassays produce? | [
"What type of signal do immunoassays produce?"
] | {
"text": [
"electro - magnetic or particle radiation"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15934 | 57342720d058e614000b6a28 | Infection | Complex serological techniques have been developed into what are known as Immunoassays. Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation. Signal of unknowns can be compared to that ... | What allows quantitation of the target antigen? | What allows quantitation of the target antigen? | [
"What allows quantitation of the target antigen?"
] | {
"text": [
"unknowns can be compared to that of standards"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15935 | 57342720d058e614000b6a29 | Infection | Complex serological techniques have been developed into what are known as Immunoassays. Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation. Signal of unknowns can be compared to that ... | Immunoassays are able to detect what type of proteins? | Immunoassays are able to detect what type of proteins? | [
"Immunoassays are able to detect what type of proteins?"
] | {
"text": [
"generated by an infected organism in response to a foreign agent"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15936 | 5a8306fae60761001a2eb315 | Infection | Complex serological techniques have been developed into what are known as Immunoassays. Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation. Signal of unknowns can be compared to that ... | What are immunoassays banned from being? | What are immunoassays banned from being? | [
"What are immunoassays banned from being?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15937 | 5a8306fae60761001a2eb316 | Infection | Complex serological techniques have been developed into what are known as Immunoassays. Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation. Signal of unknowns can be compared to that ... | What type of signal do immunoassays absorb? | What type of signal do immunoassays absorb? | [
"What type of signal do immunoassays absorb?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15938 | 5a8306fae60761001a2eb317 | Infection | Complex serological techniques have been developed into what are known as Immunoassays. Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation. Signal of unknowns can be compared to that ... | What stops quantitation of the target antigen? | What stops quantitation of the target antigen? | [
"What stops quantitation of the target antigen?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15939 | 5a8306fae60761001a2eb318 | Infection | Complex serological techniques have been developed into what are known as Immunoassays. Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation. Signal of unknowns can be compared to that ... | What type of proteins are undetectable by Immunoassays? | What type of proteins are undetectable by Immunoassays? | [
"What type of proteins are undetectable by Immunoassays?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15940 | 573427ac4776f419006619a5 | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What does the acronym PCR expand to? | What does the acronym PCR expand to? | [
"What does the acronym PCR expand to?"
] | {
"text": [
"polymerase chain reaction"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15941 | 573427ac4776f419006619a6 | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What will be the ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics in the near future? | What will be the ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics in the near future? | [
"What will be the ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics in the near future?"
] | {
"text": [
"PCR"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15942 | 573427ac4776f419006619a7 | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What has the catalog of infectious agents grown to the point of? | What has the catalog of infectious agents grown to the point of? | [
"What has the catalog of infectious agents grown to the point of?"
] | {
"text": [
"virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been identified"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15943 | 573427ac4776f419006619a8 | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What must an infectious agent do to cause disease? | What must an infectious agent do to cause disease? | [
"What must an infectious agent do to cause disease?"
] | {
"text": [
"grow within the human body"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15944 | 573427ac4776f419006619a9 | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What are primers derived from the genomes of? | What are primers derived from the genomes of? | [
"What are primers derived from the genomes of?"
] | {
"text": [
"infectious agents"
],
"answer_start": [
698
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15945 | 5a8308fde60761001a2eb31d | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What does the acronym PCR abbreviate to? | What does the acronym PCR abbreviate to? | [
"What does the acronym PCR abbreviate to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15946 | 5a8308fde60761001a2eb31e | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What be the silver standards of diagnostics in the distant future? | What be the silver standards of diagnostics in the distant future? | [
"What be the silver standards of diagnostics in the distant future?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15947 | 5a8308fde60761001a2eb31f | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What has the catalog of infectious agents decreased to the point of? | What has the catalog of infectious agents decreased to the point of? | [
"What has the catalog of infectious agents decreased to the point of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15948 | 5a8308fde60761001a2eb320 | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What must an infectious agent prevent to cause disease? | What must an infectious agent prevent to cause disease? | [
"What must an infectious agent prevent to cause disease?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15949 | 5a8308fde60761001a2eb321 | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What are primers excluded by gnomes? | What are primers excluded by gnomes? | [
"What are primers excluded by gnomes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15950 | 5734284ad058e614000b6a48 | Infection | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | What technological ability with regards to detection is currently available? | What technological ability with regards to detection is currently available? | [
"What technological ability with regards to detection is currently available? "
] | {
"text": [
"ability to detect any infectious agent"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15951 | 5734284ad058e614000b6a49 | Infection | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | What are the remaining blockades to the use or PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis? | What are the remaining blockades to the use or PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis? | [
"What are the remaining blockades to the use or PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis?"
] | {
"text": [
"cost and application"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15952 | 5734284ad058e614000b6a4a | Infection | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | What are some diseases which won't benefit from PCR methods? | What are some diseases which won't benefit from PCR methods? | [
"What are some diseases which won't benefit from PCR methods?"
] | {
"text": [
"clostridial diseases"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15953 | 5734284ad058e614000b6a4b | Infection | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | PCR can't detect the presence of any bacteria when what doesn't occur? | PCR can't detect the presence of any bacteria when what doesn't occur? | [
"PCR can't detect the presence of any bacteria when what doesn't occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"significant proliferation of the infectious agent"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15954 | 5a830a2ae60761001a2eb327 | Infection | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | What supernatural ability with regards to detection is currently available? | What supernatural ability with regards to detection is currently available? | [
"What supernatural ability with regards to detection is currently available?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15955 | 5a830a2ae60761001a2eb328 | Infection | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | What are the remaining blockades to the removal of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis? | What are the remaining blockades to the removal of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis? | [
"What are the remaining blockades to the removal of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15956 | 5a830a2ae60761001a2eb329 | Infection | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | What are some diseases which help improve PCR methods? | What are some diseases which help improve PCR methods? | [
"What are some diseases which help improve PCR methods?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15957 | 5a830a2ae60761001a2eb32a | Infection | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | Which blockades to use PCR are currently insurmountable? | Which blockades to use PCR are currently insurmountable? | [
"Which blockades to use PCR are currently insurmountable?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15958 | 5a830a2ae60761001a2eb32b | Infection | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | What diseases are considered fundamentally biological healing? | What diseases are considered fundamentally biological healing? | [
"What diseases are considered fundamentally biological healing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15959 | 57342ac5d058e614000b6a88 | Infection | There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear... | What is used in the treatment of AIDS? | What is used in the treatment of AIDS? | [
"What is used in the treatment of AIDS?"
] | {
"text": [
"AZT"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15960 | 57342ac5d058e614000b6a89 | Infection | There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear... | How was the course of AIDS followed? | How was the course of AIDS followed? | [
"How was the course of AIDS followed?"
] | {
"text": [
"monitoring the composition of patient blood samples"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15961 | 57342ac5d058e614000b6a8a | Infection | There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear... | What could be done by understanding how the disease was transmitted? | What could be done by understanding how the disease was transmitted? | [
"What could be done by understanding how the disease was transmitted?"
] | {
"text": [
"resources could be targeted to the communities at greatest risk"
],
"answer_start": [
782
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15962 | 57342ac5d058e614000b6a8b | Infection | There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear... | What did the genotypic identification of HIV later enable? | What did the genotypic identification of HIV later enable? | [
"What did the genotypic identification of HIV later enable?"
] | {
"text": [
"geographical origins of the virus"
],
"answer_start": [
1081
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15963 | 57342ac5d058e614000b6a8c | Infection | There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear... | What is now commonly used to identify HIV in healthy people before the onset of the illnes? | What is now commonly used to identify HIV in healthy people before the onset of the illnes? | [
"What is now commonly used to identify HIV in healthy people before the onset of the illnes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Molecular diagnostics"
],
"answer_start": [
1308
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15964 | 5a830e00e60761001a2eb331 | Infection | There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear... | What is used as a punishment for AIDS? | What is used as a punishment for AIDS? | [
"What is used as a punishment for AIDS?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15965 | 5a830e00e60761001a2eb332 | Infection | There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear... | How was the course of AIDS hidden? | How was the course of AIDS hidden? | [
"How was the course of AIDS hidden?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15966 | 5a830e00e60761001a2eb333 | Infection | There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear... | What could be in danger by understanding how the disease was transmitted? | What could be in danger by understanding how the disease was transmitted? | [
"What could be in danger by understanding how the disease was transmitted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15967 | 5a830e00e60761001a2eb334 | Infection | There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear... | What did the genotypic identification of HIV later prevent? | What did the genotypic identification of HIV later prevent? | [
"What did the genotypic identification of HIV later prevent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15968 | 5a830e00e60761001a2eb335 | Infection | There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear... | What is now rarely used to identify HIV in healthy people before the onset of the illness? | What is now rarely used to identify HIV in healthy people before the onset of the illness? | [
"What is now rarely used to identify HIV in healthy people before the onset of the illness?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15969 | 57342b4c4776f419006619e7 | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | What can wearing gowns and face masks help prevent? | What can wearing gowns and face masks help prevent? | [
"What can wearing gowns and face masks help prevent?"
] | {
"text": [
"infections from being passed from one person to another"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15970 | 57342b4c4776f419006619e8 | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | What is the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms? | What is the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms? | [
"What is the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms?"
] | {
"text": [
"Frequent hand washing"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15971 | 57342b4c4776f419006619e9 | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | Avoiding drugs and using condoms are other forms of what? | Avoiding drugs and using condoms are other forms of what? | [
"Avoiding drugs and using condoms are other forms of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"prevention"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15972 | 57342b4c4776f419006619ea | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | Why is it important to cook foods well? | Why is it important to cook foods well? | [
"Why is it important to cook foods well?"
] | {
"text": [
"prevention"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15973 | 57342b4c4776f419006619eb | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | What should one do with foods that have been left outside for a long time? | What should one do with foods that have been left outside for a long time? | [
"What should one do with foods that have been left outside for a long time?"
] | {
"text": [
"avoiding"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15974 | 5a830ed5e60761001a2eb33b | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | What can wearing gowns and face masks help facilitate? | What can wearing gowns and face masks help facilitate? | [
"What can wearing gowns and face masks help facilitate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15975 | 5a830ed5e60761001a2eb33c | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | What is the least important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms? | What is the least important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms? | [
"What is the least important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15976 | 5a830ed5e60761001a2eb33d | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | What are consuming drugs and avoiding condoms considered a form of? | What are consuming drugs and avoiding condoms considered a form of? | [
"What are consuming drugs and avoiding condoms considered a form of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15977 | 5a830ed5e60761001a2eb33e | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | What does a balanced diet and regular exercise make impossible? | What does a balanced diet and regular exercise make impossible? | [
"What does a balanced diet and regular exercise make impossible?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15978 | 5a830ed5e60761001a2eb33f | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | What should one do with foods that have not been left outside for a long time? | What should one do with foods that have not been left outside for a long time? | [
"What should one do with foods that have not been left outside for a long time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15979 | 57342c544776f419006619f9 | Infection | One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus... | Recognizing the different characteristics of various diseases is one way to do what? | Recognizing the different characteristics of various diseases is one way to do what? | [
"Recognizing the different characteristics of various diseases is one way to do what?"
] | {
"text": [
"prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15980 | 57342c544776f419006619fa | Infection | One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus... | What are some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated? | What are some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated? | [
"What are some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated?"
] | {
"text": [
"virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15981 | 57342c544776f419006619fb | Infection | One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus... | What virus' strains incapacitate their victims extremely quickly before killing them? | What virus' strains incapacitate their victims extremely quickly before killing them? | [
"What virus' strains incapacitate their victims extremely quickly before killing them?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ebola"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15982 | 57342c544776f419006619fc | Infection | One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus... | Why is the initial stage of Ebola not very contagious? | Why is the initial stage of Ebola not very contagious? | [
"Why is the initial stage of Ebola not very contagious?"
] | {
"text": [
"victims experience only internal hemorrhaging"
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15983 | 57342c544776f419006619fd | Infection | One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus... | What does the low virulence of HIV allow victims to do? | What does the low virulence of HIV allow victims to do? | [
"What does the low virulence of HIV allow victims to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"travel long distances"
],
"answer_start": [
1169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15984 | 5a830f90e60761001a2eb345 | Infection | One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus... | What does recognizing the different characteristics of various diseases allow someone to increase? | What does recognizing the different characteristics of various diseases allow someone to increase? | [
"What does recognizing the different characteristics of various diseases allow someone to increase?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15985 | 5a830f90e60761001a2eb346 | Infection | One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus... | What are some critical disease characteristics that should not be evaluated? | What are some critical disease characteristics that should not be evaluated? | [
"What are some critical disease characteristics that should not be evaluated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15986 | 5a830f90e60761001a2eb347 | Infection | One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus... | What virus' strains strengthen their victims extremely quickly before killing them? | What virus' strains strengthen their victims extremely quickly before killing them? | [
"What virus' strains strengthen their victims extremely quickly before killing them?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15987 | 5a830f90e60761001a2eb348 | Infection | One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus... | Why is the initial stage of Ebola so contagious? | Why is the initial stage of Ebola so contagious? | [
"Why is the initial stage of Ebola so contagious?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15988 | 5a830f90e60761001a2eb349 | Infection | One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus... | What does the extreme virulence of HIV allow victims to do? | What does the extreme virulence of HIV allow victims to do? | [
"What does the extreme virulence of HIV allow victims to do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15989 | 57342d2b4776f41900661a0d | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | Recognizing the effects of small-world networks allows one to decrease what? | Recognizing the effects of small-world networks allows one to decrease what? | [
"Recognizing the effects of small-world networks allows one to decrease what?"
] | {
"text": [
"transmission rate of infectious diseases"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15990 | 57342d2b4776f41900661a0e | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | What type of interactions happen within groups of infected individuals in epidemics? | What type of interactions happen within groups of infected individuals in epidemics? | [
"What type of interactions happen within groups of infected individuals in epidemics?"
] | {
"text": [
"extensive interactions"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15991 | 57342d2b4776f41900661a0f | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | What is a way of drastically reducing infection rates? | What is a way of drastically reducing infection rates? | [
"What is a way of drastically reducing infection rates?"
] | {
"text": [
"focus is on the prevention of transmission jumps"
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15992 | 57342d2b4776f41900661a10 | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | What is an example of a success implementation of preventing transmission jumps? | What is an example of a success implementation of preventing transmission jumps? | [
"What is an example of a success implementation of preventing transmission jumps?"
] | {
"text": [
"needle exchange programs in areas with a high density of drug users"
],
"answer_start": [
757
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15993 | 57342d2b4776f41900661a11 | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus? | When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus? | [
"When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus?"
] | {
"text": [
"2001"
],
"answer_start": [
1074
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15994 | 5a83104ce60761001a2eb34f | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | What does recognizing the effects of small-world networks allow one to increase? | What does recognizing the effects of small-world networks allow one to increase? | [
"What does recognizing the effects of small-world networks allow one to increase?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15995 | 5a83104ce60761001a2eb350 | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | What type of interactions stop within groups of infected individuals in epidemics? | What type of interactions stop within groups of infected individuals in epidemics? | [
"What type of interactions stop within groups of infected individuals in epidemics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15996 | 5a83104ce60761001a2eb351 | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | What is a way of drastically harming infection rates? | What is a way of drastically harming infection rates? | [
"What is a way of drastically harming infection rates?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15997 | 5a83104ce60761001a2eb352 | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | What is an example of a successful implementation of increasing transmission jumps? | What is an example of a successful implementation of increasing transmission jumps? | [
"What is an example of a successful implementation of increasing transmission jumps?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15998 | 5a83104ce60761001a2eb353 | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-neck virus? | When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-neck virus? | [
"When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-neck virus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15999 | 57342dcc4776f41900661a21 | Infection | Resistance to infection (immunity) may be acquired following a disease, by asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen, by harboring an organism with a similar structure (crossreacting), or by vaccination. Knowledge of the protective antigens and specific acquired host immune factors is more complete for primary pathogens th... | What is resistance to infection known technically as? | What is resistance to infection known technically as? | [
"What is resistance to infection known technically as?"
] | {
"text": [
"immunity"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
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