gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-16100 | 572eb943c246551400ce4576 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants. | How did the world respond to Libya in 1986? | How did the world respond to Libya in 1986? | [
"How did the world respond to Libya in 1986?"
] | {
"text": [
"U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions."
],
"answer_start": [
622
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16101 | 572eb943c246551400ce4577 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants. | How did Gaddafi lose power? | How did Gaddafi lose power? | [
"How did Gaddafi lose power?"
] | {
"text": [
"an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War"
],
"answer_start": [
941
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16102 | 572eb943c246551400ce4578 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants. | How did Gaddafi die? | How did Gaddafi die? | [
"How did Gaddafi die?"
] | {
"text": [
"Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants."
],
"answer_start": [
1154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16103 | 57316b98e6313a140071cf24 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants. | What does the term Jamahiriya mean in English? | What does the term Jamahiriya mean in English? | [
"What does the term Jamahiriya mean in English?"
] | {
"text": [
"state of the masses"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16104 | 57316b98e6313a140071cf25 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants. | In what year did Gaddafi found the Jamahiriya? | In what year did Gaddafi found the Jamahiriya? | [
"In what year did Gaddafi found the Jamahiriya?"
] | {
"text": [
"1977"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16105 | 57316b98e6313a140071cf26 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants. | Along with Egypt, what nation did Libya have border issues with in this era? | Along with Egypt, what nation did Libya have border issues with in this era? | [
"Along with Egypt, what nation did Libya have border issues with in this era?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chad"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16106 | 57316b98e6313a140071cf27 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants. | What terrorist bombing was Gaddafi's Libya supposedly involved in? | What terrorist bombing was Gaddafi's Libya supposedly involved in? | [
"What terrorist bombing was Gaddafi's Libya supposedly involved in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lockerbie"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16107 | 57316b98e6313a140071cf28 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants. | In what year did the United states bomb Libya? | In what year did the United states bomb Libya? | [
"In what year did the United states bomb Libya?"
] | {
"text": [
"1986"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16108 | 572e7f49cb0c0d14000f11c4 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | Describe Gaddafi's humble upbringing. | Describe Gaddafi's humble upbringing. | [
"Describe Gaddafi's humble upbringing."
] | {
"text": [
"was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16109 | 572e7f49cb0c0d14000f11c6 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | How did his upbringing impact his later life preferences? | How did his upbringing impact his later life preferences? | [
"How did his upbringing impact his later life preferences?"
] | {
"text": [
"He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate."
],
"answer_start": [
884
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16110 | 572e7f49cb0c0d14000f11c7 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | When was Gaddafi born? | When was Gaddafi born? | [
"When was Gaddafi born?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943"
],
"answer_start": [
536
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16111 | 572e7f49cb0c0d14000f11c8 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | What culture did Gaddafi experience as a child? | What culture did Gaddafi experience as a child? | [
"What culture did Gaddafi experience as a child?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bedouin"
],
"answer_start": [
811
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16112 | 572eb93fdfa6aa1500f8d317 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | Describe Gaddafi's early childhood. | Describe Gaddafi's early childhood. | [
"Describe Gaddafi's early childhood."
] | {
"text": [
"Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16113 | 572eb93fdfa6aa1500f8d318 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | How did Gaddafi's father earn a living? | How did Gaddafi's father earn a living? | [
"How did Gaddafi's father earn a living?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16114 | 572eb93fdfa6aa1500f8d319 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | How come no one knows for sure when Gaddafi was born? | How come no one knows for sure when Gaddafi was born? | [
"How come no one knows for sure when Gaddafi was born?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16115 | 572eb93fdfa6aa1500f8d31a | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | How did his early childhood experiences impact his later life? | How did his early childhood experiences impact his later life? | [
"How did his early childhood experiences impact his later life?"
] | {
"text": [
"He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate."
],
"answer_start": [
884
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16116 | 572eb93fdfa6aa1500f8d31b | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | When did Gaddafi's parents die? | When did Gaddafi's parents die? | [
"When did Gaddafi's parents die?"
] | {
"text": [
"His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978)"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16117 | 57316bfea5e9cc1400cdbf3b | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | Near what town was Gaddafi's birthplace of Qasr Abu Hadi? | Near what town was Gaddafi's birthplace of Qasr Abu Hadi? | [
"Near what town was Gaddafi's birthplace of Qasr Abu Hadi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sirte"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16118 | 57316bfea5e9cc1400cdbf3c | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | What was the name of Gaddafi's tribe? | What was the name of Gaddafi's tribe? | [
"What was the name of Gaddafi's tribe?"
] | {
"text": [
"Qadhadhfa"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16119 | 57316bfea5e9cc1400cdbf3d | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | Other than Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, what was Gaddafi's father called? | Other than Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, what was Gaddafi's father called? | [
"Other than Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, what was Gaddafi's father called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abu Meniar"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16120 | 57316bfea5e9cc1400cdbf3e | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | When did Gaddafi's mother die? | When did Gaddafi's mother die? | [
"When did Gaddafi's mother die?"
] | {
"text": [
"1978"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16121 | 57316bfea5e9cc1400cdbf3f | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. | How many sisters did Gaddafi have? | How many sisters did Gaddafi have? | [
"How many sisters did Gaddafi have?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
766
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16122 | 572e8035cb0c0d14000f11de | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | When did Libya become an independent nation? | When did Libya become an independent nation? | [
"When did Libya become an independent nation?"
] | {
"text": [
"In 1951"
],
"answer_start": [
655
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16123 | 572e8035cb0c0d14000f11df | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | When Libya first became an independent country, what form of government did it adopt? | When Libya first became an independent country, what form of government did it adopt? | [
"When Libya first became an independent country, what form of government did it adopt?"
] | {
"text": [
"an absolute monarchy"
],
"answer_start": [
823
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16124 | 572e8035cb0c0d14000f11e0 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | What countries occupied Libya after World War II? | What countries occupied Libya after World War II? | [
"What countries occupied Libya after World War II?"
] | {
"text": [
"British and French forces"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16125 | 572e8035cb0c0d14000f11e1 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | Who was the first leader of Libya? | Who was the first leader of Libya? | [
"Who was the first leader of Libya?"
] | {
"text": [
"a pro-western monarch, Idris"
],
"answer_start": [
748
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16126 | 572e8035cb0c0d14000f11e2 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | What World War I event directly impacted Gaddafi's family? | What World War I event directly impacted Gaddafi's family? | [
"What World War I event directly impacted Gaddafi's family?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16127 | 572eba1ac246551400ce4592 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | How did World War I directly impact Gaddafi's family? | How did World War I directly impact Gaddafi's family? | [
"How did World War I directly impact Gaddafi's family?"
] | {
"text": [
"According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16128 | 572eba1ac246551400ce4593 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | What happened to Libya right after World War II? | What happened to Libya right after World War II? | [
"What happened to Libya right after World War II?"
] | {
"text": [
"Libya was occupied by British and French forces"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16129 | 572eba1ac246551400ce4594 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | When was it announced that Libya would be independent? | When was it announced that Libya would be independent? | [
"When was it announced that Libya would be independent?"
] | {
"text": [
"In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership"
],
"answer_start": [
655
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16130 | 572eba1ac246551400ce4595 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | What was the first type of government that Libya had? | What was the first type of government that Libya had? | [
"What was the first type of government that Libya had?"
] | {
"text": [
"a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy."
],
"answer_start": [
748
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16131 | 572eba1ac246551400ce4596 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | What country occupied Libya during World War II? | What country occupied Libya during World War II? | [
"What country occupied Libya during World War II?"
] | {
"text": [
"his nation was occupied by Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16132 | 57316c55a5e9cc1400cdbf45 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | What nation controlled Libya as a colony when Gaddafi was a child? | What nation controlled Libya as a colony when Gaddafi was a child? | [
"What nation controlled Libya as a colony when Gaddafi was a child?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16133 | 57316c55a5e9cc1400cdbf46 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | Who battled the Italians during the North African campaign? | Who battled the Italians during the North African campaign? | [
"Who battled the Italians during the North African campaign?"
] | {
"text": [
"British"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16134 | 57316c55a5e9cc1400cdbf47 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | Who was Gaddafi's father's father? | Who was Gaddafi's father's father? | [
"Who was Gaddafi's father's father?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abdessalam Bouminyar"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16135 | 57316c55a5e9cc1400cdbf48 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | During what year did the Italians invade Libya? | During what year did the Italians invade Libya? | [
"During what year did the Italians invade Libya?"
] | {
"text": [
"1911"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16136 | 57316c55a5e9cc1400cdbf49 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. | Along with the British, who occupied Libya at the end of the Second World War? | Along with the British, who occupied Libya at the end of the Second World War? | [
"Along with the British, who occupied Libya at the end of the Second World War?"
] | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16137 | 572e81e0dfa6aa1500f8d05b | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | Describe Gaddafi's first experience with education. | Describe Gaddafi's first experience with education. | [
"Describe Gaddafi's first experience with education."
] | {
"text": [
"a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16138 | 572e81e0dfa6aa1500f8d05c | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | In addition to gaining an education, describe how Gaddafi managed to attend school 20 miles from his family. | In addition to gaining an education, describe how Gaddafi managed to attend school 20 miles from his family. | [
"In addition to gaining an education, describe how Gaddafi managed to attend school 20 miles from his family."
] | {
"text": [
"During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16139 | 572e81e0dfa6aa1500f8d05d | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | How did Gaddafi deal with peer pressure regarding his cultural background? | How did Gaddafi deal with peer pressure regarding his cultural background? | [
"How did Gaddafi deal with peer pressure regarding his cultural background?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children."
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16140 | 572e81e0dfa6aa1500f8d05e | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | When Gaddafi's family moved to Sabha, describe his educational experiences in secondary school. | When Gaddafi's family moved to Sabha, describe his educational experiences in secondary school. | [
"When Gaddafi's family moved to Sabha, describe his educational experiences in secondary school."
] | {
"text": [
"Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud."
],
"answer_start": [
759
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16141 | 572e81e0dfa6aa1500f8d05f | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | Describe Gaddafi's parents' educational backgrounds. | Describe Gaddafi's parents' educational backgrounds. | [
"Describe Gaddafi's parents' educational backgrounds."
] | {
"text": [
"where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done."
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16142 | 572ebb0fc246551400ce45ae | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | Why was Gaddafi made fun of in elementary school? | Why was Gaddafi made fun of in elementary school? | [
"Why was Gaddafi made fun of in elementary school?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children."
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16143 | 572ebb0fc246551400ce45af | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | How did Gaddafi manage to attend elementary school so far from home? | How did Gaddafi manage to attend elementary school so far from home? | [
"How did Gaddafi manage to attend elementary school so far from home?"
] | {
"text": [
"During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents."
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16144 | 572ebb0fc246551400ce45b0 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | Were Gaddafi's parents educated? | Were Gaddafi's parents educated? | [
"Were Gaddafi's parents educated?"
] | {
"text": [
"while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done."
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16145 | 572ebb0fc246551400ce45b1 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | How did his early relationships play a role later when Gaddafi became a ruler? | How did his early relationships play a role later when Gaddafi became a ruler? | [
"How did his early relationships play a role later when Gaddafi became a ruler?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud."
],
"answer_start": [
759
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16146 | 572ebb0fc246551400ce45b2 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | Was Gaddafi's education free? | Was Gaddafi's education free? | [
"Was Gaddafi's education free?"
] | {
"text": [
"Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain."
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16147 | 57316cb605b4da19006bd130 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | In what religion was Gaddafi educated? | In what religion was Gaddafi educated? | [
"In what religion was Gaddafi educated?"
] | {
"text": [
"Islamic"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16148 | 57316cb605b4da19006bd131 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | What town did Gaddafi's family move to after they left Sirte? | What town did Gaddafi's family move to after they left Sirte? | [
"What town did Gaddafi's family move to after they left Sirte?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sabha"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16149 | 57316cb605b4da19006bd132 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | What geographical portion of Libya is Fezzan located in? | What geographical portion of Libya is Fezzan located in? | [
"What geographical portion of Libya is Fezzan located in?"
] | {
"text": [
"south-central"
],
"answer_start": [
603
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16150 | 57316cb605b4da19006bd133 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | Who was Gaddafi's closest friend in secondary school? | Who was Gaddafi's closest friend in secondary school? | [
"Who was Gaddafi's closest friend in secondary school?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abdul Salam Jalloud"
],
"answer_start": [
898
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16151 | 57316cb605b4da19006bd134 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud. | In what town did Gaddafi first attend primary school? | In what town did Gaddafi first attend primary school? | [
"In what town did Gaddafi first attend primary school?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sirte"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16152 | 572e8441cb0c0d14000f1226 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | Why did Gaddafi's family have to leave Sabha? | Why did Gaddafi's family have to leave Sabha? | [
"Why did Gaddafi's family have to leave Sabha?"
] | {
"text": [
"he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol."
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16153 | 572e8441cb0c0d14000f1227 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | Gaddafi was an avid reader. Name three biographies that he read. | Gaddafi was an avid reader. Name three biographies that he read. | [
"Gaddafi was an avid reader. Name three biographies that he read."
] | {
"text": [
"Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk"
],
"answer_start": [
833
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16154 | 572e8441cb0c0d14000f1228 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | What political idealogy did Gaddafi not believe in? | What political idealogy did Gaddafi not believe in? | [
"What political idealogy did Gaddafi not believe in?"
] | {
"text": [
"factionalism"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16155 | 572e8441cb0c0d14000f1229 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | While he was in secondary school, what sort of activism did Gaddafi support? | While he was in secondary school, what sort of activism did Gaddafi support? | [
"While he was in secondary school, what sort of activism did Gaddafi support?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab nationalist activism"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16156 | 572ebd1903f98919007569c9 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | Why did Gaddafi's family leave Sabha? | Why did Gaddafi's family leave Sabha? | [
"Why did Gaddafi's family leave Sabha?"
] | {
"text": [
"October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16157 | 572ebd1903f98919007569ca | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | What political ideology did Gaddafi reject when he attended Misrata Secondary School? | What political ideology did Gaddafi reject when he attended Misrata Secondary School? | [
"What political ideology did Gaddafi reject when he attended Misrata Secondary School?"
] | {
"text": [
"factionalism"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16158 | 572ebd1903f98919007569cb | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | List several biographies that influenced Gaddafi. | List several biographies that influenced Gaddafi. | [
"List several biographies that influenced Gaddafi."
] | {
"text": [
"Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk"
],
"answer_start": [
833
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16159 | 572ebd1903f98919007569cc | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | Where sort of activism did Gaddafi promote while attending secondary school? | Where sort of activism did Gaddafi promote while attending secondary school? | [
"Where sort of activism did Gaddafi promote while attending secondary school?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab nationalist activism"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16160 | 57316d8b05b4da19006bd144 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | Where did Gaddafi travel to after he was kicked out of Sabha? | Where did Gaddafi travel to after he was kicked out of Sabha? | [
"Where did Gaddafi travel to after he was kicked out of Sabha?"
] | {
"text": [
"Misrata"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16161 | 57316d8b05b4da19006bd145 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | Along with the Ba'ath Party and Muslim Brotherhood, what group was notably banned in Misrata? | Along with the Ba'ath Party and Muslim Brotherhood, what group was notably banned in Misrata? | [
"Along with the Ba'ath Party and Muslim Brotherhood, what group was notably banned in Misrata?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab Nationalist Movement"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16162 | 57316d8b05b4da19006bd146 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | In what month and year did Gaddafi protest against Syria leaving the United Arab Republic? | In what month and year did Gaddafi protest against Syria leaving the United Arab Republic? | [
"In what month and year did Gaddafi protest against Syria leaving the United Arab Republic?"
] | {
"text": [
"October 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16163 | 57316d8b05b4da19006bd147 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | Of what nationality was Michel Aflaq? | Of what nationality was Michel Aflaq? | [
"Of what nationality was Michel Aflaq?"
] | {
"text": [
"Syrian"
],
"answer_start": [
775
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16164 | 57316d8b05b4da19006bd148 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. | Along with Lincoln and Ataturk, whose biography did Gaddafi read while in Misrata? | Along with Lincoln and Ataturk, whose biography did Gaddafi read while in Misrata? | [
"Along with Lincoln and Ataturk, whose biography did Gaddafi read while in Misrata?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abraham Lincoln"
],
"answer_start": [
833
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16165 | 572e8515dfa6aa1500f8d083 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | What subject did Gaddafi briefly study before joining the military? | What subject did Gaddafi briefly study before joining the military? | [
"What subject did Gaddafi briefly study before joining the military?"
] | {
"text": [
"History at the University of Libya in Benghazi"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16166 | 572e8515dfa6aa1500f8d084 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | Why didn't Gaddafi learn to speak English? | Why didn't Gaddafi learn to speak English? | [
"Why didn't Gaddafi learn to speak English?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16167 | 572e8515dfa6aa1500f8d085 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | Where did Gaddafi begin his military training? | Where did Gaddafi begin his military training? | [
"Where did Gaddafi begin his military training?"
] | {
"text": [
"at the Royal Military Academy"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16168 | 572e8515dfa6aa1500f8d086 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | How did Gaddafi view the influence of the military? | How did Gaddafi view the influence of the military? | [
"How did Gaddafi view the influence of the military?"
] | {
"text": [
"the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16169 | 572e8515dfa6aa1500f8d087 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | What crime did the British trainers believe Gaddafi was involved in? | What crime did the British trainers believe Gaddafi was involved in? | [
"What crime did the British trainers believe Gaddafi was involved in?"
] | {
"text": [
"the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963"
],
"answer_start": [
802
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16170 | 572ebda3c246551400ce45cc | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | What subject did Gaddafi study at the University of LIbya? | What subject did Gaddafi study at the University of LIbya? | [
"What subject did Gaddafi study at the University of LIbya?"
] | {
"text": [
"History"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16171 | 572ebda3c246551400ce45cd | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | Why did Gaddafi drop out of college? | Why did Gaddafi drop out of college? | [
"Why did Gaddafi drop out of college?"
] | {
"text": [
"to join the military"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16172 | 572ebda3c246551400ce45ce | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | What rationale did Gaddafi use for joining the military? | What rationale did Gaddafi use for joining the military? | [
"What rationale did Gaddafi use for joining the military?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16173 | 572ebda3c246551400ce45cf | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | What country trained Libya's military? | What country trained Libya's military? | [
"What country trained Libya's military?"
] | {
"text": [
"the British military"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16174 | 572ebda3c246551400ce45d0 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | What crime was Gaddafi suspected of being involved in during his time in the military? | What crime was Gaddafi suspected of being involved in during his time in the military? | [
"What crime was Gaddafi suspected of being involved in during his time in the military?"
] | {
"text": [
"the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963"
],
"answer_start": [
802
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16175 | 57316e08a5e9cc1400cdbf59 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | Where did Gaddafi attend college for a time? | Where did Gaddafi attend college for a time? | [
"Where did Gaddafi attend college for a time?"
] | {
"text": [
"University of Libya"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16176 | 57316e08a5e9cc1400cdbf5a | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | During his time in college, what did Gaddafi study? | During his time in college, what did Gaddafi study? | [
"During his time in college, what did Gaddafi study?"
] | {
"text": [
"History"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16177 | 57316e08a5e9cc1400cdbf5b | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | After Gaddafi left the University of Libya, what institution did he attend? | After Gaddafi left the University of Libya, what institution did he attend? | [
"After Gaddafi left the University of Libya, what institution did he attend?"
] | {
"text": [
"Royal Military Academy, Benghazi"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16178 | 57316e08a5e9cc1400cdbf5c | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | While the Libyan monarchy existed, who trained the Libyan army? | While the Libyan monarchy existed, who trained the Libyan army? | [
"While the Libyan monarchy existed, who trained the Libyan army?"
] | {
"text": [
"British"
],
"answer_start": [
633
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16179 | 57316e08a5e9cc1400cdbf5d | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. | What did Gaddafi regard his British instructors as? | What did Gaddafi regard his British instructors as? | [
"What did Gaddafi regard his British instructors as?"
] | {
"text": [
"imperialists"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16180 | 572e85b403f989190075671b | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | How did Gaddafi view Libya when he returned from England? | How did Gaddafi view Libya when he returned from England? | [
"How did Gaddafi view Libya when he returned from England?"
] | {
"text": [
"he returned home \"more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character.\""
],
"answer_start": [
650
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16181 | 572e85b403f989190075671c | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | How did the Bovington signal course director view Gaddafi? | How did the Bovington signal course director view Gaddafi? | [
"How did the Bovington signal course director view Gaddafi?"
] | {
"text": [
"he thought him an \"amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious.\""
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16182 | 572e85b403f989190075671d | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | How did Gaddafi feel about the British officers? | How did Gaddafi feel about the British officers? | [
"How did Gaddafi feel about the British officers?"
] | {
"text": [
"claiming British Army officers racially insulted him"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16183 | 572e85b403f989190075671e | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | When Gaddafi traveled to London, did he attempt to blend into the English culture? | When Gaddafi traveled to London, did he attempt to blend into the English culture? | [
"When Gaddafi traveled to London, did he attempt to blend into the English culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16184 | 572ebe3c03f98919007569db | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | How did the Bovington sign course director think of Gaddafi? | How did the Bovington sign course director think of Gaddafi? | [
"How did the Bovington sign course director think of Gaddafi?"
] | {
"text": [
"an \"amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious.\""
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16185 | 572ebe3c03f98919007569dc | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | How did Gaddafi feel about the British Army officers? | How did Gaddafi feel about the British Army officers? | [
"How did Gaddafi feel about the British Army officers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16186 | 572ebe3c03f98919007569dd | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | When Gaddafi went to England, how did he respond to their culture? | When Gaddafi went to England, how did he respond to their culture? | [
"When Gaddafi went to England, how did he respond to their culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16187 | 572ebe3c03f98919007569de | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | When Gaddafi returned to Libya, how did he view his country? | When Gaddafi returned to Libya, how did he view his country? | [
"When Gaddafi returned to Libya, how did he view his country?"
] | {
"text": [
"while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home \"more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character.\""
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16188 | 572ebe3c03f98919007569df | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | What were Gaddafi's favorite hobbies in the military? | What were Gaddafi's favorite hobbies in the military? | [
"What were Gaddafi's favorite hobbies in the military?"
] | {
"text": [
"reading and playing football"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16189 | 57316e8ae6313a140071cf2e | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | Along with reading, how did Gaddafi enjoy spending his free time? | Along with reading, how did Gaddafi enjoy spending his free time? | [
"Along with reading, how did Gaddafi enjoy spending his free time?"
] | {
"text": [
"playing football"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16190 | 57316e8ae6313a140071cf2f | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | In what part of London did Gaddafi wear traditional Arab garb? | In what part of London did Gaddafi wear traditional Arab garb? | [
"In what part of London did Gaddafi wear traditional Arab garb?"
] | {
"text": [
"Piccadilly"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16191 | 57316e8ae6313a140071cf30 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | What language did Gaddafi have difficulty learning? | What language did Gaddafi have difficulty learning? | [
"What language did Gaddafi have difficulty learning?"
] | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16192 | 57316e8ae6313a140071cf31 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | Where did Gaddafi's signal course take place? | Where did Gaddafi's signal course take place? | [
"Where did Gaddafi's signal course take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bovington"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16193 | 57316e8ae6313a140071cf32 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character." | What mistreatment did Gaddafi say that British soldiers subjected him to? | What mistreatment did Gaddafi say that British soldiers subjected him to? | [
"What mistreatment did Gaddafi say that British soldiers subjected him to?"
] | {
"text": [
"racially insulted him"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16194 | 572ebc4803f98919007569b5 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution." | What changes impressed Gaddafi in Egypt? | What changes impressed Gaddafi in Egypt? | [
"What changes impressed Gaddafi in Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16195 | 572ebc4803f98919007569b6 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution." | What Egyptian leader impressed Gaddafi? | What Egyptian leader impressed Gaddafi? | [
"What Egyptian leader impressed Gaddafi?"
] | {
"text": [
"his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16196 | 572ebc4803f98919007569b7 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution." | What book instructed Gaddafi in how to stage a coup? | What book instructed Gaddafi in how to stage a coup? | [
"What book instructed Gaddafi in how to stage a coup?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
697
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16197 | 572ebc4803f98919007569b8 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution." | Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life. | Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life. | [
"Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life."
] | {
"text": [
"1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16198 | 572ebc4803f98919007569b9 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution." | What political ideology did Nasser implement? | What political ideology did Nasser implement? | [
"What political ideology did Nasser implement?"
] | {
"text": [
"transition from capitalism to socialism"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16199 | 57316d0605b4da19006bd13a | Muammar_Gaddafi | Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution." | What was the nationality of a significant number of teachers in Sabha? | What was the nationality of a significant number of teachers in Sabha? | [
"What was the nationality of a significant number of teachers in Sabha?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egyptian"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
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