gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-16500 | 57318f8ae6313a140071d09a | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been "always serious, even taciturn", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood. His father said that he was courageous, intelligent, pious, and family oriented. | Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing? | Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing? | [
"Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nasser"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16501 | 57318f8ae6313a140071d09b | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been "always serious, even taciturn", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood. His father said that he was courageous, intelligent, pious, and family oriented. | What was Gaddafi's religious affiliation? | What was Gaddafi's religious affiliation? | [
"What was Gaddafi's religious affiliation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslim"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16502 | 57318f8ae6313a140071d09c | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been "always serious, even taciturn", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood. His father said that he was courageous, intelligent, pious, and family oriented. | Who stated that Gaddafi was fond of children? | Who stated that Gaddafi was fond of children? | [
"Who stated that Gaddafi was fond of children?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mirella Bianco"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16503 | 57318f8ae6313a140071d09d | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been "always serious, even taciturn", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood. His father said that he was courageous, intelligent, pious, and family oriented. | What is Mirella Biano's occupation? | What is Mirella Biano's occupation? | [
"What is Mirella Biano's occupation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Reporter"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16504 | 57318f8ae6313a140071d09e | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been "always serious, even taciturn", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood. His father said that he was courageous, intelligent, pious, and family oriented. | Who remarked on Gaddafi's family orientation? | Who remarked on Gaddafi's family orientation? | [
"Who remarked on Gaddafi's family orientation?"
] | {
"text": [
"His father"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16505 | 57318ff105b4da19006bd2c0 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage. After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. Annick Cojean, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of women, usually very young. Another source—Libyan psychologist Seham Sergewa—reported that several of his female bodyguards claim to have been raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. After the civil war, Luis Moreno Ocampo, prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, said there was evidence that Gaddafi told soldiers to rape women who had spoken out against his regime. In 2011 Amnesty International questioned this and other claims used to justify NATO's war in Libya. | What publication did Annick Cojean work for? | What publication did Annick Cojean work for? | [
"What publication did Annick Cojean work for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Le Monde"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16506 | 57318ff105b4da19006bd2c1 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage. After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. Annick Cojean, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of women, usually very young. Another source—Libyan psychologist Seham Sergewa—reported that several of his female bodyguards claim to have been raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. After the civil war, Luis Moreno Ocampo, prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, said there was evidence that Gaddafi told soldiers to rape women who had spoken out against his regime. In 2011 Amnesty International questioned this and other claims used to justify NATO's war in Libya. | What is the nationality of Seham Sergewa? | What is the nationality of Seham Sergewa? | [
"What is the nationality of Seham Sergewa?"
] | {
"text": [
"Libyan"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16507 | 57318ff105b4da19006bd2c2 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage. After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. Annick Cojean, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of women, usually very young. Another source—Libyan psychologist Seham Sergewa—reported that several of his female bodyguards claim to have been raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. After the civil war, Luis Moreno Ocampo, prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, said there was evidence that Gaddafi told soldiers to rape women who had spoken out against his regime. In 2011 Amnesty International questioned this and other claims used to justify NATO's war in Libya. | What ICC prosector claimed that Gaddafi had ordered soldiers to rape opposition women? | What ICC prosector claimed that Gaddafi had ordered soldiers to rape opposition women? | [
"What ICC prosector claimed that Gaddafi had ordered soldiers to rape opposition women?"
] | {
"text": [
"Luis Moreno Ocampo"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16508 | 57318ff105b4da19006bd2c3 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage. After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. Annick Cojean, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of women, usually very young. Another source—Libyan psychologist Seham Sergewa—reported that several of his female bodyguards claim to have been raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. After the civil war, Luis Moreno Ocampo, prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, said there was evidence that Gaddafi told soldiers to rape women who had spoken out against his regime. In 2011 Amnesty International questioned this and other claims used to justify NATO's war in Libya. | What book was written by Annick Cojean? | What book was written by Annick Cojean? | [
"What book was written by Annick Cojean?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gaddafi's Harem"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16509 | 57319054a5e9cc1400cdc09d | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the compound were also two tennis courts, a soccer field, several gardens, camels, and a Bedouin tent in which he entertained guests. In the 1980s, his lifestyle was considered modest in comparison to those of many other Arab leaders. Gaddafi allegedly worked for years with Swiss banks to launder international banking transactions. In November 2011, The Sunday Times identified property worth £1 billion in the UK that Gaddafi allegedly owned. Gaddafi had an Airbus A340 private jet, which he bought from Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $120 million in 2003. Operated by Tripoli-based Afriqiyah Airways and decorated externally in their colours, it had various luxuries including a jacuzzi. | How far is the Bab al-Azizia barracks from Tripoli? | How far is the Bab al-Azizia barracks from Tripoli? | [
"How far is the Bab al-Azizia barracks from Tripoli?"
] | {
"text": [
"two miles"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16510 | 57319054a5e9cc1400cdc09e | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the compound were also two tennis courts, a soccer field, several gardens, camels, and a Bedouin tent in which he entertained guests. In the 1980s, his lifestyle was considered modest in comparison to those of many other Arab leaders. Gaddafi allegedly worked for years with Swiss banks to launder international banking transactions. In November 2011, The Sunday Times identified property worth £1 billion in the UK that Gaddafi allegedly owned. Gaddafi had an Airbus A340 private jet, which he bought from Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $120 million in 2003. Operated by Tripoli-based Afriqiyah Airways and decorated externally in their colours, it had various luxuries including a jacuzzi. | Who designed Gaddafi's Azizia home? | Who designed Gaddafi's Azizia home? | [
"Who designed Gaddafi's Azizia home?"
] | {
"text": [
"West German engineers"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16511 | 57319054a5e9cc1400cdc09f | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the compound were also two tennis courts, a soccer field, several gardens, camels, and a Bedouin tent in which he entertained guests. In the 1980s, his lifestyle was considered modest in comparison to those of many other Arab leaders. Gaddafi allegedly worked for years with Swiss banks to launder international banking transactions. In November 2011, The Sunday Times identified property worth £1 billion in the UK that Gaddafi allegedly owned. Gaddafi had an Airbus A340 private jet, which he bought from Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $120 million in 2003. Operated by Tripoli-based Afriqiyah Airways and decorated externally in their colours, it had various luxuries including a jacuzzi. | How many tennis courts existed in Gaddafi's compound? | How many tennis courts existed in Gaddafi's compound? | [
"How many tennis courts existed in Gaddafi's compound?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16512 | 57319054a5e9cc1400cdc0a0 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the compound were also two tennis courts, a soccer field, several gardens, camels, and a Bedouin tent in which he entertained guests. In the 1980s, his lifestyle was considered modest in comparison to those of many other Arab leaders. Gaddafi allegedly worked for years with Swiss banks to launder international banking transactions. In November 2011, The Sunday Times identified property worth £1 billion in the UK that Gaddafi allegedly owned. Gaddafi had an Airbus A340 private jet, which he bought from Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $120 million in 2003. Operated by Tripoli-based Afriqiyah Airways and decorated externally in their colours, it had various luxuries including a jacuzzi. | What was the value of Gaddafi's supposed British property holdings as of November 2011? | What was the value of Gaddafi's supposed British property holdings as of November 2011? | [
"What was the value of Gaddafi's supposed British property holdings as of November 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"£1 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
708
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16513 | 57319054a5e9cc1400cdc0a1 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the compound were also two tennis courts, a soccer field, several gardens, camels, and a Bedouin tent in which he entertained guests. In the 1980s, his lifestyle was considered modest in comparison to those of many other Arab leaders. Gaddafi allegedly worked for years with Swiss banks to launder international banking transactions. In November 2011, The Sunday Times identified property worth £1 billion in the UK that Gaddafi allegedly owned. Gaddafi had an Airbus A340 private jet, which he bought from Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $120 million in 2003. Operated by Tripoli-based Afriqiyah Airways and decorated externally in their colours, it had various luxuries including a jacuzzi. | How much did Gaddafi pay for his Airbus A340? | How much did Gaddafi pay for his Airbus A340? | [
"How much did Gaddafi pay for his Airbus A340?"
] | {
"text": [
"$120 million"
],
"answer_start": [
867
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16514 | 573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0a7 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife was Safia Farkash, née el-Brasai, a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda. They met in 1969, following his ascension to power, when he was hospitalized with appendicitis; he claimed that it was love at first sight. The couple remained married until his death. Together they had seven biological children: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (b. 1972), Al-Saadi Gaddafi (b. 1973), Mutassim Gaddafi (1974–2011), Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (b. 1975), Ayesha Gaddafi (b. 1976), Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982–2011), and Khamis Gaddafi (1983–2011). He also adopted two children, Hanna Gaddafi and Milad Gaddafi. | Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law? | Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law? | [
"Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law?"
] | {
"text": [
"General Khalid"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16515 | 573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0a8 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife was Safia Farkash, née el-Brasai, a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda. They met in 1969, following his ascension to power, when he was hospitalized with appendicitis; he claimed that it was love at first sight. The couple remained married until his death. Together they had seven biological children: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (b. 1972), Al-Saadi Gaddafi (b. 1973), Mutassim Gaddafi (1974–2011), Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (b. 1975), Ayesha Gaddafi (b. 1976), Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982–2011), and Khamis Gaddafi (1983–2011). He also adopted two children, Hanna Gaddafi and Milad Gaddafi. | When was Gaddafi's son by Fatiha al-Nuri born? | When was Gaddafi's son by Fatiha al-Nuri born? | [
"When was Gaddafi's son by Fatiha al-Nuri born?"
] | {
"text": [
"1970"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16516 | 573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0a9 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife was Safia Farkash, née el-Brasai, a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda. They met in 1969, following his ascension to power, when he was hospitalized with appendicitis; he claimed that it was love at first sight. The couple remained married until his death. Together they had seven biological children: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (b. 1972), Al-Saadi Gaddafi (b. 1973), Mutassim Gaddafi (1974–2011), Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (b. 1975), Ayesha Gaddafi (b. 1976), Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982–2011), and Khamis Gaddafi (1983–2011). He also adopted two children, Hanna Gaddafi and Milad Gaddafi. | What was the maiden surname of Gaddafi's second wife? | What was the maiden surname of Gaddafi's second wife? | [
"What was the maiden surname of Gaddafi's second wife?"
] | {
"text": [
"el-Brasai"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16517 | 573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0aa | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife was Safia Farkash, née el-Brasai, a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda. They met in 1969, following his ascension to power, when he was hospitalized with appendicitis; he claimed that it was love at first sight. The couple remained married until his death. Together they had seven biological children: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (b. 1972), Al-Saadi Gaddafi (b. 1973), Mutassim Gaddafi (1974–2011), Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (b. 1975), Ayesha Gaddafi (b. 1976), Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982–2011), and Khamis Gaddafi (1983–2011). He also adopted two children, Hanna Gaddafi and Milad Gaddafi. | What tribe did Safia Farkash belong to? | What tribe did Safia Farkash belong to? | [
"What tribe did Safia Farkash belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Obeidat"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16518 | 573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0ab | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife was Safia Farkash, née el-Brasai, a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda. They met in 1969, following his ascension to power, when he was hospitalized with appendicitis; he claimed that it was love at first sight. The couple remained married until his death. Together they had seven biological children: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (b. 1972), Al-Saadi Gaddafi (b. 1973), Mutassim Gaddafi (1974–2011), Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (b. 1975), Ayesha Gaddafi (b. 1976), Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982–2011), and Khamis Gaddafi (1983–2011). He also adopted two children, Hanna Gaddafi and Milad Gaddafi. | When did Khamis Gaddafi die? | When did Khamis Gaddafi die? | [
"When did Khamis Gaddafi die?"
] | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
846
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16519 | 573190e9a5e9cc1400cdc0b1 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that he was "a populist at heart." Throughout Libya, crowds of supporters would turn up to public events at which he appeared; described as "spontaneous demonstrations" by the government, there are recorded instances of groups being coerced or paid to attend. He was typically late to public events, and would sometimes not show up at all. Although Bianco thought he had a "gift for oratory", he was considered a poor orator by biographers Blundy and Lycett. Biographer Daniel Kawczynski noted that Gaddafi was famed for his "lengthy, wandering" speeches, which typically involved criticising Israel and the U.S. | Who referred to Gaddafi as a populist? | Who referred to Gaddafi as a populist? | [
"Who referred to Gaddafi as a populist?"
] | {
"text": [
"Blundy and Lycett"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16520 | 573190e9a5e9cc1400cdc0b2 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that he was "a populist at heart." Throughout Libya, crowds of supporters would turn up to public events at which he appeared; described as "spontaneous demonstrations" by the government, there are recorded instances of groups being coerced or paid to attend. He was typically late to public events, and would sometimes not show up at all. Although Bianco thought he had a "gift for oratory", he was considered a poor orator by biographers Blundy and Lycett. Biographer Daniel Kawczynski noted that Gaddafi was famed for his "lengthy, wandering" speeches, which typically involved criticising Israel and the U.S. | Who stated that Gaddafi was a gifted speaker? | Who stated that Gaddafi was a gifted speaker? | [
"Who stated that Gaddafi was a gifted speaker?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bianco"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16521 | 573190e9a5e9cc1400cdc0b3 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that he was "a populist at heart." Throughout Libya, crowds of supporters would turn up to public events at which he appeared; described as "spontaneous demonstrations" by the government, there are recorded instances of groups being coerced or paid to attend. He was typically late to public events, and would sometimes not show up at all. Although Bianco thought he had a "gift for oratory", he was considered a poor orator by biographers Blundy and Lycett. Biographer Daniel Kawczynski noted that Gaddafi was famed for his "lengthy, wandering" speeches, which typically involved criticising Israel and the U.S. | Who noted that Gaddafi made long speeches? | Who noted that Gaddafi made long speeches? | [
"Who noted that Gaddafi made long speeches?"
] | {
"text": [
"Daniel Kawczynski"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16522 | 5731914c497a881900249049 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi was notably confrontational in his approach to foreign powers, and generally shunned western ambassadors and diplomats, believing them to be spies. He once said that HIV was "a peaceful virus, not an aggressive virus" and assured attendees at the African Union that "if you are straight you have nothing to fear from AIDS". He also said that the H1N1 influenza virus was a biological weapon manufactured by a foreign military, and he assured Africans that the tsetse fly and mosquito were "God's armies which will protect us against colonialists". Should these 'enemies' come to Africa, "they will get malaria and sleeping sickness". | What sort of virus did Gaddafi describe HIV as? | What sort of virus did Gaddafi describe HIV as? | [
"What sort of virus did Gaddafi describe HIV as?"
] | {
"text": [
"peaceful"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16523 | 5731914c497a88190024904a | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi was notably confrontational in his approach to foreign powers, and generally shunned western ambassadors and diplomats, believing them to be spies. He once said that HIV was "a peaceful virus, not an aggressive virus" and assured attendees at the African Union that "if you are straight you have nothing to fear from AIDS". He also said that the H1N1 influenza virus was a biological weapon manufactured by a foreign military, and he assured Africans that the tsetse fly and mosquito were "God's armies which will protect us against colonialists". Should these 'enemies' come to Africa, "they will get malaria and sleeping sickness". | Who did Gaddafi claim created H1N1? | Who did Gaddafi claim created H1N1? | [
"Who did Gaddafi claim created H1N1?"
] | {
"text": [
"a foreign military"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16524 | 5731914c497a88190024904b | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi was notably confrontational in his approach to foreign powers, and generally shunned western ambassadors and diplomats, believing them to be spies. He once said that HIV was "a peaceful virus, not an aggressive virus" and assured attendees at the African Union that "if you are straight you have nothing to fear from AIDS". He also said that the H1N1 influenza virus was a biological weapon manufactured by a foreign military, and he assured Africans that the tsetse fly and mosquito were "God's armies which will protect us against colonialists". Should these 'enemies' come to Africa, "they will get malaria and sleeping sickness". | According to Gaddafi, what insects made up God's armies? | According to Gaddafi, what insects made up God's armies? | [
"According to Gaddafi, what insects made up God's armies?"
] | {
"text": [
"tsetse fly and mosquito"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16525 | 5731914c497a88190024904c | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi was notably confrontational in his approach to foreign powers, and generally shunned western ambassadors and diplomats, believing them to be spies. He once said that HIV was "a peaceful virus, not an aggressive virus" and assured attendees at the African Union that "if you are straight you have nothing to fear from AIDS". He also said that the H1N1 influenza virus was a biological weapon manufactured by a foreign military, and he assured Africans that the tsetse fly and mosquito were "God's armies which will protect us against colonialists". Should these 'enemies' come to Africa, "they will get malaria and sleeping sickness". | What illnesses did Gaddafi claim would afflict invading colonialists? | What illnesses did Gaddafi claim would afflict invading colonialists? | [
"What illnesses did Gaddafi claim would afflict invading colonialists?"
] | {
"text": [
"malaria and sleeping sickness"
],
"answer_start": [
610
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16526 | 573191a8a5e9cc1400cdc0cb | Muammar_Gaddafi | Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska. Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional. | What was the name of Gaddafi's female bodyguard? | What was the name of Gaddafi's female bodyguard? | [
"What was the name of Gaddafi's female bodyguard?"
] | {
"text": [
"Amazonian Guard"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16527 | 573191a8a5e9cc1400cdc0cc | Muammar_Gaddafi | Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska. Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional. | In what decade was Gaddafi first accompanied by his female bodyguard? | In what decade was Gaddafi first accompanied by his female bodyguard? | [
"In what decade was Gaddafi first accompanied by his female bodyguard?"
] | {
"text": [
"1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16528 | 573191a8a5e9cc1400cdc0cd | Muammar_Gaddafi | Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska. Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional. | What is Halyna Kolotnytska's nationality? | What is Halyna Kolotnytska's nationality? | [
"What is Halyna Kolotnytska's nationality?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ukrainian"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16529 | 573191a8a5e9cc1400cdc0ce | Muammar_Gaddafi | Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska. Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional. | What is the profession of Halyna Kolotnytska? | What is the profession of Halyna Kolotnytska? | [
"What is the profession of Halyna Kolotnytska?"
] | {
"text": [
"nurse"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16530 | 573191a8a5e9cc1400cdc0cf | Muammar_Gaddafi | Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska. Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional. | What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska? | What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska? | [
"What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska?"
] | {
"text": [
"professional"
],
"answer_start": [
538
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16531 | 57319266497a881900249051 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and ensuring access to food and safe drinking water. Highlighting that under Gaddafi, all Libyans enjoyed free education to a university level, they point to the dramatic rise in literacy rates after the 1969 revolution. Supporters have also applauded achievements in medical care, praising the universal free healthcare provided under the Gaddafist administration, with diseases like cholera and typhoid being contained and life expectancy raised. Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that under the first decade of Gaddafi's leadership, life for most Libyans "undoubtedly changed for the better" as material conditions and wealth drastically improved, while Libyan studies specialist Lillian Craig Harris remarked that in the early years of his administration, Libya's "national wealth and international influence soared, and its national standard of living has risen dramatically." Such high standards declined during the 1980s, as a result of economic stagnation. Gaddafi claimed that his Jamahiriya was a "concrete utopia", and that he had been appointed by "popular assent", with some Islamic supporters believing that he exhibited barakah. His opposition to Western governments earned him the respect of many in the Euro-American far right. | What diseases were minimized by Gaddafi's health care policies? | What diseases were minimized by Gaddafi's health care policies? | [
"What diseases were minimized by Gaddafi's health care policies?"
] | {
"text": [
"cholera and typhoid"
],
"answer_start": [
675
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16532 | 57319266497a881900249052 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and ensuring access to food and safe drinking water. Highlighting that under Gaddafi, all Libyans enjoyed free education to a university level, they point to the dramatic rise in literacy rates after the 1969 revolution. Supporters have also applauded achievements in medical care, praising the universal free healthcare provided under the Gaddafist administration, with diseases like cholera and typhoid being contained and life expectancy raised. Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that under the first decade of Gaddafi's leadership, life for most Libyans "undoubtedly changed for the better" as material conditions and wealth drastically improved, while Libyan studies specialist Lillian Craig Harris remarked that in the early years of his administration, Libya's "national wealth and international influence soared, and its national standard of living has risen dramatically." Such high standards declined during the 1980s, as a result of economic stagnation. Gaddafi claimed that his Jamahiriya was a "concrete utopia", and that he had been appointed by "popular assent", with some Islamic supporters believing that he exhibited barakah. His opposition to Western governments earned him the respect of many in the Euro-American far right. | What was the cost of primary and secondary education under Gaddafi? | What was the cost of primary and secondary education under Gaddafi? | [
"What was the cost of primary and secondary education under Gaddafi?"
] | {
"text": [
"free"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16533 | 57319266497a881900249053 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and ensuring access to food and safe drinking water. Highlighting that under Gaddafi, all Libyans enjoyed free education to a university level, they point to the dramatic rise in literacy rates after the 1969 revolution. Supporters have also applauded achievements in medical care, praising the universal free healthcare provided under the Gaddafist administration, with diseases like cholera and typhoid being contained and life expectancy raised. Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that under the first decade of Gaddafi's leadership, life for most Libyans "undoubtedly changed for the better" as material conditions and wealth drastically improved, while Libyan studies specialist Lillian Craig Harris remarked that in the early years of his administration, Libya's "national wealth and international influence soared, and its national standard of living has risen dramatically." Such high standards declined during the 1980s, as a result of economic stagnation. Gaddafi claimed that his Jamahiriya was a "concrete utopia", and that he had been appointed by "popular assent", with some Islamic supporters believing that he exhibited barakah. His opposition to Western governments earned him the respect of many in the Euro-American far right. | Why did living standards decline in 1980s Libya? | Why did living standards decline in 1980s Libya? | [
"Why did living standards decline in 1980s Libya?"
] | {
"text": [
"economic stagnation"
],
"answer_start": [
1239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16534 | 57319266497a881900249054 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and ensuring access to food and safe drinking water. Highlighting that under Gaddafi, all Libyans enjoyed free education to a university level, they point to the dramatic rise in literacy rates after the 1969 revolution. Supporters have also applauded achievements in medical care, praising the universal free healthcare provided under the Gaddafist administration, with diseases like cholera and typhoid being contained and life expectancy raised. Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that under the first decade of Gaddafi's leadership, life for most Libyans "undoubtedly changed for the better" as material conditions and wealth drastically improved, while Libyan studies specialist Lillian Craig Harris remarked that in the early years of his administration, Libya's "national wealth and international influence soared, and its national standard of living has risen dramatically." Such high standards declined during the 1980s, as a result of economic stagnation. Gaddafi claimed that his Jamahiriya was a "concrete utopia", and that he had been appointed by "popular assent", with some Islamic supporters believing that he exhibited barakah. His opposition to Western governments earned him the respect of many in the Euro-American far right. | Due to his opposition to West governments, who notably respected Gaddafi? | Due to his opposition to West governments, who notably respected Gaddafi? | [
"Due to his opposition to West governments, who notably respected Gaddafi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Euro-American far right"
],
"answer_start": [
1515
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16535 | 57319266497a881900249055 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and ensuring access to food and safe drinking water. Highlighting that under Gaddafi, all Libyans enjoyed free education to a university level, they point to the dramatic rise in literacy rates after the 1969 revolution. Supporters have also applauded achievements in medical care, praising the universal free healthcare provided under the Gaddafist administration, with diseases like cholera and typhoid being contained and life expectancy raised. Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that under the first decade of Gaddafi's leadership, life for most Libyans "undoubtedly changed for the better" as material conditions and wealth drastically improved, while Libyan studies specialist Lillian Craig Harris remarked that in the early years of his administration, Libya's "national wealth and international influence soared, and its national standard of living has risen dramatically." Such high standards declined during the 1980s, as a result of economic stagnation. Gaddafi claimed that his Jamahiriya was a "concrete utopia", and that he had been appointed by "popular assent", with some Islamic supporters believing that he exhibited barakah. His opposition to Western governments earned him the respect of many in the Euro-American far right. | What is the occupation of Lillian Craig Harris? | What is the occupation of Lillian Craig Harris? | [
"What is the occupation of Lillian Craig Harris?"
] | {
"text": [
"Libyan studies specialist"
],
"answer_start": [
952
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16536 | 57319323a5e9cc1400cdc0f1 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Critics labelled Gaddafi "despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid", with western governments and press presenting him as the "vicious dictator of an oppressed people". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as "Public Enemy No. 1" and Reagan famously dubbed him the "mad dog of the Middle East". According to critics, the Libyan people lived in a climate of fear under Gaddafi's administration, due to his government's pervasive surveillance of civilians. Gaddafi's Libya was typically described by western commentators as "a police state". Opponents were critical of Libya's human rights abuses; according to Human Rights Watch (HRW) and others, hundreds of arrested political opponents often failed to receive a fair trial, and were sometimes subjected to torture or extrajudicial execution, most notably in the Abu Salim prison, including an alleged massacre on 29 June 1996 in which HRW estimated that 1,270 prisoners were massacred. Dissidents abroad or "stray dogs" were also publicly threatened with death and sometimes killed by government hit squads. His government's treatment of non-Arab Libyans has also came in for criticism from human rights activists, with native Berbers, Italians, Jews, refugees, and foreign workers all facing persecution in Gaddafist Libya. According to journalist Annick Cojean and psychologist Seham Sergewa, Gaddafi and senior officials raped and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of young women and reportedly raped several of his female bodyguards. Gaddafi's government was frequently criticized for not being democratic, with Freedom House consistently giving Libya under Gaddafi the "Not Free" ranking for civil liberties and political rights. | What did Reagan call Gaddafi? | What did Reagan call Gaddafi? | [
"What did Reagan call Gaddafi?"
] | {
"text": [
"mad dog of the Middle East"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16537 | 57319323a5e9cc1400cdc0f2 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Critics labelled Gaddafi "despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid", with western governments and press presenting him as the "vicious dictator of an oppressed people". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as "Public Enemy No. 1" and Reagan famously dubbed him the "mad dog of the Middle East". According to critics, the Libyan people lived in a climate of fear under Gaddafi's administration, due to his government's pervasive surveillance of civilians. Gaddafi's Libya was typically described by western commentators as "a police state". Opponents were critical of Libya's human rights abuses; according to Human Rights Watch (HRW) and others, hundreds of arrested political opponents often failed to receive a fair trial, and were sometimes subjected to torture or extrajudicial execution, most notably in the Abu Salim prison, including an alleged massacre on 29 June 1996 in which HRW estimated that 1,270 prisoners were massacred. Dissidents abroad or "stray dogs" were also publicly threatened with death and sometimes killed by government hit squads. His government's treatment of non-Arab Libyans has also came in for criticism from human rights activists, with native Berbers, Italians, Jews, refugees, and foreign workers all facing persecution in Gaddafist Libya. According to journalist Annick Cojean and psychologist Seham Sergewa, Gaddafi and senior officials raped and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of young women and reportedly raped several of his female bodyguards. Gaddafi's government was frequently criticized for not being democratic, with Freedom House consistently giving Libya under Gaddafi the "Not Free" ranking for civil liberties and political rights. | According to Human Rights Watch, how many prisoners were killed on June 29, 1996? | According to Human Rights Watch, how many prisoners were killed on June 29, 1996? | [
"According to Human Rights Watch, how many prisoners were killed on June 29, 1996?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,270"
],
"answer_start": [
935
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16538 | 57319323a5e9cc1400cdc0f3 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Critics labelled Gaddafi "despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid", with western governments and press presenting him as the "vicious dictator of an oppressed people". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as "Public Enemy No. 1" and Reagan famously dubbed him the "mad dog of the Middle East". According to critics, the Libyan people lived in a climate of fear under Gaddafi's administration, due to his government's pervasive surveillance of civilians. Gaddafi's Libya was typically described by western commentators as "a police state". Opponents were critical of Libya's human rights abuses; according to Human Rights Watch (HRW) and others, hundreds of arrested political opponents often failed to receive a fair trial, and were sometimes subjected to torture or extrajudicial execution, most notably in the Abu Salim prison, including an alleged massacre on 29 June 1996 in which HRW estimated that 1,270 prisoners were massacred. Dissidents abroad or "stray dogs" were also publicly threatened with death and sometimes killed by government hit squads. His government's treatment of non-Arab Libyans has also came in for criticism from human rights activists, with native Berbers, Italians, Jews, refugees, and foreign workers all facing persecution in Gaddafist Libya. According to journalist Annick Cojean and psychologist Seham Sergewa, Gaddafi and senior officials raped and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of young women and reportedly raped several of his female bodyguards. Gaddafi's government was frequently criticized for not being democratic, with Freedom House consistently giving Libya under Gaddafi the "Not Free" ranking for civil liberties and political rights. | Under Gaddafi, how did Freedom House rate Libya? | Under Gaddafi, how did Freedom House rate Libya? | [
"Under Gaddafi, how did Freedom House rate Libya?"
] | {
"text": [
"Not Free"
],
"answer_start": [
1655
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16539 | 57319323a5e9cc1400cdc0f4 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Critics labelled Gaddafi "despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid", with western governments and press presenting him as the "vicious dictator of an oppressed people". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as "Public Enemy No. 1" and Reagan famously dubbed him the "mad dog of the Middle East". According to critics, the Libyan people lived in a climate of fear under Gaddafi's administration, due to his government's pervasive surveillance of civilians. Gaddafi's Libya was typically described by western commentators as "a police state". Opponents were critical of Libya's human rights abuses; according to Human Rights Watch (HRW) and others, hundreds of arrested political opponents often failed to receive a fair trial, and were sometimes subjected to torture or extrajudicial execution, most notably in the Abu Salim prison, including an alleged massacre on 29 June 1996 in which HRW estimated that 1,270 prisoners were massacred. Dissidents abroad or "stray dogs" were also publicly threatened with death and sometimes killed by government hit squads. His government's treatment of non-Arab Libyans has also came in for criticism from human rights activists, with native Berbers, Italians, Jews, refugees, and foreign workers all facing persecution in Gaddafist Libya. According to journalist Annick Cojean and psychologist Seham Sergewa, Gaddafi and senior officials raped and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of young women and reportedly raped several of his female bodyguards. Gaddafi's government was frequently criticized for not being democratic, with Freedom House consistently giving Libya under Gaddafi the "Not Free" ranking for civil liberties and political rights. | What did Gaddafi call Libya dissidents based outside the country? | What did Gaddafi call Libya dissidents based outside the country? | [
"What did Gaddafi call Libya dissidents based outside the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"stray dogs"
],
"answer_start": [
989
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16540 | 57319323a5e9cc1400cdc0f5 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Critics labelled Gaddafi "despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid", with western governments and press presenting him as the "vicious dictator of an oppressed people". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as "Public Enemy No. 1" and Reagan famously dubbed him the "mad dog of the Middle East". According to critics, the Libyan people lived in a climate of fear under Gaddafi's administration, due to his government's pervasive surveillance of civilians. Gaddafi's Libya was typically described by western commentators as "a police state". Opponents were critical of Libya's human rights abuses; according to Human Rights Watch (HRW) and others, hundreds of arrested political opponents often failed to receive a fair trial, and were sometimes subjected to torture or extrajudicial execution, most notably in the Abu Salim prison, including an alleged massacre on 29 June 1996 in which HRW estimated that 1,270 prisoners were massacred. Dissidents abroad or "stray dogs" were also publicly threatened with death and sometimes killed by government hit squads. His government's treatment of non-Arab Libyans has also came in for criticism from human rights activists, with native Berbers, Italians, Jews, refugees, and foreign workers all facing persecution in Gaddafist Libya. According to journalist Annick Cojean and psychologist Seham Sergewa, Gaddafi and senior officials raped and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of young women and reportedly raped several of his female bodyguards. Gaddafi's government was frequently criticized for not being democratic, with Freedom House consistently giving Libya under Gaddafi the "Not Free" ranking for civil liberties and political rights. | At what prison did extrajudicial executions occur according to HRW? | At what prison did extrajudicial executions occur according to HRW? | [
"At what prison did extrajudicial executions occur according to HRW?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abu Salim"
],
"answer_start": [
843
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16541 | 573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0fb | Muammar_Gaddafi | International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr." Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was "a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa." The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain." | Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr? | Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr? | [
"Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hugo Chávez"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16542 | 573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0fc | Muammar_Gaddafi | International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr." Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was "a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa." The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain." | Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid? | Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid? | [
"Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nelson Mandela"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16543 | 573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0fd | Muammar_Gaddafi | International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr." Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was "a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa." The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain." | Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government? | Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government? | [
"Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government?"
] | {
"text": [
"David Cameron"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16544 | 573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0fe | Muammar_Gaddafi | International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr." Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was "a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa." The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain." | In what country was there a notable Muslim vigil for Gaddafi? | In what country was there a notable Muslim vigil for Gaddafi? | [
"In what country was there a notable Muslim vigil for Gaddafi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sierra Leone"
],
"answer_start": [
868
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16545 | 573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0ff | Muammar_Gaddafi | International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr." Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was "a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa." The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain." | Who said something about tyranny? | Who said something about tyranny? | [
"Who said something about tyranny?"
] | {
"text": [
"Barack Obama"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16546 | 57319432e6313a140071d0cc | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took over governance from the NTC in August. The GNC proceeded to elect Mohammed Magariaf as president of the chamber, and then voted Mustafa A.G. Abushagur as Prime Minister; when Abushagar failed to gain congressional approval, the GNC instead elected Ali Zeidan to the position. In January 2013, the GNC officially renamed the Jamahiriyah as the "State of Libya". | Who was elected president of the GNC? | Who was elected president of the GNC? | [
"Who was elected president of the GNC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mohammed Magariaf"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16547 | 57319432e6313a140071d0cd | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took over governance from the NTC in August. The GNC proceeded to elect Mohammed Magariaf as president of the chamber, and then voted Mustafa A.G. Abushagur as Prime Minister; when Abushagar failed to gain congressional approval, the GNC instead elected Ali Zeidan to the position. In January 2013, the GNC officially renamed the Jamahiriyah as the "State of Libya". | Who was initially named prime minister by the GNC? | Who was initially named prime minister by the GNC? | [
"Who was initially named prime minister by the GNC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mustafa A.G. Abushagur"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16548 | 57319432e6313a140071d0ce | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took over governance from the NTC in August. The GNC proceeded to elect Mohammed Magariaf as president of the chamber, and then voted Mustafa A.G. Abushagur as Prime Minister; when Abushagar failed to gain congressional approval, the GNC instead elected Ali Zeidan to the position. In January 2013, the GNC officially renamed the Jamahiriyah as the "State of Libya". | Why did Mustafa A.G. Abushagur not become prime minister? | Why did Mustafa A.G. Abushagur not become prime minister? | [
"Why did Mustafa A.G. Abushagur not become prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"failed to gain congressional approval"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16549 | 57319432e6313a140071d0cf | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took over governance from the NTC in August. The GNC proceeded to elect Mohammed Magariaf as president of the chamber, and then voted Mustafa A.G. Abushagur as Prime Minister; when Abushagar failed to gain congressional approval, the GNC instead elected Ali Zeidan to the position. In January 2013, the GNC officially renamed the Jamahiriyah as the "State of Libya". | Who did the GNC eventually make prime minister? | Who did the GNC eventually make prime minister? | [
"Who did the GNC eventually make prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ali Zeidan"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16550 | 57319432e6313a140071d0d0 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took over governance from the NTC in August. The GNC proceeded to elect Mohammed Magariaf as president of the chamber, and then voted Mustafa A.G. Abushagur as Prime Minister; when Abushagar failed to gain congressional approval, the GNC instead elected Ali Zeidan to the position. In January 2013, the GNC officially renamed the Jamahiriyah as the "State of Libya". | What official name did the GNC give to Libya? | What official name did the GNC give to Libya? | [
"What official name did the GNC give to Libya?"
] | {
"text": [
"State of Libya"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16551 | 572a381d3f37b319004787cd | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena." | In which nation was Friedrich Hayek born? | In which nation was Friedrich Hayek born? | [
"In which nation was Friedrich Hayek born?"
] | {
"text": [
"Austria-Hungary"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16552 | 572a381d3f37b319004787ce | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena." | Friedrich Hayek name was commonly shortened to what? | Friedrich Hayek name was commonly shortened to what? | [
"Friedrich Hayek name was commonly shortened to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"F. A. Hayek"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16553 | 572a381d3f37b319004787cf | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena." | What award did Hayek receive in 1974? | What award did Hayek receive in 1974? | [
"What award did Hayek receive in 1974?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nobel Memorial Prize"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16554 | 572a381d3f37b319004787d0 | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena." | With whom did Hayek share his 1974 award? | With whom did Hayek share his 1974 award? | [
"With whom did Hayek share his 1974 award?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gunnar Myrdal"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16555 | 572a381d3f37b319004787d1 | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena." | Along with being an economist, what else was Hayek known as? | Along with being an economist, what else was Hayek known as? | [
"Along with being an economist, what else was Hayek known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"philosopher"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16556 | 572a38cb1d04691400779863 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article "The Use of Knowledge in Society" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in The American Economic Review during its first 100 years. | Hayek became a member of which group in 1984? | Hayek became a member of which group in 1984? | [
"Hayek became a member of which group in 1984?"
] | {
"text": [
"Order of the Companions of Honour"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16557 | 572a38cb1d04691400779864 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article "The Use of Knowledge in Society" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in The American Economic Review during its first 100 years. | For what reason was Hayek inducted into the order? | For what reason was Hayek inducted into the order? | [
"For what reason was Hayek inducted into the order?"
] | {
"text": [
"services to the study of economics"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16558 | 572a38cb1d04691400779865 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article "The Use of Knowledge in Society" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in The American Economic Review during its first 100 years. | What award was Hayek the first to receive? | What award was Hayek the first to receive? | [
"What award was Hayek the first to receive?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16559 | 572a38cb1d04691400779866 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article "The Use of Knowledge in Society" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in The American Economic Review during its first 100 years. | Who awarded Hayek the Medal of Freedom? | Who awarded Hayek the Medal of Freedom? | [
"Who awarded Hayek the Medal of Freedom?"
] | {
"text": [
"President George H. W. Bush"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16560 | 572a38cb1d04691400779867 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article "The Use of Knowledge in Society" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in The American Economic Review during its first 100 years. | Which of Hayek's articles received recognition in 2011? | Which of Hayek's articles received recognition in 2011? | [
"Which of Hayek's articles received recognition in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Use of Knowledge in Society"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16561 | 572a3a29af94a219006aa8d9 | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number of monographs. August von Hayek was also a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna. Friedrich's mother was born in 1875 to a wealthy, conservative, land-owning family. As her mother died several years prior to Friedrich's birth, Felicitas gained a significant inheritance which provided as much as half of her and August's income during the early years of their marriage. Hayek was the oldest of three brothers, Heinrich (1900–69) and Erich (1904–86), who were one-and-a-half and five years younger than him. | Who was Hayek's father? | Who was Hayek's father? | [
"Who was Hayek's father?"
] | {
"text": [
"August von Hayek"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16562 | 572a3a29af94a219006aa8da | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number of monographs. August von Hayek was also a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna. Friedrich's mother was born in 1875 to a wealthy, conservative, land-owning family. As her mother died several years prior to Friedrich's birth, Felicitas gained a significant inheritance which provided as much as half of her and August's income during the early years of their marriage. Hayek was the oldest of three brothers, Heinrich (1900–69) and Erich (1904–86), who were one-and-a-half and five years younger than him. | What was August von Hayek's occupation? | What was August von Hayek's occupation? | [
"What was August von Hayek's occupation?"
] | {
"text": [
"medical doctor"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16563 | 572a3a29af94a219006aa8db | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number of monographs. August von Hayek was also a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna. Friedrich's mother was born in 1875 to a wealthy, conservative, land-owning family. As her mother died several years prior to Friedrich's birth, Felicitas gained a significant inheritance which provided as much as half of her and August's income during the early years of their marriage. Hayek was the oldest of three brothers, Heinrich (1900–69) and Erich (1904–86), who were one-and-a-half and five years younger than him. | What was August von Hayek particularly passionate about? | What was August von Hayek particularly passionate about? | [
"What was August von Hayek particularly passionate about?"
] | {
"text": [
"botany"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16564 | 572a3a29af94a219006aa8dc | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number of monographs. August von Hayek was also a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna. Friedrich's mother was born in 1875 to a wealthy, conservative, land-owning family. As her mother died several years prior to Friedrich's birth, Felicitas gained a significant inheritance which provided as much as half of her and August's income during the early years of their marriage. Hayek was the oldest of three brothers, Heinrich (1900–69) and Erich (1904–86), who were one-and-a-half and five years younger than him. | From whom did Felicitas inherit her wealth? | From whom did Felicitas inherit her wealth? | [
"From whom did Felicitas inherit her wealth?"
] | {
"text": [
"her mother"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16565 | 572a3a29af94a219006aa8dd | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number of monographs. August von Hayek was also a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna. Friedrich's mother was born in 1875 to a wealthy, conservative, land-owning family. As her mother died several years prior to Friedrich's birth, Felicitas gained a significant inheritance which provided as much as half of her and August's income during the early years of their marriage. Hayek was the oldest of three brothers, Heinrich (1900–69) and Erich (1904–86), who were one-and-a-half and five years younger than him. | How many children did August von Hayek and his wife have? | How many children did August von Hayek and his wife have? | [
"How many children did August von Hayek and his wife have?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
730
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16566 | 572a3b486aef0514001553b6 | Friedrich_Hayek | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Von Juraschek was a statistician and was later employed by the Austrian government. Friedrich's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known. | Who's occupation inspired Hayek when he was older? | Who's occupation inspired Hayek when he was older? | [
"Who's occupation inspired Hayek when he was older?"
] | {
"text": [
"His father's"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16567 | 572a3b486aef0514001553b7 | Friedrich_Hayek | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Von Juraschek was a statistician and was later employed by the Austrian government. Friedrich's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known. | Eugen Bohm was friends with which of Hayek's grandfathers? | Eugen Bohm was friends with which of Hayek's grandfathers? | [
"Eugen Bohm was friends with which of Hayek's grandfathers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Franz von Juraschek"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16568 | 572a3b486aef0514001553b8 | Friedrich_Hayek | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Von Juraschek was a statistician and was later employed by the Austrian government. Friedrich's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known. | What occupation did Hayek's grandfather's have? | What occupation did Hayek's grandfather's have? | [
"What occupation did Hayek's grandfather's have?"
] | {
"text": [
"scholars"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16569 | 572a3b486aef0514001553b9 | Friedrich_Hayek | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Von Juraschek was a statistician and was later employed by the Austrian government. Friedrich's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known. | Who was August von Hayek's father? | Who was August von Hayek's father? | [
"Who was August von Hayek's father?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gustav Edler von Hayek"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16570 | 572a3b486aef0514001553ba | Friedrich_Hayek | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Von Juraschek was a statistician and was later employed by the Austrian government. Friedrich's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known. | What did August von Hayek's father write? | What did August von Hayek's father write? | [
"What did August von Hayek's father write?"
] | {
"text": [
"systematic works in biology"
],
"answer_start": [
585
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16571 | 572a3c9b6aef0514001553c6 | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein. | Who was among the first readers of Ludwig Wittgenstein's book? | Who was among the first readers of Ludwig Wittgenstein's book? | [
"Who was among the first readers of Ludwig Wittgenstein's book?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hayek"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16572 | 572a3c9b6aef0514001553c7 | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein. | How often times did Hayek and Wittgenstein meet? | How often times did Hayek and Wittgenstein meet? | [
"How often times did Hayek and Wittgenstein meet?"
] | {
"text": [
"on only a few occasions"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16573 | 572a3c9b6aef0514001553c8 | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein. | Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek? | Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek? | [
"Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ludwig Wittgenstein"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16574 | 572a3c9b6aef0514001553c9 | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein. | What did Wittgenstein and Hayek do during the first world war? | What did Wittgenstein and Hayek do during the first world war? | [
"What did Wittgenstein and Hayek do during the first world war?"
] | {
"text": [
"both were officers"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16575 | 572a3c9b6aef0514001553ca | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein. | What was the name of the book Wittgenstein published in 1921? | What was the name of the book Wittgenstein published in 1921? | [
"What was the name of the book Wittgenstein published in 1921?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16576 | 572a3e323f37b31900478811 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by one instructor's lectures on Aristotle's ethics. In his unpublished autobiographical notes, Hayek recalled a division between him and his younger brothers who were only few years younger than him, but he believed that they were somehow of a different generation. He preferred to associate with adults. | What did Hayek conclude regarding his brothers? | What did Hayek conclude regarding his brothers? | [
"What did Hayek conclude regarding his brothers?"
] | {
"text": [
"they were somehow of a different generation"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16577 | 572a3e323f37b31900478812 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by one instructor's lectures on Aristotle's ethics. In his unpublished autobiographical notes, Hayek recalled a division between him and his younger brothers who were only few years younger than him, but he believed that they were somehow of a different generation. He preferred to associate with adults. | With whom did Hayek more frequently converse? | With whom did Hayek more frequently converse? | [
"With whom did Hayek more frequently converse?"
] | {
"text": [
"adults"
],
"answer_start": [
613
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16578 | 572a3e323f37b31900478813 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by one instructor's lectures on Aristotle's ethics. In his unpublished autobiographical notes, Hayek recalled a division between him and his younger brothers who were only few years younger than him, but he believed that they were somehow of a different generation. He preferred to associate with adults. | Prior to his schooling, what was the state of Hayek's reading skills? | Prior to his schooling, what was the state of Hayek's reading skills? | [
"Prior to his schooling, what was the state of Hayek's reading skills?"
] | {
"text": [
"read fluently and frequently"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16579 | 572a3e323f37b31900478814 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by one instructor's lectures on Aristotle's ethics. In his unpublished autobiographical notes, Hayek recalled a division between him and his younger brothers who were only few years younger than him, but he believed that they were somehow of a different generation. He preferred to associate with adults. | Who told Hayek he should begin reading Hugo de Vries works? | Who told Hayek he should begin reading Hugo de Vries works? | [
"Who told Hayek he should begin reading Hugo de Vries works?"
] | {
"text": [
"his father"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16580 | 572a3e323f37b31900478815 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by one instructor's lectures on Aristotle's ethics. In his unpublished autobiographical notes, Hayek recalled a division between him and his younger brothers who were only few years younger than him, but he believed that they were somehow of a different generation. He preferred to associate with adults. | Which philosopher did Hayek learn about in a school lecture? | Which philosopher did Hayek learn about in a school lecture? | [
"Which philosopher did Hayek learn about in a school lecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aristotle"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16581 | 572a3fa3af94a219006aa90d | Friedrich_Hayek | At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the "sense data" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis. | Where did Hayek acquire his doctorates? | Where did Hayek acquire his doctorates? | [
"Where did Hayek acquire his doctorates?"
] | {
"text": [
"University of Vienna"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16582 | 572a3fa3af94a219006aa90e | Friedrich_Hayek | At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the "sense data" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis. | Where did Hayek learn about the brain? | Where did Hayek learn about the brain? | [
"Where did Hayek learn about the brain?"
] | {
"text": [
"Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16583 | 572a3fa3af94a219006aa90f | Friedrich_Hayek | At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the "sense data" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis. | What was the name of Hayek's first work? | What was the name of Hayek's first work? | [
"What was the name of Hayek's first work?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Sensory Order"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16584 | 572a3fa3af94a219006aa910 | Friedrich_Hayek | At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the "sense data" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis. | Where did first show his work? | Where did first show his work? | [
"Where did first show his work?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Geistkreis"
],
"answer_start": [
777
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16585 | 572a3fa3af94a219006aa911 | Friedrich_Hayek | At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the "sense data" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis. | With whom did Hayek establish the Geistkreis? | With whom did Hayek establish the Geistkreis? | [
"With whom did Hayek establish the Geistkreis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Herbert Furth"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16586 | 572a412f1d04691400779899 | Friedrich_Hayek | During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve. | What work did Hayek begin in 1923? | What work did Hayek begin in 1923? | [
"What work did Hayek begin in 1923?"
] | {
"text": [
"research assistant"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16587 | 572a412f1d0469140077989a | Friedrich_Hayek | During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve. | Where did Carl Menger and Friedrich von Wieser influence Hayek? | Where did Carl Menger and Friedrich von Wieser influence Hayek? | [
"Where did Carl Menger and Friedrich von Wieser influence Hayek?"
] | {
"text": [
"University of Vienna"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16588 | 572a412f1d0469140077989b | Friedrich_Hayek | During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve. | For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by Ludwig von Mises? | For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by Ludwig von Mises? | [
"For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by Ludwig von Mises?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Austrian government"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16589 | 572a412f1d0469140077989c | Friedrich_Hayek | During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve. | What was Hayek gathering during his time as a research assistant? | What was Hayek gathering during his time as a research assistant? | [
"What was Hayek gathering during his time as a research assistant?"
] | {
"text": [
"macroeconomic data"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16590 | 572a412f1d0469140077989d | Friedrich_Hayek | During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve. | What was the name of the professor Hayek worked for as a research assistant? | What was the name of the professor Hayek worked for as a research assistant? | [
"What was the name of the professor Hayek worked for as a research assistant?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jeremiah Jenks"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16591 | 572a427e3f37b3190047883b | Friedrich_Hayek | Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship. | What ideology was Hayek originally in support of? | What ideology was Hayek originally in support of? | [
"What ideology was Hayek originally in support of?"
] | {
"text": [
"democratic socialism"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16592 | 572a427e3f37b3190047883c | Friedrich_Hayek | Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship. | What caused Hayek to turn away from Wiser's ideology? | What caused Hayek to turn away from Wiser's ideology? | [
"What caused Hayek to turn away from Wiser's ideology?"
] | {
"text": [
"reading von Mises' book Socialism"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16593 | 572a427e3f37b3190047883d | Friedrich_Hayek | Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship. | During his attendance to von Mises' seminars, who did Hayek become friends with? | During his attendance to von Mises' seminars, who did Hayek become friends with? | [
"During his attendance to von Mises' seminars, who did Hayek become friends with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eric Voegelin"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16594 | 572a427e3f37b3190047883e | Friedrich_Hayek | Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship. | What viewpoint did the book Socialism shift Hayek toward? | What viewpoint did the book Socialism shift Hayek toward? | [
"What viewpoint did the book Socialism shift Hayek toward?"
] | {
"text": [
"classical liberalism"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16595 | 572a427e3f37b3190047883f | Friedrich_Hayek | Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship. | Who is the father of the ideology Hayek came to support? | Who is the father of the ideology Hayek came to support? | [
"Who is the father of the ideology Hayek came to support?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carl Menger"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16596 | 572a43b63f37b31900478845 | Friedrich_Hayek | With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics. | What position did Hayek gain at the Austrian Institute? | What position did Hayek gain at the Austrian Institute? | [
"What position did Hayek gain at the Austrian Institute?"
] | {
"text": [
"director"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16597 | 572a43b63f37b31900478846 | Friedrich_Hayek | With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics. | Who requested that Hayek be employed by LSE? | Who requested that Hayek be employed by LSE? | [
"Who requested that Hayek be employed by LSE?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lionel Robbins"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16598 | 572a43b63f37b31900478847 | Friedrich_Hayek | With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics. | What sort of recognition had Hayek received when he came to London? | What sort of recognition had Hayek received when he came to London? | [
"What sort of recognition had Hayek received when he came to London?"
] | {
"text": [
"one of the leading economic theorists in the world"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16599 | 572a43b63f37b31900478848 | Friedrich_Hayek | With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics. | What subject did Hayek's works influence and inspire? | What subject did Hayek's works influence and inspire? | [
"What subject did Hayek's works influence and inspire?"
] | {
"text": [
"modern microeconomics"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
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