gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-21800 | 570aae5d4103511400d5991f | Aircraft_carrier | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downwards. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump launching fully loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea. | What did ski-jump ramps allow STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck?? | What did ski-jump ramps allow STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck?? | [
"What did ski-jump ramps allow STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck??"
] | {
"text": [
"take off at far higher weights"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21801 | 570aae5d4103511400d59920 | Aircraft_carrier | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downwards. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump launching fully loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea. | Who originally developed the ski-jump ramp? | Who originally developed the ski-jump ramp? | [
"Who originally developed the ski-jump ramp?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Royal Navy"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21802 | 570aae5d4103511400d59921 | Aircraft_carrier | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downwards. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump launching fully loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea. | What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be successful? | What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be successful? | [
"What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be successful?"
] | {
"text": [
"some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21803 | 570aae5d4103511400d59922 | Aircraft_carrier | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downwards. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump launching fully loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea. | What does the ski-jump ramp prevent a fully loaded and fueled aircraft from doing? | What does the ski-jump ramp prevent a fully loaded and fueled aircraft from doing? | [
"What does the ski-jump ramp prevent a fully loaded and fueled aircraft from doing?"
] | {
"text": [
"either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea"
],
"answer_start": [
823
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21804 | 5acd830507355d001abf44f0 | Aircraft_carrier | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downwards. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump launching fully loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea. | Where are snowboard-jump ramps located on aircraft carriers? | Where are snowboard-jump ramps located on aircraft carriers? | [
"Where are snowboard-jump ramps located on aircraft carriers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21805 | 5acd830507355d001abf44f1 | Aircraft_carrier | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downwards. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump launching fully loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea. | What did ski-jump ramps stop STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck? | What did ski-jump ramps stop STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck? | [
"What did ski-jump ramps stop STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21806 | 5acd830507355d001abf44f2 | Aircraft_carrier | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downwards. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump launching fully loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea. | Who originally hated the ski-jump ramp? | Who originally hated the ski-jump ramp? | [
"Who originally hated the ski-jump ramp?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21807 | 5acd830507355d001abf44f3 | Aircraft_carrier | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downwards. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump launching fully loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea. | What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be a failure? | What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be a failure? | [
"What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be a failure?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21808 | 5acd830507355d001abf44f4 | Aircraft_carrier | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downwards. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump launching fully loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea. | What does the ski-jump ramp prevent a unloaded and fueled aircraft from doing? | What does the ski-jump ramp prevent a unloaded and fueled aircraft from doing? | [
"What does the ski-jump ramp prevent a unloaded and fueled aircraft from doing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21809 | 570ab06e4103511400d59932 | Aircraft_carrier | An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. | What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers equipped with? | What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers equipped with? | [
"What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers equipped with?"
] | {
"text": [
"full-length"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21810 | 570ab06e4103511400d59933 | Aircraft_carrier | An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. | What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for aircraft? | What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for aircraft? | [
"What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for aircraft?"
] | {
"text": [
"carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21811 | 570ab06e4103511400d59934 | Aircraft_carrier | An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. | Typically, what is the capital ship of any fleet? | Typically, what is the capital ship of any fleet? | [
"Typically, what is the capital ship of any fleet?"
] | {
"text": [
"An aircraft carrier"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21812 | 570ab06e4103511400d59935 | Aircraft_carrier | An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. | What do aircraft carriers allow naval forces to accomplish? | What do aircraft carriers allow naval forces to accomplish? | [
"What do aircraft carriers allow naval forces to accomplish?"
] | {
"text": [
"project air power worldwide without depending on local bases"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21813 | 570ab06e4103511400d59936 | Aircraft_carrier | An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. | What have the old converted cruiser aircraft carriers evolved into? | What have the old converted cruiser aircraft carriers evolved into? | [
"What have the old converted cruiser aircraft carriers evolved into?"
] | {
"text": [
"nuclear-powered warships"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21814 | 5acd5ff607355d001abf3f8e | Aircraft_carrier | An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. | What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers not equipped with? | What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers not equipped with? | [
"What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers not equipped with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21815 | 5acd5ff607355d001abf3f8f | Aircraft_carrier | An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. | What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for land vehicles? | What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for land vehicles? | [
"What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for land vehicles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21816 | 5acd5ff607355d001abf3f90 | Aircraft_carrier | An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. | Typically, what is the capital ship of no fleets? | Typically, what is the capital ship of no fleets? | [
"Typically, what is the capital ship of no fleets?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21817 | 5acd5ff607355d001abf3f91 | Aircraft_carrier | An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. | What do aircraft carriers disallow naval forces to accomplish? | What do aircraft carriers disallow naval forces to accomplish? | [
"What do aircraft carriers disallow naval forces to accomplish?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21818 | 5acd5ff607355d001abf3f92 | Aircraft_carrier | An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. | What have the new converted cruiser aircraft carriers devolved into? | What have the new converted cruiser aircraft carriers devolved into? | [
"What have the new converted cruiser aircraft carriers devolved into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21819 | 570ab54b4103511400d59950 | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins. | In what year was the advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft? | In what year was the advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft? | [
"In what year was the advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft?"
] | {
"text": [
"1903"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21820 | 570ab54b4103511400d59951 | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins. | In what year was the first experimental take-off of an airplane? | In what year was the first experimental take-off of an airplane? | [
"In what year was the first experimental take-off of an airplane?"
] | {
"text": [
"1910"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21821 | 570ab54b4103511400d59952 | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins. | In what year were the first experimental landings of an airplane? | In what year were the first experimental landings of an airplane? | [
"In what year were the first experimental landings of an airplane?"
] | {
"text": [
"1911"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21822 | 570ab54b4103511400d59953 | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins. | What did the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914? | What did the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914? | [
"What did the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914?"
] | {
"text": [
"the world's first successful ship-launched air raid"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21823 | 570ab54b4103511400d59954 | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins. | What was the first carrier-launched airstrike? | What was the first carrier-launched airstrike? | [
"What was the first carrier-launched airstrike?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Tondern Raid in July 1918"
],
"answer_start": [
828
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21824 | 5acd6eb107355d001abf41d6 | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins. | In what year was the advent of lighter-than-air fixed-wing aircraft? | In what year was the advent of lighter-than-air fixed-wing aircraft? | [
"In what year was the advent of lighter-than-air fixed-wing aircraft?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21825 | 5acd6eb107355d001abf41d7 | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins. | In what year was the second experimental take-off of an airplane? | In what year was the second experimental take-off of an airplane? | [
"In what year was the second experimental take-off of an airplane?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21826 | 5acd6eb107355d001abf41d8 | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins. | In what year were the first experimental takeoffs of an airplane? | In what year were the first experimental takeoffs of an airplane? | [
"In what year were the first experimental takeoffs of an airplane?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21827 | 5acd6eb107355d001abf41d9 | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins. | What did the Imperial Chinese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914? | What did the Imperial Chinese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914? | [
"What did the Imperial Chinese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21828 | 5acd6eb107355d001abf41da | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the British Royal Navy's HMS Hibernia. Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French Foudre of 1911. In September 1914 the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914 a Farman aircraft launched by Wakamiya attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth and the German gunboat Jaguar in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern Raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser HMS Furious damaged the German airbase at Tønder and destroyed two zeppelins. | What was the first carrier-launched seastrike? | What was the first carrier-launched seastrike? | [
"What was the first carrier-launched seastrike?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21829 | 570ab73a4103511400d5995a | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft. | Which ship was originally known as being the capital ship of the fleet? | Which ship was originally known as being the capital ship of the fleet? | [
"Which ship was originally known as being the capital ship of the fleet?"
] | {
"text": [
"the battleship"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21830 | 570ab73a4103511400d5995b | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft. | When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the capital ship of the fleet? | When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the capital ship of the fleet? | [
"When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the capital ship of the fleet?"
] | {
"text": [
"World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21831 | 570ab73a4103511400d5995c | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft. | What type of carrier is capable of displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater? | What type of carrier is capable of displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater? | [
"What type of carrier is capable of displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater?"
] | {
"text": [
"Supercarriers"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21832 | 570ab73a4103511400d5995d | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft. | Which ships are used for carrying and landing Marines? | Which ships are used for carrying and landing Marines? | [
"Which ships are used for carrying and landing Marines?"
] | {
"text": [
"Amphibious assault ships"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21833 | 570ab73a4103511400d5995e | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft. | What do Amphibious assalut ships need a large contingent of for carrying Marines? | What do Amphibious assalut ships need a large contingent of for carrying Marines? | [
"What do Amphibious assalut ships need a large contingent of for carrying Marines?"
] | {
"text": [
"helicopters"
],
"answer_start": [
768
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21834 | 5acd727e07355d001abf42a2 | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft. | Which ship was never known as being the capital ship of the fleet? | Which ship was never known as being the capital ship of the fleet? | [
"Which ship was never known as being the capital ship of the fleet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21835 | 5acd727e07355d001abf42a3 | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft. | When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the minor ship of the fleet? | When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the minor ship of the fleet? | [
"When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the minor ship of the fleet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21836 | 5acd727e07355d001abf42a4 | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft. | What type of carrier is capable of displacing 57,000 tonnes or greater? | What type of carrier is capable of displacing 57,000 tonnes or greater? | [
"What type of carrier is capable of displacing 57,000 tonnes or greater?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21837 | 5acd727e07355d001abf42a5 | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft. | Which ships are used for carrying and landing Civilians? | Which ships are used for carrying and landing Civilians? | [
"Which ships are used for carrying and landing Civilians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21838 | 5acd727e07355d001abf42a6 | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft. | What do Amphibious assault ships need a small contingent of for carrying Marines? | What do Amphibious assault ships need a small contingent of for carrying Marines? | [
"What do Amphibious assault ships need a small contingent of for carrying Marines?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21839 | 570ab8c54103511400d59964 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable". | Who is in the process of procuring two Canbera-class LHD's? | Who is in the process of procuring two Canbera-class LHD's? | [
"Who is in the process of procuring two Canbera-class LHD's?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Royal Australian Navy"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21840 | 570ab8c54103511400d59965 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable". | How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be? | How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be? | [
"How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be?"
] | {
"text": [
"the largest in Australian naval history"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21841 | 570ab8c54103511400d59966 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable". | What is one primary role of the Canbera-class LDH? | What is one primary role of the Canbera-class LDH? | [
"What is one primary role of the Canbera-class LDH?"
] | {
"text": [
"to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21842 | 570ab8c54103511400d59967 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable". | How many troops can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD? | How many troops can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD? | [
"How many troops can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21843 | 570ab8c54103511400d59968 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable". | How many helicopters is the LHD capable of launching? | How many helicopters is the LHD capable of launching? | [
"How many helicopters is the LHD capable of launching?"
] | {
"text": [
"multiple helicopters at one time"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21844 | 5acd731007355d001abf42de | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable". | Who is in the process of releasing two Canbera-class LHD's? | Who is in the process of releasing two Canbera-class LHD's? | [
"Who is in the process of releasing two Canbera-class LHD's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21845 | 5acd731007355d001abf42df | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable". | How small will the two Canbera-class LDH's be? | How small will the two Canbera-class LDH's be? | [
"How small will the two Canbera-class LDH's be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21846 | 5acd731007355d001abf42e0 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable". | What is a secondary role of the Canbera-class LDH? | What is a secondary role of the Canbera-class LDH? | [
"What is a secondary role of the Canbera-class LDH?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21847 | 5acd731007355d001abf42e1 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable". | How many civilians can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD? | How many civilians can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD? | [
"How many civilians can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21848 | 5acd731007355d001abf42e2 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable". | How many tanks is the LHD capable of launching? | How many tanks is the LHD capable of launching? | [
"How many tanks is the LHD capable of launching?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21849 | 570aba3b4103511400d5996e | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy. | What is the British Navy constructing to replace their three Invincible-class carriers? | What is the British Navy constructing to replace their three Invincible-class carriers? | [
"What is the British Navy constructing to replace their three Invincible-class carriers?"
] | {
"text": [
"two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21850 | 570aba3b4103511400d5996f | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy. | What will the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships be named? | What will the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships be named? | [
"What will the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships be named?"
] | {
"text": [
"HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21851 | 570aba3b4103511400d59970 | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy. | When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become operational? | When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become operational? | [
"When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become operational?"
] | {
"text": [
"2020"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21852 | 570aba3b4103511400d59971 | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy. | How many tonnes can the Queen Elizabeth class ships displace? | How many tonnes can the Queen Elizabeth class ships displace? | [
"How many tonnes can the Queen Elizabeth class ships displace?"
] | {
"text": [
"70,600"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21853 | 570aba3b4103511400d59972 | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy. | How large will the two Queen Elizabeth ships be? | How large will the two Queen Elizabeth ships be? | [
"How large will the two Queen Elizabeth ships be?"
] | {
"text": [
"the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy"
],
"answer_start": [
840
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21854 | 5acd75aa07355d001abf434a | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy. | What is the British Army constructing to replace their three Invincible-class carriers? | What is the British Army constructing to replace their three Invincible-class carriers? | [
"What is the British Army constructing to replace their three Invincible-class carriers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21855 | 5acd75aa07355d001abf434b | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy. | What will the 2 Queen Victoria class ships be named? | What will the 2 Queen Victoria class ships be named? | [
"What will the 2 Queen Victoria class ships be named?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21856 | 5acd75aa07355d001abf434c | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy. | When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become unoperational? | When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become unoperational? | [
"When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become unoperational?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21857 | 5acd75aa07355d001abf434d | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy. | How many grams can the Queen Elizabeth class ships displace? | How many grams can the Queen Elizabeth class ships displace? | [
"How many grams can the Queen Elizabeth class ships displace?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21858 | 5acd75aa07355d001abf434e | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy. | How old will the two Queen Elizabeth ships be? | How old will the two Queen Elizabeth ships be? | [
"How old will the two Queen Elizabeth ships be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21859 | 570abc016d058f19001830b6 | Aircraft_carrier | The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft. | Why do the constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier? | Why do the constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier? | [
"Why do the constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier?"
] | {
"text": [
"they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21860 | 570abc016d058f19001830b7 | Aircraft_carrier | The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft. | What are assisted launch mechanisms primarily used for? | What are assisted launch mechanisms primarily used for? | [
"What are assisted launch mechanisms primarily used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"heavy aircraft"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21861 | 570abc016d058f19001830b8 | Aircraft_carrier | The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft. | What does CATOBAR allow for? | What does CATOBAR allow for? | [
"What does CATOBAR allow for?"
] | {
"text": [
"deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21862 | 570abc016d058f19001830b9 | Aircraft_carrier | The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft. | Why is STOVL used by other navies? | Why is STOVL used by other navies? | [
"Why is STOVL used by other navies?"
] | {
"text": [
"it is cheaper to operate"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21863 | 5acd77d807355d001abf43a0 | Aircraft_carrier | The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft. | Why do the constraints of deconstructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier? | Why do the constraints of deconstructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier? | [
"Why do the constraints of deconstructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21864 | 5acd77d807355d001abf43a1 | Aircraft_carrier | The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft. | What are assisted launch mechanisms secondarily used for? | What are assisted launch mechanisms secondarily used for? | [
"What are assisted launch mechanisms secondarily used for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21865 | 5acd77d807355d001abf43a2 | Aircraft_carrier | The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft. | What doesn't CATOBAR allow for? | What doesn't CATOBAR allow for? | [
"What doesn't CATOBAR allow for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21866 | 5acd77d807355d001abf43a3 | Aircraft_carrier | The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft. | Why is STOVL not used by other navies? | Why is STOVL not used by other navies? | [
"Why is STOVL not used by other navies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21867 | 5acd77d807355d001abf43a4 | Aircraft_carrier | The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft. | What is more expensive to operate? | What is more expensive to operate? | [
"What is more expensive to operate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21868 | 570abe786d058f19001830c8 | Aircraft_carrier | On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck. | Why do almost all carriers using conventional aircraft have arrested-recovery systems? | Why do almost all carriers using conventional aircraft have arrested-recovery systems? | [
"Why do almost all carriers using conventional aircraft have arrested-recovery systems?"
] | {
"text": [
"conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21869 | 570abe786d058f19001830c9 | Aircraft_carrier | On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck. | What is the purpose of an arrested-recovery system? | What is the purpose of an arrested-recovery system? | [
"What is the purpose of an arrested-recovery system?"
] | {
"text": [
"to recover their aircraft"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21870 | 570abe786d058f19001830ca | Aircraft_carrier | On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck. | What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a short distance? | What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a short distance? | [
"What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a short distance?"
] | {
"text": [
"extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21871 | 570abe786d058f19001830cb | Aircraft_carrier | On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck. | What does a landing area angles off access allow an aircraft to do if if misses the arresting wires? | What does a landing area angles off access allow an aircraft to do if if misses the arresting wires? | [
"What does a landing area angles off access allow an aircraft to do if if misses the arresting wires?"
] | {
"text": [
"bolt"
],
"answer_start": [
620
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21872 | 570abe786d058f19001830cc | Aircraft_carrier | On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck. | What can a "bolt" prevent an aircraft from doing? | What can a "bolt" prevent an aircraft from doing? | [
"What can a \"bolt\" prevent an aircraft from doing?"
] | {
"text": [
"crashing into aircraft on the forward deck"
],
"answer_start": [
694
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21873 | 5acd7adc07355d001abf4400 | Aircraft_carrier | On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck. | Why do almost all carriers using nonconventional aircraft have arrested-recovery systems? | Why do almost all carriers using nonconventional aircraft have arrested-recovery systems? | [
"Why do almost all carriers using nonconventional aircraft have arrested-recovery systems?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21874 | 5acd7adc07355d001abf4401 | Aircraft_carrier | On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck. | What is not the purpose of an arrested-recovery system? | What is not the purpose of an arrested-recovery system? | [
"What is not the purpose of an arrested-recovery system?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21875 | 5acd7adc07355d001abf4402 | Aircraft_carrier | On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck. | What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a long distance? | What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a long distance? | [
"What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a long distance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21876 | 5acd7adc07355d001abf4403 | Aircraft_carrier | On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck. | What does a landing area angles off access allow an aircraft to do if it catches the arresting wires? | What does a landing area angles off access allow an aircraft to do if it catches the arresting wires? | [
"What does a landing area angles off access allow an aircraft to do if it catches the arresting wires?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21877 | 5acd7adc07355d001abf4404 | Aircraft_carrier | On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck. | What can a "bolt" allow an aircraft to do? | What can a "bolt" allow an aircraft to do? | [
"What can a \"bolt\" allow an aircraft to do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21878 | 570abf994103511400d59978 | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a commander) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called primary or the tower) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet." The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. | What are 3 key personnel involved in the flight deck? | What are 3 key personnel involved in the flight deck? | [
"What are 3 key personnel involved in the flight deck?"
] | {
"text": [
"the shooters, the handler, and the air boss"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21879 | 570abf994103511400d59979 | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a commander) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called primary or the tower) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet." The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. | What are shooters responsible for? | What are shooters responsible for? | [
"What are shooters responsible for?"
] | {
"text": [
"launching aircraft"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21880 | 570abf994103511400d5997a | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a commander) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called primary or the tower) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet." The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. | What is the handler responsible for? | What is the handler responsible for? | [
"What is the handler responsible for?"
] | {
"text": [
"the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21881 | 570abf994103511400d5997b | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a commander) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called primary or the tower) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet." The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. | Where does the captain of the ship spend most of his time? | Where does the captain of the ship spend most of his time? | [
"Where does the captain of the ship spend most of his time?"
] | {
"text": [
"on the Navigation Bridge"
],
"answer_start": [
745
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21882 | 570abf994103511400d5997c | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a commander) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called primary or the tower) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet." The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. | Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship designated for? | Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship designated for? | [
"Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship designated for?"
] | {
"text": [
"the embarked admiral and his staff"
],
"answer_start": [
817
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21883 | 5acd810007355d001abf44a4 | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a commander) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called primary or the tower) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet." The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. | What are 3 key personnel not involved in the flight deck? | What are 3 key personnel not involved in the flight deck? | [
"What are 3 key personnel not involved in the flight deck?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21884 | 5acd810007355d001abf44a5 | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a commander) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called primary or the tower) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet." The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. | What are shooters unresponsible for? | What are shooters unresponsible for? | [
"What are shooters unresponsible for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21885 | 5acd810007355d001abf44a6 | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a commander) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called primary or the tower) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet." The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. | What is the handler unresponsible for? | What is the handler unresponsible for? | [
"What is the handler unresponsible for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21886 | 5acd810007355d001abf44a7 | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a commander) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called primary or the tower) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet." The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. | Where does the captain of the ship spend the least of his time? | Where does the captain of the ship spend the least of his time? | [
"Where does the captain of the ship spend the least of his time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21887 | 5acd810007355d001abf44a8 | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a commander) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called primary or the tower) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet." The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. | Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship restricted from? | Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship restricted from? | [
"Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship restricted from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21888 | 570ac16f4103511400d5998c | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers. | What is the disadvantage of the ski-jump? | What is the disadvantage of the ski-jump? | [
"What is the disadvantage of the ski-jump?"
] | {
"text": [
"the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21889 | 570ac16f4103511400d5998d | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers. | What cannot launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight? | What cannot launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight? | [
"What cannot launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight?"
] | {
"text": [
"heavily laden aircraft"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21890 | 570ac16f4103511400d5998e | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers. | What do heavily laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from? | What do heavily laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from? | [
"What do heavily laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from?"
] | {
"text": [
"a catapult or JATO rocket"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21891 | 570ac16f4103511400d5998f | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers. | Why is a ski-jump not included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present? | Why is a ski-jump not included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present? | [
"Why is a ski-jump not included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present?"
] | {
"text": [
"would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas"
],
"answer_start": [
670
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21892 | 570ac16f4103511400d59990 | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers. | How is the Russian SU-33 able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov? | How is the Russian SU-33 able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov? | [
"How is the Russian SU-33 able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov?"
] | {
"text": [
"with a minimal armament and fuel load"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21893 | 5acd84c307355d001abf453a | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers. | What is the advantage of the ski-jump? | What is the advantage of the ski-jump? | [
"What is the advantage of the ski-jump?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21894 | 5acd84c307355d001abf453b | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers. | What can launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight? | What can launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight? | [
"What can launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21895 | 5acd84c307355d001abf453c | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers. | What do lightly laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from? | What do lightly laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from? | [
"What do lightly laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21896 | 5acd84c307355d001abf453d | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers. | Why is a ski-jump included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present? | Why is a ski-jump included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present? | [
"Why is a ski-jump included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21897 | 5acd84c307355d001abf453e | Aircraft_carrier | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers. | How is the Russian SU-33 unable to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov? | How is the Russian SU-33 unable to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov? | [
"How is the Russian SU-33 unable to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21898 | 570ac2e34103511400d599a0 | Aircraft_carrier | One STOBAR carrier: Liaoning was originally built as the 57,000 tonne Soviet Admiral Kuznetsov-class carrier Varyag and was later purchased as a stripped hulk by China in 1998 on the pretext of use as a floating casino, then partially rebuilt and towed to China for completion. Liaoning was commissioned on 25 September 2012, and began service for testing and training. On 24 or 25 November 2012, Liaoning successfully launched and recovered several Shenyang J-15 jet fighter aircraft. She is classified as a training ship, intended to allow the navy to practice with carrier usage. On 26 December 2012, the People's Daily reported that it will take four to five years for Liaoning to reach full capacity, mainly due to training and coordination which will take significant amount of time for Chinese PLA Navy to complete as this is the first aircraft carrier in their possession. As it is a training ship, Liaoning is not assigned to any of China's operation fleets. | Why did China purchase the STOBAR carrier Liaoning in 1998? | Why did China purchase the STOBAR carrier Liaoning in 1998? | [
"Why did China purchase the STOBAR carrier Liaoning in 1998?"
] | {
"text": [
"on the pretext of use as a floating casino"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21899 | 570ac2e34103511400d599a1 | Aircraft_carrier | One STOBAR carrier: Liaoning was originally built as the 57,000 tonne Soviet Admiral Kuznetsov-class carrier Varyag and was later purchased as a stripped hulk by China in 1998 on the pretext of use as a floating casino, then partially rebuilt and towed to China for completion. Liaoning was commissioned on 25 September 2012, and began service for testing and training. On 24 or 25 November 2012, Liaoning successfully launched and recovered several Shenyang J-15 jet fighter aircraft. She is classified as a training ship, intended to allow the navy to practice with carrier usage. On 26 December 2012, the People's Daily reported that it will take four to five years for Liaoning to reach full capacity, mainly due to training and coordination which will take significant amount of time for Chinese PLA Navy to complete as this is the first aircraft carrier in their possession. As it is a training ship, Liaoning is not assigned to any of China's operation fleets. | What is Liaoning classifed as? | What is Liaoning classifed as? | [
"What is Liaoning classifed as?"
] | {
"text": [
"a training ship"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
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