gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-3200 | 56dc5f8a14d3a41400c2682b | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size in higher eukaryotes. | What is the size of non-repetitive DNA divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA? | What is the size of non-repetitive DNA divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA? | [
"What is the size of non-repetitive DNA divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA?"
] | {
"text": [
"genome size"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3201 | 5a5955093e1742001a15d076 | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size in higher eukaryotes. | How is protein coding calculated? | How is protein coding calculated? | [
"How is protein coding calculated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3202 | 5a5955093e1742001a15d077 | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size in higher eukaryotes. | What are two examples of higher eukaryotes? | What are two examples of higher eukaryotes? | [
"What are two examples of higher eukaryotes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3203 | 5a5955093e1742001a15d078 | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size in higher eukaryotes. | What does having more protein coding genes not mean? | What does having more protein coding genes not mean? | [
"What does having more protein coding genes not mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3204 | 5a5955093e1742001a15d079 | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size in higher eukaryotes. | What decreases if RNA coding genes are increased? | What decreases if RNA coding genes are increased? | [
"What decreases if RNA coding genes are increased?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3205 | 5a5955093e1742001a15d07a | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size in higher eukaryotes. | What is the number of protein-coding genes divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA? | What is the number of protein-coding genes divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA? | [
"What is the number of protein-coding genes divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3206 | 56dc600514d3a41400c26835 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component. | What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA? | What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA? | [
"What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA?"
] | {
"text": [
"E. coli"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3207 | 56dc600514d3a41400c26836 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component. | What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA? | What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA? | [
"What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA?"
] | {
"text": [
"C. elegans and fruit fly"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3208 | 56dc600514d3a41400c26837 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component. | What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes? | What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes? | [
"What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes?"
] | {
"text": [
"20%"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3209 | 5a59573e3e1742001a15d080 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component. | What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in E. coli? | What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in E. coli? | [
"What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in E. coli? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3210 | 5a59573e3e1742001a15d081 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component. | What one kind of DNA do fruit flies only have? | What one kind of DNA do fruit flies only have? | [
"What one kind of DNA do fruit flies only have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3211 | 5a59573e3e1742001a15d082 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component. | What does E. coli tend to have more of than non-repetitive DNA? | What does E. coli tend to have more of than non-repetitive DNA? | [
"What does E. coli tend to have more of than non-repetitive DNA?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3212 | 5a59573e3e1742001a15d083 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component. | What is a minority component in E. coli? | What is a minority component in E. coli? | [
"What is a minority component in E. coli?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3213 | 5a59573e3e1742001a15d084 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component. | What do some plants and amphibians only have? | What do some plants and amphibians only have? | [
"What do some plants and amphibians only have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3214 | 56dc604614d3a41400c2683b | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What are two types of repetitive DNA found in genomes? | What are two types of repetitive DNA found in genomes? | [
"What are two types of repetitive DNA found in genomes?"
] | {
"text": [
"tandem repeats and interspersed repeats"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3215 | 56dc604614d3a41400c2683c | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome? | What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome? | [
"What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome?"
] | {
"text": [
"proportion of repetitive DNA"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3216 | 5a5958a83e1742001a15d08a | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What are two examples of genome size? | What are two examples of genome size? | [
"What are two examples of genome size?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3217 | 5a5958a83e1742001a15d08b | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What do you use to calculate genome size? | What do you use to calculate genome size? | [
"What do you use to calculate genome size?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3218 | 5a5958a83e1742001a15d08c | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | How do you calculate tandem repeats? | How do you calculate tandem repeats? | [
"How do you calculate tandem repeats?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3219 | 5a5958a83e1742001a15d08d | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What are interspersed repeats divided by to get the proportion of repetitive DNA? | What are interspersed repeats divided by to get the proportion of repetitive DNA? | [
"What are interspersed repeats divided by to get the proportion of repetitive DNA?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3220 | 5a5958a83e1742001a15d08e | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What do you get when dividing tandem repeats by interspersed repeats? | What do you get when dividing tandem repeats by interspersed repeats? | [
"What do you get when dividing tandem repeats by interspersed repeats?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3221 | 56dc610914d3a41400c2683f | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats. | Unequal crossing over can create what type of repetitive DNA? | Unequal crossing over can create what type of repetitive DNA? | [
"Unequal crossing over can create what type of repetitive DNA?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tandem repeats"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3222 | 56dc610914d3a41400c26840 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats. | What are two examples of tandem repeats in DNA? | What are two examples of tandem repeats in DNA? | [
"What are two examples of tandem repeats in DNA?"
] | {
"text": [
"satellite DNA and microsatellites"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3223 | 56dc610914d3a41400c26841 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats. | What is the most common type of repetitive DNA in mammals? | What is the most common type of repetitive DNA in mammals? | [
"What is the most common type of repetitive DNA in mammals?"
] | {
"text": [
"interspersed repeats."
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3224 | 5a595ba13e1742001a15d094 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats. | In what group are tandem repeats in the largest number? | In what group are tandem repeats in the largest number? | [
"In what group are tandem repeats in the largest number?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3225 | 5a595ba13e1742001a15d095 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats. | What causes interspersed repeats? | What causes interspersed repeats? | [
"What causes interspersed repeats?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3226 | 5a595ba13e1742001a15d096 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats. | What are two examples of interspersed repeats? | What are two examples of interspersed repeats? | [
"What are two examples of interspersed repeats?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3227 | 5a595ba13e1742001a15d097 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats. | How much satellite DNA is found in the genome? | How much satellite DNA is found in the genome? | [
"How much satellite DNA is found in the genome?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3228 | 5a595ba13e1742001a15d098 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats. | What is gene conversion caused by? | What is gene conversion caused by? | [
"What is gene conversion caused by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3229 | 56dc63c214d3a41400c26845 | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons). | What is the main source of interspersed repeats? | What is the main source of interspersed repeats? | [
"What is the main source of interspersed repeats?"
] | {
"text": [
"Transposable elements"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3230 | 56dc63c214d3a41400c26846 | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons). | What do researchers think transposable elements are key factors in when considering higher eukaryotes? | What do researchers think transposable elements are key factors in when considering higher eukaryotes? | [
"What do researchers think transposable elements are key factors in when considering higher eukaryotes?"
] | {
"text": [
"genome evolution"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3231 | 56dc63c214d3a41400c26847 | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons). | What are the constituents of Class 1 transposable elements? | What are the constituents of Class 1 transposable elements? | [
"What are the constituents of Class 1 transposable elements?"
] | {
"text": [
"retrotransposons"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3232 | 56dc63c214d3a41400c26848 | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons). | What are the constituents of Class 2 transposable elements? | What are the constituents of Class 2 transposable elements? | [
"What are the constituents of Class 2 transposable elements?"
] | {
"text": [
"DNA transposons"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3233 | 5a595cd03e1742001a15d09e | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons). | How are pseudogenes classified? | How are pseudogenes classified? | [
"How are pseudogenes classified?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3234 | 5a595cd03e1742001a15d09f | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons). | What two categories are pseudogenes classified into? | What two categories are pseudogenes classified into? | [
"What two categories are pseudogenes classified into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3235 | 5a595cd03e1742001a15d0a0 | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons). | Where do cells mainly come from? | Where do cells mainly come from? | [
"Where do cells mainly come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3236 | 5a595cd03e1742001a15d0a1 | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons). | What do cells also include? | What do cells also include? | [
"What do cells also include?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3237 | 5a595cd03e1742001a15d0a2 | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons). | What are pseudogenes able to do within the cell? | What are pseudogenes able to do within the cell? | [
"What are pseudogenes able to do within the cell?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3238 | 56dc63f014d3a41400c2684d | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons? | What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons? | [
"What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons?"
] | {
"text": [
"RNA"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3239 | 5a595ee03e1742001a15d0a8 | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | What can long terminal repeats produce? | What can long terminal repeats produce? | [
"What can long terminal repeats produce?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3240 | 5a595ee03e1742001a15d0a9 | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | What happens when long terminal repeats are transcribed into RNA? | What happens when long terminal repeats are transcribed into RNA? | [
"What happens when long terminal repeats are transcribed into RNA?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3241 | 5a595ee03e1742001a15d0aa | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | What is one thing RNA can be divided into? | What is one thing RNA can be divided into? | [
"What is one thing RNA can be divided into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3242 | 5a595ee03e1742001a15d0ab | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | What can the genome also be divided into? | What can the genome also be divided into? | [
"What can the genome also be divided into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3243 | 5a595ee03e1742001a15d0ac | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | Where are Long terminal repeats duplicated? | Where are Long terminal repeats duplicated? | [
"Where are Long terminal repeats duplicated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3244 | 56dc648d14d3a41400c26851 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | What is a term that can describe how DNA transposons move? | What is a term that can describe how DNA transposons move? | [
"What is a term that can describe how DNA transposons move?"
] | {
"text": [
"cut and paste"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3245 | 56dc648d14d3a41400c26852 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | DNA transposons do not use which genetic material used by Class 1 TEs? | DNA transposons do not use which genetic material used by Class 1 TEs? | [
"DNA transposons do not use which genetic material used by Class 1 TEs?"
] | {
"text": [
"RNA"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3246 | 5a5961193e1742001a15d0b2 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | What term describes how duplication happens in the genome? | What term describes how duplication happens in the genome? | [
"What term describes how duplication happens in the genome?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3247 | 5a5961193e1742001a15d0b3 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | What do genome not use as intermediate? | What do genome not use as intermediate? | [
"What do genome not use as intermediate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3248 | 5a5961193e1742001a15d0b4 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | What helps metozoan move? | What helps metozoan move? | [
"What helps metozoan move?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3249 | 5a5961193e1742001a15d0b5 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | In what organism is duplication popular? | In what organism is duplication popular? | [
"In what organism is duplication popular?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3250 | 5a5961193e1742001a15d0b6 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | What does cut and paste help metazoan do? | What does cut and paste help metazoan do? | [
"What does cut and paste help metazoan do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3251 | 56dc656c14d3a41400c26857 | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today (for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005). | What is another word for the total count of chromosomes? | What is another word for the total count of chromosomes? | [
"What is another word for the total count of chromosomes?"
] | {
"text": [
"karyotype"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3252 | 56dc656c14d3a41400c26858 | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today (for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005). | Aside from karyotype, what are other genomic traits studied by scientists? | Aside from karyotype, what are other genomic traits studied by scientists? | [
"Aside from karyotype, what are other genomic traits studied by scientists?"
] | {
"text": [
"genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3253 | 5a5962da3e1742001a15d0bc | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today (for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005). | What were other traits besides karyotype studied by Brown in 2002? | What were other traits besides karyotype studied by Brown in 2002? | [
"What were other traits besides karyotype studied by Brown in 2002?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3254 | 5a5962da3e1742001a15d0bd | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today (for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005). | What is another word for gene order? | What is another word for gene order? | [
"What is another word for gene order?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3255 | 5a5962da3e1742001a15d0be | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today (for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005). | What does GC-content have that can be measured? | What does GC-content have that can be measured? | [
"What does GC-content have that can be measured?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3256 | 5a5962da3e1742001a15d0bf | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today (for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005). | Why do researchers calculate the sum of an organisms genes? | Why do researchers calculate the sum of an organisms genes? | [
"Why do researchers calculate the sum of an organisms genes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3257 | 5a5962da3e1742001a15d0c0 | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today (for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005). | What are two things that Reese studied about karyotype in 2004? | What are two things that Reese studied about karyotype in 2004? | [
"What are two things that Reese studied about karyotype in 2004?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3258 | 56dc662314d3a41400c2685b | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is? | What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is? | [
"What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is?"
] | {
"text": [
"Duplications"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3259 | 56dc662314d3a41400c2685d | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What is a possible product of duplications? | What is a possible product of duplications? | [
"What is a possible product of duplications?"
] | {
"text": [
"genetic novelty"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3260 | 5a5964413e1742001a15d0c6 | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What role does genetic novelty play in the genome? | What role does genetic novelty play in the genome? | [
"What role does genetic novelty play in the genome?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3261 | 5a5964413e1742001a15d0c7 | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What is the first range of genetic novelty? | What is the first range of genetic novelty? | [
"What is the first range of genetic novelty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3262 | 5a5964413e1742001a15d0c8 | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What are gene clusters a large part of? | What are gene clusters a large part of? | [
"What are gene clusters a large part of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3263 | 5a5964413e1742001a15d0c9 | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | How far can genetic novelty go? | How far can genetic novelty go? | [
"How far can genetic novelty go?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3264 | 5a5964413e1742001a15d0ca | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What is the first example of genetic novelty? | What is the first example of genetic novelty? | [
"What is the first example of genetic novelty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3265 | 56dc66bb14d3a41400c26861 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes. | What is an explanation for the resemblance between disparate parts of the genome? | What is an explanation for the resemblance between disparate parts of the genome? | [
"What is an explanation for the resemblance between disparate parts of the genome?"
] | {
"text": [
"Horizontal gene transfer"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3266 | 56dc66bb14d3a41400c26862 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes. | In which organisms does horizontal gene transfer appear to occur commonly? | In which organisms does horizontal gene transfer appear to occur commonly? | [
"In which organisms does horizontal gene transfer appear to occur commonly?"
] | {
"text": [
"microbes"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3267 | 56dc66bb14d3a41400c26863 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes. | Parts of which organelle genomes are thought to have ended up in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells via transfer? | Parts of which organelle genomes are thought to have ended up in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells via transfer? | [
"Parts of which organelle genomes are thought to have ended up in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells via transfer?"
] | {
"text": [
"chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3268 | 5a596a473e1742001a15d0d0 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes. | What helps explain why different parts of chloroplasts are similar? | What helps explain why different parts of chloroplasts are similar? | [
"What helps explain why different parts of chloroplasts are similar?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3269 | 5a596a473e1742001a15d0d1 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes. | In what organism are eukaryotic cells common? | In what organism are eukaryotic cells common? | [
"In what organism are eukaryotic cells common?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3270 | 5a596a473e1742001a15d0d2 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes. | What does horizontal gene transfer explain about nuclear chromosomes? | What does horizontal gene transfer explain about nuclear chromosomes? | [
"What does horizontal gene transfer explain about nuclear chromosomes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3271 | 5a596a473e1742001a15d0d3 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes. | Where do microbes transfer material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes? | Where do microbes transfer material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes? | [
"Where do microbes transfer material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3272 | 5a596a473e1742001a15d0d4 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes. | What do microbes transfer to chloroplasts? | What do microbes transfer to chloroplasts? | [
"What do microbes transfer to chloroplasts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3273 | 5707feb09e06ca38007e94d9 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Shias believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith (Usul al-Din).As the verse 4:165 of quran expresses the necessity to the appointment of the prophets; so after the demise of the prophet who will play the role of the prophet; till the people have not any plea against Allah.So the same logic that necessitated the assignment of prophets also is applied for Imamah.That is Allah Must assign someone similar to prophet in his attributes and Ismah as his successor to guide the people without any deviation in religion. They refer to the verse (...This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion...) 5:3 of Quran which was revealed to the prophet when he appointed Ali as his successor at the day of Ghadir Khumm. | Who believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith? | Who believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith? | [
"Who believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shias"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3274 | 5707feb09e06ca38007e94da | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Shias believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith (Usul al-Din).As the verse 4:165 of quran expresses the necessity to the appointment of the prophets; so after the demise of the prophet who will play the role of the prophet; till the people have not any plea against Allah.So the same logic that necessitated the assignment of prophets also is applied for Imamah.That is Allah Must assign someone similar to prophet in his attributes and Ismah as his successor to guide the people without any deviation in religion. They refer to the verse (...This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion...) 5:3 of Quran which was revealed to the prophet when he appointed Ali as his successor at the day of Ghadir Khumm. | On what day was Ali appointed as the prophet's successor? | On what day was Ali appointed as the prophet's successor? | [
"On what day was Ali appointed as the prophet's successor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ghadir Khumm"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3275 | 5707feb09e06ca38007e94db | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Shias believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith (Usul al-Din).As the verse 4:165 of quran expresses the necessity to the appointment of the prophets; so after the demise of the prophet who will play the role of the prophet; till the people have not any plea against Allah.So the same logic that necessitated the assignment of prophets also is applied for Imamah.That is Allah Must assign someone similar to prophet in his attributes and Ismah as his successor to guide the people without any deviation in religion. They refer to the verse (...This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion...) 5:3 of Quran which was revealed to the prophet when he appointed Ali as his successor at the day of Ghadir Khumm. | What verse in the quran expresses the necessity to the appointment of the prophets? | What verse in the quran expresses the necessity to the appointment of the prophets? | [
"What verse in the quran expresses the necessity to the appointment of the prophets?"
] | {
"text": [
"4:165"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3276 | 5707feb09e06ca38007e94dc | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Shias believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith (Usul al-Din).As the verse 4:165 of quran expresses the necessity to the appointment of the prophets; so after the demise of the prophet who will play the role of the prophet; till the people have not any plea against Allah.So the same logic that necessitated the assignment of prophets also is applied for Imamah.That is Allah Must assign someone similar to prophet in his attributes and Ismah as his successor to guide the people without any deviation in religion. They refer to the verse (...This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion...) 5:3 of Quran which was revealed to the prophet when he appointed Ali as his successor at the day of Ghadir Khumm. | Who must assign a successor after the demise of a prophet? | Who must assign a successor after the demise of a prophet? | [
"Who must assign a successor after the demise of a prophet?"
] | {
"text": [
"Allah"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3277 | 5707feb09e06ca38007e94dd | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Shias believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith (Usul al-Din).As the verse 4:165 of quran expresses the necessity to the appointment of the prophets; so after the demise of the prophet who will play the role of the prophet; till the people have not any plea against Allah.So the same logic that necessitated the assignment of prophets also is applied for Imamah.That is Allah Must assign someone similar to prophet in his attributes and Ismah as his successor to guide the people without any deviation in religion. They refer to the verse (...This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion...) 5:3 of Quran which was revealed to the prophet when he appointed Ali as his successor at the day of Ghadir Khumm. | What must a prophet do? | What must a prophet do? | [
"What must a prophet do?"
] | {
"text": [
"guide the people"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3278 | 5707ff5f9e06ca38007e94e3 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance to their tariqa followers as is the case of the living Imams of the Nizari Ismaili tariqah. | What is the Shia Islam doctrine called? | What is the Shia Islam doctrine called? | [
"What is the Shia Islam doctrine called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Imamah"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3279 | 5707ff5f9e06ca38007e94e4 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance to their tariqa followers as is the case of the living Imams of the Nizari Ismaili tariqah. | Who do the Shia believe are the true successors of Muhammad? | Who do the Shia believe are the true successors of Muhammad? | [
"Who do the Shia believe are the true successors of Muhammad?"
] | {
"text": [
"Imams"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3280 | 5707ff5f9e06ca38007e94e5 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance to their tariqa followers as is the case of the living Imams of the Nizari Ismaili tariqah. | What is the role of Imams? | What is the role of Imams? | [
"What is the role of Imams?"
] | {
"text": [
"providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3281 | 5707ff5f9e06ca38007e94e6 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance to their tariqa followers as is the case of the living Imams of the Nizari Ismaili tariqah. | Who do the Shia believe are possessed of divine knowledge and authority? | Who do the Shia believe are possessed of divine knowledge and authority? | [
"Who do the Shia believe are possessed of divine knowledge and authority?"
] | {
"text": [
"Imams"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3282 | 570800b19e06ca38007e94eb | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Within Shia Islam (Shiism), the various sects came into being because they differed over their Imams' successions, just as the Shia - Sunni separation within Islam itself had come into being from the dispute that had arisen over the succession to Muhammad. Each succession dispute brought forth a different tariqah (literal meaning 'path'; extended meaning 'sect') within Shia Islam. Each Shia tariqah followed its own particular Imam's dynasty, thus resulting in different numbers of Imams for each particular Shia tariqah. When the dynastic line of the separating successor Imam ended with no heir to succeed him, then either he (the last Imam) or his unborn successor was believed to have gone into concealment, that is, The Occultation. | Why did different sects come about within Shiism? | Why did different sects come about within Shiism? | [
"Why did different sects come about within Shiism?"
] | {
"text": [
"they differed over their Imams' successions"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3283 | 570800b19e06ca38007e94ec | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Within Shia Islam (Shiism), the various sects came into being because they differed over their Imams' successions, just as the Shia - Sunni separation within Islam itself had come into being from the dispute that had arisen over the succession to Muhammad. Each succession dispute brought forth a different tariqah (literal meaning 'path'; extended meaning 'sect') within Shia Islam. Each Shia tariqah followed its own particular Imam's dynasty, thus resulting in different numbers of Imams for each particular Shia tariqah. When the dynastic line of the separating successor Imam ended with no heir to succeed him, then either he (the last Imam) or his unborn successor was believed to have gone into concealment, that is, The Occultation. | What great separation came to be from a dispute over the succession to Muhammad? | What great separation came to be from a dispute over the succession to Muhammad? | [
"What great separation came to be from a dispute over the succession to Muhammad?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shia - Sunni"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3284 | 570800b19e06ca38007e94ed | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Within Shia Islam (Shiism), the various sects came into being because they differed over their Imams' successions, just as the Shia - Sunni separation within Islam itself had come into being from the dispute that had arisen over the succession to Muhammad. Each succession dispute brought forth a different tariqah (literal meaning 'path'; extended meaning 'sect') within Shia Islam. Each Shia tariqah followed its own particular Imam's dynasty, thus resulting in different numbers of Imams for each particular Shia tariqah. When the dynastic line of the separating successor Imam ended with no heir to succeed him, then either he (the last Imam) or his unborn successor was believed to have gone into concealment, that is, The Occultation. | What is the literal meaning of tariqah? | What is the literal meaning of tariqah? | [
"What is the literal meaning of tariqah?"
] | {
"text": [
"path"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3285 | 570800b19e06ca38007e94ee | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Within Shia Islam (Shiism), the various sects came into being because they differed over their Imams' successions, just as the Shia - Sunni separation within Islam itself had come into being from the dispute that had arisen over the succession to Muhammad. Each succession dispute brought forth a different tariqah (literal meaning 'path'; extended meaning 'sect') within Shia Islam. Each Shia tariqah followed its own particular Imam's dynasty, thus resulting in different numbers of Imams for each particular Shia tariqah. When the dynastic line of the separating successor Imam ended with no heir to succeed him, then either he (the last Imam) or his unborn successor was believed to have gone into concealment, that is, The Occultation. | What does each Shia tariqah follow? | What does each Shia tariqah follow? | [
"What does each Shia tariqah follow?"
] | {
"text": [
"its own particular Imam's dynasty"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3286 | 570800b19e06ca38007e94ef | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Within Shia Islam (Shiism), the various sects came into being because they differed over their Imams' successions, just as the Shia - Sunni separation within Islam itself had come into being from the dispute that had arisen over the succession to Muhammad. Each succession dispute brought forth a different tariqah (literal meaning 'path'; extended meaning 'sect') within Shia Islam. Each Shia tariqah followed its own particular Imam's dynasty, thus resulting in different numbers of Imams for each particular Shia tariqah. When the dynastic line of the separating successor Imam ended with no heir to succeed him, then either he (the last Imam) or his unborn successor was believed to have gone into concealment, that is, The Occultation. | What is it called when the last Imam or his unborn successor goes into concealment? | What is it called when the last Imam or his unborn successor goes into concealment? | [
"What is it called when the last Imam or his unborn successor goes into concealment?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Occultation"
],
"answer_start": [
724
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3287 | 570802f39e06ca38007e94f5 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | It is forbidden for the Divine Leader not to be from the family of Muhammad.[citation needed] According to Ali al-Ridha, since it is obligatory to obey him, there should be a sign to clearly indicate the Divine Leader. That sign is his well-known ties of kinship with Muhammad and his clear appointment so that the people could distinguish him from others, and be clearly guided toward him. Otherwise others are nobler than Muhammad's offspring and they are to be followed and obeyed; and the offspring of Muhammad are obedient and subject to the offspring of Muhammad’s enemies such as Abi Jahl or Ibn Abi Ma’eet.[original research?] However, Muhammad is much nobler than others to be in charge and to be obeyed. Moreover, once the prophethood of Muhammad is testified they would obey him, no one would hesitate to follow his offspring and this would not be hard for anyone. While to follow the offspring of the corrupted families is difficult.[original research?] And that is maybe why the basic characteristic of Muhammad and other prophets was their nobility.[original research?] For none of them, it is said, were originated from a disgraced family.[citation needed] It is believed that all Muhammad's ancestors up to Adam were true Muslims. [a][citation needed] Jesus was also from a pious family, as it is mentioned in Quran that after his birth, people said to Mary: O sister of Aaron, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste."[b][improper synthesis?] | What is the basic characteristis of Muhammad and the prophets? | What is the basic characteristis of Muhammad and the prophets? | [
"What is the basic characteristis of Muhammad and the prophets?"
] | {
"text": [
"their nobility"
],
"answer_start": [
1048
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3288 | 570802f39e06ca38007e94f6 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | It is forbidden for the Divine Leader not to be from the family of Muhammad.[citation needed] According to Ali al-Ridha, since it is obligatory to obey him, there should be a sign to clearly indicate the Divine Leader. That sign is his well-known ties of kinship with Muhammad and his clear appointment so that the people could distinguish him from others, and be clearly guided toward him. Otherwise others are nobler than Muhammad's offspring and they are to be followed and obeyed; and the offspring of Muhammad are obedient and subject to the offspring of Muhammad’s enemies such as Abi Jahl or Ibn Abi Ma’eet.[original research?] However, Muhammad is much nobler than others to be in charge and to be obeyed. Moreover, once the prophethood of Muhammad is testified they would obey him, no one would hesitate to follow his offspring and this would not be hard for anyone. While to follow the offspring of the corrupted families is difficult.[original research?] And that is maybe why the basic characteristic of Muhammad and other prophets was their nobility.[original research?] For none of them, it is said, were originated from a disgraced family.[citation needed] It is believed that all Muhammad's ancestors up to Adam were true Muslims. [a][citation needed] Jesus was also from a pious family, as it is mentioned in Quran that after his birth, people said to Mary: O sister of Aaron, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste."[b][improper synthesis?] | What religion were all of Muhammad's ancestors? | What religion were all of Muhammad's ancestors? | [
"What religion were all of Muhammad's ancestors?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslims"
],
"answer_start": [
1238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3289 | 570802f39e06ca38007e94f7 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | It is forbidden for the Divine Leader not to be from the family of Muhammad.[citation needed] According to Ali al-Ridha, since it is obligatory to obey him, there should be a sign to clearly indicate the Divine Leader. That sign is his well-known ties of kinship with Muhammad and his clear appointment so that the people could distinguish him from others, and be clearly guided toward him. Otherwise others are nobler than Muhammad's offspring and they are to be followed and obeyed; and the offspring of Muhammad are obedient and subject to the offspring of Muhammad’s enemies such as Abi Jahl or Ibn Abi Ma’eet.[original research?] However, Muhammad is much nobler than others to be in charge and to be obeyed. Moreover, once the prophethood of Muhammad is testified they would obey him, no one would hesitate to follow his offspring and this would not be hard for anyone. While to follow the offspring of the corrupted families is difficult.[original research?] And that is maybe why the basic characteristic of Muhammad and other prophets was their nobility.[original research?] For none of them, it is said, were originated from a disgraced family.[citation needed] It is believed that all Muhammad's ancestors up to Adam were true Muslims. [a][citation needed] Jesus was also from a pious family, as it is mentioned in Quran that after his birth, people said to Mary: O sister of Aaron, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste."[b][improper synthesis?] | Who does the Quran say was also from a pious family? | Who does the Quran say was also from a pious family? | [
"Who does the Quran say was also from a pious family?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jesus"
],
"answer_start": [
1268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3290 | 570802f39e06ca38007e94f8 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | It is forbidden for the Divine Leader not to be from the family of Muhammad.[citation needed] According to Ali al-Ridha, since it is obligatory to obey him, there should be a sign to clearly indicate the Divine Leader. That sign is his well-known ties of kinship with Muhammad and his clear appointment so that the people could distinguish him from others, and be clearly guided toward him. Otherwise others are nobler than Muhammad's offspring and they are to be followed and obeyed; and the offspring of Muhammad are obedient and subject to the offspring of Muhammad’s enemies such as Abi Jahl or Ibn Abi Ma’eet.[original research?] However, Muhammad is much nobler than others to be in charge and to be obeyed. Moreover, once the prophethood of Muhammad is testified they would obey him, no one would hesitate to follow his offspring and this would not be hard for anyone. While to follow the offspring of the corrupted families is difficult.[original research?] And that is maybe why the basic characteristic of Muhammad and other prophets was their nobility.[original research?] For none of them, it is said, were originated from a disgraced family.[citation needed] It is believed that all Muhammad's ancestors up to Adam were true Muslims. [a][citation needed] Jesus was also from a pious family, as it is mentioned in Quran that after his birth, people said to Mary: O sister of Aaron, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste."[b][improper synthesis?] | What is forbidden for the Divine Leader? | What is forbidden for the Divine Leader? | [
"What is forbidden for the Divine Leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"not to be from the family of Muhammad"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3291 | 570802f39e06ca38007e94f9 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | It is forbidden for the Divine Leader not to be from the family of Muhammad.[citation needed] According to Ali al-Ridha, since it is obligatory to obey him, there should be a sign to clearly indicate the Divine Leader. That sign is his well-known ties of kinship with Muhammad and his clear appointment so that the people could distinguish him from others, and be clearly guided toward him. Otherwise others are nobler than Muhammad's offspring and they are to be followed and obeyed; and the offspring of Muhammad are obedient and subject to the offspring of Muhammad’s enemies such as Abi Jahl or Ibn Abi Ma’eet.[original research?] However, Muhammad is much nobler than others to be in charge and to be obeyed. Moreover, once the prophethood of Muhammad is testified they would obey him, no one would hesitate to follow his offspring and this would not be hard for anyone. While to follow the offspring of the corrupted families is difficult.[original research?] And that is maybe why the basic characteristic of Muhammad and other prophets was their nobility.[original research?] For none of them, it is said, were originated from a disgraced family.[citation needed] It is believed that all Muhammad's ancestors up to Adam were true Muslims. [a][citation needed] Jesus was also from a pious family, as it is mentioned in Quran that after his birth, people said to Mary: O sister of Aaron, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste."[b][improper synthesis?] | What is the sign that indicates the Divine Leader? | What is the sign that indicates the Divine Leader? | [
"What is the sign that indicates the Divine Leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"his well-known ties of kinship with Muhammad"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3292 | 570804549e06ca38007e94ff | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The word "Imām" denotes a person who stands or walks "in front". For Sunni Islam, the word is commonly used to mean a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque. It also means the head of a madhhab ("school of thought"). However, from the Shia point of view this is merely the basic understanding of the word in the Arabic language and, for its proper religious usage, the word "Imam" is applicable only to those members of the house of Muhammad designated as infallible by the preceding Imam. | What word literally means a person who stands or walks in front? | What word literally means a person who stands or walks in front? | [
"What word literally means a person who stands or walks in front?"
] | {
"text": [
"Imām"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3293 | 570804549e06ca38007e9500 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The word "Imām" denotes a person who stands or walks "in front". For Sunni Islam, the word is commonly used to mean a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque. It also means the head of a madhhab ("school of thought"). However, from the Shia point of view this is merely the basic understanding of the word in the Arabic language and, for its proper religious usage, the word "Imam" is applicable only to those members of the house of Muhammad designated as infallible by the preceding Imam. | For Sunni Islam, what does the word Imam commonly mean? | For Sunni Islam, what does the word Imam commonly mean? | [
"For Sunni Islam, what does the word Imam commonly mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3294 | 570804549e06ca38007e9501 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The word "Imām" denotes a person who stands or walks "in front". For Sunni Islam, the word is commonly used to mean a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque. It also means the head of a madhhab ("school of thought"). However, from the Shia point of view this is merely the basic understanding of the word in the Arabic language and, for its proper religious usage, the word "Imam" is applicable only to those members of the house of Muhammad designated as infallible by the preceding Imam. | What does the word madhhab mean? | What does the word madhhab mean? | [
"What does the word madhhab mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"school of thought"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3295 | 570804549e06ca38007e9502 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The word "Imām" denotes a person who stands or walks "in front". For Sunni Islam, the word is commonly used to mean a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque. It also means the head of a madhhab ("school of thought"). However, from the Shia point of view this is merely the basic understanding of the word in the Arabic language and, for its proper religious usage, the word "Imam" is applicable only to those members of the house of Muhammad designated as infallible by the preceding Imam. | What does Imam mean in its proper religious context? | What does Imam mean in its proper religious context? | [
"What does Imam mean in its proper religious context?"
] | {
"text": [
"members of the house of Muhammad designated as infallible"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3296 | 570805e39e06ca38007e9507 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Although all these different Shia tariqahs belong to the Shia group (as opposed to the Sunni group) in Islam, there are major doctrinal differences between the main Shia tariqahs. After that there is the complete doctrinal break between all the different Shia tariqahs whose last Imams have gone into Occultation and the Shia Nizari Ismailis who deny the very concept of Occultation. The Shia Nizari Ismailis by definition have to have a present and living Imam until the end of time.[citation needed] Thus if any living Nizari Ismaili Imam fails to leave behind a successor after him then the Nizari Ismailism’s cardinal principle would be broken and it’s very raison d'être would come to an end. | What group do the Shia tariqahs belong to? | What group do the Shia tariqahs belong to? | [
"What group do the Shia tariqahs belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shia"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3297 | 570805e39e06ca38007e9508 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Although all these different Shia tariqahs belong to the Shia group (as opposed to the Sunni group) in Islam, there are major doctrinal differences between the main Shia tariqahs. After that there is the complete doctrinal break between all the different Shia tariqahs whose last Imams have gone into Occultation and the Shia Nizari Ismailis who deny the very concept of Occultation. The Shia Nizari Ismailis by definition have to have a present and living Imam until the end of time.[citation needed] Thus if any living Nizari Ismaili Imam fails to leave behind a successor after him then the Nizari Ismailism’s cardinal principle would be broken and it’s very raison d'être would come to an end. | What has happened to some of the Shia tariqahs last Imams? | What has happened to some of the Shia tariqahs last Imams? | [
"What has happened to some of the Shia tariqahs last Imams?"
] | {
"text": [
"Occultation"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3298 | 570805e39e06ca38007e9509 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Although all these different Shia tariqahs belong to the Shia group (as opposed to the Sunni group) in Islam, there are major doctrinal differences between the main Shia tariqahs. After that there is the complete doctrinal break between all the different Shia tariqahs whose last Imams have gone into Occultation and the Shia Nizari Ismailis who deny the very concept of Occultation. The Shia Nizari Ismailis by definition have to have a present and living Imam until the end of time.[citation needed] Thus if any living Nizari Ismaili Imam fails to leave behind a successor after him then the Nizari Ismailism’s cardinal principle would be broken and it’s very raison d'être would come to an end. | Who deny the concept of Occulation? | Who deny the concept of Occulation? | [
"Who deny the concept of Occulation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shia Nizari Ismailis"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3299 | 570805e39e06ca38007e950a | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Although all these different Shia tariqahs belong to the Shia group (as opposed to the Sunni group) in Islam, there are major doctrinal differences between the main Shia tariqahs. After that there is the complete doctrinal break between all the different Shia tariqahs whose last Imams have gone into Occultation and the Shia Nizari Ismailis who deny the very concept of Occultation. The Shia Nizari Ismailis by definition have to have a present and living Imam until the end of time.[citation needed] Thus if any living Nizari Ismaili Imam fails to leave behind a successor after him then the Nizari Ismailism’s cardinal principle would be broken and it’s very raison d'être would come to an end. | What kind of Imam do Shia Nizari Ismailis have? | What kind of Imam do Shia Nizari Ismailis have? | [
"What kind of Imam do Shia Nizari Ismailis have?"
] | {
"text": [
"present and living"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
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