id string | dataset string | question string | options list | answer string | explanation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mmlu_aux_3422 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
in more advanced systems. secondly, percolated nanoparticles drastically improve resin conductivity, turning it from a perfect isolator into a semiconductor. while improved damage tolerance properties could directly lead to structural weight savings, the exploitation of electrical properties could also enable a s... | [
"is still being tried out",
"is already under construction",
"has been in wide use",
"will be put into wide use soon"
] | A | null |
mmlu_aux_4954 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
earth ’ s surface, a high tide is created on the side of earth nearest to the moon, where the moon ’ s gravitational pull is strongest. why is there also a high tide on the opposite side of earth? the answer is that earth is pulled toward the moon more than the water on the far side, because earth is closer to th... | [
"the moon",
"the sun",
"the stars",
"the Earth"
] | B | null |
aquarat_24424 | aquarat | <ctx>
similar results as the original criterion. for single assets ( stock, index fund, etc. ), and a risk - free rate, it is easy to obtain the optimal fraction to invest through geometric brownian motion. the stochastic differential equation governing the evolution of a lognormally distributed asset at time ( ) is wh... | [
"A)0.5",
"B)12",
"C)3",
"D)18"
] | D | A = P + I = 62500 + 5100 = 67600
67600 = 62500(1 + 12/4*100)^(4t)
(676/625) = (103/100)^(4t)
t =1 1/2 yrs = 18 months
Answer: D |
medmcqa_2810 | medmcqa | <ctx>
, the right and left ventricles, is reduced by the resistance of the blood vessels as the blood flows through them. the left ventricle increases arterial blood pressure that drives the flow of blood through all parts of the body except the lungs. the right ventricle receives the lower pressure blood from two majo... | [
"Decrease in peripheral oxygen saturation",
"Indomethacin therapy",
"Prostaglandin E1",
"Increase in pulmonary vascular resistance"
] | B | b. Indomethacin therapy(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2197, Ghai 8/e p 417)Indomethacin, a Prostaglandin inhibitor is used in medical closure of Ductus arteriosus. |
openbookqa_3048 | openbookqa | <ctx>
thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. a thermoconforming organism, by contrast, simply adopts the surrounding temperature as its own body temperature, thus avoiding the need for internal therm... | [
"frozen",
"freezing",
"cold",
"agreeable temperature"
] | D | |
aquarat_10268 | aquarat | <ctx>
##mic monotonicity is not sufficient for computing the threshold itself ; the threshold can be computed by assuming expected - utility maximization and prior probabilities. a general problem with the weighted majority rules is that they require to know the competence levels of the different voters, which is usual... | [
"A)A)70",
"B)B)1085",
"C)C)630",
"D)D)1,260"
] | B | Total number of ways to select at least one professor = Number of ways to select 3 people from 15 students and 7 professors - Number of ways to select 3 people from 15 student (i.e. without including any professor)
= 22C3 - 15C3 = 1540 - 455 = 1085
ANSWER:B |
aquarat_46699 | aquarat | <ctx>
p ) of 1. 8. meaning that its oil is virtually exhausted. indications are that thai oil peaked in 2016 at 486, 000 barrels per day. consumption : thailand's consumption in 2018 was 65. 8 mtoe, up 2. 2 % over the previous year. gas thailand's proved natural gas reserves amount to 0. 2 trillion m3. its production i... | [
"A)3",
"B)20",
"C)28",
"D)14"
] | A | number of statues=all the paint÷amount used per statue
=3/6 ÷ 1/6
=3/6*6/1
=3/1
=3
Answer is A. |
arc_easy_639 | arc_easy | <ctx>
from the wind. a craft with sufficient momentum to reach the opposite tack, the vessel passing through the eye of the wind is in stays — unable to provide sail power until it exits the no - go zone. if a sailing craft tacks too slowly through the eye of the wind, or otherwise loses forward motion in the no - go z... | [
"Rope",
"Magnetic compass",
"Blanket",
"Measuring tape"
] | B | |
aquarat_17524 | aquarat | <ctx>
20. 50
. 98 10. 99 10. 100
of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 − p ( t ) and therefore : the r... | [
"A)31.5",
"B)33.8",
"C)31.6",
"D)31.3"
] | B | 100*(80/100)*(90/100)*(92/100)
= 66.2
100 - 66.2 = 33.8
Answer:B |
pubmedqa_687 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
the lower extremities ) is a well - established congenital anomaly associated with maternal diabetes mellitus. other causes are presumably involved, as demonstrated by the rare overall incidence of caudal regression syndrome ( 1 : 60, 000 ) compared to diabetes ; however, the condition does have a greatly increas... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
aquarat_10235 | aquarat | <ctx>
be reconciled with neoclassical economics by assuming that production follows constant returns to scale. further, this formulation does not treat the rate of profit as a price determined by supply and demand. rather, it fits more with neoclassical conceptions of " normal " profits. these refer to the basic profit... | [
"A)63 : 45 : 34",
"B)63 : 54 : 34",
"C)36 : 54 : 28",
"D)2 : 4 : 1"
] | D | Explanation:
Let 4(A’s capital) = 2(B’s capital) = 8(C’s capital) = Rs.x
Then, A’s capital = Rs x/4, B’s capital = Rs. x/2 and C’s capital = Rs. x/8.
A : B : C = x/4 : x/2 : x/8
2 : 4 : 1
Answer: Option D |
mmlu_aux_6893 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
of other objects in the sky, though varying thicknesses of cloud cover have differing effects. a very thin cirrus cloud in front of the moon might produce a rainbow - colored ring around the moon. stars and planets are too small or dim to take on this effect and are instead only dimmed ( often to the point of inv... | [
"light in an area becomes greater",
"there is a lot of rain",
"light in an area becomes lessened",
"there is a lot of snow"
] | A | null |
medmcqa_874 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##iv inst of med, ktm, nepal, 1996 : 445 ~ 599. 8. serology and immunology ( chapter - x ). in text book of medical laboratory technology, edit : nakanishi m, shrestha hg & rai sk, jica med edu project, tribhuvan univ inst of med, ktm, nepal, 1996 : 601 ~ 33. 9. rai sk, uga s, kataoka n & matsumura t : atlas of m... | [
"VIPoma",
"ACTHoma",
"GRFoma",
"Glucagnoma"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., VIPoma Pancreatic Neuroendocrine TumorsTumourBiologicaly active peptide secretedTumour locationMalignant percentageMain symptoms and signsGastrinoma (non b cell tumour)GastrinDuodenum (70%) Pancreas (25%) other sites (5%)60-90o Pain (79-J 00%)o Diarrhoea (30-73%)o GERD (30-35%)o Peptic ulcerInsulinoma... |
medmcqa_2345 | medmcqa | <ctx>
cancer, which contributes to 26. 8 % of all cancer deaths. statistics indicate that between the ages of 20 and 50 years, the incidence rate of cancer is higher amongst women whereas after 50 years of age, the incidence rate increases in men. predictions by the canadian cancer society indicate that with time, ther... | [
"Non-functioning adenoma",
"Adrenocoical carcinoma",
"Adrenal metastasis",
"Pheochromocytoma"
] | A | An incidentaloma is an adrenal mass, detected incidentally by imaging studies conducted for other reasons, not known previously to have been present or causing symptomsMore than 75% are non-functioning adenomas but Cushing's adenomas, phaeochromocytomas, metastases, adrenocoical carcinomas and Conn's tumours can all be... |
aquarat_6296 | aquarat | <ctx>
of items that compared equal. equivalently, each item's ranking number is 1 plus the number of items ranked above it. this ranking strategy is frequently adopted for competitions, as it means that if two ( or more ) competitors tie for a position in the ranking, the position of all those ranked below them is unaf... | [
"A)154 m",
"B)176 m",
"C)268 m",
"D)129 m"
] | A | By the time A covers 1000 m, B covers (1000 - 60) = 940 m.
By the time B covers 1000 m, C covers (1000 - 100) = 900 m.
So, the ratio of speeds of A and C =
1000/940 * 1000/900 = 1000/846 So, by the time A covers 1000 m, C covers 846 m.
So in 1000 m race A beats C by 1000 - 846 = 154 m.
Answer:A |
medmcqa_9262 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the 1930s, hundreds of cases of tay – sachs disease had been reported in medical literature. david slome, a researcher in the department of social biology at the university of london, summarizing the knowledge of the time, concluded that tay – sachs disease was caused by a single genetic defect, and that it follo... | [
"Hexosaminidase",
"Sphingomyelinase",
"Galactokinase",
"Glucosidase"
] | B | It is a lipid storage disease, due to deficiency of sphingomyelinase. Leads to the accumulation of sphingomyelin.Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 193 |
aquarat_29330 | aquarat | <ctx>
100, which immediately proves that 100 is not prime. every positive integer except 1 is divisible by at least one prime number by the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. therefore the algorithm need only search for prime divisors less than / equal to. for another example, consider how this algorithm determines the... | [
"A) 11",
"B) 13",
"C) 14",
"D) 15"
] | D | primes are of the form 6n+1 or 6n-1
Put n=0
6n+1=6*0+1=1 where 1 is not prime
for n=1
6n+1=6*1+1=7 and 6n-1= 6*1-1=5
for n=2
6n-1= 11 and 6n+1=13
for n=3 , ==> 19 and 17
for n = 4 ==> 23
for n =5 ==> 29 and 31
for n = 6 ==> 37
for n=7 ==> 41 and 43
for n = 8 ==> 47
therefore total number of prime numbers = 13 + 2(since... |
arc_challenge_1050 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
every other particle with a force along a line joining them. the force is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. figure 6. 18 gravitational attraction is along a line joining the centers of mass of these two bodies. the magnitude... | [
"skateboards.",
"refrigerators.",
"bowling balls.",
"school buses."
] | D | |
arc_easy_141 | arc_easy | <ctx>
such as bioproduction of medicines and biofuels. for instance, e. coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae in a consortium could be used as industrial microbes to produce precursors of the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel by applying the metabolic engineering in a co - culture approach to exploit the benefits from the ... | [
"Growing a whole plant from a single cell.",
"Finding the sequences of bases in plant DNA.",
"Inserting a gene into plants that makes them resistant to insects.",
"Attaching the root of one type of plant to the stem of another type of plant."
] | C | |
aquarat_47167 | aquarat | <ctx>
that somebody secretly rolls two fair six - sided dice, and we wish to compute the probability that the face - up value of the first one is 2, given the information that their sum is no greater than 5. let d1 be the value rolled on die 1. let d2 be the value rolled on die 2. probability that d1 = 2 table 1 shows ... | [
"A)5/7",
"B)5/9",
"C)5/4",
"D)5/1"
] | B | No two dice show same number would mean all the three faces should show different numbers. The first can fall in any one of the six ways. The second die can show a different number in five ways. The third should show a number that is different from the first and second. This can happen in four ways.
Thus 6 * 5 * 4 = 12... |
aquarat_11657 | aquarat | <ctx>
| 23 | | 50. 7 % | - | align = right | 30 | | 70. 6 % | - | align = right | 40 | | 89. 1 % | - | align = right | 50 | | 97. 0 % | - | align = right | 60 | | 99. 4 % | - | align = right | 70 | | 99. 9 % | - | align = right | 75 | | 99. 97 % | - | align = right | 100 | | % | - | align = right | 200 | | % | - | alig... | [
"A)77",
"B)88",
"C)99",
"D)110"
] | A | Explanation:
Product of numbers = 11 x 385 = 4235
Let the numbers be 11a and 11b . Then , 11a x 11b = 4235 inline fn_jvn Rightarrow ab = 35
Now, co-primes with product 35 are (1,35) and (5,7)
So, the numbers are ( 11 x 1, 11 x 35) and (11 x 5, 11 x 7)
Since one number lies 75 and 125, the suitable pair is (55,77)
Hence... |
qasc_6363 | qasc | <ctx>
a bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have com... | [
"health",
"lungs",
"forces",
"humans"
] | B | |
medmcqa_678 | medmcqa | <ctx>
in situ represents a promising strategy for cardiac regeneration. mice exposed in vivo, to three cardiac transcription factors gmt ( gata4, mef2c, tbx5 ) and the small - molecules : sb - 431542 ( the transforming growth factor ( tgf ) - β inhibitor ), and xav939 ( the wnt inhibitor ) for 2 weeks after myocardial ... | [
"Ketamine",
"Etomidate",
"Propofol",
"Midazolam"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Etomidate Effects of Etomidate on cardiovascular systemEtomidate has minimal effects on the cardiovascular system.It causes mild reduction in peripheral vascular resistance which may cause a slight decline in arterial blood pressure.Myocardial contractility and cardiac output are usually unchanged. Et... |
medmcqa_8656 | medmcqa | <ctx>
in the polymerase chain reaction. although the temperature of dna melting is not diagnostic in the technique, methods for estimating tm are important for determining the appropriate temperatures to use in a protocol. dna melting temperatures can also be used as a proxy for equalizing the hybridization strengths o... | [
"A=T",
"GEC",
"Molecular base",
"Parallel arrangement"
] | B | B i.e. G CThermostability in DNA is constributed mostly by C GQ because there are 3 Hydrogen bonds between C & GQ. G C bonds are much more resistant to denaturation or melting than A= T rich region (2 Hydrogen bonds) |
medmcqa_8773 | medmcqa | <ctx>
, braided multifilament. it is coated with n - laurin and l - lysine, which render the thread extremely smooth, soft and safe for knotting. it is also coated with magnesium stearate and finally sterilized with ethylene oxide gas. it is naturally degraded in the body by hydrolysis and is absorbed as water - solubl... | [
"Delayed resorption.",
"No resorption.",
"Early resorption.",
"Greater adherence."
] | A | The chromic catgut contains the chromic salt solution to delay absorption. |
mmlu_aux_8619 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
a bell, producing a brief oscillating current which is radiated as electromagnetic waves by the antenna. the transmitter repeats this cycle at a rapid rate, so the spark appeared continuous, and the radio signal sounded like a whine or buzz in a radio receiver. the cycle begins when current from the transformer c... | [
"iphone",
"soft carpet",
"outside wall",
"wooden table"
] | A | null |
aquarat_45960 | aquarat | <ctx>
rules ( or guidelines ) for correct hyphenation vary between languages, and may be complex, and they can interact with other orthographic and typesetting practices. hyphenation algorithms, when employed in concert with dictionaries, are sufficient for all but the most formal texts. it may be necessary to distingu... | [
"A)None of these",
"B)64",
"C)120",
"D)36"
] | D | Explanation :
The word 'DETAIL' has 6 letters which has 3 vowels (EAI) and 3 consonants(DTL)
The 3 vowels(EAI) must occupy only the odd positions.
Let's mark the positions as (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6).
Now, the 3 vowels should only occupy the 3 positions marked as (1),(3) and (5) in any order.
Hence, number of ways to ar... |
openbookqa_1303 | openbookqa | <ctx>
two - terminal components and electrical networks can be connected in series or parallel. the resulting electrical network will have two terminals, and itself can participate in a series or parallel topology. whether a two - terminal " object " is an electrical component ( e. g. a resistor ) or an electrical netw... | [
"really broken",
"singular",
"equidistant",
"slowly burning"
] | C | |
arc_easy_1846 | arc_easy | <ctx>
the 2019 amazon rainforest wildfires season saw a year - to - year surge in fires occurring in the amazon rainforest and amazon biome within brazil, bolivia, paraguay, and peru during that year's amazonian tropical dry season. fires normally occur around the dry season as slash - and - burn methods are used to cl... | [
"by threatening native plants and animals",
"by increasing the rate of soil erosion",
"by increasing the water levels in oceans",
"by releasing carbon into the atmosphere"
] | D | |
aquarat_6831 | aquarat | <ctx>
the poverty line based on per capita consumption expenditure per month or day. for rural areas, it was rs 816 per month or rs 27 per day. for urban areas, it was rs 1000 per month or rs 33 per day. using this methodology, the population below the poverty line in 2009 – 2010 was 354 million ( 29. 6 % of the popula... | [
"A)Rs. 30,000",
"B)Rs. 50,000",
"C)Rs. 60,000",
"D)Rs. 90,000"
] | C | N/3=P/2
N+P=150000
60000
ANSWER:C |
mmlu_aux_4163 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##lab 1 mission was highly successful, proving the feasibility of the concept of carrying out complex experiments in space using non - nasa persons trained as payload specialists in collaboration with a pocc. moreover, the tdrs - 1 satellite, now fully operational, was able to relay significant amounts of data th... | [
"there were seven astronauts killed on board",
"both the shuttles exploded when they took off",
"Both the shuttles exploded when they were about to land",
"no human remains were found"
] | A | null |
aquarat_13136 | aquarat | <ctx>
note that, so the condition is equivalent to and is equivalent to thus, we do not actually need, and since and, or, or, so by using instead of we save time and space by a factor of 1 /. also, the we subtract in the new test cancels the one in, so now the highest power of we have to evaluate is rather than. summar... | [
"A)A)51",
"B)B)50",
"C)C)45",
"D)D)72"
] | D | Explanation:
Let the number be x. Then,
x - (x/3) = 48 => 2x/3 = 48
=> x = 72
Answer: Option D |
aquarat_24889 | aquarat | <ctx>
10−1 ( 0. 1 ; one tenth ) iso : deci - ( d ) legal history : 10 % was widespread as the tax raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period ; see tithe. mathematics – poker : the odds of being dealt only one pair in poker are about 5 to 2 against ( 2. 37 to 1 ), for a probability of 0. 42 ( 42 % )... | [
"A)11",
"B)50",
"C)17",
"D)12"
] | B | 5:1 = x: 10
x = 50
Answer: B |
qasc_6565 | qasc | <ctx>
) flower, on different flowers on the same plant, or on different plants. the pollen produces male gametes that enter the ovule to fertilize the egg cell of the female gametophyte. fertilization takes place within the carpels or ovaries, which develop into fruits that contain seeds. fruits may be dispersed whole,... | [
"bushes",
"cacti",
"daisies",
"plants"
] | C | |
medmcqa_16 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. for liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of " thickness " : for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area. thus its si u... | [
"Cryoglobulinemia",
"Multiple myeloma",
"MGUS",
"Lymphoma"
] | A | Ref William hematology 6/e p1268 The term cryoglobulinemia refers to the presence in the serum of proteins that precipitate at temperatures below 37 degrees C and redissolve on rewarming. ... The elective treatment for hyperviscosity syndrome, whether associated with monoclonal, mixed, or polyclonalcryoglobulinemia, is... |
openbookqa_2632 | openbookqa | <ctx>
“ the human interface to a physical model is the essence of ‘ intuitive ’. there are no widgets to manipulate, no sliders to move, and no displays to look through ( or wear ). instead, we walk around objects, moving in and out to zoom, gazing and focusing on interesting components, all at very high visual, spatia... | [
"An old spyglass",
"Squinting your eyes",
"A large mirror",
"Some good sunglasses"
] | A | |
openbookqa_1677 | openbookqa | <ctx>
the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. in addition, they are influential in the global carbon and water cycles and plant roots bind and stabilise soils, preventing soil erosion. plants are crucial to the future of human society as they provide food, o... | [
"TV shows",
"sustenance",
"friends",
"candy"
] | B | |
medmcqa_6563 | medmcqa | <ctx>
. the us national library of medicine publishes " lactmed, " an up - to - date online database of information on drugs and lactation. geared to both healthcare practitioners and nursing mothers, lactmed contains over 450 drug records with information such as potential drug effects and alternative drugs to conside... | [
"No advice as most of drug are not secreted into breast milk",
"Give longer half-life drugs",
"Tell the mother to feed when it is least efficacious",
"Lactate Just before she take the next dose, when the plasma concentration of drug would be least."
] | D | ANS. DPlasma concentration of drug varies with time follows the graph as shown below. Certain drugs can be secreted in breast milk and therefore transferred to the infant. Care should be taken to decrease this to the minimum possible levels.Least plasma concentration of the drug will be just before the next loading dos... |
arc_easy_1338 | arc_easy | <ctx>
in cellular biology, membrane transport refers to the collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of solutes such as ions and small molecules through biological membranes, which are lipid bilayers that contain proteins embedded in them. the regulation of passage through the membrane is due to selective mem... | [
"diffusion.",
"oxidation.",
"respiration.",
"reproduction."
] | A | |
aquarat_40513 | aquarat | <ctx>
the number of tilings for, then we consider. focusing on how we can begin our tiling, we have two cases. we can start with our first tile being vertical, which means we are left with which has different tilings. the other way we can start our tiling is by laying two horizontal tiles on top of each other, which le... | [
"A)5",
"B)6",
"C)10",
"D)13"
] | C | Suppose there are c columns and there are r rows
Original Situation
So, Number of tiles = c*r = 160
Also. Reach column has r tiles and each row has c tiles
New Situation
Number of tiles in each column is r-2 and number of tiles in each row is c+4
So, number of rows = r-2 and number of columns is c+4
So, Number of tiles... |
pubmedqa_973 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
and secrete extracellular matrix components such as type i collagen, chemokines and cytokines. function quiescent pascs produce metalloproteinases such as mmp - 2, mmp - 9, and mmp - 13 and their inhibitors, which assist in the turnover of the extracellular matrix ( ecm ). as a result of regulating ecm turnover, ... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | A | |
qasc_2406 | qasc | <ctx>
the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, dna and rna, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites. the term comes from the latin word meaning'small roo... | [
"organs",
"Microscopic organisms",
"sub-units of species",
"microscopic building blocks"
] | D | |
aquarat_28598 | aquarat | <ctx>
of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 − p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ... | [
"A)s.10",
"B)s.2",
"C)s.5",
"D)s.3"
] | C | 3125 = D(100/4)2
D = 5
ANSWER:C |
medmcqa_88 | medmcqa | <ctx>
physical oncology ( po ) is defined as the study of the role of mechanical signals in a cancerous tumor. the mechanical signals can be forces, pressures ( " pull ", " push " and " shear " designating the forces / pressures that push, pull or are tangential ). if we generalize we will speak of " stress field " and... | [
"Hypoplasia of lung",
"Congenital cyst",
"Lobar sequestration",
"Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation"
] | D | Ans. (d) Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 670; 8th/pg 679)Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM): Hamartomatous Q or dysplastic lung tissue, usually confined to one lobe. |
medmcqa_3031 | medmcqa | <ctx>
may collapse. suction is applied to the chest cavity of surgery patients and trauma victims to reestablish negative pressure and inflate the lungs. figure 11. 36 ( a ) during inhalation, muscles expand the chest, and the diaphragm moves downward, reducing pressure inside the lungs to less than atmospheric ( negat... | [
"Left side pushed down by hea",
"Left side lower than right side",
"Right side lower than left side",
"Hernia common on right side"
] | C | The Diaphragm This thin fibromuscular paition between thoracic and abdominal cavities is an impoant muscle of respiration.When it contracts,it increases the veical extend of thoracic cavity by paially flatenning its dome and displacingthe abdominal contents downwards.The firous,central pa of the diapgragm(central tendo... |
qasc_3071 | qasc | <ctx>
by firmly pinching the apical meristem ( s ) so as to substantially damage vascular and structural cells but without totally breaking the stem. this causes lower limbs to grow more rapidly while the pinched tissue heals, after which time the stem resumes apical dominance. hydroponics hydroponic cultivation genera... | [
"heart cells",
"rainfall",
"bending light rays",
"vascular tissues"
] | D | |
mmlu_aux_2586 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##s des seances de l'academie des sciences, paris 91 : 1034 – 1038 ( in french ). olsson, a., emmett, d., henson, d. and fanning, e. 2006. activity patterns and abundance of microchiropteran bats at a cave roost in southwest madagascar ( subscription required ). african journal of ecology 44 : 401 – 403. peterson... | [
"A new kind of bats.",
"Great apes.",
"A new kind of squirrel.",
"A new kind of rabbit."
] | D | null |
aquarat_49452 | aquarat | <ctx>
1. 91 s 51. ( a ) 94. 0 m ( b ) 3. 13 s 53. ( a ) - 70. 0 m / s ( downward ) ( b ) 6. 10 s 55. ( a ) ( b ) 57. ( a ) 305 m ( b ) 262 m, - 29. 2 m / s ( c ) 8. 91 s 59. ( a ) ( b ) 61. 63. 65. ( a ) 6 m / s ( b ) 12 m / s ( c ) ( d ) 10 s 67. ( a ) car a is traveling faster at the checkpoint because it must go pas... | [
"A)1hr",
"B)1hr 10min",
"C)50min",
"D)1hr 30min"
] | B | Speed = 100/1 = 100km/hr
New speed = 100-15= 85 km/hr
Time taken = 100/85 = 1hr 10min
Answer is B |
medmcqa_2292 | medmcqa | <ctx>
instead of a negative one. the negatively charged cell wall of many microorganisms attracts the positively charged chromophore which causes the specimen to absorb the stain giving it the color of the stain being used. positive staining is more commonly used than negative staining in microbiology. the different ty... | [
"Y. Pestis",
"B. pertussis",
"S. Agalactae",
"K. Pneumonae"
] | B | REF: (B) B. pertussisREF: Jawetz Microbiology, 24th Ed Ch. 19BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS:The organisms are minute gram-negative coccobacilli resembling H influenzae. With toluidine blue stain, bipolar metachromatic granules can be demonstrated. A capsule is present. After an incubation period of about 2 weeks, the "catarrhal ... |
arc_easy_424 | arc_easy | <ctx>
scientific literacy or science literacy encompasses written, numerical, and digital literacy as they pertain to understanding science, its methodology, observations, and theories. scientific literacy is chiefly concerned with an understanding of the scientific method, units and methods of measurement, empiricism ... | [
"a list of authoritative sources that supports her conclusion",
"instructions for viewers to repeat her procedures",
"clearly illustrated diagrams of the scientific principles involved",
"a complete write-up of her experimental method and data collected"
] | D | |
openbookqa_1081 | openbookqa | <ctx>
in a way that would be harmful to his or her health. children fear of surgery is common among young children. christine gorman, of kids and surgery, states " surgery is scary enough for adults. but imagine what goes through the mind of a three - year - old when he sees a doctor or nurse all suited up and wearing ... | [
"strep",
"common cold",
"measles",
"diarrhea"
] | C | |
medmcqa_4737 | medmcqa | <ctx>
personal or family history of bipolar disorder. a significant number of ppp cases, however, occur in individuals with no prior history of psychosis. ( for this reason, first - time pregnancy is itself sometimes considered to be a risk factor for ppp. ) a review of pregnancy - related complications demonstrated so... | [
"200 ng/mL",
"150 ng/mL",
"50 ng/mL",
"100 ng/mL"
] | A | Elevations in prolactin may cause amenorrhea or galactorrhea. Amenorrhea without galactorrhea is associated with hyperprolactinemia in approximately 15% of women. In patients with both galactorrhea and amenorrhea, approximately two-thirds will have hyperprolactinemia; of those, approximately one-third will have a pitui... |
mmlu_aux_2986 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
within - colony tasks as they become older, such as receiving nectar and pollen from foragers, and guarding the hive. later still, a worker takes her first orientation flights and finally leaves the hive and typically spends the remainder of her life as a forager. worker bees cooperate to find food and use a patt... | [
"People get honey from flowers directly.",
"People draw honey from bees' bodies.",
"People produce honey in a secret place.",
"People get honey from bees indirectly."
] | D | null |
mmlu_aux_2325 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##an attempted to circumvent this problem by using a catalyst containing the cheaper and more abundant elements cobalt and phosphate. the catalyst was able to split water into oxygen and protons using sunlight, and could potentially be coupled to a hydrogen gas producing catalyst such as platinum. furthermore, wh... | [
"It has a wonderful fuel cell.",
"It is small in size.",
"It is low in cost.",
"It is convenient for people to use."
] | A | null |
openbookqa_3245 | openbookqa | <ctx>
space and time are understood as independent dimensions that are absolute and can be measured and analyzed separately from each other. in modern physics, space and time are seen as interdependent dimensions that form a unified continuum whose curvature is affected by the presence of mass and energy. by structural... | [
"wind is renewable; metal is nonrenewable",
"wind is recyclable, metal is other",
"wind is happy, metal is other",
"wind is nonrenewable; metal is renewable"
] | A | |
medmcqa_6807 | medmcqa | <ctx>
a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking. sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used. there is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. treatment involves the same measures as prevention... | [
"Statins",
"Bta Blockers",
"ACE inhibitors/ACE Receptor Blockers",
"Steroids"
] | C | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers should be discontinued 12 to 24 hours before surgery if taken only for hypertension, as they may produce hypotension, which is not responsive to conventional vasopressors.
Statins, Beta Blockers and Steroids should not be stopped abruptly before... |
medmcqa_8863 | medmcqa | <ctx>
circuit are balanced with sufficient physiologic blood flow through the heart to prevent stasis and subsequent formation of blood clot. maintenance once the initial respiratory and hemodynamic goals have been achieved, the blood flow is maintained at that rate. frequent assessment and adjustments are facilitated ... | [
"Empyema",
"Tension pneumothorax",
"ARDS",
"Pleural effusion"
] | B | Above clinical scenario suggestive of the diagnosis of Tension Pneumothorax In Tension pneumothorax, continuing leak causes increasing positive pressure in the pleural space, leading to compression of the lung, shift of mediastinal structures toward the contralateral side like kinking of Superior vena cava which cause ... |
medmcqa_3395 | medmcqa | <ctx>
a monoclonal antibody ( mab, more rarely called moab ) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. all subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell. monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, binding only to the same epitope ( the pa... | [
"CD 20",
"CD 22",
"CD 34",
"CD 55"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CD 20 * Rituximab is a targeted antibody against cell surface molecule CD-20, i.e. Rituximab is anti CD-20 antibody.* It is used in:i) B-cell lymphomas Low grade lymphomas, mantle cell lymphomas, relapsed aggressive B cell lymphomas, CLLii) SLEiii) Rheumatoid arthritis |
medmcqa_2519 | medmcqa | <ctx>
seen here would be a sign rather than a symptom, as signs refer to the visible presence of the pathogen, whereas symptoms refer to the effects of the pathogen ( the chlorosis previously mentioned would thus be considered a symptom. ) not all leaves or leaflets of the plant will have the specks. several weeks afte... | [
"Burn cases",
"Wounds contaminated with faecal matter",
"Open fractures",
"Gunshot wounds"
] | B | B i.e. Wounds contaminated with faecal matter * Wounds containated with fecal matter & soil are most prone for tetanus developmentQ* Tetanus may develop in chronic conditions, such as skin ulcers, abscesses, and gangrene, burn, frost bite, middle ear infections. It is also associated with surgery, aboion, child bih, bo... |
openbookqa_1090 | openbookqa | <ctx>
pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind. pollinating agents can be animals such as insects, birds, and bats ; water ; wind ; and even plants themselves, when self - pollin... | [
"Dogs",
"Leaves",
"Cape elephant sengis",
"Water"
] | C | |
mmlu_aux_2795 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
, was an estate lawyer in san francisco. research beetles his initial research involved the behavior and ecology of tenebrionid beetles and their response to vertebrate predators. prairie dogs in the mid - 1980s he switched his research efforts to studying the social behavior and communication of prairie dogs. he... | [
"Because it can't be heard by human ears.",
"Because it can only be heard by female elephants.",
"Because people don't know its meanings.",
"Because people haven't studied it completely."
] | A | null |
mmlu_aux_1987 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##des aegypti mosquito. bmc genomics 17 : 32. degennaro, m. ( 2015 ) the mysterious multi - modal repellency of deet. fly. 9 : 1, 45 – 51. degennaro, m., mcbride, c., seeholzer, l., nakagawa, t., dennis, e. j., goldman, c., jasinskiene, n., james, a. a., & vosshall, l. b. ( 2013 ) orco mutant mosquitoes lose stro... | [
"They are not bloodsuckers.",
"They are afraid of stockings.",
"They have a poor sense of smell.",
"They are protective of their hosts."
] | A | null |
qasc_2827 | qasc | <ctx>
18. 9 • occurrence, preparation, and compounds of oxygen 899 oxyhydrogen and oxyacetylene torches. liquid oxygen is important to the space industry. it is an oxidizing agent in rocket engines. it is also the source of gaseous oxygen for life support in space. as we know, oxygen is very important to life. the ener... | [
"Cooking",
"energy",
"combustion",
"survival"
] | C | |
openbookqa_1505 | openbookqa | <ctx>
it reduces the amount of energy that is required to be produced by the utility to do the same amount of work. additionally, it allows for more efficient transmission line designs using smaller conductors or fewer bundled conductors and optimizing the design of transmission towers. capacitive vs. inductive loads s... | [
"a metal fork",
"a pencil eraser",
"a paper clip",
"aluminum foil"
] | B | |
medmcqa_1031 | medmcqa | <ctx>
networks, as women also tend to have higher activity in the prefrontal and limbic regions, such as the anterior cingulate, bilateral amygdala, and right hippocampus, while men tend to have a distributed network spread out among the cerebellum, portions of the superior parietal lobe, the left insula, and bilateral... | [
"Estrone",
"Estriol",
"Estradiol",
"None"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e.. Estradiol f Ref: Principles of medical physiology p. 216]o Estradial, estrone and estrial, all three are found in blood, but estradiol is the most potent estrogen.o Major estrogen in normal adult women - Estradiolo Major estrogen in postmenoapusal women - Estroneo Major estrogen in pregnant women - Es... |
aquarat_38001 | aquarat | <ctx>
of marbles with both colors on them ( that is, the number of marbles that have been drawn twice ) has the hypergeometric distribution. the symmetry in and stems from the fact that the two rounds are independent, and one could have started by drawing balls and colouring them red first. note that we are interested ... | [
"A)15/56",
"B)41/56",
"C)13/28",
"D)15/28"
] | D | The required probability X= probability of choosing 6 balls out of the total 8 in such a way that we remove 4 out of 5 white and 2 out of 3 blue balls.
Ways to select 6 out of total 8 = 8C6
Ways to select 4 out of 5 white balls = 5C4
Ways to select 2 out of 3 blue balls = 3C2
Thus the required probability = (5C4*3C2)/8... |
arc_easy_479 | arc_easy | <ctx>
passages of an object at its periapsis ( in the case of the planets in the solar system, called the perihelion ), the point of its closest approach to the attracting body. it differs from the sidereal period because the object's semi - major axis typically advances slowly. also, the tropical period of earth ( a t... | [
"Earth to rotate once on its axis",
"the Moon to revolve once around Earth",
"the Sun to revolve once around Earth",
"Earth to revolve once around the Sun"
] | D | |
aquarat_24578 | aquarat | <ctx>
) + 1 ^ 4 - 6 0000 5 5536 = 4000× ( 1 ^ 3 ) ×6 + 600× ( 1 ^ 2 ) × ( 6 ^ 2 ) + 40×1× ( 6 ^ 3 ) + 6 ^ 4 - - - - - - 4464 0000 3338 7536 = 4000× ( 16 ^ 3 ) ×2 + 600× ( 16 ^ 2 ) × ( 2 ^ 2 ) + 40×16× ( 2 ^ 3 ) + 2 ^ 4 - - - - - - - - - 1125 2464 0000 1026 0494 3376 = 4000× ( 162 ^ 3 ) ×6 + 600× ( 162 ^ 2 ) × ( 6 ^ 2 )... | [
"A)300 and 600",
"B)200 and 400",
"C)600 and 800",
"D)100 and 300"
] | C | 530493 is greater than 49,0000 (700^2) and smaller than 64,0000 (800^2)
700 < √530493 < 800. Only option satisfying this condition is 600 < √530493 < 800.
Answer:C |
medmcqa_2869 | medmcqa | <ctx>
to alcoholics for insomnia or anxiety management. initiating prescriptions of benzodiazepines or sedative - hypnotics in individuals in recovery has a high rate of relapse with one author reporting more than a quarter of people relapsed after being prescribed sedative - hypnotics. those who are long - term users ... | [
"dapoxetine",
"duloxetine",
"clomipramine",
"phenelezine"
] | D | MAOI * IMPOANCE First class of antidepressant drugs that were introduced * MECHANISM There are three monoamines namely dopamine, adrenaline and serotonin. These mon amines are degraded by monoamine oxidase. MAOI inhibit this enzyme and acts increasing monoamines * DRUGS Phenelezine Tranylcipromine * USE ATYPICAL DEPRES... |
aquarat_10480 | aquarat | <ctx>
13 others disposed of in the same period. the hostels involved were not necessarily poor performers but ones where the amount of investment required to bring them up to a desired standard was excessive ( e. g. steps bridge ) or in some cases because the site value was very high ( e. g. stainforth ). when the news... | [
"A)25%",
"B)30%",
"C)50%",
"D)55%"
] | B | Let x be the number of non-smoking rooms.
Let N be the total number of rooms at the inn.
40% of non-smoking rooms have a king-sized bed.
0.4x = 0.28N
x = 0.7N
The percentage of rooms which permit smoking is 1 - 0.7 = 30%
The answer is B. |
medmcqa_3720 | medmcqa | <ctx>
– a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump. symptoms include loss of consciousness and abnormal or absent breathing. some individuals may experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or nausea before cardiac arrest. if not treated within minutes, it typically leads to... | [
"Selenium",
"Phosphorus",
"Boron",
"Zinc"
] | A | Ans.: A (Selenium) ' Selenium deficiency causes Keshan disease(endemic cardiomyopathy)"Shinde 7th/594Possible causes of cardiomyopathy include; www.may- odinic.com/heaith/cardiomyopa thy/DS00519/DSECTION# Long-term high blood pressure# Defects in heart valve# Heart tissue damage from a previous heart attack# Chronic ra... |
aquarat_12574 | aquarat | <ctx>
that case, the reasoning in steps 6 and 7 was entirely correct if envelope a happened to contain any of the amounts 2, 4,... 512 : switching envelopes would give an expected ( average ) gain of 25 %. if envelope a happened to contain the amount 1, then the expected gain is actually 100 %. but if it happened to co... | [
"A)55000",
"B)50000",
"C)40000",
"D)30000"
] | B | if(20/100)*
(25/100)*(30/100)*x=750
then x=50000.
ANSWER:B |
openbookqa_2184 | openbookqa | <ctx>
a renewable resource ( also known as a flow resource ) is a natural resource which will replenish to replace the portion depleted by usage and consumption, either through natural reproduction or other recurring processes in a finite amount of time in a human time scale. when the recovery rate of resources is unli... | [
"soil",
"land",
"droplets",
"cheese"
] | C | |
openbookqa_1197 | openbookqa | <ctx>
13. 6 • humidity, evaporation, and boiling 563 figure 13. 30 dew drops like these, on a banana leaf photographed just after sunrise, form when the air temperature drops to or below the dew point. at the dew point, the rate at which water molecules join together is greater than the rate at which they separate, and... | [
"plants",
"air heads",
"empty space",
"animals"
] | C | |
mmlu_aux_2062 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
explored by observations made from the earth's surface — initially with the unaided eye and then with the telescope. before reliable rocket technology, the closest that humans had come to reaching outer space was through balloon flights. in 1935, the american explorer ii crewed balloon flight reached an altitude ... | [
"the only home of man will be the earth for a long time",
"the dream to find another home for man will come true",
"no other planets are to take the place of the earth",
"everything needed is provided by the earth"
] | A | null |
medmcqa_6710 | medmcqa | <ctx>
isotopes might proceed : ( a ) ( b ) ( c ) ( d ) ( e ) 18f ( f ) 129ba ( g ) 237pu 29. write a nuclear reaction for each step in the formation of from which proceeds by a series of decay reactions involving the step - wise emission of α, β, β, α, α, α particles, in that order. 30. write a nuclear reaction for eac... | [
"10 hours",
"2 day",
"6 days",
"10 days"
] | B | Triiodothyronine, also known as T3, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and hea rate. Production of T3 and its prohormone thyroxine (T4) is activated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from ... |
pubmedqa_374 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
vaccine with a second dose of either mrna vaccine. two weeks later, they changed their recommendations to suggest that a second dose of one of the mrna vaccines after a first shot of astrazeneca is " preferred ", due to new evidence that seems to demonstrate an improved immune response on a mixed vaccine schedule... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
mmlu_aux_3827 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
their classes. common items posted on ilearn by dcmst teachers include weekly syllabi, rubrics, quizzes, tests, documents, school news, individual student grades, and links to helpful sites. extra - curricular activities mc2 ( math competition club ) invent club ( no longer active as of 2012 ) open gym / movie ni... | [
"be successful in science careers",
"enjoy solving future problems",
"perform community service",
"study wildlife and soils"
] | A | null |
openbookqa_2405 | openbookqa | <ctx>
17. 7 ultrasound if a tree falls in the forest and no one is there to hear it, does it make a sound? the answer to this old philosophical question depends on how you define sound. if sound only exists when someone is around to perceive it, then there was no sound. however, if we define sound in terms of physics ;... | [
"Someone making their hand vibrate really quickly",
"Someone holding a violin",
"An owl soaring overhead",
"Someone dragging a bow on a string"
] | D | |
qasc_3689 | qasc | <ctx>
j. a., marhaver, k. l., huijbers, c. m., nagelkerken, i., simpson, s. d. 2010. coral larvae move toward reef sounds. plos one 5 ( 5 ), e10660. marhaver, k. l., edwards, r. a., rohwer, f. 2008. viral communities associated with healthy and bleaching corals. environmental microbiology 10 ( 9 ), 2277 – 2286. barott,... | [
"porous",
"Thames",
"warm",
"deep"
] | C | |
aquarat_18538 | aquarat | <ctx>
joshi claims fdi will help the farm sector improve critical infrastructure and integrate farmer - consumer relationship. today, the existing retail has not been able to supply fresh vegetables to the consumers because they have not invested in the backward integration. when the farmers'produce reaches the end con... | [
"A)A)Rs.598",
"B)B)Rs.594",
"C)C)Rs.650",
"D)D)Rs.595"
] | C | Explanation:
Price of 17 kgs of rice at Rs.26/kg = 17x26 = Rs.442
Price of 8 kgs of pulses at Rs.26/kg = 8x26 = Rs.208
Therefore, Total amount = Rs.442+Rs.208 = Rs.650.
Answer: Option C |
mmlu_aux_1985 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
indian women ( which also is where the term tree - huggers originated ). this conflict started because men wanted to cut the trees to use them for industrial purposes while women wanted to keep them since it was their food resource and deforestation was a survival matter for local people. gender - based commitmen... | [
"She has a sense of social responsibility.",
"She failed to protect the redwood tree.",
"She built a new house in the forest.",
"She is a self-centered woman"
] | A | null |
medmcqa_1981 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##nge, l. m., b. v. shah, b. g. barnwell, and j. f. killinger ( 1990 ). sudaan : a comprehensive package for survey data analysis. in g. e. liepins and v. r. r. uppuluri ( eds. ), data quality control. new york : marcell dekker, inc., pp. 209 – 227. shah, b. v. and r. p. moore ( 1977 ). national longitudinal stud... | [
"Number of girl babies born to a women",
"Number of babies born to a women",
"Number of girl babies born to a women and taking into account only alive once",
"None of the above"
] | C | Total Fertility Rate(TFR) : Number of babies born to a woman
Gross Fertility Rate(GFR) : Number of girl babies born to a woman
Net reproduction rate(NRR) : Number of girl babies born to a woman and taking into account only alive once. |
pubmedqa_768 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
lower than in high - income countries ; often less than 20 % compared with around 70 % in the uk. specialized units for treating children with cancer are rare in developing countries, leading to overcrowded wards and the spread of fatal infections. this is tragic as common childhood cancers such as african burkit... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | C | |
aquarat_1719 | aquarat | <ctx>
are 11 points on the circle sharing a color with a ( including a itself ), each of which is involved with 2 pairs. this means there are 21 pairs other than ( a, b ) which include the same color as a, and the same holds true for b. the worst that can happen is that these two sets are disjoint, so we can take d = 4... | [
"A)130",
"B)85",
"C)45",
"D)Cannot be determined"
] | B | Solution
For drawing a circle we need 3 non collinear points.This can be done in:
3C3 + 3C2 × 7C1 + 3C1 × 7C2 = 1 + 21 + 63 = 85. Answer B |
medmcqa_4341 | medmcqa | <ctx>
dizziness headaches cold hands and feet pale skin dark urine jaundice chest pain pain in the back or legs vomiting or diarrhea heart problems such as an irregular heartbeat ( arrhythmia ), a heart murmur, an enlarged heart, or heart failure. these may occur because the heart has to work harder to make sure the bo... | [
"Jaundice which may be intense",
"Hemorrhage",
"Hepatomegaly",
"Massive splenomegaly"
] | D | Clinical features After a relatively brief bacteraemia, invading organisms are distributed throughout the body, mainly in kidneys, liver, meninges and brain. The incubation period averages 1-2 weeks. Four main clinical syndromes can be discerned and clinical features can involve multiple different organ systems . Bacte... |
aquarat_34622 | aquarat | <ctx>
##01 1 - - - - - - - - - 101 01 0 - - - - - - - - 1001 100 0 - - - - - - - - 10001 10001 10001 - - - - - - - 0 bitwise operations though not directly related to the numerical interpretation of binary symbols, sequences of bits may be manipulated using boolean logical operators. when a string of binary symbols is ... | [
"A)10",
"B)12",
"C)15",
"D)11"
] | D | ab = (a - 1)(b - 1)
y10 = (y-1)(10-1) = 90 --> y-1=10 --> y=11
Answer: D |
medmcqa_7445 | medmcqa | <ctx>
antigens is still ongoing, and they have retained the name cw as many serotypes have not been developed. the classification of the " a4 " antigens was complicated. the " a4 " subset evolved to become d - region antigens, which was a large cluster of genes that encoded mhc class ii. several renamings occurred. the... | [
"A",
"B",
"AB",
"O"
] | D | Individuals with type O Rh D negative blood are often called universal donors, as they do not contain antigen A and B on the surface of their RBC and those with type AB Rh D positive blood are called universal recipients ref:harsh mohan text book pathology |
medmcqa_8758 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##xic drug capecitabine would be superior to capecitabine alone in patients with her2 + metastatic breast cancer that had progressed despite trastuzumab treatment. the results of this trial has led to a global ( more than 100 countries ) marketing authorisation of the drug lapatinib produced by glaxosmithkline. i... | [
"Methotrexate",
"Actinomycin-D",
"Vincristine",
"6-thioguanine"
] | A | Methotrexate |
qasc_34 | qasc | <ctx>
but today the world health organization takes a more broad approach, that the principles of palliative care should be applied as early as possible to any chronic and ultimately fatal illness. palpation – is the process of using one's hands to check the body, especially while perceiving / diagnosing a disease or i... | [
"heart",
"pancreas",
"pipe",
"bacteria"
] | B | |
arc_easy_1028 | arc_easy | <ctx>
inside a food can exceed that on its surface. this can also occur if the inner layer has a lower heat capacity than the outer layer causing it to reach a higher temperature, or even if the inner layer is more thermally conductive than the outer layer making it feel hotter despite having a lower temperature. in mo... | [
"The oven's interior reflects heat onto the food.",
"The oven's interior, like a lens, focuses heat onto the food.",
"Water molecules in the food reflect energy from microwave radiation.",
"Water molecules in the food absorb the energy of microwave radiation."
] | D | |
medmcqa_9788 | medmcqa | <ctx>
for prolonged periods is associated with higher mortality from breast cancer. the risk is not negated by regular exercise, though it is lowered. breast feeding reduces the risk of several types of cancers, including breast cancer. in the 1980s, the abortion – breast cancer hypothesis posited that induced abortion... | [
"Letrozole",
"Exemestane",
"Taxol",
"Tamoxifen"
] | C | |
qasc_4006 | qasc | <ctx>
event in formation of a malignant neoplasm. in experimental evaluation of specific dna repair deficiencies in cancers, many specific dna repair deficiencies were also shown to occur in the field defects surrounding those cancers. the table below gives examples for which the dna repair deficiency in a cancer was s... | [
"gene",
"p53",
"tumors",
"HIV"
] | B | |
arc_easy_1922 | arc_easy | <ctx>
the blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. it includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels ( from greek kardia meaning he... | [
"nervous system.",
"digestive system.",
"immune system.",
"excretory system."
] | B | |
mmlu_aux_3612 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
their cloacae in close proximity while facing in opposite directions and then release eggs and sperm simultaneously. the tailed frog ( ascaphus truei ) exhibits internal fertilisation. the " tail " is only possessed by the male and is an extension of the cloaca and used to inseminate the female. this frog lives i... | [
"It has a long tail",
"It jumps on one foot",
"It stars its jump differently",
"It lands differently from other frogs."
] | D | null |
pubmedqa_140 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
, cochin - port - royal medical school, paris v university, france ; institute of medical technology and medical school, university of tampere, finland ; department of pediatric surgery, university hospital riga, latvia and timisoara, romania ; center for reproductive medicine, uz - brussel, vrije universiteit br... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | A | |
arc_challenge_832 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
health of streams can be from many things, but most can be directly or indirectly attributed to human infrastructure and action. urban streams tend to be “ flashier ” meaning they have more frequent and larger high flow events. urban streams also suffer from chemical alterations due to pollutants and waste being ... | [
"type of soil and salinity",
"nitrate levels and turbidity",
"human consumption and pH",
"natural disasters and tidal changes"
] | B | |
qasc_5901 | qasc | <ctx>
in biology, evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms'observable traits. genetic changes include mutations, which are cau... | [
"haploid plants",
"the Moon",
"sexual reproduction",
"asexual reproduction"
] | C | |
aquarat_19156 | aquarat | <ctx>
pays $ 100, or a'bad'job that pays $ 44, with equal probability ( 50 / 50 ). once they accept a job, they will remain in that job for the rest of the ten years. for simplicity, it is assumed that they care only about their monetary earnings, and that they value earnings at different times equally, i. e., the disc... | [
"A)27",
"B)30",
"C)29",
"D)10"
] | B | Let the price of turban be x.
Thus, for one year the salary = (90 + x)
For 9 months he should earn 3434 (90 + x).
Now he gets one turban and Rs. 60.
Thus, 3434 (90 + x) = 60 + x or 270 + 3x = 240 + 4x or x = 30
Answer:B |
qasc_5889 | qasc | <ctx>
few in number, and the embryos have enough food to go through full fetal development in most groups. macrolecithal eggs are only found in selected representatives of two groups : cephalopods and vertebrates. macrolecithal eggs go through a different type of development than other eggs. due to the large size of th... | [
"animals",
"insects",
"amnotic",
"seeds"
] | C |
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