id string | dataset string | question string | options list | answer string | explanation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
medmcqa_8553 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the risk of venous rupture and hemorrhage. cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the brain have a 2 β 4 % chance of rupture each year. however, many arteriovenous malformations go unnoticed and are asymptomatic throughout a person's lifetime. a germinal matrix hemorrhage is bleeding into the brain of premature ... | [
"Henoch Schonlein purpura",
"Kawasaki disease",
"Wegener's granulomatosis",
"Polyarteritis nodosa"
] | B | UPDATE- Most common vasculitis in children Kawasaki Disease. |
mmlu_aux_4515 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
breakthrough award. in 2010, shai agassi was included at number 28 in a list of the 100 top global thinkers published by foreign policy magazine, for his efforts to make electric cars a mass - market success. similar projects a number of companies have announced plans to install charging station networks. in fran... | [
"it's environmentally friendly",
"it makes up for the lack of electricity",
"it's a new idea and attracts people's attention",
"it brings convenience to electric vehicle users"
] | A | null |
arc_easy_1806 | arc_easy | <ctx>
sports science is a discipline that studies how the healthy human body works during exercise, and how sport and physical activity promote health and performance from cellular to whole body perspectives. the study of sports science traditionally incorporates areas of physiology ( exercise physiology ), psychology ... | [
"at the tissue level",
"at the organ level",
"at the system level",
"at the cellular level"
] | C | |
medmcqa_1240 | medmcqa | <ctx>
epstein β barr virus stable intronic - sequence rnas ( ebv - sisrnas ) are a class of non - coding rnas generated by repeat introns in the epstein β barr virus. after ebers 1 and 2, ebv - sisrna - 1 is the third most abundant ebv rna generated during a highly oncogenic form of virus latency ( latency iii ). conse... | [
"Infectious mononucleosis",
"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma",
"Oral hairy leukoplakia",
"Epidermodysplasi"
] | D | EBV causes nadopharyngeal carcinoma,oral hairy luekoplakia&infectious mononucleosis REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.475 |
medmcqa_7842 | medmcqa | <ctx>
skin cells or drug carriers that are used for burn wounds and replacing skin. collagen as haemostat : when collagen interacts with platelets it causes a rapid coagulation of blood. this rapid coagulation produces a temporary framework so the fibrous stroma can be regenerated by host cells. collagen based haemosta... | [
"Direct presure over the wound",
"Catching and crushing the b;,=.eders by haemostats",
"Eversion of galea aponeurotica",
"Coagulation of bleeders"
] | A | |
openbookqa_1762 | openbookqa | <ctx>
restful stage in which you dream and experience muscle movements or twitches. also during this stage in sleep, a person's heart rate and breathing are typically irregular. non - rem sleep, also sometimes referred to as slow - wave sleep, is associated with deep sleep. the body's blood pressure, heart rate, and br... | [
"shoe size",
"physical state",
"tan lines",
"hair color"
] | B | |
medmcqa_3730 | medmcqa | <ctx>
of other exocrine glands ( liver, bile duct, salivary glands ). because of this, a common diagnosis affects these cells : cystic fibrosis. ductal cell physiology while ductal cells are a minor type of cell in the adult pancreas, they have a critical function besides making the network that transfers enzymes from ... | [
"IgA",
"IgE",
"IgM",
"IgG"
] | A | In its secretory form, IgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, sweat, colostrum, and secretions from the genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, and respiratory epithelium. It is also found in small amounts in the blood Ref: Ananthanarayan & Parker's textbook o... |
arc_easy_866 | arc_easy | <ctx>
debris. they believe the vegetation decomposed rapidly into oil or coal due to the heat of the subterranean waters as they were unleashed from the earth during the flood or by the high temperatures created as the remains were compressed by water and sediment. creationists continue to search for evidence in the na... | [
"plant fossils that are similar in size",
"the weathering and erosion of coastlines",
"new crust formed by the sea floor spreading",
"rocks with different physical appearances"
] | C | |
aquarat_40873 | aquarat | <ctx>
the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ... | [
"A)10 : 12 : 15",
"B)12 : 10 : 8",
"C)15 : 12: 10",
"D)10 : 15 : 12"
] | A | Ratio of time taken :
1/6 :1/5 : 1/4 = 10 : 12 : 15
ANSWER:A |
mmlu_aux_4298 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
no right whales. more recently, scientists have increasingly been using a new technology to acoustically detect right whales. as described above, right whales make calls that can be distinguished from the calls of other species so that researchers have concluded they such detections constitute reliable records ba... | [
"it's really easy for seals to find their prey",
"seals can be easily fooled by acoustic tags",
"seals are much cleverer than most of the other sea animals",
"seals can really make use of the acoustic signals to prey"
] | D | null |
qasc_3877 | qasc | <ctx>
only be'aa'( the capital letter is always presented first by convention ). the phenotype of a homozygous dominant pair is'a ', or dominant, while the opposite is true for homozygous recessive. heterozygous pairs always have a dominant phenotype. to a lesser degree, hemizygosity and nullizygosity can also be seen ... | [
"fertile",
"haploid",
"similar",
"albino"
] | D | |
medmcqa_2015 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the probability that an event will occur. in epidemiology, it is most often used to express the probability that a particular outcome will occur following a particular exposure. " different populations are considered " high - risk " or " low - risk " groups for various diseases due to the probability of that part... | [
"Epidemiology",
"Monitoring",
"Surveillance",
"Screening"
] | C | Surveillance has been defined as the continuous scrutiny of all aspects of occurrence and the spread of diseases that are peinent to effective control. Surveillance goes beyond the passive repoing of cases Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 138 |
mmlu_aux_4141 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
the census of marine life was a 10 - year, us $ 650 million scientific initiative, involving a global network of researchers in more than 80 nations, engaged to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the oceans. the world's first comprehensive census of marine life β past, presen... | [
"About 2,000 scientists from America are involved in the project.",
"The census of sea life will last for ten years.",
"230,000 new marine animals have been found.",
"The sea floor is at a depth of 400 meters."
] | B | null |
qasc_3515 | qasc | <ctx>
of larger molecules and charged particles such as ions. cell membranes also contains membrane proteins, including integral membrane proteins that go across the membrane serving as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the outer side of the cell membrane, acting as enzymes shaping t... | [
"cytoplasm",
"Most plants",
"bacteria",
"alveoli"
] | A | |
aquarat_6641 | aquarat | <ctx>
. 11 ( plus the $ 100 initial wager ). see the article odds for conversion equations. references bayesian statistics
a profitable trading system. if he set his average win at around $ 400 per trade ( this can be done using proper exit strategy ) and managing / limiting the losses to around $ 100 per trade ; the ... | [
"A)11",
"B)27",
"C)99",
"D)77"
] | B | 900 ---- 240
100 ---- ? => 27%
Answer: B |
medmcqa_8129 | medmcqa | <ctx>
ubiquinone. the concentrations of dolichyl phosphate are also increased, while cholesterol remains unchanged. the increase in the sugar carrier dolichyl phosphate may reflect an increased rate of glycosylation in the diseased brain and the increase in the endogenous anti - oxidant ubiquinone an attempt to protect... | [
"Myeloperoxidase",
"MAO",
"Superoxide dismutase",
"Hydroxylase"
] | C | |
medmcqa_7561 | medmcqa | <ctx>
oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide. the left atrium receives newly oxygenated blood from the lungs as well as the pulmonary vein which is passed into the strong left ventricle to be pumped through the aorta to the different organs of the body. pulmonary circulation the pulmonary circulation is the part of ... | [
"Internal jugular vein",
"Pterygoid plexus",
"Frontal vein",
"Facial vein"
] | D | The superior and inferior ophthalmic veins drain into the facial vein and cavernous sinus. |
aquarat_48532 | aquarat | <ctx>
t and if we lose at step t. in game a, we toss a biased coin, coin 1, with probability of winning, where is some small positive constant. this is clearly a losing game in the long run. in game b, we first determine if our capital is a multiple of some integer. if it is, we toss a biased coin, coin 2, with probabi... | [
"A)1/16n",
"B)(n-1)/8n",
"C)1/2n",
"D)(n+2)/2n"
] | B | 1/2 * 1/4 * (1-1/n)
= 1/8 * (n-1)/n
= (n-1)/8n
Answer - B |
medmcqa_1077 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##simus myocutaneous flap employs skin fat and muscle harvested from the back, and a breast implant. the diep flap ( deep inferior epigastric perforators ) procedure uses an autologous flap of abdominal skin and fat tissue. post - mastectomy fat - graft reconstruction the reconstruction of the breast ( s ) with g... | [
"Pectoralis major",
"Skin of the breast",
"Pectoralis minor",
"Ductular system of the breast"
] | A | Ans. (a) Pectoralis major(Ref. Bailey and Love 26th edition Page 813)Structures removed in Patey's mastectomy:* Breast, nipple, areola including the skin overlying the tumor* Level 1,2,3 Lymphnodes* Fascia over Pectoralis major* Pectoralis minor muscle |
medmcqa_1286 | medmcqa | <ctx>
tool ( frax ) estimates the probability of hip fracture and the probability of a major osteoporotic fracture ( mof ), which could occur in a bone other than the hip. in addition to bone density ( t - score ), calculation of the frax score involves age, body characteristics, health behaviors, and other medical his... | [
"Chlorothiazide",
"Beta blockers",
"ACE inhibitors",
"Amlodipine"
] | C | CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS Adrenal insufficiency, anuria, diabetes mellitus, hyperkalemia, renal disease, renal failure, renal impairment. ... Acid/base imbalance, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis. ... Ascites, biliary cirrhosis, hepatic disease. ... Menstrual irregularity. |
aquarat_14479 | aquarat | <ctx>
for a candidate can never help that candidate win, but can cause that candidate to lose to a less preferred candidate. either way, the voter can risk getting a less preferred election winner. a voter can balance the risk - benefit trade - offs by considering the voter's cardinal utilities, particularly via the vo... | [
"A)2%",
"B)4%",
"C)8%",
"D)10%"
] | B | Since we were expected to find a percentage figure - It thought that it might be easier to pick a 'smart number' to represent the total number of voters (republicans and democrats). Therefore, I picked 100 (as the total number of voters) and thus 60:40 represents the number ratio of Republicans:Democrats. If 70% of Rep... |
arc_challenge_586 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. in addition, they are influential in the global carbon and water cycles and plant roots bind and stabilise soils, preventing soil erosion. plants are crucial to the future of human society as they provide food, o... | [
"type of vascular tissue",
"use of photosynthesis",
"presence of cell walls",
"production of oxygen"
] | A | |
arc_challenge_494 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
32. 0 2595 5069 1211 uranium 1133 84 20 3900 1900 454 tungsten 3410 184 44 5900 4810 1150 table 14. 2 heats of fusion and vaporization 6 phase changes can have a tremendous stabilizing effect even on temperatures that are not near the melting and boiling points, because evaporation and condensation ( conversion o... | [
"liquid to gas",
"gas to solid",
"liquid to solid",
"gas to liquid"
] | B | |
medmcqa_4870 | medmcqa | <ctx>
instead of a negative one. the negatively charged cell wall of many microorganisms attracts the positively charged chromophore which causes the specimen to absorb the stain giving it the color of the stain being used. positive staining is more commonly used than negative staining in microbiology. the different ty... | [
"Occurs in dependent pas",
"Edges are clearly Defined",
"Absent in areas of body under pressure",
"Extravasation of blood into surrounding tissues occur"
] | D | Extravasation of blood into surroundings tissues is not possible in postpaum staining. Ref synopsis of forensic medicine laxminarayana 4e |
aquarat_10725 | aquarat | <ctx>
price and purchased for price, is the number of units stocked, and is the expectation operator. the solution to the optimal stocking quantity of the newsvendor which maximizes expected profit is : where denotes the generalized inverse cumulative distribution function of. intuitively, this ratio, referred to as th... | [
"A)Rs.500/-",
"B)Rs.600/-",
"C)Rs.400/-",
"D)Rs.700/-"
] | C | Loss = 500*20/100 = 100
S.P = C.P - Loss
= 500- 100
=Rs.400/-
Answer :C |
medmcqa_6551 | medmcqa | <ctx>
in areas where the virus is endemic, vaccines are limited, especially in rural areas where medical clinics are sparse. although hbv can be infectious on surfaces for up to seven days, it is not spread through breastfeeding, sharing eating utensils, hugging, kissing, holding hands, coughing, or sneezing. unlike ot... | [
"Fever",
"Ahritis",
"Rash",
"Neutrophilia"
] | D | FARE : fever , ahritis , rash and eosinophilia indicates medication induced liver disease Ref : Schiff's diseases of liver , Edition -11 , Page - 5. |
aquarat_26650 | aquarat | <ctx>
"! style = " text - align : center ; " | count!! style = " text - align : center ; " | % | - | style = " text - align : left ; " | ridwan kamil | | 7, 226, 254 | | 32. 88 | - | style = " text - align : left ; " | tubagus hasanuddin | | 2, 773, 078 | | 12. 62 | - | style = " text - align : left ; " | sudrajat | | ... | [
"A)30000",
"B)50000",
"C)33000",
"D)40000"
] | B | Explanation :
Solution: Let the number of voters be x. then, votes polled = 90% of x.
Valid votes = 90% of(90% of x)
.'. 54% of[90% of(90% of x)] - 46% of[90% of(90% of x)] = 3240.
8% of[90% of(90% of x)] = 3240.
8/100 * 90/100 * 90/100 * x = 3240
x = (3240*100*100*100)/(8*90*90) = 50000
Answer : B |
aquarat_31018 | aquarat | <ctx>
1. 50 km, and the distance traveled was 1. 50 km. discussion distance is a scalar. it has magnitude but no sign to indicate direction. example 2. 4 calculating acceleration : a subway train speeding up suppose the train in figure 2. 18 ( a ) accelerates from rest to 30. 0 km / h in the first 20. 0 s of its motion... | [
"A)150",
"B)188",
"C)250",
"D)288"
] | C | Speed = 50*(5/18) m/sec = 125/9 m/sec
Length of Train (Distance) = Speed * Time
(125/9) * 18 = 250 meter
Answer: C |
aquarat_47632 | aquarat | <ctx>
in mathematics, the equilateral dimension of a metric space is the maximum size of any subset of the space whose points are all at equal distances to each other. equilateral dimension has also been called " metric dimension ", but the term " metric dimension " also has many other inequivalent usages. the equilate... | [
"A)64β5",
"B)64β9",
"C)64β4",
"D)36β3"
] | D | Area of an equilateral triangle = β3/4 S2
If S = 12, Area of triangle = β3/4 * 12 * 12 = 36β3 cm2;
Answer: D |
qasc_4850 | qasc | <ctx>
. most protists are single - celled and microscopic. but there are exceptions. some single - celled marine protists are macroscopic. some marine slime molds have unique life cycles that involve switching between unicellular, colonial, and multicellular forms. other marine protist are neither single - celled nor m... | [
"Plants growth",
"slime molds",
"warm-blooded",
"peachleaf willow"
] | B | |
medmcqa_7247 | medmcqa | <ctx>
., angelini, n. l. and belsham, d. d. ( 1999 ). " estrogen directly represses gonadotropin - releasing hormone ( gnrh ) gene expression in estrogen receptor - Ξ± ( erΞ± ) - and erΞ² - expressing gt1 β 7 gnrh neurons. " endocrinology. 140 ( 11 ), 5045 β 5053. roy, d., angelini, n. l., fujieda, h. brown, g. m. and bel... | [
"Causes cholestasis",
"Used in treatment of gynacomastia",
"Used in H",
"Increased risk of breast cancer"
] | B | They promote the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development. So it is not used in treatment of gynaecomastia. Estrogen and other hormones are given to postmenopausal women as a pa of hormone replacement therapy (H) in order to prevent osteoporosis as well as treat the symptoms of... |
aquarat_43648 | aquarat | <ctx>
weeks. every week belongs to a single year, i. e. there are no ambiguous or double - assigned weeks. the date directly tells the weekday. all week - numbering years start with a monday and end with a sunday. when used by itself without using the concept of month, all week - numbering years are the same except tha... | [
"A)2005",
"B)2007",
"C)2011",
"D)2006"
] | B | SOLUTION :
The total number of odd days from 2001 onwards should be zero.
Now, as an ordinary year adds 1 odd day and a leap year adds 2 odd days, we have:
2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006 β 1 odd day each
2004 β 2 odd days
Hence, at the end of 2006 total number of odd days = 7 or 0
Therefore, the calendar for the year 200... |
aquarat_16547 | aquarat | <ctx>
are n items to be searched in a display, n / 2 saccades tend to be needed to locate a particular item. given three saccades per second, n / ( 2 * 3 ) = n / 6 seconds is an estimate of search time to find one item among n. the estimate is improved by adding reaction time, perhaps a second ; expected search time eq... | [
"A)n/2",
"B)(n-1)/2",
"C)(n+1)/2",
"D)log(n)+1"
] | C | To understand this think as there is an array and now you are searching for an element which is a[0] element in that arrary...so for this you need to do 1 comparison.
Now similarly for sequential searching suppose your are looking for an element which is present at 2nd position i.e a[1] position of that array then you ... |
medmcqa_4642 | medmcqa | <ctx>
been present for a long time. eczema often starts on the cheeks and outer limbs and body in infants and frequently settles in the folds of the skin such as behind the knees, folds of the elbows, around the neck, wrists and under the buttock folds as the child grows. any part of the body can be affected by ad. ad ... | [
"Upper medial",
"Upper lateral",
"Lower medial",
"Lower lateral"
] | C | (Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 384)*Basal cell carcinoma is the commonest malignant tumor to the lids (90%) usually seen in elderly people *It is locally malignant and involves most commonly lower lid (50%) followed by medial canthus (25%), upper lid (10-15%) and outer canthus"Basal... |
aquarat_48371 | aquarat | <ctx>
- based pay is a common pay structure for owner - operators signed on to haul freight for specific companies. in this type of pay structure, owner - operators are paid a percentage of the gross load revenue. this percentage varies depending on the services provided by the company. for example, an owner - operator... | [
"A)76",
"B)60",
"C)65",
"D)48"
] | C | For 40 hrs = 40*16=640
Excess = 1340-640=700
For extra hours =.75(16)=12+16=28
Number of extra hrs =700/28=25
Total hrs =40+25=65
Answer C 65 |
aquarat_25325 | aquarat | <ctx>
##0 = d. then Ξ³ an integer and Ξ³ = 1 Ξ³ β€ 0 the value of is. to begin with, we shall simplify matters by concentrating a particular value of and generalise the result at a later stage. we shall use the value. the indicial equation has a root at, and we see from the recurrence relation that when that that denominat... | [
"A)2",
"B)1",
"C)0.5",
"D)-1/3"
] | C | arithmetic mean L your answer C and E are same, can you correct one of them please. thanks.C |
medmcqa_8584 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##1 needs to be present ( h / h or h / h ) for the h antigen to be produced on red blood cells. if both copies of fut1 are inactive ( h / h ), the bombay phenotype results. the classical bombay phenotype is caused by a tyr316ter mutation in the coding region of fut1. the mutation introduces a stop codon, leading ... | [
"Protein C deficiency",
"Protein S deficiency",
"Antithrombin III deficiency",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is 'a'i.e Protein C deficiency; 'b' i.e., Protein S deficiency; 'c' i.e., Antithrombin III deficiency |
medmcqa_1258 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the human in the theory, and particularly to human emotion. a separate approach stems in part from needs theories of psychology which in part started with abraham maslow ( 1968 ). representative of these are the human - scale development approach developed by manfred max - neef in the mid - to - late 1980s which ... | [
"Human povey index",
"Human development index",
"Physical quality of life index",
"Development deprivation index"
] | A | The Human Povey Index (HPI) was considered to better reflect the extent of deprivation to the HDI. In 2010 it was supplanted by the UN&;s Multidimensional Povey Index. |
aquarat_18457 | aquarat | <ctx>
) length : 264 km specifications double track main line designed for mixed - use traffic equipped with β state of the art β in - cab european signaling system ( etcs level 2 ) standard gauge 32. 5 tonne maximum axle load built to accommodates double stack containers, e. g. in future from jebel ali etihad rail db ... | [
"A)37.5 km/h",
"B)40.5 km/h",
"C)43.5 km/h",
"D)46.5 km/h"
] | B | speed = distance / time = (100 + 350)/40 = 450/40 (m/s) * 3600/1000 = 40.5 km/h
The answer is B. |
qasc_3982 | qasc | <ctx>
is scattered. scattering makes the light diffuse, i. e. the rays go in many different directions. while conventional photovoltaics works well with diffuse light, concentrated solar power and concentrated photovoltaics relies only on the ( collimated ) light coming directly from the sun. for this reason, concentra... | [
"at elevation",
"the skin",
"on covered places",
"at sea level"
] | A | |
aquarat_3204 | aquarat | <ctx>
the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ... | [
"A)60 Kmph",
"B)61 Kmph",
"C)62 Kmph",
"D)64 Kmph"
] | A | Time = 6
Distence = 540
3/2 of 6 hours = 6 * 3/2 = 9 Hours
Required speed = 540/9 = 60 Kmph
A) |
aquarat_44727 | aquarat | <ctx>
the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ... | [
"A)10.77 a.m",
"B)10.85 a.m",
"C)10.27 a.m",
"D)10.25 a.m"
] | D | Distance covered in 2 hrs 15 min i.e., 2 1/4 hrs = 80 * 9/4 = 180 hrs.
Time taken to cover remaining distance = (350 - 180)/60 = 17/6 hrs
= 2 5/6 = 2 hrs 50 min
Total time taken = (2 hrs 15 min + 2 hrs 50 min) = 5 hrs 5 min.
So, Anna reached city A at 10.25 a.m.
Answer:D |
medmcqa_7578 | medmcqa | <ctx>
activating a proper working stroke on the teeth. first, a modified pen grasp position must be achieved before starting periodontal instrumentation ; this position involves the thumb and the index finger placed on the instrument handle, the middle finger resting on the shank, and the little finger neutral and rela... | [
"Maxillary first molar",
"Maxillary central incisor",
"Mandibular first molar",
"Mandibular second premolar"
] | B | |
aquarat_14583 | aquarat | <ctx>
)? 11. a student drove to the university from their home and noted that the odometer reading of their car increased by 12. 0 km. the trip took 18. 0 min. ( a ) what was their average speed? ( b ) if the straight - line distance from their home to the university is
the answer should also have three significant fi... | [
"A)140.",
"B)200.",
"C)240.",
"D)300."
] | C | distance=speed*time
d1=s1t1
d2=s2t2
The distance from point A to point B is the same for each trip so,
d1=d2 and
t2=t1-1
thus,
s1t1=s2(t1-1)
60t1=80(t1-1)
t1=4
60*4= 240
Answer: C |
qasc_7865 | qasc | <ctx>
also occurs in the intraradical mycelium. lipids are then stored or exported to extraradical hyphae where they may be stored or metabolized. the breakdown of lipids into hexoses, known as gluconeogenesis, occurs in the extraradical mycelium. approximately 25 % of the carbon translocated from the plant to the fung... | [
"sunlight",
"glucose",
"heat",
"Nutrients"
] | A | |
medmcqa_6277 | medmcqa | <ctx>
dentinogenesis is the formation of dentin, a substance that forms the majority of teeth. dentinogenesis is performed by odontoblasts, which are a special type of biological cell on the outer wall of dental pulps, and it begins at the late bell stage of a tooth development. the different stages of dentin formation... | [
"Odontoma",
"Ameloblastoma",
"Ameloblastic fibroma",
"Odontogenic myxoma"
] | D | Odontogenic myxomas are connective tissue neoplasms that contain little collagen. This gives them an embryonic look microscopically |
medmcqa_1794 | medmcqa | <ctx>
fondation recherche medicale, human frontier science program, institut national du cancer, la ligue nationale contre le cancer, as well as ciml's industrial partners. education and training the ciml's master's and phd program is integrated into the educational framework of aix - marseille university. participatio... | [
"Parvovirus D19",
"Mycoplasma",
"HTLV2",
"Salmonella"
] | C | Hairy cell leukaemia is seen in patients susceptibility to infections with mycobacterium avium intracellulare. Nontuberculous mycobacteria, also known as environmental mycobacteria, atypical mycobacteria and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis, are mycobacteria which do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy. NTM do cause ... |
aquarat_18904 | aquarat | <ctx>
, 7, 3, 1, 1 ] there are 32 winning coalitions, and 48 swing votes : ab ac bc abc abd abe abf acd ace acf bcd bce bcf abcd abce abcf abde abdf abef acde acdf acef bcde bcdf bcef abcde abcdf abcef abdef acdef bcdef abcdef the banzhaf index gives these values : hempstead # 1 = 16 / 48 hempstead # 2 = 16 / 48 north ... | [
"A)776",
"B)1344",
"C)299",
"D)257"
] | B | W = 56% L = 44%
56% - 44% = 12%
12% -------- 288
56% -------- ? => 1344
Answer:B |
mmlu_aux_5169 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
nasa's 2003 mars exploration rover mission has amassed an enormous amount of scientific information related to the martian geology and atmosphere, as well as providing some astronomical observations from mars. this article covers information gathered by the opportunity rover during the initial phase of its missio... | [
"they can surely find life on Mars",
"there may be life on Mars",
"it's too late for them to explore Mars now",
"Mars is the only planet that has life on it"
] | B | null |
medmcqa_5939 | medmcqa | <ctx>
of coronary ischemia is chest pain or pressure, known as angina pectoris. angina may present typically with classic symptoms or atypically with symptoms less often associated with heart disease. atypical presentations are more common women, diabetics, and elderly individuals. typical angina is typically located b... | [
"Pancoast tumor",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Subclan aery aneurysm",
"Mesothelioma"
] | A | CXR shows a mass in the right lung apex and there is associated destruction of the right 2nd and 3rd ribs posteriorly. A combination of an apical mass along with the destruction of the rib is characteristic of Pancoast tumor/ Superior Sulcus Tumor. MRI is a more sensitive investigation in identifying the extension of t... |
medmcqa_8063 | medmcqa | <ctx>
spreading chinese medicine culture in ukraine award " for making outstanding contributions to the development of sino - ukrainian cooperation in the field of chinese medicine. textbooks clinical and laboratory immunology. national textbook / under the general editorship of professor l. v. kuznetsova, phd in medic... | [
"Vernal conjunctivitis",
"Phlyctenular conjunctivitis",
"Trachoma",
"Viral conjunctivitis"
] | A | Vernal conjunctivitis |
arc_easy_30 | arc_easy | <ctx>
discriminating physical characteristics consist of particle size where it is characterized as particle size frequency distributions. this consists of the materials weight, weight %, number of particles present, or the volume. depending on the sample, different methods can be used such as examination use a microsc... | [
"hardness",
"shape",
"size",
"temperature"
] | A | |
medmcqa_7333 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##lvian syndrome 33. 3 symmetric fetal growth restriction 40 % asymmetric fetal growth restriction 40 % nonimmune hydrops fetalis 15 % atresia ani 18. 2 % microcephalus 15. 4 % omphalocele 12. 5 % prematurity 40 % placental and amniotic fluid entities : amniotic sheet perpendicular to the placenta 50 % cornual β ... | [
"Wait & Watch",
"External cephalic version",
"Elective C. S.",
"Vaginal breech delivery"
] | A | Wait & Watch |
qasc_6389 | qasc | <ctx>
magma oceans exist during periods of earth's or any planet's or some natural satellite's accretion when the planet or the natural satellite is completely or partly molten. in the early solar system, magma oceans were formed by the melting of planetesimals and planetary impacts. small planetesimals are melted by t... | [
"sandstone",
"basalt",
"Mountains",
"trees"
] | B | |
medmcqa_5800 | medmcqa | <ctx>
and the most common symptom reported by women of all races is shortness of breath. other symptoms more commonly reported by women than men are extreme fatigue, sleep disturbances, indigestion, and anxiety. however, some women do experience irregular heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, and nausea. burning, pain, or pr... | [
"Secondary glaucoma",
"Cataract surgery",
"Retinitis pigmentosa",
"Uveitis"
] | B | Macular edema refers to the collection of fluid in the outer plexiform(Henle's layer) and an inner nuclear layer of the retina, centered around the foveola.EtiologyIt is associated with a number of disorders. A few common causes are as follows:1. As postoperative complication following cataract extraction and penetrati... |
openbookqa_1659 | openbookqa | <ctx>
produces a sound that could be considered softer and warmer than the bright sound of a mallet - based traditional steelpan. the top ( ding ) side of the hang, depending on how it is played, can sound like a harp, bells, or harmonically tuned steelpans. the notes are laid out in a cross pattern in the tone circle ... | [
"a waterfall",
"air",
"an solid object",
"a log"
] | C | |
openbookqa_2820 | openbookqa | <ctx>
e. g. respiratory diseases, cancer ) increases in radiative forcing and global warming decreased agricultural productivity due to ozone deposition ecosystem acidification and eutrophication. technology impacts the applications of technology often result in unavoidable and unexpected environmental impacts, which a... | [
"using bug killer on crops",
"avoiding spilling oil into oceans",
"placing plastics in special containers",
"making laws against littering"
] | A | |
aquarat_31714 | aquarat | <ctx>
##ruent to n ( mod 4 ). when n β‘ 1 ( mod 4 ), the optimal form of barba satisfies this stronger property, but when n β‘ 3 ( mod 4 ), it does not. this means that the bound can be sharpened in the latter case. ehlich showed that when n β‘ 3 ( mod 4 ), the strengthened property 1 implies that the maximal - determinan... | [
"A)25 m",
"B)11 m",
"C)77 m",
"D)86 m"
] | A | 1 m2 ---- 1/2
? ----- 600 => 1200 m2
4x * 3x = 1200 => x = 10
Answer:A |
openbookqa_1415 | openbookqa | <ctx>
crashes each day in the united states. psychological following collisions, long - lasting psychological trauma may occur. these issues may make those who have been in a crash afraid to drive again. in some cases, psychological trauma may affect individuals'lives, causing difficulty going to work, attending school... | [
"light rain",
"low speed",
"distant thunder",
"heavy fog"
] | D | |
qasc_152 | qasc | <ctx>
the blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. it includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels ( from greek kardia meaning he... | [
"Birds",
"alpacas",
"elms",
"Clams"
] | D | |
medmcqa_1208 | medmcqa | <ctx>
. it is important to note that rsi is different to scaling and root planing : rsi only removes the calculus, while scaling and root planing removes the calculus as well as underlying softened dentine, which leaves behind a smooth and glassy surface, which is not a requisite for periodontal healing. therefore, rsi... | [
"laser photocoagulation",
"slow reduction in oxygen",
"retinal reattachment",
"antioxidants"
] | A | Ans is 'a' i.e. Laser Photocoagulation Threshold disease in ROP is defined as stage 3+ ROP in Zones 1 or 2 occupying at least five contiguous clock-hours or eight noncontiguous clock-hours of retina.Treatment of threshold disease is Laser Photocoagulation.'Laser therapy has largely replaced cryotherapy because visual a... |
aquarat_47466 | aquarat | <ctx>
and those that go into the unchosen bin. this can be generalized to any number of bins with the constraint that every item must go to exactly one bin. the number of ways to put objects into bins is given by the multinomial coefficient where n is the number of items, m is the number of bins, and is the number of i... | [
"A)6^6",
"B)6^4",
"C)4^7",
"D)4^4"
] | C | there are 4 different bins and each of the toy can go to any of these bins..
so answer 7Γ’Λβ7Γ’Λβ7Γ’Λβ7Γ’Λβ7Γ’Λβ7Γ’Λβ7=4^7
ANSWER:C |
aquarat_6405 | aquarat | <ctx>
personal income is an individual's total earnings from wages, investment interest, and other sources. the bureau of labor statistics reported a median weekly personal income of $ 1, 037 for full - time workers in the united states in q1 2022. for the year 2020, the u. s. census bureau estimates that the median an... | [
"A)A)$58",
"B)B)$42",
"C)C)$65",
"D)D)$59"
] | D | avg = sum of observations/number of observations
avg income=(40+50+60+65+80)/5 = 59
Answer is D |
openbookqa_640 | openbookqa | <ctx>
a characteristic is a distinguishing feature of a person or thing. it may refer to : computing characteristic ( biased exponent ), an ambiguous term formerly used by some authors to specify some type of exponent of a floating point number characteristic ( significand ), an ambiguous term formerly used by some aut... | [
"washing face",
"falling asleep",
"eating breakfast",
"crying"
] | A | |
aquarat_20510 | aquarat | <ctx>
, x being walls, s being the start, o being the finish and _ being open spaces, the numbers along the top and right edges are the column and row numbers : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x x x x x x x x x x x _ _ _ x x _ x _ x 1 x _ x _ _ x _ _ _ x 2 x s x x _ _ _ x _ x 3 x _ x _ _ x _ _ _ x 4 x _ _ _ x x _ x _ x 5 x _ x _ _ x _... | [
"A)50",
"B)52",
"C)53",
"D)55"
] | C | Widgets inspected by Lauren: ((96-4)/4)+1=23+1=24
Widgets inspected by Steven: ((96-3)/3)+1 =31+1 =32
Widgets inspected by both: ((96/12)+1 =9
Total : 24+32 -9=45
hence, widgets not inspected: 98-45=53
Option C |
qasc_2775 | qasc | <ctx>
molecular biology molecular genetics biotechnology products bioplastics biomaterials
in biology, the word gene ( from, ; meaning generation or birth or gender ) can have several different meanings. the mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in dna that is t... | [
"resistance",
"mutations",
"clorophyll",
"nucleotide"
] | B | |
qasc_7766 | qasc | <ctx>
drought deciduous, or drought semi - deciduous plants refers to plants that shed their leaves during periods of drought or in the dry season. this phenomenon is a natural process of plants and is caused due to the limitation of water around the environment where the plant is situated. in the spectrum of botany, d... | [
"produce light",
"Exfoliation",
"flower",
"go dormant"
] | D | |
medmcqa_9031 | medmcqa | <ctx>
glycine cleavage system h protein, mitochondrial ( abbreviated as gcsh ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gcsh gene. degradation of glycine is brought about by the glycine cleavage system ( gcs ), which is composed of 4 protein components : p protein ( a pyridoxal phosphate - dependent glycine decarb... | [
"Urea",
"Glutathione",
"Formate",
"Oxalate"
] | D | (D) Oxalate # Diseases associated with glycine metabolism: are 1. Glycinuria and 2. Primary hyperoxaluria> In Glycinuria there is excessive urinary excretion of glycine with a tendency to form oxalate renal stones. This disease is inborn and very rare.> Primary hyperoxaluria is a metabolic disease characterized biochem... |
medmcqa_5170 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the results of mris are usually ambiguous in defining the presence for this specific tumor. in ct scans, the presence of pnets will be indicated by an elevated density and an increase in volume of the brain. the ct scan can also show calcification, which is present in 41 - 44 % of pnet cases. since the tumor can ... | [
"Open surgery with leaving the tumour margins",
"Chemotherapy",
"Total cranial spinal irradination",
"VP shunt for the obstructive hydrocephalus"
] | A | . Treatment consist of relief of raised intracranial pressure,establishment of pathological diagnosis,removal of beningn tumors,decompressive surgeries for malignant tumor,shunt surgeries to drain CSF_ventriculo peritonial shunt or ventriculo atrial shunt,radiotherapy ,chemotherapy-temozolamide (Ref;SRB's Manual of Sur... |
pubmedqa_395 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
##antation ( breast implant removal ). the patient then has the option of surgical or non - implant breast corrections, either replacement of the explanted breast implants or fat - graft breast augmentation. moreover, because fat - grafts are biologically sensitive, they cannot survive in the empty implantation p... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | A | |
medmcqa_2707 | medmcqa | <ctx>
initially created for epilepsy, to explain why weaker and weaker electrical stimulation was necessary to elicit a seizure as the disease progressed. while parallels have been drawn between bipolar disorder and epilepsy, supporting the kindling hypothesis, this model is generally not supported by studies directly ... | [
"Acute pyogenic meningitis",
"Herpes simplex encephalitis",
"Neurocysticercosis",
"Carcinomatous meningitis"
] | B | Patient is showing features suggestive of herpes simplex encephalitis. Clinical manifestations in viral encephalitis includes altered level of consiousness (confusion, behavioral abnormalities), mild lethargy to coma, evidence of both focal or diffuse neurologic signs and symptoms and focal or generalized seizures. Inv... |
medmcqa_6280 | medmcqa | <ctx>
minus sign a grade lower. for example, ( " b minus " ) is one grade lower than. in some occasions, this is extended to two plus or minus signs ( e. g., being two grades higher than ). positive and negative are sometimes abbreviated as and. mathematics in mathematics the one - sided limit means approaches from the... | [
"Swelling in the foot seen with lymphoedema",
"Loss of normal perimalleolar shape in lymphoedema",
"Subcutaneous fibrosis which makes skin over dorsum of foot not pinchable",
"Pitting Oedema in filariasis"
] | C | Skin over the dorsum of foot cannot be pinched because of subcutaneous fibrosis in filariasis = STEMMER'S SIGN. |
mmlu_aux_2619 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##siteit leiden : 1 β 101. 1936 some notes on the life - history of apoderus clavatus pasc. ( col., curculionidae ). ent. meded. ned. - indie 2 : 9 β 12. 1947 [ the study of the insect fauna of the east indian archipelago ]. verslag 101 ste zomerverg. ned. ent. ver. : x β xiii. reprinted in tijdschr. ent. 89 ( 19... | [
"6.8 meters higher",
"19 meters higher",
"34 meters higher",
"68 meters higher"
] | B | null |
arc_challenge_1044 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
a heavily used bicycle - sharing system run by their transit authority. originally, it required users to have a membership. they changed it to not require a membership after a while, and analyzed data of when and where bikes were rented and returned, to see what areas were active and what trends changed. they fou... | [
"naked-eye viewing",
"calculations of air mass",
"demonstrations of air pressure",
"measurement of airborne particulates"
] | D | |
mmlu_aux_7596 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
. they measure 47 β 51 cm from bill tip to tail tip, and weigh some 200 to 300 g. they have an almost uniform smoky - grey plumage with long tails and ( similar to mousebirds ) a wispy, back - swept crest of some 6 to 7 cm in length. the crest can be raised almost vertically when excited. the strong, decurved bea... | [
"pokes a tough plant",
"eats a small stone",
"takes out a loan",
"cries for a minute"
] | A | null |
mmlu_aux_7722 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
. fiala, u. maschwitz & w. e. booth 2001. patterns of nectar secretion in five nepenthes species from brunei darussalam, northwest borneo, and implications for ant - plant relationships. flora 196 : 153 β 160. mey, f. s. 2010. cambodian journal of natural history 2010 ( 2 ) : 106 β 117. mey, f. s. 2012. under a b... | [
"they turn bright purple",
"they fall to the ground",
"they bring special dust with them",
"they eat small birds"
] | C | null |
qasc_2340 | qasc | <ctx>
. these results strongly support the hypothesis that tail vibration preceded the rattling system as a behavior and allowed for the rattle to be selected for once developed. even a small, underdeveloped rattle early in the evolution of the rattling system could have been advantageous if tail vibration was an ances... | [
"warmth",
"companionship",
"nutrients",
"shade"
] | A | |
medmcqa_3525 | medmcqa | <ctx>
to male white cabbage butterflies and to communicate this message, they assume the mate refusal posture. this behavior consists of opening the wings and straightening the abdomen. opening of the wings in this manner exposes the dorsal side of the female wings which are known to be unable to reflect ultraviolet li... | [
"Pubic hair",
"Axillary hair",
"Hoarseness of voice",
"Testicular enlargement"
] | D | In boys, the first visible sign of pubey and hallmark of SMR2 is testicular enlargement, beginning as early as 9 1/2 years. This is followed by penile growth during SMR3. Peak growth occurs when testis volumes reach approximately 9-10 cm3 during SMR4. Under the influence of LH and testosterone, and prostate enlarges. T... |
aquarat_12605 | aquarat | <ctx>
the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ... | [
"A)17 minutes",
"B)18 minutes",
"C)19 minutes",
"D)16 minutes"
] | B | Explanation :
In one hour
Due to stoppages, it covers 15 km less.
Time taken to cover 15 km = [15/50 * 60] min = 18 min
Answer : B |
qasc_7271 | qasc | <ctx>
is, you must know the smallest distance at which the person can see clearly. then the image produced by a spectacle lens must be at this distance or farther for the farsighted person to be able to see it clearly. 26. 9
naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual percepti... | [
"dark",
"sun",
"light",
"wind"
] | C | |
aquarat_36825 | aquarat | <ctx>
mr. jones has two children. the older child is a girl. what is the probability that both children are girls? under the aforementioned assumptions, in this problem, a random family is selected. in this sample space, there are four equally probable events : only two of these possible events meet the criteria specif... | [
"A)2/5",
"B)1/18",
"C)9/5",
"D)2/3"
] | A | Group A has 3 boys and 2 girls; 5
Group B has 4 boys and 4 girls; 8
Group C has 3 boys and 3 girls. 6
Selected group should have one girl and two boys.
Girl from A, boy from B, boy from C: 2/5*4/8*3/6 = 1/10;
Boy from A, girl from B, boy from C: 3/5*4/8*3/6 = 3/20;
Boy from A, boy from B, girl from C: 3/5*4/8*3/6 = 6/4... |
qasc_3626 | qasc | <ctx>
is still debated. distortions to the earth's magnetic field cause the phenomenon aurora borealis, commonly called the northern lights. the magnetic field stores energy given by cosmic particles known as solar wind, which causes the magnetic field lines to expand. when the lines contract, they release this energy,... | [
"three",
"two",
"four",
"six"
] | C | |
mmlu_aux_5168 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
, he strove to present the science correctly and used reader feedback to get it right. when scott began directing the film, he also sought to make it realistic and received help from james l. green, the director of the planetary science division at nasa's science mission directorate. green put together teams to a... | [
"What problems the radiation causes.",
"How to avoid bad conditions on Mars.",
"How to build homes on Mars.",
"How to protect Mars."
] | B | null |
arc_easy_520 | arc_easy | <ctx>
depending on latitude, elevation, and proximity to the coast. coastal and southern parts of the state have a subtropical mediterranean climate, with somewhat rainy winters and dry summers. the influence of the ocean generally moderates temperature extremes, creating warmer winters and substantially cooler summers... | [
"neutral pH",
"high specific heat",
"dissolves many substances",
"floats as a solid"
] | B | |
aquarat_18729 | aquarat | <ctx>
in mathematics, the remainder is the amount " left over " after performing some computation. in arithmetic, the remainder is the integer " left over " after dividing one integer by another to produce an integer quotient ( integer division ). in algebra of polynomials, the remainder is the polynomial " left over "... | [
"A)370",
"B)365",
"C)380",
"D)367"
] | D | Easy solution:
N= Dq1+241
2N = 2Dq1 + 482 - (1)
2N = Dq2 + 115 - (2)
As (1) = (2) = 2N
D*(q2-2q1) = 367
D * Some integer = 367
Checking all options only (D) syncs with it.
ANswer D |
openbookqa_1113 | openbookqa | <ctx>
the metal with many uses at the time. during world war i, major governments demanded large shipments of aluminium for light strong airframes ; during world war ii, demand by major governments for aviation was even higher. by the mid - 20th century, aluminium had become a part of everyday life and an essential com... | [
"Impossible",
"Watering the grass",
"building a dam",
"Planting soda cans"
] | A | |
medmcqa_7019 | medmcqa | <ctx>
carpal tunnel syndrome ( cts ) is the collection of symptoms and signs associated with median neuropathy at the carpal tunnel. most cts is related to idiopathic compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist at the carpal tunnel ( imnct ). idiopathic means that there is no other disease process c... | [
"Hypothyroidism",
"Tuberculosis",
"Pregnancy",
"Acromegaly"
] | B | Many systemic conditions are strongly associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). These conditions may directly or indirectly affect microcirculation, pressure thresholds for nerve conduction, nerve cell body synthesis, and axon transpo or interstitial fluid pressures. Peurbations in the endocrine system, as observed... |
aquarat_27480 | aquarat | <ctx>
total : = total + num return total for harder problems, it becomes increasingly important to find an efficient algorithm. for this problem, we can reduce 1000 operations to a few by using the inclusion β exclusion principle and a closed - form summation formula, as follows. let denote the sum of multiples of belo... | [
"A)4100",
"B)3590",
"C)2800",
"D)3700"
] | A | A
4100 |
medmcqa_1929 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##se ; ), sometimes called cytochrome aa3, four electrons are removed from four molecules of cytochrome c and transferred to molecular oxygen ( o ) and four protons, producing two molecules of water. the complex contains coordinated copper ions and several heme groups. at the same time, eight protons are removed ... | [
"Non-competitive reversible inhibition",
"Competitive reversible inhibition",
"Suicide irreversible inhibition",
"Non-competitive irreversible inhibition"
] | D | The toxicity of cyanide is due to its inhibitory effect on the terminal cytochrome which brings cellular respiration to a standstill. The inhibitor usually binds to a different domain on the enzyme, other than the substrate binding site. Since these inhibitors have no structural resemblance to the substrate, an increas... |
openbookqa_1421 | openbookqa | <ctx>
many more. fungi are also prominent in the appalachia region. abundant mushroom and lichen can be found including chanterelle, oyster mushroom and rock tripe. natural resources the appalachian plateau has a vast array of natural resources throughout its rugged landscape. within these resources, there are many sed... | [
"strawberries that grow elsewhere",
"strawberries that grow there",
"shark's stomachs under water",
"underwater caves in France"
] | B | |
aquarat_6696 | aquarat | <ctx>
digested, reducing the volume of solids. the liquid component flows through the dividing wall into the second chamber, where further settlement takes place. the excess liquid, now in a generally clear condition, then drains from the outlet into the septic drain field, also referred to as a leach field, drain fiel... | [
"A)4.5",
"B)17",
"C)18",
"D)19"
] | A | Let the leak can empty the full tank in x hours 1/3 - 1/x = 1/9
=> 1/x = 1/3 - 1/9 = (3 - 1)/9 = 2/9
=> x = 9/2 = 4.5.
Answer: A |
medmcqa_9857 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the glycocalyx can be triggered by inflammatory stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor - alpha. whatever the stimulus is, however, shedding of the glycocalyx leads to a drastic increase in vascular permeability. vascular walls being permeable is disadvantageous, since that would enable passage of some macromolecu... | [
"Angiotensin",
"Prostaglandin E2",
"Kallikrein",
"C3a"
] | A | Kallikreins like:- Bradykinin PGs Complement components are mediators of acute inflammation. |
medmcqa_3519 | medmcqa | <ctx>
inorganic polymers, polyphosphates. contact to polyphosphates activates factor xii and initiates fibrin formation by the intrinsic pathway of coagulation with critical importance for thrombus formation and the factor xii - activated pro inflammatory kallikrein kinin - system. targeting polyphosphates with phospha... | [
"Flouride",
"Indomethacin",
"Mithramycin",
"Thiazides"
] | B | drugs or Non hormonal substances altering calcium hemostasis are Calcium preparations Flouride Thiazides Bisphosphonates Vit D or Calcitriol Some antibiotics like mithramycin Ref - Harrisons internal medicine 20e p2945-2946 2911-12 |
mmlu_aux_3194 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
pollutants near highways may be higher due to increased traffic volumes. therefore, the risk of exposure to elevated levels of air pollutants from a highway may be considerable, and further magnified when highways have traffic congestion. new highways can also cause habitat fragmentation, encourage urban sprawl a... | [
"an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents",
"the driving conditions have improved greatly",
"the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work",
"wild animals have become more dangerous"
] | A | null |
arc_challenge_362 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
2. 00 - m - high incline starting from rest, and has a final velocity of 6. 00 m / s? express the moment of inertia as a multiple of, where is the mass of the object and is its radius. 33. suppose a 200 - kg motorcycle has two wheels like, the one described in problem 10. 15 and is heading toward a hill at a spee... | [
"The ball's potential energy is changing to kinetic energy.",
"The ball is gaining potential energy from the hill.",
"The ball is rapidly losing kinetic energy as it rolls down the hill.",
"The ball will continue gaining kinetic energy until it stops."
] | A | |
mmlu_aux_5242 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
plant perception is the ability of plants to sense and respond to the environment by adjusting their morphology and physiology. botanical research has revealed that plants are capable of reacting to a broad range of stimuli, including chemicals, gravity, light, moisture, infections, temperature, oxygen and carbon... | [
"we will have more strength to do our work.",
"clocks or watches are no longer useful to us",
"we will be able to live as long as we wish to",
"human beings will need less sleep, less food or less movement"
] | A | null |
aquarat_7137 | aquarat | <ctx>
group made a judgment against the blue bus company only 8. 2 % of the time, while those in the second group found the blue bus company liable in 67. 1 % of the cases. variants and proposed mechanisms the original study found evidence for a process wells described as " fact - to - evidence reasoning ". a juror eng... | [
"A)20%",
"B)30%",
"C)40%",
"D)50%"
] | C | 4/10 of all the vehicles were not rented.
(3/5)(2/5) = 6/25 of all the vehicles are 4WDs that were not rented.
(6/25) / (4/10) = 3/5 is the fraction of non-rented vehicles that were 4WDs
1 - 3/5 = 40% of non-rented vehicles were not 4WDs.
The answer is C. |
medmcqa_840 | medmcqa | <ctx>
a component of the z - disk, linking these protein complexes of costameres to complexes of the z - disk. restated, filamin c physically links the two complexes that constitute the costamere to sarcomeres by interacting with the sarcoglycans in the dgc and the integrins of the integrin - vinculin - talin complex. ... | [
"Perlecan",
"Dystrophin",
"Dystroglycan",
"Sarcoglycan"
] | A | Perlecan is a large extracellular matrix proteoglycan that plays a crucial role in tissue development and organogenesis. Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex provides a structural link between the cytoskeleton of the muscle cell and the extracellular matrix, which appears to stabilize the... |
aquarat_20305 | aquarat | <ctx>
by peter winkler for more information, and see the discussion on les - mathematiques. net. consult the references on 100 prisoners for links to these references. the above computation may be performed in a more simple and direct way, as follows : first note that a permutation of elements contains at most one cycl... | [
"A)338 m",
"B)300 m",
"C)200 m",
"D)276 m"
] | B | 2(l + 100)
= 800 => l
= 300 m
Answer:B |
openbookqa_1216 | openbookqa | <ctx>
472, issue, 2195, pp. 20160749. s. z. ali and s. dey ( 2016 ). " hydrodynamics of sediment threshold ". physics of fluids, american institute of physics, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 075103. s. dey and r. das ( 2012 ). " gravel - bed hydrodynamics : a double - averaging approach ". journal of hydraulic engineering, americ... | [
"water is bloody",
"water is harder",
"water is falling",
"water adjusts things"
] | D |
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