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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
6238a270222f17bdded88134a2d628b82db3a79a	on december 23, 1961, three signed roads along	on december 23, 1961, three signed roads along the route of sr 112 were opened: the 36th street tollway, now the airport expressway, i-195, and the i-195 spur along with a stretch of i-95 in miami. the i-195 spur was the surface portion of the west–east state road along arthur godfrey road in miami beach, connecting i-...	wikipedia
5e03f356be3f5b91ff8dea26c05d0982d92ae7d8	i-195 begins at the eastern end of the	i-195 begins at the eastern end of the i-95 and sr 112 interchange, also known as the 36th street interchange, heading east with interchanges with miami avenue and us 1 before heading onto the julia tuttle causeway, where the interstate crosses biscayne bay. at the eastern end of the causeway in miami beach, it has an ...	wikipedia
27961be22f835478f7ede0fee88811111464f1d2	interstate 195 (i-195) is a 4.42-mile-long (7.11 km)	interstate 195 (i-195) is a 4.42-mile-long (7.11 km) auxiliary interstate highway connecting i-95, its parent route, in the west with miami beach in the east. it crosses biscayne bay by traveling over the julia tuttle causeway. the causeway is named after miami founder julia tuttle.	wikipedia
f00c99b540fe603ace34a52063602051abc19638	the hele-shaw clutch was an early form of	the hele-shaw clutch was an early form of multi-plate wet clutch, in use around 1900. it was named after its inventor, professor henry selby hele-shaw, who was noted for his work in viscosity and flows through small gaps between parallel plates. the clutch was innovative in not relying upon friction, as other clutches ...	wikipedia
2750a3cb07259ea9f7ad16ae25b8b40e0d326d17	when combined with an epicyclic gearbox, a pair	when combined with an epicyclic gearbox, a pair of clutches could form a reversing gearbox. engaging each clutch in turn provided a forwards and reverse motion, one direction being geared down in speed and increased in torque. as the clutches could be engaged quickly with only a light controlling force, these gearboxes...	wikipedia
7aadeb4ea49f27b54d43399fc48947afacd7a512	the clutch was introduced for cars and patented	the clutch was introduced for cars and patented in 1905. clutches were manufactured by the british hele-shaw patent clutch co. ltd. of oldham. its advantages were soon recognised, particularly its reliability and resistance to overheating when in heavy use. at a paris motor show in 1907, around 80% of the cars exhibite...	wikipedia
4355724dc164a3348851c3c59842e170700dc347	both the multi-plate and the wet clutch were	both the multi-plate and the wet clutch were also in use beforehand. the innovation of the hele-shaw clutch is that the multiple plates were an inherent feature of the design, and also simple to manufacture, rather than being a crude duplication of multiple elements that were individually underpowered. the use of oil w...	wikipedia
83f8aa613a5f2b5d7a729fbc2c580e71312d3be9	frictional clutches, usually leather-faced cone clutches, were in	frictional clutches, usually leather-faced cone clutches, were in use before the hele-shaw clutch. their difficulty was one of materials science and the lack of a suitable friction material, before asbestos clutch linings, that could handle the specific power / area at an elevated operating temperature. as the hele-sha...	wikipedia
01663f41cb5b9a2591cd4926324f7bd1b5db8071	the innovation of the hele-shaw clutch is that	the innovation of the hele-shaw clutch is that it does not operate by friction, as for most other clutches, but rather by the viscous flow behaviour of which professor hele-shaw had made an in-depth study. when the plates are pressed together closely enough, the film between the plates is thin enough that the drag betw...	wikipedia
7a1c8c3e8c3678d3392e06499b4cf136c4d064e8	in the hele-shaw clutch, the many plates are	in the hele-shaw clutch, the many plates are lightweight pressings from thin sheets of steel. each plate has a ring pressed into it, v-shaped in section and forming a frustum of a cone with each side. the clutch is always used wet, so that there is a very thin layer of oil between the plates, even when compressed. for ...	wikipedia
ab9b7ffe644ab83d11555f655c77eb3b340b3100	the clutch appears outwardly similar to most other	the clutch appears outwardly similar to most other multi-plate clutches. a stack of plates is enclosed in a housing with a divided central shaft. alternate plates are keyed to either the input or output shafts, through either the inner or outer housings. a pressure plate is arranged at one end of the stack so that an a...	wikipedia
f00c99b540fe603ace34a52063602051abc19638	the hele-shaw clutch was an early form of	the hele-shaw clutch was an early form of multi-plate wet clutch, in use around 1900. it was named after its inventor, professor henry selby hele-shaw, who was noted for his work in viscosity and flows through small gaps between parallel plates. the clutch was innovative in not relying upon friction, as other clutches ...	wikipedia
31a1953b00e07cccf0d4e6e5139d15e456382660	galactosyl-n-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide beta-1,6-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (ec 2.4.1.164, uridi	galactosyl-n-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide beta-1,6-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (ec 2.4.1.164, uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-acetyllactosaminide beta1->6-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, udp-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine:d-galactosyl-1,4-n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-d-galactosyl-1,4-beta-d-gluc...	wikipedia
4552dd2acc6b4d19a9579c03dc64310e1a4ecb68	galactosyl-n-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide beta-1,6-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (ec 2.4.1.164, uridi	galactosyl-n-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide beta-1,6-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (ec 2.4.1.164, uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-acetyllactosaminide beta1->6-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, udp-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine:d-galactosyl-1,4-n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-d-galactosyl-1,4-beta-d-gluc...	wikipedia
1227248fa5e6cb6b548625fe8af3e3ebafcb7111	glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is a derivative of glucose 1-phosphate.	glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is a derivative of glucose 1-phosphate. in the glycogenesis metabolic pathway, glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is an intermediate in the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate into glucose 1-phosphate by the enzyme glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase.	wikipedia
1227248fa5e6cb6b548625fe8af3e3ebafcb7111	glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is a derivative of glucose 1-phosphate.	glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is a derivative of glucose 1-phosphate. in the glycogenesis metabolic pathway, glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is an intermediate in the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate into glucose 1-phosphate by the enzyme glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase.	wikipedia
ce7b2b080ef53081bb003cf9fd0cb9744f7928d5	sir frederick william keeble, cbe, frs was a	sir frederick william keeble, cbe, frs was a british biologist, academic, and scientific adviser, who specialised in botany. he was sherardian professor of botany at the university of oxford from 1920 to 1927 and fullerian professor of physiology at the royal institution from 1937 to 1941.	wikipedia
87e38444d824c515fac34659e5ba7a33490be1a5	on 4 june 1917, he was appointed commander	on 4 june 1917, he was appointed commander of the order of the british empire (cbe) 'for services in connection with the war'. in the 1922 birthday honours, he was appointed knight bachelor and was therefore granted the use of the title sir. he was knighted by king george v at buckingham palace on 8 july 1922.	wikipedia
ffc9b4bc74f9eefd3497840940dd0bd09da9ccab	keeble was elected president of the botany section	keeble was elected president of the botany section of the british association in 1912. in 1913, he was elected fellow of the royal society (frs). he was elected president of the agricultural section of the british association in 1920. he was elected a member of the royal institution in 1924. in 1933, he was elected mas...	wikipedia
67595c8a2e672a1143e761f2d17ef391e2b0a083	keeble retired from academia in 1941. in retirement	keeble retired from academia in 1941. in retirement he moved first to fowey, cornwall before moving to london. he died in his home, a flat on gloucester road, london, on 19 october 1952.	wikipedia
4aa9ffe4f4d2b65a630f1bda87647b5f4208af47	keeble met sir alfred mond when he was	keeble met sir alfred mond when he was a guest to an event held at his boars hill home. in 1927, mond convinced him to leave the university of oxford and become agricultural adviser to the newly created imperial chemical industries (ici). he worked with a team at jealott's hill agricultural research station, investigat...	wikipedia
64c22b1c7310b78e108d49ceca36780349fd176c	in 1920, keeble left the civil service and	in 1920, keeble left the civil service and returned to academia. he had been elected to the appointment of sherardian professor of botany at the university of oxford in december 1919. his predecessor, s. h. vines vacated the position on 31 december, and keeble succeeded him on 1 january 1920. after accepting the chair,...	wikipedia
9c81f9253c9d2b977bc0be387374f6c22b025622	in 1919, he was promoted to assistant secretary	in 1919, he was promoted to assistant secretary of the board of agriculture and fisheries. during this post, he was instrumental in the establishment of the east malling research station as an independent but government-funded horticultural research centre. the station was previously part of wye college, an educational...	wikipedia
12494330ae80f67bb3d927864e43e3a1c38edcd4	when the united kingdom joined world war i	when the united kingdom joined world war i in august 1914, keeble left the recently acquired position at rhs garden, wisley, to join the board of agriculture and fisheries. in 1917, the food production department was created. he transferred to the new department as controller of horticulture. that year, he wrote an art...	wikipedia
54114d409538b8532b99f421b60f0bcbc170de60	in 1914, he left reading to take up	in 1914, he left reading to take up the appointment of director of the royal horticultural society 's gardens in wisley, surrey. he had been recommended to the council of the royal horticultural society by sir isaac bayley balfour, a former regius professor of botany.	wikipedia
1a593092daf6ab6a9bfd254666705fa879ea3d80	in 1902 he joined university college, reading, first	in 1902 he joined university college, reading, first as a lecturer in botany, and from october that year as director of its horticultural department. he was promoted to professor in 1907 and served as dean of the faculty of science between 1907 and 1909. during his time at reading, he collaborated on publications with ...	wikipedia
eec980c8830f6c63dd58af02da007d6c0c49d05a	in 1894, keeble spent time in ceylon researching	in 1894, keeble spent time in ceylon researching plant physiology. he was interested in the hanging foliage of a number of tropical trees; specifically amherstia, brownea, and humboldtia. this study produced his first publications which consisted of two academic papers published in 1895. having returned to the uk, he w...	wikipedia
4a034b491f5300aacdacd9c9440a44ccc624c10e	he then studied natural sciences at gonville and	he then studied natural sciences at gonville and caius college, cambridge. he was awarded first class honours in part i in 1891, and second class honours in part ii in 1893. he graduated from the university of cambridge with a bachelor of arts (ba) degree in 1893. he had been awarded the frank smart studentship in bota...	wikipedia
4ad880f56c0b3d807460766146d50f2023e9b1e0	keeble was born on 2 march 1870 in	keeble was born on 2 march 1870 in westminster, london, england. he was the second of six sons born to francis henry keeble and his wife anna keeble (née gamble). his father was the head of a furniture manufacturer in london. he was educated at alleyn's school, an anglican public school in dulwich, london, and then dul...	wikipedia
05f12003cd8c1e38b0c81c4c6343fb856ddfb688	sir frederick william keeble, cbe, frs (2 march	sir frederick william keeble, cbe, frs (2 march 1870 – 19 october 1952) was a british biologist, academic, and scientific adviser, who specialised in botany. he was sherardian professor of botany at the university of oxford from 1920 to 1927 and fullerian professor of physiology at the royal institution from 1937 to 19...	wikipedia
8aa45ddf3d07c7a8d0dc45bb1000793690a7afe0	harold delos babcock was an american astronomer and	harold delos babcock was an american astronomer and the father of horace w. babcock. he was of english and german ancestry. he was born in edgerton, wisconsin, before completing high school in los angeles and was accepted to the university of california, berkeley in 1901. he worked at the mount wilson observatory from ...	wikipedia
e9a436213bb94b518794e4780c494d1cf1d1b5db	harold delos babcock (january 24, 1882 – april	harold delos babcock (january 24, 1882 – april 8, 1968) was an american astronomer and the father of horace w. babcock. he was of english and german ancestry. he was born in edgerton, wisconsin, before completing high school in los angeles and was accepted to the university of california, berkeley in 1901. he worked at...	wikipedia
842f5516b38be63b8358392e88700576f8e53b2c	in mathematics, the hasse–witt matrix h of a	in mathematics, the hasse–witt matrix h of a non-singular algebraic curve c over a finite field f is the matrix of the frobenius mapping (p-th power mapping where f has q elements, q a power of the prime number p) with respect to a basis for the differentials of the first kind. it is a g × g matrix where c has genus g....	wikipedia
a8207b107963aafaf2b90c78d55203213ece0237	the case of elliptic curves was worked out	the case of elliptic curves was worked out by hasse in 1934. since the genus is 1, the only possibilities for the matrix h are: h is zero, hasse invariant 0, p -rank 0, the supersingular case; or h non-zero, hasse invariant 1, p -rank 1, the ordinary case. here there is a congruence formula saying that h is congruent m...	wikipedia
a182ca5dabd023ae17f0e5c72f16769e0d947819	the rank of the cartier–manin operator, or hasse–witt	the rank of the cartier–manin operator, or hasse–witt matrix, therefore gives an upper bound for the p -rank. the p -rank is the rank of the frobenius operator composed with itself g times. in the original paper of hasse and witt the problem is phrased in terms intrinsic to c, not relying on j. it is there a question o...	wikipedia
3a7448db3205b66364c120e1804f3fcfa7c20620	the p -rank of an abelian variety a	the p -rank of an abelian variety a over a field k of characteristic p is the integer k for which the kernel a of multiplication by p has p points. it may take any value from 0 to d, the dimension of a; by contrast for any other prime number l there are l points in a. the reason that the p -rank is lower is that multip...	wikipedia
6c8de5003cc32dd6701ceb9501967eb01ea53e8f	or in other words the first cohomology of	or in other words the first cohomology of c with coefficients in its structure sheaf. this is now called the cartier–manin operator (sometimes just cartier operator), for pierre cartier and yuri manin. the connection with the hasse–witt definition is by means of serre duality, which for a curve relates that group to	wikipedia
e5479712bf4f775621d6b7ce875e6bc41ccfcde1	that definition needs a couple of caveats, at	that definition needs a couple of caveats, at least. firstly, there is a convention about frobenius mappings, and under the modern understanding what is required for h is the transpose of frobenius (see arithmetic and geometric frobenius for more discussion). secondly, the frobenius mapping is not f -linear; it is line...	wikipedia
0496557bfb419fd7381460df343f17c3e2ef8140	this definition, as given in the introduction, is	this definition, as given in the introduction, is natural in classical terms, and is due to helmut hasse and ernst witt (1936). it provides a solution to the question of the p -rank of the jacobian variety j of c; the p -rank is bounded by the rank of h, specifically it is the rank of the frobenius mapping composed wit...	wikipedia
a03cef30c8f5c6b80129dad45bacf42b46a786c7	in mathematics, the hasse–witt matrix h of a	in mathematics, the hasse–witt matrix h of a non-singular algebraic curve c over a finite field f is the matrix of the frobenius mapping (p -th power mapping where f has q elements, q a power of the prime number p) with respect to a basis for the differentials of the first kind. it is a g × g matrix where c has genus g...	wikipedia