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PMID:26637 | Interaction of cholera toxin and toxin derivatives with lymphocytes. III. Modulating effects in vivo by cholera toxin on the graft-versus-host reactivity of lymphoid cells: suggested inhibition of suppressor cells. | The influence of cholera toxin (CT), and thus probably of cyclic AMP, on the capacity of parental lymphoid cells to elicit a graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) was studied. Toxin-treated DBA/1 mice were used as cell donors and untreated DBA/1xC57B1/6 F1 hybrid mice as recipients, and the GVHR reactivity of the transferr... | Interaction of cholera toxin and toxin derivatives with lymphocytes. III. Modulating effects in vivo by cholera toxin on the graft-versus-host reactivity of lymphoid cells: suggested inhibition of suppressor cells. The influence of cholera toxin (CT), and thus probably of cyclic AMP, on the capacity of parental lymphoi... | [
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PMID:26640 | [Acute mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki-syndrome) with fatal periarteritis nodosa of the coronary arteries. Another case from Europe]. | Case report of a 1 8/12-year-old boy suffering from an acute febrile disease with phlegmonous cervical lymphadenopathy, skin rash and other septic symptoms. Bacterial cultures were sterile, and antibiotics had no effect, whereas prednisone made an immediate improvement. On the 23rd day of illness the patient died unexp... | [Acute mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki-syndrome) with fatal periarteritis nodosa of the coronary arteries. Another case from Europe]. Case report of a 1 8/12-year-old boy suffering from an acute febrile disease with phlegmonous cervical lymphadenopathy, skin rash and other septic symptoms. Bacterial culture... | [
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PMID:26641 | Light and electron microscopic study of adenosine triphosphatase activity of anuran tadpole musculature. | The histochemical activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and Ca++-activated ATPase (pHs 7.4 and 9.4) were studied in the larval tail musculature of Rana japonica, Rana catesbeiana and Rana ornativentris. The ATPase reaction product was detected by both light and electron microscopy. 'Red' and 'white' muscle fibres,... | Light and electron microscopic study of adenosine triphosphatase activity of anuran tadpole musculature. The histochemical activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and Ca++-activated ATPase (pHs 7.4 and 9.4) were studied in the larval tail musculature of Rana japonica, Rana catesbeiana and Rana ornativentris. The ATP... | [
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PMID:26650 | Microbial metabolism of anthracycline antibiotics daunomycin and adriamycin. | It has been shown that the antitumor antibiotics daunomycin (1) and adriamycin (4) are metabolized by microorganisms in a fashion similar to their metabolism by mammalian cells. Both the fungus Mucor spinosus and its cell-free extracts reduce the 13-keto group of daunomycin to give daunomycinol (2) by a TPNH-dependent ... | Microbial metabolism of anthracycline antibiotics daunomycin and adriamycin. It has been shown that the antitumor antibiotics daunomycin (1) and adriamycin (4) are metabolized by microorganisms in a fashion similar to their metabolism by mammalian cells. Both the fungus Mucor spinosus and its cell-free extracts reduce ... | [
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PMID:26651 | Semiautomated turbidimetric microbiological assay for cefazaflur. | A quantitative semi-automated turbidimetric bioassay for cefazaflur, using Streptococcus faecium as the indicator, is described. Assays were run at pH 6.5 approximately 7 for 3.75 hours at 37 degrees C using 2 approximately 12 microgram cefazaflur per ml assay broth for standards. The dose response line was plotted poi... | Semiautomated turbidimetric microbiological assay for cefazaflur. A quantitative semi-automated turbidimetric bioassay for cefazaflur, using Streptococcus faecium as the indicator, is described. Assays were run at pH 6.5 approximately 7 for 3.75 hours at 37 degrees C using 2 approximately 12 microgram cefazaflur per ml... | [
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PMID:26655 | Salmonella typhimurium peptidase active on carnosine. | Wild-type Salmonella typhimurium can use carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) as a source of histidine, but carnosine utilization is blocked in particular mutants defective in the constitutive enzyme peptidase D, the product of the pepD gene. Biochemical evidence for assigning carnosinase activity to peptidase D (a broa... | Salmonella typhimurium peptidase active on carnosine. Wild-type Salmonella typhimurium can use carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) as a source of histidine, but carnosine utilization is blocked in particular mutants defective in the constitutive enzyme peptidase D, the product of the pepD gene. Biochemical evidence for... | [
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PMID:26656 | Aspartokinase of Streptococcus mutans: purification, properties, and regulation. | Aspartokinase from Streptococcus mutans BHT was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 242,000 by gel filtration. Cross-linking of aspartokinase with dimethyl suberimidate and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the amidinated enzyme in the presence of... | Aspartokinase of Streptococcus mutans: purification, properties, and regulation. Aspartokinase from Streptococcus mutans BHT was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 242,000 by gel filtration. Cross-linking of aspartokinase with dimethyl suberimidate a... | [
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PMID:26657 | Carboxypeptidase displaying differential velocity in hydrolysis of methotrexate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, and leucovorin. | An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of folic acid and the antifolate methotrexate nearly 20 times more rapidly than the hydrolysis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was extraced from a gram-negative bacterium tentatively identified as a Flavobacterium sp. The enzyme was purified 500-fold and found to have a molecular wei... | Carboxypeptidase displaying differential velocity in hydrolysis of methotrexate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, and leucovorin. An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of folic acid and the antifolate methotrexate nearly 20 times more rapidly than the hydrolysis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was extraced from a gram-negat... | [
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PMID:26658 | Glutamate-induced uptake of proline by Streptomyces antibioticus. | Streptomyces antibioticus possesses an energy-dependent, carrier mediated transport system for the uptake of L-glutamate and L-proline. Amino acid transport was found to have a temperature optimum of 35 degrees C and a pH optimum from 7.0 to 8.0 for glutamate and 6.5 to 7.5 for proline uptake. Uptake did not depend upo... | Glutamate-induced uptake of proline by Streptomyces antibioticus. Streptomyces antibioticus possesses an energy-dependent, carrier mediated transport system for the uptake of L-glutamate and L-proline. Amino acid transport was found to have a temperature optimum of 35 degrees C and a pH optimum from 7.0 to 8.0 for glut... | [
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PMID:26659 | Glutamine synthetase of Klebsiella aerogenes: properties of glnD mutants lacking uridylyltransferase. | The glnD mutation of Klebsiella aerogenes is cotransducible by phage P1 with pan (requirement for pantothenate) and leads to a loss of uridylytransferase and uridylyl-removing enzyme, components of the glutamine synthetase adenylylation system. This defect results in an inability to deadenylylate glutamine synthetase r... | Glutamine synthetase of Klebsiella aerogenes: properties of glnD mutants lacking uridylyltransferase. The glnD mutation of Klebsiella aerogenes is cotransducible by phage P1 with pan (requirement for pantothenate) and leads to a loss of uridylytransferase and uridylyl-removing enzyme, components of the glutamine synthe... | [
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PMID:26660 | Regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in Escherichia coli: characterization of mutants lacking the uridylyltransferase. | A lambda phage (lambdaNK55) carrying the translocatable element Tn10, conferring tetracycline resistance (Tetr), has been utilized to isolate glutamine auxotrophs of Escherichia coli K-12. Such strains lack uridylyltransferase as a result of an insertion of the TN10 element in the glnD gene. The glnD::Tn10 insertion ha... | Regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in Escherichia coli: characterization of mutants lacking the uridylyltransferase. A lambda phage (lambdaNK55) carrying the translocatable element Tn10, conferring tetracycline resistance (Tetr), has been utilized to isolate glutamine auxotrophs of Escherichia coli K-12. Such... | [
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PMID:26661 | Purification and properties of the inducible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase from Chlorella sorokiniana. | The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) of Chlorella sorokiniana was purified 260-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity in six steps. Depending on the techniques used, the native enzyme appeared to have a molecular weight of 290,000 or 410,000 and to be composed of five... | Purification and properties of the inducible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase from Chlorella sorokiniana. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) of Chlorella sorokiniana was purified 260-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity ... | [
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PMID:26662 | Regulation of initial rate of induction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase during the cell cycle of synchronous Chlorella. | When synchronous cells of the eucaryotic microorganism Chlorella sorokiniana growing in nitrate medium were challenged to synthesize an ammonium-inducible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) at frequent intervals during the cell cycle the initial rate of induction (i.... | Regulation of initial rate of induction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase during the cell cycle of synchronous Chlorella. When synchronous cells of the eucaryotic microorganism Chlorella sorokiniana growing in nitrate medium were challenged to synthesize an ammonium-inducib... | [
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PMID:26663 | Mutations that alter the covalent modification of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella typhimurium. | glnD and glnE mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium lack three of the four activities required for reversible covalent modification of glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2). The glnD strains, which are unable to deadenylylate GS and therefore accumulate the adenylylated or less active form of the enzyme, were isolat... | Mutations that alter the covalent modification of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella typhimurium. glnD and glnE mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium lack three of the four activities required for reversible covalent modification of glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2). The glnD strains, which are unable to deadeny... | [
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PMID:26664 | Genetics and physiology of Neurospora crassa glutamine auxotrophs. | This work reports on the isolation and characterization of two glutamine auxotrophs in Neurospora crassa. The mutations responsible for the glutamine-requiring phenotype were very closely linked, and one of them proved to be recessive to wild type. The mutations impaired the conversion of glutamic acid to glutamine and... | Genetics and physiology of Neurospora crassa glutamine auxotrophs. This work reports on the isolation and characterization of two glutamine auxotrophs in Neurospora crassa. The mutations responsible for the glutamine-requiring phenotype were very closely linked, and one of them proved to be recessive to wild type. The ... | [
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PMID:26665 | Oxidation kinetics and chemostat growth kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on tetrathionate and thiosulfate. | Growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in batch culture on 10 mM potassium tetrathionate was optimal at pH 2.5 (specific growth rate, 0.092 h-1). Oxygen electrode studies on resting cell suspensions showed that the apparent Km for tetrathionate oxidation (0.13 to 8.33 mM) was pH dependent, suggesting higher substrate affi... | Oxidation kinetics and chemostat growth kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on tetrathionate and thiosulfate. Growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in batch culture on 10 mM potassium tetrathionate was optimal at pH 2.5 (specific growth rate, 0.092 h-1). Oxygen electrode studies on resting cell suspensions showed that ... | [
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PMID:26666 | Sodium ion-proton antiport in a marine bacterium. | Alteromonas haloplanktis ejected protons in response to a brief respiratory pulse; the rate of decay of the resulting pH change was accelerated when Na+ was present in the suspension medium. The addition of an anaerobic NaCl solution to an essentially Na+-free anaerobic bacterial suspension induced the acidification of... | Sodium ion-proton antiport in a marine bacterium. Alteromonas haloplanktis ejected protons in response to a brief respiratory pulse; the rate of decay of the resulting pH change was accelerated when Na+ was present in the suspension medium. The addition of an anaerobic NaCl solution to an essentially Na+-free anaerobic... | [
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PMID:26668 | Effect of ammonium ion concentration and osmotic pressure on growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma). | The effect of ammonium ion concentration and osmotic pressure on growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum type VIII was determined by using a well-buffered broth medium containing 10 mM urea. The addition of NH4Cl to the medium at concentrations up to 10 mM did not affect growth; however, addition of larger quantities progress... | Effect of ammonium ion concentration and osmotic pressure on growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma). The effect of ammonium ion concentration and osmotic pressure on growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum type VIII was determined by using a well-buffered broth medium containing 10 mM urea. The addition of NH4... | [
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PMID:26667 | Purification and characterization of a heme-containing amine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida. | The primary amine dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas putida NP was purified to homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cytochrome c or an artificial electron acceptor was required for amine dehydrogenase activity. The enzyme was nonspecific, readily oxidizing primary monoamines, benzylamine, and tyramine... | Purification and characterization of a heme-containing amine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida. The primary amine dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas putida NP was purified to homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cytochrome c or an artificial electron acceptor was required for amine dehydrogenase a... | [
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PMID:26669 | Organic fluorides: implications for psychiatry. | The widespread use of synthetic organic fluorides has recently received attention as a potential health hazard. There are a number of organic fluorides which have become important considerations in psychiatry. Therapeutically the organic fluorides include the neuroleptics trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, triflupromazine,... | Organic fluorides: implications for psychiatry. The widespread use of synthetic organic fluorides has recently received attention as a potential health hazard. There are a number of organic fluorides which have become important considerations in psychiatry. Therapeutically the organic fluorides include the neuroleptics... | [
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PMID:26670 | Enzymatic oxidation of disulfides and thiolsulfinates by both rabbit liver microsomes and a reconstituted system with purified cytochrome P-450. | Both rabbit liver microsomes and reconstituted system with purified cytochrome P-450 and cofactors enzymatically oxidized o-dithiane (1, 2-dithiane), 3-methyl-o-dithiane, thiane and 2-methylthiane to the corresponding mono-oxygenated products; sulfides or disulfides were oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides or thio... | Enzymatic oxidation of disulfides and thiolsulfinates by both rabbit liver microsomes and a reconstituted system with purified cytochrome P-450. Both rabbit liver microsomes and reconstituted system with purified cytochrome P-450 and cofactors enzymatically oxidized o-dithiane (1, 2-dithiane), 3-methyl-o-dithiane, thia... | [
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PMID:26673 | New chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates for pyrrolidonyl peptidase. | L-Pyroglutamyl derivatives of p-nitroaniline and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin were synthesized as new sensitive substrates for pyrrolidonyl peptidase (pyrrolidonecarboxylyl peptidase) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Their hydrolyses could be followed by conventional colorimetric and fluorometric procedures; i.e., in terms... | New chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates for pyrrolidonyl peptidase. L-Pyroglutamyl derivatives of p-nitroaniline and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin were synthesized as new sensitive substrates for pyrrolidonyl peptidase (pyrrolidonecarboxylyl peptidase) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Their hydrolyses could be followed ... | [
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PMID:26674 | Acceptor specificity of ATP:nucleoside-5'-phosphate pyrophosphotransferase from Streptomyces adephospholyticus. Synthesis of the 3'-pyrophosphates of pyrimidine nucleotides, some oligoribonucleotides, 5'-diphosphonucleosidic coenzymes and mG-5'-ppp-5'-Am. | ATP: nucleoside-5'-phosphate pyrophosphotransferase [EC 2.7.6.4] of Streptomyces adephospholyticus synthesizes not only 3'-pyrophosphates of 5'-purine ribomononucleotides but also those of pyrimidine mononucleotides, some short oligonucleotides, a variety of 5'-diphosphonucleosidic coenzymes and mG-5'-ppp-5'-Am. | Acceptor specificity of ATP:nucleoside-5'-phosphate pyrophosphotransferase from Streptomyces adephospholyticus. Synthesis of the 3'-pyrophosphates of pyrimidine nucleotides, some oligoribonucleotides, 5'-diphosphonucleosidic coenzymes and mG-5'-ppp-5'-Am. ATP: nucleoside-5'-phosphate pyrophosphotransferase [EC 2.7.6.4]... | [
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PMID:26675 | Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase in cultured rat liver cells. | Alkaline phosphatase has been purified from cultured rat liver cells by butanol extraction, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and on Sephadex G-200, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By electrophoresis on polyacrylamide, the purified enzyme was resolved into two active forms. Both forms have sim... | Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase in cultured rat liver cells. Alkaline phosphatase has been purified from cultured rat liver cells by butanol extraction, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and on Sephadex G-200, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By electrophoresis on poly... | [
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PMID:26676 | Purification of lysophospholipase of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its properties. | Lysophospholipase [EC 3.1.1.5] was solubilized from the cells of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with Triton X-100 and purified by the following procedure; precipitation with ammonium sulfate, acid treatment and ion exchange column chromatography using DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and CM-cellulose, successively. The pur... | Purification of lysophospholipase of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its properties. Lysophospholipase [EC 3.1.1.5] was solubilized from the cells of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with Triton X-100 and purified by the following procedure; precipitation with ammonium sulfate, acid treatment and ion exchange column chromatography ... | [
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PMID:26677 | Studies on the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid from putrescine in rat organs and purification of its synthetic enzyme from rat intestine. | The formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from putrescine was examined in organs of rats using radioactive putrescine. Radioactive GABA was detected in all the organs of a rat injected intraperitoneally with radioactive putrescine, and the highest radioactivity of GABA was observed in the small intestine. The enz... | Studies on the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid from putrescine in rat organs and purification of its synthetic enzyme from rat intestine. The formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from putrescine was examined in organs of rats using radioactive putrescine. Radioactive GABA was detected in all the organs of a... | [
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PMID:26678 | Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase from plasma membranes of rat ascites hepatoma. | Alkaline phosphatase was purified from plasma membranes of rat ascites hepatoma AH-130, the homogenate of which had 50-fold higher specific activity than that found in the liver homogenate. The presence of Triton X-100, 0.5%, was essential to avoid its aggregation and to stabilize its activity. The purified enzyme, a g... | Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase from plasma membranes of rat ascites hepatoma. Alkaline phosphatase was purified from plasma membranes of rat ascites hepatoma AH-130, the homogenate of which had 50-fold higher specific activity than that found in the liver homogenate. The presence of Triton X-... | [
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PMID:26679 | Monomer-dimer equilibria of a Bence Jones protein and its variable fragment. | The circular dichroic (CD) spectra of a type lambda Bence Jones protein (Tod), its variable (VL) fragment, and the constant (CL) fragment of a type lambda protein (Nag) were measured under various conditions. In the pH region from 5.5 to 7.5, the CD spectra of Tod protein with intact interchain disulfide bond (L(SS)) a... | Monomer-dimer equilibria of a Bence Jones protein and its variable fragment. The circular dichroic (CD) spectra of a type lambda Bence Jones protein (Tod), its variable (VL) fragment, and the constant (CL) fragment of a type lambda protein (Nag) were measured under various conditions. In the pH region from 5.5 to 7.5, ... | [
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PMID:26680 | A novel magnesium-independent neutral sphingomyelinase associated with rat central nervous system meylin. | Purified myelin fractions prepared from young adult rat brain contain a novel sphingomyelinase which has a pH optimum of 7.0 and does not require divalent cations. This sphingomyelinase is different from the two previously known sphingomyelinases in the brain--the acidic sphingomyelinase and the magnesium-dependent neu... | A novel magnesium-independent neutral sphingomyelinase associated with rat central nervous system meylin. Purified myelin fractions prepared from young adult rat brain contain a novel sphingomyelinase which has a pH optimum of 7.0 and does not require divalent cations. This sphingomyelinase is different from the two pr... | [
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PMID:26682 | 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase. Purification and molecular characterization of the phenylalanine-sensitive isoenzyme from Escherichia coli. | The phenylalanine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (7-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate D-erythrose-4-phosphate lyase (pyruvate phosphorylating), EC 4.2.1.15) was purified to apparent homogeneity from extracts of Escherichia coli K12. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 140,000 a... | 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase. Purification and molecular characterization of the phenylalanine-sensitive isoenzyme from Escherichia coli. The phenylalanine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (7-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate D-erythrose-4-phosphate lyase (... | [
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PMID:26685 | The protonmotive force and beta-galactoside transport in Bacillus acidocaldarius. | The acidophilic and thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus acidocaldarius maintains a cytoplasmic pH between 5.85 and 6.31 over a range of external pH from 2.0 to 4.5. Consistently, the pH optimum of beta-galactosidase, as assayed in cell extracts, is between pH 6.0 and 6.5. An electrical potential (delta-psi), interior posi... | The protonmotive force and beta-galactoside transport in Bacillus acidocaldarius. The acidophilic and thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus acidocaldarius maintains a cytoplasmic pH between 5.85 and 6.31 over a range of external pH from 2.0 to 4.5. Consistently, the pH optimum of beta-galactosidase, as assayed in cell extra... | [
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PMID:26686 | The effect of pH on the cooperative behavior of aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli. | Saturation curves of activity versus concentration were determined for aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli (EC 2.1.3.2) for the substrate L-aspartate at saturating carbamyl phosphate (4.8 mM) in buffered solution at pH values from 6.0 to 12.0. Hill coefficients were obtained from the sigmoidal curves. At p... | The effect of pH on the cooperative behavior of aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli. Saturation curves of activity versus concentration were determined for aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli (EC 2.1.3.2) for the substrate L-aspartate at saturating carbamyl phosphate (4.8 mM) in buffered solut... | [
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PMID:26687 | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Purification and some properties. | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was purified from rabbit small intestine to apparent homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. The native enzyme was a monomeric protein of a molecular weight of 41,000 +/- 1,000 with an s020,w value of 3.45 S. It had a relative abundance... | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Purification and some properties. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was purified from rabbit small intestine to apparent homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. The native enzyme was a monomeric protein of a molecular weight of 41,000 +/- 1,... | [
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PMID:26689 | Isolation of plasma and nuclear membranes of thymocytes. I. Enzymatic composition and ultrastructure. | The purpose of this work was to isolate thymocyte plasma membranes at high yield and purity to study specific surface molecules in their structural context. A procedure was developed in which 92-95% of the cells were disrupted by homogenization in a dense viscous medium, while nuclei remained intact. Differential centr... | Isolation of plasma and nuclear membranes of thymocytes. I. Enzymatic composition and ultrastructure. The purpose of this work was to isolate thymocyte plasma membranes at high yield and purity to study specific surface molecules in their structural context. A procedure was developed in which 92-95% of the cells were d... | [
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PMID:26690 | Localization of D-amino acid oxidase on the cell surface of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | The ultrastructural localization of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) was studied cytochemically by detecting sites of hydrogen peroxide production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Reaction product, which forms when cerous ions react with H2O2 to form an electron-dense precipitate, was demonstrated on the cell su... | Localization of D-amino acid oxidase on the cell surface of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The ultrastructural localization of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) was studied cytochemically by detecting sites of hydrogen peroxide production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Reaction product, which forms when ce... | [
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PMID:26691 | A simplified assay of furosemide in plasma and urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. | A simplified high-pressure liquid chromatograhic method for determination of furosemide in plasma and urine has been developed using a fluorometric detector directly coupled to the column effluent. The method includes an ether extraction from acidified biologic samples. The mobile phase used for chromatography on a rev... | A simplified assay of furosemide in plasma and urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. A simplified high-pressure liquid chromatograhic method for determination of furosemide in plasma and urine has been developed using a fluorometric detector directly coupled to the column effluent. The method includes an ether ... | [
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PMID:26692 | High-voltage paper electrophoretic assay for guanyl cyclase. | A simple, sensitive and rapid technique is described, permitting separation of cGMP from GMP, GDP and GTP by the use of unidirectional high-voltage paper electrophoresis. The recovery of labeled cGMP in the assay of guanyl cyclase, by this procedure is 85-90%; the blank values (no enzyme) are negligible. | High-voltage paper electrophoretic assay for guanyl cyclase. A simple, sensitive and rapid technique is described, permitting separation of cGMP from GMP, GDP and GTP by the use of unidirectional high-voltage paper electrophoresis. The recovery of labeled cGMP in the assay of guanyl cyclase, by this procedure is 85-90%... | [
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PMID:26693 | Gentamicin-blood agar for isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from respiratory secretions. | Previous studies have suggested that the yield of Streptococcus pneumoniae from respiratory secretions can be increased by using a 5% sheep blood agar plate supplemented with 5 microgram of gentamicin (GBA) per ml. We report our experience with 245 lower respiratory specimens in which this method was compared with 5% s... | Gentamicin-blood agar for isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from respiratory secretions. Previous studies have suggested that the yield of Streptococcus pneumoniae from respiratory secretions can be increased by using a 5% sheep blood agar plate supplemented with 5 microgram of gentamicin (GBA) per ml. We report ou... | [
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PMID:26694 | Diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia by antigen detection in sputum. | Pneumococcal polysaccharide was detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the sputum of 20 of 26 (77%) adults with community-acquired pneumonia and a positive sputum culture for Streptococcus pneumoniae. The test was negative in 29 pneumonia patients with negative sputum culture for S. pneumoniae. Pneumococcal antige... | Diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia by antigen detection in sputum. Pneumococcal polysaccharide was detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the sputum of 20 of 26 (77%) adults with community-acquired pneumonia and a positive sputum culture for Streptococcus pneumoniae. The test was negative in 29 pneumonia patients... | [
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PMID:26695 | Superoxide generation by digitonin-stimulated guinea pig granulocytes. A basis for a continuous assay for monitoring superoxide production and for the study of the activation of the generating system. | Stimulation of guinea pig granolocytes by digitonin results in superoxide (O-2) generation. A continuous assay shows that there is a lag between the addition of digitonin and the onset of O-2 production. The rate of activation of the O-2 generating system is dependent upon the concentration of digitonin and the tempera... | Superoxide generation by digitonin-stimulated guinea pig granulocytes. A basis for a continuous assay for monitoring superoxide production and for the study of the activation of the generating system. Stimulation of guinea pig granolocytes by digitonin results in superoxide (O-2) generation. A continuous assay shows th... | [
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PMID:26696 | Inhibition of the bicarbonate exit step in urinary acidification by a disulfonic stilbene. | Acidification of the luminal solution by the isolated turtle bladder involves H(+) secretion by a pump at the luminal membrane. The OH(-) dissociated in this process reacts with CO(2) and forms HCO(3) (-) which moves passively out of the cell across the serosal cell membrane. In the present study, this exit step for HC... | Inhibition of the bicarbonate exit step in urinary acidification by a disulfonic stilbene. Acidification of the luminal solution by the isolated turtle bladder involves H(+) secretion by a pump at the luminal membrane. The OH(-) dissociated in this process reacts with CO(2) and forms HCO(3) (-) which moves passively ou... | [
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PMID:26697 | An androgen binding protein in the testicular cytosol of human testis. Comparison with human plasma testosterone-estrogen binding globulin. | After removal of plasma contamination, an androgen binding protein (hABP) was detected in a 105,000-g supernate of human testicular homogenate. The physicochemical properties of hABP have been compared with a similar androgen binding protein in human plasma, testosterone-estrogen binding globulin (TeBG). hABP had high ... | An androgen binding protein in the testicular cytosol of human testis. Comparison with human plasma testosterone-estrogen binding globulin. After removal of plasma contamination, an androgen binding protein (hABP) was detected in a 105,000-g supernate of human testicular homogenate. The physicochemical properties of hA... | [
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PMID:26702 | Relationship between phosphorylation of tyrosine aminotransferase and regulation of its synthesis by cyclic AMP and hormones. | Tyrosine adminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) has been found to be phosphorylated in intact rat hepatoma cells in culture. Incorporation of [32p]i into the enzyme is rapid and is exclusively found as phosphoserine. Cycloheximide treatment reduced phosphorylation of the aminotransferase only slightly and in the presence of th... | Relationship between phosphorylation of tyrosine aminotransferase and regulation of its synthesis by cyclic AMP and hormones. Tyrosine adminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) has been found to be phosphorylated in intact rat hepatoma cells in culture. Incorporation of [32p]i into the enzyme is rapid and is exclusively found as ... | [
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PMID:26703 | The stimulation by catecholamines of guanylate cyclase activity in a cell-free system. | Cytosolic guanylate cylase activity in cell-free preparations of the rabbit renal cortex was increased 3- to 5-fold by catecholamines. The plasma membrane-bound enzyme was not activated, although hormone receptors were present. Stimulation was augmented by NaN3, which by itself had little effect on the soluble enzyme a... | The stimulation by catecholamines of guanylate cyclase activity in a cell-free system. Cytosolic guanylate cylase activity in cell-free preparations of the rabbit renal cortex was increased 3- to 5-fold by catecholamines. The plasma membrane-bound enzyme was not activated, although hormone receptors were present. Stimu... | [
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PMID:26704 | gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase in lactating mammary secretory tissue of cow and rat. | Lactating cow and rat tissues were examined for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The specificity of the enzyme for various amino acid acceptors was determined for mammary tissue. The relative specific activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was high in cow mammary tissue and lower in rat mammary tissue in relation to t... | gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase in lactating mammary secretory tissue of cow and rat. Lactating cow and rat tissues were examined for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The specificity of the enzyme for various amino acid acceptors was determined for mammary tissue. The relative specific activity of gamma-glutamyl transpepti... | [
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PMID:26707 | Effect of endosulfan on drug metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rat. | The influence of endosulfan, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, on rat hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation has been explored in the present study. Total liver weight was significantly increased after endosulfan administration at both dose levels (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight) without affecting... | Effect of endosulfan on drug metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rat. The influence of endosulfan, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, on rat hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation has been explored in the present study. Total liver weight was significantly increased after endosulfan adm... | [
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PMID:26709 | Onchocerca sweetae (Nematoda: Filarioidea): notes on the intermediate host. | Microfilariae of Onchocerca sweetae are broadly distributed in the superficial layers of the dermis of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). A total of 2855 insects representing 20 species were collected from O. sweetae-infected bait buffaloes. Only one species, Culicoides sp. "M", ingested microfilariae from buffalo sk... | Onchocerca sweetae (Nematoda: Filarioidea): notes on the intermediate host. Microfilariae of Onchocerca sweetae are broadly distributed in the superficial layers of the dermis of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). A total of 2855 insects representing 20 species were collected from O. sweetae-infected bait buffaloes. ... | [
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PMID:26717 | Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatases in rat incisor odontoblasts. | The localization of alkaline phosphatases in dentinogenically active rat incisor odontoblasts was studied by means of subcellular fractionation and electron microscopical histochemistry. Subcellular fractionation revealed the predominant phosphatase activity to be present in the microsome fraction and to a lesser exten... | Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatases in rat incisor odontoblasts. The localization of alkaline phosphatases in dentinogenically active rat incisor odontoblasts was studied by means of subcellular fractionation and electron microscopical histochemistry. Subcellular fractionation revealed the predominant... | [
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PMID:26718 | Deposition of IgM and complement at the dermoepidermal junction in acute and chronic cutaneous graft-vs-host disease in man. | The presence of cutaneous immunoglobulin and complement was investigated in 88 patients with and without graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) after transplantation of bone marrow from HLA identical siblings for the treatment of acute leukemia or aplastic anemia. For comparison, skin biopsies from the patients obtained before t... | Deposition of IgM and complement at the dermoepidermal junction in acute and chronic cutaneous graft-vs-host disease in man. The presence of cutaneous immunoglobulin and complement was investigated in 88 patients with and without graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) after transplantation of bone marrow from HLA identical sibli... | [
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PMID:26719 | Pharmacologic control of the hormonally modulated immune response. III. Prolongation of allogeneic skin graft rejection and prevention of runt disease by a combination of drugs acting on neuroendocrine functions. | A recently developed pharmacologic means for suppressing acquired immunity by drugs acting on neuroendocrine regulation has been applied to transplantation immune reactions. A number of drugs have been tested singly and in combination for their capacity to suppress the immune response of mice grafted with allogeneic sk... | Pharmacologic control of the hormonally modulated immune response. III. Prolongation of allogeneic skin graft rejection and prevention of runt disease by a combination of drugs acting on neuroendocrine functions. A recently developed pharmacologic means for suppressing acquired immunity by drugs acting on neuroendocrin... | [
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PMID:26723 | Antibody response to capsular polysaccharide vaccine of Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with nephrotic syndrome. | Twenty-three normal subjects and 19 patients with nephrotic syndrome were vaccinated with tridecavalent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The antibody response of the nephrotic patients to pneumococcal capsular antigens was equal to that of the control subjects. These findings in... | Antibody response to capsular polysaccharide vaccine of Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Twenty-three normal subjects and 19 patients with nephrotic syndrome were vaccinated with tridecavalent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The antibody response of... | [
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PMID:26727 | Vulnerability of keto bile acids to alkaline hydrolysis. | Rigorous alkaline hydrolysis of the two primary (cholic and chenodeoxycholic) and of the two preponderant secondary (deoxycholic and lithocholic) bile acids found in bile led to excellent recoveries. Such was not the case with 11 different keto bile acid standards. Recoveries for a number of standards were unacceptably... | Vulnerability of keto bile acids to alkaline hydrolysis. Rigorous alkaline hydrolysis of the two primary (cholic and chenodeoxycholic) and of the two preponderant secondary (deoxycholic and lithocholic) bile acids found in bile led to excellent recoveries. Such was not the case with 11 different keto bile acid standard... | [
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PMID:26728 | Binding of [3H]ouabain to split frog skin: the role of the Na,K-ATPase in the generation of short circuit current. | The binding of [3H]ouabain to the serosal side was studied in a chambered preparation of frog skin, free of connective tissue, while the short circuit (Isc) was concurrently monitored. Both ouabain binding and Isc inhibition proceeded as hyperbolic functions of time. A plot of the number of ouabain molecules bound vs. ... | Binding of [3H]ouabain to split frog skin: the role of the Na,K-ATPase in the generation of short circuit current. The binding of [3H]ouabain to the serosal side was studied in a chambered preparation of frog skin, free of connective tissue, while the short circuit (Isc) was concurrently monitored. Both ouabain binding... | [
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PMID:26730 | Preferences by deer mice for solutions of sugars, salts, and acids in Richter-type drinking tests. | Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were tested for taste preferences in 48-hour, Richter-type drinking tests (sapid solution versus distilled water). The Ss, which were seven male and seven female wild adults, were individually housed within an environmental chamber. Test solutions were concentrations of five sugars an... | Preferences by deer mice for solutions of sugars, salts, and acids in Richter-type drinking tests. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were tested for taste preferences in 48-hour, Richter-type drinking tests (sapid solution versus distilled water). The Ss, which were seven male and seven female wild adults, were indivi... | [
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PMID:26734 | Effect on the Cushing response of different rates of expansion of a supratentorial mass. | The effects on the three components (respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate) of the Cushing response (CR) were studied in cats by the continuous expansion of a supratentorial balloon. The rate of expansion was varied over the range of 0.006 to 0.6 ml/min, during whic systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, respira... | Effect on the Cushing response of different rates of expansion of a supratentorial mass. The effects on the three components (respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate) of the Cushing response (CR) were studied in cats by the continuous expansion of a supratentorial balloon. The rate of expansion was varied over the ... | [
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PMID:26735 | Bacterial etiology of otitis media during the first six weeks of life. | Tympanocentesis was performed on 70 infants who had otitis media during the first six weeks of life. The bacteria isolated from their middle-ear effusions were Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 patients), Neisseria catarrhalis (11 patients), Hemophilus influenzae (ten patients), Enterobacteriaceae (four patients), Staphyloc... | Bacterial etiology of otitis media during the first six weeks of life. Tympanocentesis was performed on 70 infants who had otitis media during the first six weeks of life. The bacteria isolated from their middle-ear effusions were Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 patients), Neisseria catarrhalis (11 patients), Hemophilus i... | [
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PMID:26736 | In vivo and in vitro excystation of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda) metacercariae and histochemical observations on the cyst. | Encysted metacercariae of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda) excyst within 2 hr postexposure in the lower ileum of the domestic chick. Optimal in vitro excystation of this species occurs following pretreatment of the cyst for 15 min in 1% acidified pepsin, treatment in 0.02 M sodium dithionite (a reductant) for 1 to 2 min a... | In vivo and in vitro excystation of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda) metacercariae and histochemical observations on the cyst. Encysted metacercariae of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda) excyst within 2 hr postexposure in the lower ileum of the domestic chick. Optimal in vitro excystation of this species occurs following pret... | [
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PMID:26737 | Studies with Brugia pahangi 17. The anthelmintic effects of diethylcarbamazine. | Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was active in vitro against infective larvae and microfilariae of Brugia pahangi but only at high concentrations. When fed to mosquitoes which were infected with B. pahangi it had little or no activity. In jirds it was inactive against B. pahangi microfilariae and adults when administered at 30... | Studies with Brugia pahangi 17. The anthelmintic effects of diethylcarbamazine. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was active in vitro against infective larvae and microfilariae of Brugia pahangi but only at high concentrations. When fed to mosquitoes which were infected with B. pahangi it had little or no activity. In jirds it ... | [
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PMID:26739 | Tryptamine-induced drug effects insensitive to serotoninergic antagonists: evidence of specific tryptaminergic receptor stimulation? | The drug effects of tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptopham (5-HTP) in the rabbit were compared following monoamine oxidase inhibition and various drug pretreatments. Both agents evoked hyperthermia and behavioural excitation; tryptamine but not 5-HTP also produced forepaw clonic activity. Serotoninergic receptor blockers a... | Tryptamine-induced drug effects insensitive to serotoninergic antagonists: evidence of specific tryptaminergic receptor stimulation? The drug effects of tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptopham (5-HTP) in the rabbit were compared following monoamine oxidase inhibition and various drug pretreatments. Both agents evoked hypert... | [
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PMID:26740 | Rectal absorption of homatropine [14C]methylbromide in the rat. | Homatropine[14C]methylbromide (HMB-14C) was administered to rats by intramuscular injection, oral gavage and rectal suppository. Plasma concentration of 14C were measured over the subsequent 12 h. Peak plasma concentrations were higher and achieved more rapidly after rectal administration than by the other routes wheth... | Rectal absorption of homatropine [14C]methylbromide in the rat. Homatropine[14C]methylbromide (HMB-14C) was administered to rats by intramuscular injection, oral gavage and rectal suppository. Plasma concentration of 14C were measured over the subsequent 12 h. Peak plasma concentrations were higher and achieved more ra... | [
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PMID:26741 | The mechanism of the hypothermic effect of amantadine in rats and mice. | Amantadine (25--100 mg kg-1, i.p.) given to rats at an ambient temperature of 4 degrees, or mice at 21 degrees, caused a marked fall in rectal temperature. Prior administration of pimozide (1--2 mg kg-1, s.c.) did not block hypothermia due to amantadine in rats or mice; in contrast, hypothermia due to apomorphine (2 mg... | The mechanism of the hypothermic effect of amantadine in rats and mice. Amantadine (25--100 mg kg-1, i.p.) given to rats at an ambient temperature of 4 degrees, or mice at 21 degrees, caused a marked fall in rectal temperature. Prior administration of pimozide (1--2 mg kg-1, s.c.) did not block hypothermia due to amant... | [
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PMID:26742 | Some pharmacological actions of acetylsecohemicholinium. | The effects of the acetylated derivative of HC-3 (acetylsecohemicholinium; AcHC-3) have been studied at cholinergic nerve terminals and compared with the effects of the parent compound. AcHC-3 blocked neuromuscular transmission in nerve-muscle preparations; it was shown to be less effective than HC-3 in producing a pre... | Some pharmacological actions of acetylsecohemicholinium. The effects of the acetylated derivative of HC-3 (acetylsecohemicholinium; AcHC-3) have been studied at cholinergic nerve terminals and compared with the effects of the parent compound. AcHC-3 blocked neuromuscular transmission in nerve-muscle preparations; it wa... | [
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PMID:26743 | A mammalian muscle with the pharmacological characteristics of slow tonic muscle. | The guinea-pig isolated cremaster muscle gave tetrodotoxin-resistant dose-related contractures with acetylcholine, carbachol and the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. The dose-response curve to suxamethonium in tetrodotoxin 2 X 10(-7)M could be shifted to the right with tubocurarine 10(-6)M. KCl, 0.1M, produc... | A mammalian muscle with the pharmacological characteristics of slow tonic muscle. The guinea-pig isolated cremaster muscle gave tetrodotoxin-resistant dose-related contractures with acetylcholine, carbachol and the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. The dose-response curve to suxamethonium in tetrodotoxin 2 X ... | [
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PMID:26744 | Effect of carbenoxolone on lipolysis in rat adipose tissue. | Carbenoxolone slightly but significantly decreased the release of FFA from rat epididymal fat pads. The antilipolytic action of carbenoxolone was not blocked by 10(-3)M 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. The findings suggest that carbenoxolone exerts its antilipolytic activity by acti... | Effect of carbenoxolone on lipolysis in rat adipose tissue. Carbenoxolone slightly but significantly decreased the release of FFA from rat epididymal fat pads. The antilipolytic action of carbenoxolone was not blocked by 10(-3)M 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. The findings suggest ... | [
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PMID:26745 | The inhibition by clorgyline of 5-hydroxytryptamine deamination by the rat liver. | The inhibition of the monoamine oxidase activity in the rat liver by the substrate selective inhibitor clorgyline has been investigated with 5-hydroxytryptamine as substrate. The results obtained are consistent with a theoretical model whereby the inhibition of enzyme activity by clorgyline follows a reversible associa... | The inhibition by clorgyline of 5-hydroxytryptamine deamination by the rat liver. The inhibition of the monoamine oxidase activity in the rat liver by the substrate selective inhibitor clorgyline has been investigated with 5-hydroxytryptamine as substrate. The results obtained are consistent with a theoretical model wh... | [
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PMID:26761 | Interaction of cortisol-21-palmitate with liposomes examined by differential scanning calorimetry. | Liposomes have been suggested as carriers for corticosteroids in the local treatment of arthritis by intra-articular injection. The long chain 21-esters of cortisol such as the palmitate or octanoate are taken up and retained by liposomes in higher concentration than cortisol itself. Differential scanning calorimetry h... | Interaction of cortisol-21-palmitate with liposomes examined by differential scanning calorimetry. Liposomes have been suggested as carriers for corticosteroids in the local treatment of arthritis by intra-articular injection. The long chain 21-esters of cortisol such as the palmitate or octanoate are taken up and reta... | [
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PMID:26762 | The measurement of the adhesion of film coatings to tablet surfaces: the effect of tablet porosity, surface roughness and film thickness. | The effect of tablet porosity, surface roughness and film thickness on the adhesion of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose films to placebo tablet substrates have been studied using a specially designed tensile tester (Fisher & Rowe, 4976). There were direct relations between measured adhesion and tablet porosity and al... | The measurement of the adhesion of film coatings to tablet surfaces: the effect of tablet porosity, surface roughness and film thickness. The effect of tablet porosity, surface roughness and film thickness on the adhesion of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose films to placebo tablet substrates have been studied using a spe... | [
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PMID:26763 | On methods of expressing dissolution rate data. | The value of the Weibull, logarithmic-logistic, and logarithmic-normal plots in expressing dissolution rate data is considered for the combinations of zero and first-order release with sink and non-sink conditions, and for actual dissolution rate data of diazepam from tablets in a medium of pH2. | On methods of expressing dissolution rate data. The value of the Weibull, logarithmic-logistic, and logarithmic-normal plots in expressing dissolution rate data is considered for the combinations of zero and first-order release with sink and non-sink conditions, and for actual dissolution rate data of diazepam from tab... | [
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PMID:26765 | Correlation of physicochemical properties with absorption and metabolism of some tricyclic drugs. | Octanol and dodecane partition coefficients, surface activity and adsorbability to activated charcoal were determined for six tricyclic psychotropic drugs with N-dimethylalkyl side chains. Surface activity correlated well with the partition coefficients, and all drugs obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A correlat... | Correlation of physicochemical properties with absorption and metabolism of some tricyclic drugs. Octanol and dodecane partition coefficients, surface activity and adsorbability to activated charcoal were determined for six tricyclic psychotropic drugs with N-dimethylalkyl side chains. Surface activity correlated well ... | [
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PMID:26766 | Investigation of possible interactions between substance P and transmitter mechanisms in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum of the rat. | The effect of substnace P (SP) on the uptake and release of radiolabelled dopamine (3H-DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (3H-5-HT) and y-aminobutyric acid (3H-GABA) was studied in slices of rat substantia nigra and corpus triatum. SP, 10(-9) to 10(-5) m, failed to modify the uptakes of these compounds during incubations (10-90 ... | Investigation of possible interactions between substance P and transmitter mechanisms in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum of the rat. The effect of substnace P (SP) on the uptake and release of radiolabelled dopamine (3H-DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (3H-5-HT) and y-aminobutyric acid (3H-GABA) was studied in slices ... | [
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PMID:26767 | Quisqualamine, a novel gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) related depressant amino acid. | A new substnace, quisqualamine, the decarboxylated analogue of quisqualic acid, predictably depressed electrical activity of neurons of the frog and rat spinal cord in vitro and of the mouse spinal cord in vivo. In the in vitro preparations, the action of quisqualamine was associated with a prolonged depolarization of ... | Quisqualamine, a novel gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) related depressant amino acid. A new substnace, quisqualamine, the decarboxylated analogue of quisqualic acid, predictably depressed electrical activity of neurons of the frog and rat spinal cord in vitro and of the mouse spinal cord in vivo. In the in vitro prepara... | [
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PMID:26768 | Rat brain and serum lithium concentrations after acute injections of lithium carbonate and orotate. | Eight hours after intraperitoneal injections of 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0m equiv Li kg-1, the serum and brain lithium concentrations of rats were significantly greater after lithium orotate than after lithium carbonate. While little serum lithium remained at 24 h after injection of 2.0 m equiv kg-1 lithium carbonate, two-third... | Rat brain and serum lithium concentrations after acute injections of lithium carbonate and orotate. Eight hours after intraperitoneal injections of 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0m equiv Li kg-1, the serum and brain lithium concentrations of rats were significantly greater after lithium orotate than after lithium carbonate. While li... | [
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PMID:26769 | Corticosterone concentrations in mice during ethanol drinking and withdrawal. | Consumption of an ethanol-containing diet by mice resulted in a significant increase in circulating concentrations of corticosterone which was maintained for 8 days. There were no changes in the concentrations of plasma corticosterone binding globulin. Ethanol withdrawal symptoms followed the removal of ethanol from th... | Corticosterone concentrations in mice during ethanol drinking and withdrawal. Consumption of an ethanol-containing diet by mice resulted in a significant increase in circulating concentrations of corticosterone which was maintained for 8 days. There were no changes in the concentrations of plasma corticosterone binding... | [
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PMID:26770 | Antidotal effects of dimethyl sulphoxide against paracetamol-, bromobenzene-, and thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. | In mice the hepatotoxic effects of paracetamol (0.5-1.0 g kg-1, orally) as evidenced by increased serum enzyme activities of the aminotransferases and sorbitol dehydrogenase were dose-dependently inhibited by simultaneous treatment with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO 0,25-1.0 g kg-1, i.p.). DMSO was also active against brom... | Antidotal effects of dimethyl sulphoxide against paracetamol-, bromobenzene-, and thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. In mice the hepatotoxic effects of paracetamol (0.5-1.0 g kg-1, orally) as evidenced by increased serum enzyme activities of the aminotransferases and sorbitol dehydrogenase were dose-dependently inhi... | [
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PMID:26786 | Rearrangement of N-benzyl-2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamide. | The reduction of N-benzyl-2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamide resulted in the formation of N-benzyl-1,2-ethanediamine and N-benzyl-N'-methyl-1,2-ethanediamine in approximately an equimolar ratio. The formation of the two unexpected products is explained by the migration of a cyano group in a Beckmann-type rearrangement. | Rearrangement of N-benzyl-2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamide. The reduction of N-benzyl-2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamide resulted in the formation of N-benzyl-1,2-ethanediamine and N-benzyl-N'-methyl-1,2-ethanediamine in approximately an equimolar ratio. The formation of the two unexpected products is explained by the ... | [
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PMID:26787 | Interaction of tricyclic antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs with 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid. | The binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid to selected tricyclic antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The acid exhibited an increase in fluorescence intensity accompanied by a hypsochromic shift of the emission lambdamax in the presence of these drugs. These fluoresc... | Interaction of tricyclic antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs with 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid. The binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid to selected tricyclic antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The acid exhibited an increase in fluorescence intensity a... | [
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PMID:26788 | Solubility studies of silver sulfonamides. | The solubilities of silver sulfapyridine, silver sulfamethazine, and silver sulfamethizole as a function of pH were determined in nitric acid-potassium nitrate, acetate, and sulfonic acid buffers. All silver sulfonamides showed an increase in solubility with increasing hydrogen-ion concentration, a behavior which close... | Solubility studies of silver sulfonamides. The solubilities of silver sulfapyridine, silver sulfamethazine, and silver sulfamethizole as a function of pH were determined in nitric acid-potassium nitrate, acetate, and sulfonic acid buffers. All silver sulfonamides showed an increase in solubility with increasing hydroge... | [
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PMID:26789 | Ketonic oxidation products of cyclobarbital. | Chemical or biochemical oxidation of cyclobarbital yielded 5-(3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethyl -2,4,6,- (1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione, and photochemical oxidation gave 5-(6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethyl-2,4,6-(1H,3H,3H)-pyrimidinetrione. These compounds were isolated and purified by TLC, and their structures were determ... | Ketonic oxidation products of cyclobarbital. Chemical or biochemical oxidation of cyclobarbital yielded 5-(3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethyl -2,4,6,- (1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione, and photochemical oxidation gave 5-(6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethyl-2,4,6-(1H,3H,3H)-pyrimidinetrione. These compounds were isolated and puri... | [
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PMID:26790 | Colorimetric determination of nadolol in tablets. | Nadolol was extracted from tablet excipients with an acidic potassium chloride solution. The drug was oxidized with periodic acid, and the resulting aldehyde was reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form the corresponding hydrazone. Excess reagent was removed with a cupric chloride solution. The hydrazone was ext... | Colorimetric determination of nadolol in tablets. Nadolol was extracted from tablet excipients with an acidic potassium chloride solution. The drug was oxidized with periodic acid, and the resulting aldehyde was reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form the corresponding hydrazone. Excess reagent was removed with... | [
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PMID:26791 | Possible ion-pair-mediated absorption of mixidine I: partitioning and lethality studies. | Mixidine, a very soluble base which is completely ionized in all physiological fluids, was found to form ion-pairs as demonstrated by its ability to partition into 1-butanol from acidic solutions. A similar relationship was observed for the effect of acids on the absorption of intraduodenally and orally administered so... | Possible ion-pair-mediated absorption of mixidine I: partitioning and lethality studies. Mixidine, a very soluble base which is completely ionized in all physiological fluids, was found to form ion-pairs as demonstrated by its ability to partition into 1-butanol from acidic solutions. A similar relationship was observe... | [
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PMID:26792 | Possible ion-pair-mediated absorption of mixidine II: plasma levels and histology. | Plasma intact 14C-mixidine levels in rats increased when the drug was administered intraduodenally with 1:3 and 1:5 molar ratios of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid. Upon histological examination of the duodenums, similar doses of mixidine combined with 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid produced no dose-related lesions. These and p... | Possible ion-pair-mediated absorption of mixidine II: plasma levels and histology. Plasma intact 14C-mixidine levels in rats increased when the drug was administered intraduodenally with 1:3 and 1:5 molar ratios of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid. Upon histological examination of the duodenums, similar doses of mixidine com... | [
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PMID:26793 | Simple GLC analysis of anticonvulsant drugs in commercial dosage forms. | A simple, specific GLC procedure is described for the analysis of one sedative and six anticonvulsant drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Sample aliquots of ethotoin, glutethimide, mephenytoin, methsuximide, and phensuximide were shaken with or extracted into ethyl acetate, diluted with the internal standard (dipheny... | Simple GLC analysis of anticonvulsant drugs in commercial dosage forms. A simple, specific GLC procedure is described for the analysis of one sedative and six anticonvulsant drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Sample aliquots of ethotoin, glutethimide, mephenytoin, methsuximide, and phensuximide were shaken with or e... | [
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PMID:26794 | Effects of patulin on the kinetics of substrate and cationic ligand activation of adenosine triphosphatase in mouse brain. | Patulin (4-hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one), a carcinogenic lactone produced as a major metabolite by several fungi, inhibited the Mg++-dependent Na+-K+ activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of mouse brain microsomal fractions with an estimated IC50 of 3.0 X 10(-4) M. Inhibition was concentration d... | Effects of patulin on the kinetics of substrate and cationic ligand activation of adenosine triphosphatase in mouse brain. Patulin (4-hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one), a carcinogenic lactone produced as a major metabolite by several fungi, inhibited the Mg++-dependent Na+-K+ activated adenosine triphosphatase (AT... | [
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PMID:26795 | Beta adrenergic blockade, regional left ventricular blood flow and ST-segment elevation in canine experimental myocardial ischemia. | The effects of dl-propranolol, d-propranolol, dl-pindolol and dl-practolol on regional myocardial blood flow (assessed by means of tracer microspheres) and on ST-segment elevation in ischemic and nonischemic areas of the canine left ventricle have been investigated. dl-Propranolol and dl-pindolol, but not dl-practolol ... | Beta adrenergic blockade, regional left ventricular blood flow and ST-segment elevation in canine experimental myocardial ischemia. The effects of dl-propranolol, d-propranolol, dl-pindolol and dl-practolol on regional myocardial blood flow (assessed by means of tracer microspheres) and on ST-segment elevation in ische... | [
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PMID:26797 | Liberation of cyanide from alpha-aminonitriles relative to amygdalin. | A series of aminoitriles have been synthesized and studied whose nonenzymatic dissociation with release of cyanide may be varied by modest alteration of their molecular structure from that obtained with nonenzymatic dissociation of amygdalin to that obtained from enzymatic dissociation of amygdalin by substantial quant... | Liberation of cyanide from alpha-aminonitriles relative to amygdalin. A series of aminoitriles have been synthesized and studied whose nonenzymatic dissociation with release of cyanide may be varied by modest alteration of their molecular structure from that obtained with nonenzymatic dissociation of amygdalin to that ... | [
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PMID:26798 | Inhibition of sympathetic nervous system by histamine:studies with H1- and H2-receptor antagonists. | A study was designed to investigate the effect of histamine on sympathetic transmission to the myocardium in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Intravenous infusion of histamine (1.0 and 2.0 microgram/kg/min) produced dose-related decreases in blood pressure and caused significant impairment of cardioacceleration observe... | Inhibition of sympathetic nervous system by histamine:studies with H1- and H2-receptor antagonists. A study was designed to investigate the effect of histamine on sympathetic transmission to the myocardium in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Intravenous infusion of histamine (1.0 and 2.0 microgram/kg/min) produced dose... | [
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PMID:26800 | The role of peripheral catecholamines in oxotremorine tremor in the rat and its antagonism by beta adrenoceptor blocking agents. | Oxotremorine, 0.25 mg/kg, produces marked tremor in the rat, which is abolished by scopolamine, 0.5 mg/kg, and is substantially reduced in intensity and duration both by adrenalmedullectomy and by chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. Oxotremorine increases plasma norepinephrine from 0.62 +/- 0.07 to 3.01 +/- ... | The role of peripheral catecholamines in oxotremorine tremor in the rat and its antagonism by beta adrenoceptor blocking agents. Oxotremorine, 0.25 mg/kg, produces marked tremor in the rat, which is abolished by scopolamine, 0.5 mg/kg, and is substantially reduced in intensity and duration both by adrenalmedullectomy a... | [
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PMID:26804 | Synthesis and pharmacological activity and some derivatives of 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1,4-benzodiazepin-5-one. | 4-N-Alkylamino derivatives and corresponding ammonium quaternary salts of tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-5-one were synthesized and evaluated for psychotropic activity in mice by ip via. This study was also extended to some nitro and amino derivatives of tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-5-one. Compounds were devoid of tranqu... | Synthesis and pharmacological activity and some derivatives of 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1,4-benzodiazepin-5-one. 4-N-Alkylamino derivatives and corresponding ammonium quaternary salts of tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-5-one were synthesized and evaluated for psychotropic activity in mice by ip via. This study was a... | [
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PMID:26805 | A method for the isolation of Bacteroides melaninogenicus from the human mouth. | Isolation procedures involving the direct plating of specimens and the use of selective, non-selective, transport and enrichment media were compared in respect of their value for the recovery of Bacteroides melaninogenicus from the gingival sulcus. A selective medium containing kanamycin and vancomycin enhanced the rec... | A method for the isolation of Bacteroides melaninogenicus from the human mouth. Isolation procedures involving the direct plating of specimens and the use of selective, non-selective, transport and enrichment media were compared in respect of their value for the recovery of Bacteroides melaninogenicus from the gingival... | [
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PMID:26807 | Amino acid activation with adenosine 5'-phosphorimidazolide. | Amino acids are activated by reaction with adenosine 5'-phosphorimidazolide in aqueous imidazole buffers. If adenosine 5'-(O-methylphosphate), an analogue of the 3'-terminus of t-RNA is present, 2'(3')-O-aminoacyladenosine 5'-(O-methylphosphate) is formed. Fifteen percent of this compound accumulated at pH 5.8, but les... | Amino acid activation with adenosine 5'-phosphorimidazolide. Amino acids are activated by reaction with adenosine 5'-phosphorimidazolide in aqueous imidazole buffers. If adenosine 5'-(O-methylphosphate), an analogue of the 3'-terminus of t-RNA is present, 2'(3')-O-aminoacyladenosine 5'-(O-methylphosphate) is formed. Fi... | [
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PMID:26808 | Intracellular electrolytes in erythrocytes during and after shock: relation to impaired consciousness. | Of 32 patients in shock and catabolic state following shock with impaired consciousness 31 exhibited raised sodium content in their erythrocytes. On the assumption that the erythrocyte membrane acts the same as nerve cell membrane, the hypofunction of erythrocyte membrane may result in impaired consciousness. The hypof... | Intracellular electrolytes in erythrocytes during and after shock: relation to impaired consciousness. Of 32 patients in shock and catabolic state following shock with impaired consciousness 31 exhibited raised sodium content in their erythrocytes. On the assumption that the erythrocyte membrane acts the same as nerve ... | [
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PMID:26809 | Transfection of Streptococcus pneumoniae with bacteriophage DNA. | It was possible to transfect Streptococcus pneumoniae with DNA obtained from a newly isolated bacteriophage, diplophage-4 (Dp-4). Optimal frequency of transfection (0.9%) required the use of a nuclease-defective mutant; with wild-type bacteria, the transfection frequency was about 100-fold lower. Transfection requires ... | Transfection of Streptococcus pneumoniae with bacteriophage DNA. It was possible to transfect Streptococcus pneumoniae with DNA obtained from a newly isolated bacteriophage, diplophage-4 (Dp-4). Optimal frequency of transfection (0.9%) required the use of a nuclease-defective mutant; with wild-type bacteria, the transf... | [
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PMID:26810 | Helper-independent transformation by unintegrated Harvey sarcoma virus DNA. | We have studied the unintegrated infectious DNA of Harvey sarcoma virus (Ha-SV) and Moloney leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV). The source of infectious viral DNA was the Hirt supernatant fraction from cells acutely infected with Ha-SV and Mo-MuLV. To obtain a direct quantitative assay for infectious viral DNA, recipient mouse c... | Helper-independent transformation by unintegrated Harvey sarcoma virus DNA. We have studied the unintegrated infectious DNA of Harvey sarcoma virus (Ha-SV) and Moloney leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV). The source of infectious viral DNA was the Hirt supernatant fraction from cells acutely infected with Ha-SV and Mo-MuLV. To ob... | [
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PMID:26811 | Lymphangiography in patients with malignancy in a non-descended testicle. | Lymphangiography was performed on 23 patients with malignancy in non-descended testicles, 14 of whom had seminomatous and 9 non-seminomatous tumors. Lymph node metastases were shown by lymphangiography in 8 patients: 3 in lumbar nodes, 1 in iliac nodes alone and 4 in lumbar and iliac lymph nodes. Microscopic metastases... | Lymphangiography in patients with malignancy in a non-descended testicle. Lymphangiography was performed on 23 patients with malignancy in non-descended testicles, 14 of whom had seminomatous and 9 non-seminomatous tumors. Lymph node metastases were shown by lymphangiography in 8 patients: 3 in lumbar nodes, 1 in iliac... | [
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PMID:26812 | Screening urography in asymptomatic cryptorchid patients. | Excretory urograms in 140 cryptorchid patients free of associated urologic symptoms are reviewed. Our findings are presented and compared to those of previously reported series. Our results do not indicate a specific indication for the routine use of excretory urography in asymptomatic male subjects with cryptorchidism... | Screening urography in asymptomatic cryptorchid patients. Excretory urograms in 140 cryptorchid patients free of associated urologic symptoms are reviewed. Our findings are presented and compared to those of previously reported series. Our results do not indicate a specific indication for the routine use of excretory u... | [
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PMID:26813 | Anorchism versus cryptorchidism: the importance of a diligent search for intra-abdominal testes. | We reviewed 13 cases of testicular tumors arising in cryptorchid, intra-abdominal testes. All types of germinal neoplasms were found, seminoma being the most common. Of the 13 patients 5 had undergone limited exploration previously, with no testis being identified and, thus, were thought to have had unilateral anorchis... | Anorchism versus cryptorchidism: the importance of a diligent search for intra-abdominal testes. We reviewed 13 cases of testicular tumors arising in cryptorchid, intra-abdominal testes. All types of germinal neoplasms were found, seminoma being the most common. Of the 13 patients 5 had undergone limited exploration pr... | [
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PMID:26814 | Prostatic utricle cysts (müllerian duct cysts). | A series of 88 male patients with prostatic utricle cysts (müllerian duct) has been compiled by adding our 3 patients to 85 cases reported. Irritative lower urinary tract symptoms were the most common presenting complaint (42 per cent), while lower obstructive symptoms were noted in 29 per cent. Of the 20 clinical case... | Prostatic utricle cysts (müllerian duct cysts). A series of 88 male patients with prostatic utricle cysts (müllerian duct) has been compiled by adding our 3 patients to 85 cases reported. Irritative lower urinary tract symptoms were the most common presenting complaint (42 per cent), while lower obstructive symptoms we... | [
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PMID:26815 | Reconstruction of the urinary tract in prune belly uropathy. | Ten patients with prune bell uropathy, including 7 neonates, were treated with extensive surgical tailoring of the upper urinary tracts using primarily the upper ureteral segment. Simultaneous transabdominal orchiopexy, particularly in the neonate, is described as a useful adjunct. Our early results in these patients j... | Reconstruction of the urinary tract in prune belly uropathy. Ten patients with prune bell uropathy, including 7 neonates, were treated with extensive surgical tailoring of the upper urinary tracts using primarily the upper ureteral segment. Simultaneous transabdominal orchiopexy, particularly in the neonate, is describ... | [
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PMID:26818 | Treatment of the agitated patient with an organic brain disorder. | Agitated patients with organic brain disorders represent relatively common diagnostic and management problems. Therapeutic failures usually result from a failure to understand the patient's disturbed behavior, the staff's emotional response to the patient's behavior, or neglect of the biological cause and ineffective u... | Treatment of the agitated patient with an organic brain disorder. Agitated patients with organic brain disorders represent relatively common diagnostic and management problems. Therapeutic failures usually result from a failure to understand the patient's disturbed behavior, the staff's emotional response to the patien... | [
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PMID:26821 | [Comparative examinations of gastric juice in healthy infants and in infants suffering from enteritis (author's transl)]. | There are significant differences between the shapes of curves of gastric juice volume, acid quantity, pH levels, and peptic activity, in the three age groups of healthy infants under examination. Significant differences are also seen in all three age groups with regard to the quantity of acid calculated in relation to... | [Comparative examinations of gastric juice in healthy infants and in infants suffering from enteritis (author's transl)]. There are significant differences between the shapes of curves of gastric juice volume, acid quantity, pH levels, and peptic activity, in the three age groups of healthy infants under examination. S... | [
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-... |
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