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PMID:5178 | A quantitative comparison of the formation of synapses in the rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion by its own and by foreign nerve fibres. | The rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCG) has about 36,000 neurones in a volume of about 1 cu.mm. There are about 8.8 X 10(6) synapses, and 6000-9000 preganglionic axons. Section of the preganglionic chain causes a loss of 93% of the synapses. In the denervated SCG there are 0.6 X 10(6) remaining ('intrinsic... | A quantitative comparison of the formation of synapses in the rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion by its own and by foreign nerve fibres. The rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCG) has about 36,000 neurones in a volume of about 1 cu.mm. There are about 8.8 X 10(6) synapses, and 6000-9000 preganglionic ... | [
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PMID:5179 | Properties of soluble and particulate cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase of the adult and the developing rat brain. | Some properties of cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSD) activity were studied in the pellet and supernatant of a 18,000 X g centrifugation of isotonic sucrose rat brain homogenates. About 50% of the enzyme activity was found associated to the particulate fraction and 16% of the activity remained particle bound after ... | Properties of soluble and particulate cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase of the adult and the developing rat brain. Some properties of cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSD) activity were studied in the pellet and supernatant of a 18,000 X g centrifugation of isotonic sucrose rat brain homogenates. About 50% of the enzym... | [
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PMID:5180 | [Tissue lactates, pH and blood gasses in hibernating dormouse: changes during periodic arousals]. | Periodic arousal in the garden dormouse is accompagnied by a rise in plasma and muscle lactate levels and a diminution of muscle glycogen. In addition, the decrease of arterial blood pH and O2 concentration agrees well with these results. All of which are in good agreement with the general stimulation of adrenergic act... | [Tissue lactates, pH and blood gasses in hibernating dormouse: changes during periodic arousals]. Periodic arousal in the garden dormouse is accompagnied by a rise in plasma and muscle lactate levels and a diminution of muscle glycogen. In addition, the decrease of arterial blood pH and O2 concentration agrees well wit... | [
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PMID:5181 | Study of the natural antihistamine-like substance in bile in mammals. | A natural antihistamine substance (NAS) present in bile has been investigated. It was found that the antihistamine activity was not due to proteins, lipids, pigments, or amino acids. On ion exchange chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, this activity was associated with bile acids. Many bile acids could, in var... | Study of the natural antihistamine-like substance in bile in mammals. A natural antihistamine substance (NAS) present in bile has been investigated. It was found that the antihistamine activity was not due to proteins, lipids, pigments, or amino acids. On ion exchange chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, this ... | [
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PMID:5182 | Spin labels as probes for tetraphenylboron ion interaction with liposomes. | The effects of tetraphenylboron (TFB) on the molecular organization of lipids within phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes were investigated using the spin-labeled method. Perturbations at the surface of the lipid were probed using stearamide and cholestane spin labels; perturbations in the hydrophobic-portion were probed... | Spin labels as probes for tetraphenylboron ion interaction with liposomes. The effects of tetraphenylboron (TFB) on the molecular organization of lipids within phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes were investigated using the spin-labeled method. Perturbations at the surface of the lipid were probed using stearamide and c... | [
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PMID:5183 | The subcellular distribution and properties of Crithidia sp. hydrolases with particular reference to pyrophosphate and orthophosphate monoester phosphohydrolases. | A cell fractionation scheme was developed for studying the distribution of certain hydrolases, especially phosphohydrolases in a Crithidia sp. (Trypanosomatidae). Whilst between 26-56% of the total cellular hydrolase activities were soluble (probably of flagellar pocket origin), a certain percentage, 5-40%, was sedimen... | The subcellular distribution and properties of Crithidia sp. hydrolases with particular reference to pyrophosphate and orthophosphate monoester phosphohydrolases. A cell fractionation scheme was developed for studying the distribution of certain hydrolases, especially phosphohydrolases in a Crithidia sp. (Trypanosomati... | [
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PMID:5184 | Acid proteases from species of Mucor. IV. Hydrogen-tritium exchange of Mucor miehei protease. | The kinetics of hydrogen-tritium exchange were studied in the range pH-3 for both the fully and partially tritiated protein. Exchange constants for an intermediate class and slow class of hydrogens were determined and found to give a parabolic curve characteristic of acid and base catalysis about the observed pHmin of ... | Acid proteases from species of Mucor. IV. Hydrogen-tritium exchange of Mucor miehei protease. The kinetics of hydrogen-tritium exchange were studied in the range pH-3 for both the fully and partially tritiated protein. Exchange constants for an intermediate class and slow class of hydrogens were determined and found to... | [
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PMID:5185 | Some properties of acetylcholinesterase from rat retina. | Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) of rat retina was studied with respect to its kinetic and other properties, and a comparison was made with the enzyme from brain. The subcellular distribution of the retinal AChE showed that the enzyme was concentrated in the synaptosomal-mitochondrial fraction although in the br... | Some properties of acetylcholinesterase from rat retina. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) of rat retina was studied with respect to its kinetic and other properties, and a comparison was made with the enzyme from brain. The subcellular distribution of the retinal AChE showed that the enzyme was concentrated in t... | [
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PMID:5188 | The metabolic activation of the carcinogen 1'-hydroxysafrole in vivo and in vitro and the electrophilic reactivities of possible ultimate carcinogens. | Administration of [2',3'-3H]-1'-hydroxysafrole to rats or mice resulted in the formation of hepatic DNA-, ribosomal RNA-, and protein-bound 3H derivatives. Alkaline digestion of the 3H-protein released 0.1 to 0.3% of the 3H as a derivative that was identified as 3'-methylmercaptoisosafrole by its cochromatography in fi... | The metabolic activation of the carcinogen 1'-hydroxysafrole in vivo and in vitro and the electrophilic reactivities of possible ultimate carcinogens. Administration of [2',3'-3H]-1'-hydroxysafrole to rats or mice resulted in the formation of hepatic DNA-, ribosomal RNA-, and protein-bound 3H derivatives. Alkaline dige... | [
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PMID:5189 | Intrinsic resistance to methotrexate of cultured mammalian cells in relation to the inhibition kinetics of their dihydrololate reductases. | Four cultured mammalian cell lines, differing in intrinsic resistance to methotrexate over a 70-fold range, have been compared with respect to several biochemical factors that might influence response to the drug. Cellular activity of the enzymes dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase and the total levels o... | Intrinsic resistance to methotrexate of cultured mammalian cells in relation to the inhibition kinetics of their dihydrololate reductases. Four cultured mammalian cell lines, differing in intrinsic resistance to methotrexate over a 70-fold range, have been compared with respect to several biochemical factors that might... | [
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PMID:5190 | Aflatoxin B1 metabolism to aflatoxicol and derivatives lethal to Bacillus subtilis GSY 1057 by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) liver. | Aflatoxicol, R0, was isolated from Mt. Shasta strain rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and liver homogenates were incubated with aflatoxin B1. Its identity was confirmed by mass, infrared, and ultraviolet spectrometry. The structure was identical to one of the diastereomers prepared by chemical reduction of aflatoxin B1... | Aflatoxin B1 metabolism to aflatoxicol and derivatives lethal to Bacillus subtilis GSY 1057 by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) liver. Aflatoxicol, R0, was isolated from Mt. Shasta strain rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and liver homogenates were incubated with aflatoxin B1. Its identity was confirmed by mass, infrared... | [
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PMID:5191 | Xylanase (hemicellulase) activity in cell-free rumen fluid. | It has been shown that there is hemicellulase (xylanase) activity in cell-free filtrates of rumen liquor. This activity changes during the feeding cycle. The optimal pH and temperature for this activity have been found, as have the substrate-to-enzyme ratios. Many reagents, particularly heavy metal ions and phenols, in... | Xylanase (hemicellulase) activity in cell-free rumen fluid. It has been shown that there is hemicellulase (xylanase) activity in cell-free filtrates of rumen liquor. This activity changes during the feeding cycle. The optimal pH and temperature for this activity have been found, as have the substrate-to-enzyme ratios. ... | [
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PMID:5194 | Antitumor activity of equinatoxin. | Equinatoxin, a highly basic protein extracted from Actinia equina, causes an increase in the survival time of mice bearing the ascitic form of Ehrlich carcinoma, whereas it has no effect on L1210 leukaemia. When tested for in vitro cytotoxicity by the dye exclusion test, it shows a potent activity on both tumour cell l... | Antitumor activity of equinatoxin. Equinatoxin, a highly basic protein extracted from Actinia equina, causes an increase in the survival time of mice bearing the ascitic form of Ehrlich carcinoma, whereas it has no effect on L1210 leukaemia. When tested for in vitro cytotoxicity by the dye exclusion test, it shows a po... | [
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PMID:5199 | [Effect of ionic strength on the protection of DNA by histone F1 against the enzymatic activity of DNase I]. | Studying the effect of ionic strength on DNA protection by histone F1 against DNase I has shown a maximum protection near 0,1 M NaCl. At this ionic strength, different results have been obtained by measuring the initial velocity or the amount of DNA hydrolysed at the end of the reaction. | [Effect of ionic strength on the protection of DNA by histone F1 against the enzymatic activity of DNase I]. Studying the effect of ionic strength on DNA protection by histone F1 against DNase I has shown a maximum protection near 0,1 M NaCl. At this ionic strength, different results have been obtained by measuring the... | [
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PMID:5200 | [Disadvantages of acid precipitation of proteins during the assay of blood glucose by the enzymatic glucose oxidase-peroxidase system]. | In the enzymatic procedure for blood sugar by means of glucose oxidase, acid protein precipitation of blood by perchloric acid or trichloracetic acid liberated oxidizing substances, which enhanced the coloration density in oxidizing the reduced chromogen of the reaction mixture, independently of the hydrogen peroxide g... | [Disadvantages of acid precipitation of proteins during the assay of blood glucose by the enzymatic glucose oxidase-peroxidase system]. In the enzymatic procedure for blood sugar by means of glucose oxidase, acid protein precipitation of blood by perchloric acid or trichloracetic acid liberated oxidizing substances, wh... | [
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PMID:5201 | Evidence for a renal alpha-adrenergic receptor inhibiting renin release. | The mechanism by which clonidine suppresses renin release was investigated in conscious rats. This suppression was studied by means of selected autonomic interventions in conjunction with changes in sodium balance. Serum renin activity and direct arterial pressure were monitored. Clonidine administration suppressed bas... | Evidence for a renal alpha-adrenergic receptor inhibiting renin release. The mechanism by which clonidine suppresses renin release was investigated in conscious rats. This suppression was studied by means of selected autonomic interventions in conjunction with changes in sodium balance. Serum renin activity and direct ... | [
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PMID:5202 | Effects of regional ischemia on metabolism of glucose and fatty acids. Relative rates of aerobic and anaerobic energy production during myocardial infarction and comparison with effects of anoxia. | The rate of coronary flow reaching the oxygen-linited heart appears to be crucial in determining the myocardial tissue metabolic response. The tissue metabolic response to anoxia, well studied in hearts perfused with anoxic media, differs in many important ways from the response to ischemia. In regional ischemia (devel... | Effects of regional ischemia on metabolism of glucose and fatty acids. Relative rates of aerobic and anaerobic energy production during myocardial infarction and comparison with effects of anoxia. The rate of coronary flow reaching the oxygen-linited heart appears to be crucial in determining the myocardial tissue meta... | [
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PMID:5203 | Control of ionic permeabilities in normal and ischemic heart. | The major ionic conductances underlying electrical activity in cardiac tissues are described. The participation of electrogenic active transport in electrical phenomenon and the influence of metabolic inhibition on cardiac action potentials are briefly summarized. Some electrophysiological effects of lactate and acidos... | Control of ionic permeabilities in normal and ischemic heart. The major ionic conductances underlying electrical activity in cardiac tissues are described. The participation of electrogenic active transport in electrical phenomenon and the influence of metabolic inhibition on cardiac action potentials are briefly summa... | [
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PMID:5204 | Cutaneous and muscular rasodilation in the canine hindlimb evoked by central stimulation. | Using stereotaxic procedures, we electrically stimulated specific sites in the hypothalamus and midbrain of anesthetized dogs pretreated with guanethidine and atropine methonitrate. A tract in which stimulation caused noncholinergic dilator responses in the hindlimbs was identified. The course of this trace was differe... | Cutaneous and muscular rasodilation in the canine hindlimb evoked by central stimulation. Using stereotaxic procedures, we electrically stimulated specific sites in the hypothalamus and midbrain of anesthetized dogs pretreated with guanethidine and atropine methonitrate. A tract in which stimulation caused noncholinerg... | [
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PMID:5205 | Spinal adrenergic mechanisms regulating sympathetic outflow to blood vessels. | The role of descending spinal catecholamine (CA)-containing fibers in cardiovascular regulation was examined. Monoamine-containing fibers were visualized by fluorescence histochemical methods at the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal segments. Two major groups of descending CA-containing axons were located in the la... | Spinal adrenergic mechanisms regulating sympathetic outflow to blood vessels. The role of descending spinal catecholamine (CA)-containing fibers in cardiovascular regulation was examined. Monoamine-containing fibers were visualized by fluorescence histochemical methods at the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal segme... | [
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PMID:5207 | Cellular basis for increased sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | There is evidence that hypersensitivity of vascular muscle to neurotransmitters contributes to the development of hypertension. Comparison of the caudal arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their genetically related Kyoto-Wistar normotensive control rats (KNR) showed that although there is no differenc... | Cellular basis for increased sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rats. There is evidence that hypersensitivity of vascular muscle to neurotransmitters contributes to the development of hypertension. Comparison of the caudal arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their gene... | [
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PMID:5208 | Partial purification of a high molecular weight renin from hog kidney. | Previous investigators have reported finding a high molecular weight (HMW) renin in various species which is activated by acidification. Two laboratories have reported that a decrease in molecular weight of the renin accompanies the acidification step. This report describes the partial purification of an HMW renin from... | Partial purification of a high molecular weight renin from hog kidney. Previous investigators have reported finding a high molecular weight (HMW) renin in various species which is activated by acidification. Two laboratories have reported that a decrease in molecular weight of the renin accompanies the acidification st... | [
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PMID:5209 | Vasodilator administration in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade. | To explore the possibility that the presence of propranolol-induced beta-adrenergic blockade might have an adverse effect upon homeostatic circulatory reflexes activated by the administration of a potent vasodilator agent, arterial blood pressure and pulse rate response to rapid intravenous diazoxide injection was moni... | Vasodilator administration in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade. To explore the possibility that the presence of propranolol-induced beta-adrenergic blockade might have an adverse effect upon homeostatic circulatory reflexes activated by the administration of a potent vasodilator agent, arterial blood pressure a... | [
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PMID:5210 | A modified inactivation-inhibition method for determining the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. | A procedure using heat inactivation and L-phenylalanine inhibition to quantitate the activities of bone, liver and intestinal alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in human serum was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis using an electrophoretic procedure. The results of this assay were compared with the radio... | A modified inactivation-inhibition method for determining the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. A procedure using heat inactivation and L-phenylalanine inhibition to quantitate the activities of bone, liver and intestinal alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in human serum was confirmed by alkaline phosphat... | [
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PMID:5211 | A sensitive automated colorimetric method for the determination of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. | A highly sensitive and accurate automated method using a Technicon Autoanalyzer AAII was developed for the determination of human serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. gamma-L-Glutamyl-p-nitroanilide added as substrate was split to p-nitroaniline and the gamma-glutamyl group was trapped by glycylglycine in Ammediol/HC1 ... | A sensitive automated colorimetric method for the determination of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. A highly sensitive and accurate automated method using a Technicon Autoanalyzer AAII was developed for the determination of human serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. gamma-L-Glutamyl-p-nitroanilide added as substrat... | [
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PMID:5213 | Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea-pigs with poly-L-lysine. | Poly-L-lysin (PLL) given subcutaneously in a dose of 3 mg/day suppresses experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea-pigs. The suppressive effect of PLL can still be demonstrated when administration is begun 8 days post-immunization. The effect is disease- and species-specific since PLL (3 mg/day) does not suppre... | Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea-pigs with poly-L-lysine. Poly-L-lysin (PLL) given subcutaneously in a dose of 3 mg/day suppresses experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea-pigs. The suppressive effect of PLL can still be demonstrated when administration is begun 8 days post-immu... | [
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PMID:5215 | Reactions to cigarettes as a function of nicotine and "tar". | Experiments carried out to examine the effects of nicotine and "tar" on the extent of and subjective reactions to cigarette smoking. It was confirmed that smokers rate commercial, low-nicotine cigarettes as less "strong" and less "satisfying" than their usual brands. Since such cigarettes deliver reduced amounts of tar... | Reactions to cigarettes as a function of nicotine and "tar". Experiments carried out to examine the effects of nicotine and "tar" on the extent of and subjective reactions to cigarette smoking. It was confirmed that smokers rate commercial, low-nicotine cigarettes as less "strong" and less "satisfying" than their usual... | [
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PMID:5251 | Effect of beta-adrenergic agonists aerosolized by freon propellant on tracheal mucous velocity and cardiac output. | The present study was designed to assess the effects of two beta-adrenergic agonists, isoproterenol sulfate and carbuterol hydrochloride, and aerosolized Freon propellant (a mixture of Freon II, Freon 12, and Freon 114) on tracheal mucous velocity and cardiac output in anesthetized dogs. Five groups of ten animals each... | Effect of beta-adrenergic agonists aerosolized by freon propellant on tracheal mucous velocity and cardiac output. The present study was designed to assess the effects of two beta-adrenergic agonists, isoproterenol sulfate and carbuterol hydrochloride, and aerosolized Freon propellant (a mixture of Freon II, Freon 12, ... | [
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PMID:5253 | Effect of nafenopin (SU-13437) on liver function. Influence on the hepatic transport of phenolphthalein glucuronide and chlorothiazide. | In rats treated with the hypolipidemic drug, nafenopin (NP), for 2 days the biliary excretion of phenolphthalein glucuronide (PPG) was markedly decreased, while in contrast that of chlorothiazide (CTZ) was enhanced. This suggests the existence of independent hepatic transport mechanisms for these two anions. For both P... | Effect of nafenopin (SU-13437) on liver function. Influence on the hepatic transport of phenolphthalein glucuronide and chlorothiazide. In rats treated with the hypolipidemic drug, nafenopin (NP), for 2 days the biliary excretion of phenolphthalein glucuronide (PPG) was markedly decreased, while in contrast that of chl... | [
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PMID:5254 | Distribution and biliary excretion products of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in rainbow trout. | After 24-hr exposures of rainbow trout to 0.5 ppm of di-2-ethylhexyl [14C]phthalate, one-half of the radioactivity present in the fish was localized in the bile. The bile was pooled and fractionated by selective solvent extraction before and after beta-glucuronidase hydrolysis. Individual radioactive compounds were fur... | Distribution and biliary excretion products of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in rainbow trout. After 24-hr exposures of rainbow trout to 0.5 ppm of di-2-ethylhexyl [14C]phthalate, one-half of the radioactivity present in the fish was localized in the bile. The bile was pooled and fractionated by selective solvent extractio... | [
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PMID:5255 | Binding of radioactivity from (14C)thiourea to rat lung protein. | Binding of radioactivity from [14C]thiourea (TU) to rat lung protein was found to occur in vitro. Two binding sites are present. One possesses low affinity/high capacity while the other is characterized by high affinity/low capacity. In vitro binding of [14C]TU to lung protein can be antagonized by the presence of eith... | Binding of radioactivity from (14C)thiourea to rat lung protein. Binding of radioactivity from [14C]thiourea (TU) to rat lung protein was found to occur in vitro. Two binding sites are present. One possesses low affinity/high capacity while the other is characterized by high affinity/low capacity. In vitro binding of [... | [
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PMID:5256 | Uptake and disposition of chlorinated biphenyls by isolated perfused rat liver. | The hepatic disposition of four chlorinated biphenyls was studied in isolated perfused rat liver preparations perfused with 30% rat blood. Biliary excretion of 14C-labeled 4-chlorobiphenyl (1-CB): 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl (2-CB): 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (5-CB) and 2,4,5,2',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (6-CB) appeared to ... | Uptake and disposition of chlorinated biphenyls by isolated perfused rat liver. The hepatic disposition of four chlorinated biphenyls was studied in isolated perfused rat liver preparations perfused with 30% rat blood. Biliary excretion of 14C-labeled 4-chlorobiphenyl (1-CB): 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl (2-CB): 2,4,5,2',5'-p... | [
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PMID:5258 | (14C)Methylphenidate hydrochloride. Studies on disposition in rat brain. | Studies with [14C]methylphenidate-HCl were carried out in rats administered the drug intravenously or intraperitoneally. Levels of total radioactivity and parent drug were measured in plasma, brain, and certain brain regions up to 6 hr after dosing. The intravenous route of administration was characterized by rapid ent... | (14C)Methylphenidate hydrochloride. Studies on disposition in rat brain. Studies with [14C]methylphenidate-HCl were carried out in rats administered the drug intravenously or intraperitoneally. Levels of total radioactivity and parent drug were measured in plasma, brain, and certain brain regions up to 6 hr after dosin... | [
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PMID:5257 | The absorption, distribution, and excretion in mice of a quinolinemethanol antimalarial, 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-3-(N-t-butylamino)propyl)quinoline phosphate (WR 184,806). | Approximately 75% of the radioactivity derived from WR 184806-14C was excreted in the feces with the remainder in the urine after po administration. At least 77-85% of the dose was absorbed by 2-8 hr; lungs, liver, skeletal muscle, kidneys, small intestine (less contents) and residual carcass were major sites of deposi... | The absorption, distribution, and excretion in mice of a quinolinemethanol antimalarial, 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-3-(N-t-butylamino)propyl)quinoline phosphate (WR 184,806). Approximately 75% of the radioactivity derived from WR 184806-14C was excreted in the feces with the remainder in the urine after po a... | [
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PMID:5259 | Oxisuran metabolism in pigs. | The fate of oxisuran in the pig was studied with 14C-labeled drug to quantify its biotransformation and disposition. Despite interanimal differences, it was clear that the compound absorbed rapidly and biotransformed extensively to metabolites which were excreted principally in urine rather than in feces. Direct attack... | Oxisuran metabolism in pigs. The fate of oxisuran in the pig was studied with 14C-labeled drug to quantify its biotransformation and disposition. Despite interanimal differences, it was clear that the compound absorbed rapidly and biotransformed extensively to metabolites which were excreted principally in urine rather... | [
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PMID:5261 | Qualitative metabolic fate of phenoxybenzamine in rat, dog, and man. Use of 15N-labeling. | Administration of an equimolar mixture of unlabeled and 15N-labeled phenoxybenzamine to rats and dogs facilitated identification of urinary metabolites by gas chromatography/chemical-ionization mass spectrometry by virtue of the the conspicuous equal-intensity ion pairs produced. By use of this technique N-benzyl-N-phe... | Qualitative metabolic fate of phenoxybenzamine in rat, dog, and man. Use of 15N-labeling. Administration of an equimolar mixture of unlabeled and 15N-labeled phenoxybenzamine to rats and dogs facilitated identification of urinary metabolites by gas chromatography/chemical-ionization mass spectrometry by virtue of the t... | [
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PMID:5260 | Metabolism of trans-stilbene in rabbits and rats. | The biotransformation of intramuscularly administered 14C-labeled trans-stilbene was investigated in both rabbits and rats. In rabbits radioactivity was excreted (78.8% in 17 days) almost exclusively in the urine. In rats, feces accounted for more than half of the total excretion (80.3% in 19 days). Hydroxylated metabo... | Metabolism of trans-stilbene in rabbits and rats. The biotransformation of intramuscularly administered 14C-labeled trans-stilbene was investigated in both rabbits and rats. In rabbits radioactivity was excreted (78.8% in 17 days) almost exclusively in the urine. In rats, feces accounted for more than half of the total... | [
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PMID:5267 | Differential dependence on NADPH concentrations of two microsomal corticosteroid 21-hydroxylation reactions. | The dependency on NADPH concentrations of the bovine adrenal cortex microsomal 21-hydroxylation of progesterone and of 17-hydroxyprogesterone was investigated. The average Km for NADPH in the 21-hydroxylation of progesterone is 10.4 muM while that for the 21-hydroxylation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone is 0.6 muM. The optim... | Differential dependence on NADPH concentrations of two microsomal corticosteroid 21-hydroxylation reactions. The dependency on NADPH concentrations of the bovine adrenal cortex microsomal 21-hydroxylation of progesterone and of 17-hydroxyprogesterone was investigated. The average Km for NADPH in the 21-hydroxylation of... | [
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PMID:5262 | Identification of the urinary metabolites of 14C-bumetanide in the rat and their excretion by rats and dogs. | Unchanged bumetanide, 3-(n-butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid, and five metabolites were excreted in the urine of rats given 50 mg of 14C-labeled drug per kg intravenously. The metabolites, which were identified by mass spectrometry and/or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, arose by metabolic alteratio... | Identification of the urinary metabolites of 14C-bumetanide in the rat and their excretion by rats and dogs. Unchanged bumetanide, 3-(n-butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid, and five metabolites were excreted in the urine of rats given 50 mg of 14C-labeled drug per kg intravenously. The metabolites, which were... | [
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PMID:5264 | Studies of the metabolism of parathion with an apparently homogeneous preparation of rabbit liver cytochrome P-450. | The metabolism of parathion has been examined by use of a reconstituted mixed-function oxidase enzyme system isolated from the livers of phenobarbital-pretreated rabbits. The cytochrome P-450 used in these studies was apparently homogeneous as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ... | Studies of the metabolism of parathion with an apparently homogeneous preparation of rabbit liver cytochrome P-450. The metabolism of parathion has been examined by use of a reconstituted mixed-function oxidase enzyme system isolated from the livers of phenobarbital-pretreated rabbits. The cytochrome P-450 used in thes... | [
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PMID:5265 | Reconstituted liver microsomal enzyme system that hydroxylates drugs, other foreign compounds, and endogenous substrates. IX. The formation of a 455-nm metabolite-cytochrome P-450 complex. | The reconstituted liver microsomal hydroxylation system was used to study the formation of a metabolite-cytochrome P-450 complex absorbing maximally at 455 nm, with benzphetamine and N-hydroxyamphetamine as substrates. Complex formation required the presence of NADPH, substrate, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, lipid, and... | Reconstituted liver microsomal enzyme system that hydroxylates drugs, other foreign compounds, and endogenous substrates. IX. The formation of a 455-nm metabolite-cytochrome P-450 complex. The reconstituted liver microsomal hydroxylation system was used to study the formation of a metabolite-cytochrome P-450 complex ab... | [
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PMID:5279 | The response of Ca-mediated action potentials and contractile activity in mammalian ventricular myocardium towards alkalosis. | Alkalosis (pH 7.8) produced by reduction of CO2 concentration augmented both upstroke velocity of Ca action potentials and isometric contractile force of mammalian heart muscle. If the increase of pH to 7.8 was achieved by a raise of HCO3 concentration (with simultaneous reduction of CO2 concentration), the positive in... | The response of Ca-mediated action potentials and contractile activity in mammalian ventricular myocardium towards alkalosis. Alkalosis (pH 7.8) produced by reduction of CO2 concentration augmented both upstroke velocity of Ca action potentials and isometric contractile force of mammalian heart muscle. If the increase ... | [
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PMID:5282 | The in vitro effect of adrenergic agents and related compounds on triglyceride levels of guinea-pig lymphoid cells. | Isoproterenol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were highly potent in decreasing the triglyceride levels of the splenic lymphoid cells from guinea-pigs in vitro, while they were quite inert upon the inguinal lymph node cells. | The in vitro effect of adrenergic agents and related compounds on triglyceride levels of guinea-pig lymphoid cells. Isoproterenol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were highly potent in decreasing the triglyceride levels of the splenic lymphoid cells from guinea-pigs in vitro, while they were quite inert upon the inguina... | [
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PMID:5283 | Assimilation of ammonia and growth of biotin deficient Aspergillus nidulans. | Biotin deficiency in Aspergillus nidulans has been found to increase the uptake of ammonium ions, associated with a marked increase in the activity of NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which is found to be the major route of ammonia assimilation in this culture. The results obtained are discussed with respect to the... | Assimilation of ammonia and growth of biotin deficient Aspergillus nidulans. Biotin deficiency in Aspergillus nidulans has been found to increase the uptake of ammonium ions, associated with a marked increase in the activity of NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which is found to be the major route of ammonia assimil... | [
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PMID:5284 | [Differential properties of two molecular forms of 4-aminobutyrate-2-ketoglutarate transaminase (GABAT) from pig brain (author's transl)]. | The two forms isolated exhibit some differences concerning their physicochemical and functional properties. They are identical with the previously purified molecular fomrs, GABAT I and GABAT II, separated by DEAE cellulose chromatography. | [Differential properties of two molecular forms of 4-aminobutyrate-2-ketoglutarate transaminase (GABAT) from pig brain (author's transl)]. The two forms isolated exhibit some differences concerning their physicochemical and functional properties. They are identical with the previously purified molecular fomrs, GABAT I ... | [
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PMID:5285 | Acrosomal hydrolases in buffalo spermatozoa. | Buffalo sperm acrosome resembles its counterpart in other species, being rich in hydrolytic enzymes. Of the enzyme activities estimated, acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and hyaluronidase were low compared to those of ram semen. However, the aryl sulphatase activity was high. GOT activity estimated in spe... | Acrosomal hydrolases in buffalo spermatozoa. Buffalo sperm acrosome resembles its counterpart in other species, being rich in hydrolytic enzymes. Of the enzyme activities estimated, acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and hyaluronidase were low compared to those of ram semen. However, the aryl sulphatase act... | [
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PMID:5286 | Ecdysome 20-hydroxylase from the midgut of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta L.). | An ecdysone 20-hydroxylase enzyme system that converts alpha-ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone was prepared from the midgut of the tobacco hornworm prepupa. This partially purified enzyme is NADPH dependent and is localized in the mitochondrial fraction of the midgut tissue. | Ecdysome 20-hydroxylase from the midgut of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta L.). An ecdysone 20-hydroxylase enzyme system that converts alpha-ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone was prepared from the midgut of the tobacco hornworm prepupa. This partially purified enzyme is NADPH dependent and is localized in the mitochon... | [
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... |
PMID:5287 | On the regulatory properties of a halophilic malic enzyme from Halobacterium cutirubrum. | The NADP-linked malic enzyme from Halobacterium cutirubrum is strongly inhibited by acetyl-CoA and NADH, and rather weakly inhibited by oxaloacetate and glyoxylate, in the presence of very high KCl concentrations (3 M), considered physiological for the extremely halophilic bacteria. | On the regulatory properties of a halophilic malic enzyme from Halobacterium cutirubrum. The NADP-linked malic enzyme from Halobacterium cutirubrum is strongly inhibited by acetyl-CoA and NADH, and rather weakly inhibited by oxaloacetate and glyoxylate, in the presence of very high KCl concentrations (3 M), considered ... | [
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PMID:5288 | Fermentative digestion of food in the colobus monkey, Colobus, polykomos. | Fermentation of leafy food occurs in the enlarged saccus gastricus of the colobus monkey with the formation of volatile fatty acid, as in the rumen of ruminant animals. About half of the digestible organic matter and cellulose of the diet is digested in this way. | Fermentative digestion of food in the colobus monkey, Colobus, polykomos. Fermentation of leafy food occurs in the enlarged saccus gastricus of the colobus monkey with the formation of volatile fatty acid, as in the rumen of ruminant animals. About half of the digestible organic matter and cellulose of the diet is dige... | [
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PMID:5303 | Isolation, purification and properties of aortic elastase. | An elastase from pig aorta has been partially purified and characterised; it exhibits immunological cross reaction with pig pancreatic elastase. Its proteolytic (k-elastin gel and polymeric elastin substrates) and esterolytic (N-succinoyl-trialanine paranitroanilide) activities as well as its degree of inhibition by se... | Isolation, purification and properties of aortic elastase. An elastase from pig aorta has been partially purified and characterised; it exhibits immunological cross reaction with pig pancreatic elastase. Its proteolytic (k-elastin gel and polymeric elastin substrates) and esterolytic (N-succinoyl-trialanine paranitroan... | [
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PMID:5312 | Some chemical aspects of histamine H2-receptor antagonists. | Certain chemical properties, which may determine the biological actions of the recently discovered histamine H2-receptor antagonists burimamide and metiamide, are identified, partly by considering the derivation of these antagonists. Examples are given of attempts to design antagonists using histamine as starting point... | Some chemical aspects of histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Certain chemical properties, which may determine the biological actions of the recently discovered histamine H2-receptor antagonists burimamide and metiamide, are identified, partly by considering the derivation of these antagonists. Examples are given of atte... | [
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PMID:5313 | The pharmacology of burimamide and metiamide, two histamine H2-receptor antagonists. | Burimamide and metiamide are two histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Evidence is presented that indicates the competitive nature and the specificity of the antagonism. Metiamide is about ten times more potent than burimamide and is also more effective than burimamide when given orally. Both compounds inhibit gastric sec... | The pharmacology of burimamide and metiamide, two histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Burimamide and metiamide are two histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Evidence is presented that indicates the competitive nature and the specificity of the antagonism. Metiamide is about ten times more potent than burimamide and is also... | [
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PMID:5314 | Identification and blockade of vascular H2 receptors. | Experiments were conducted in anesthetized dogs to determine the nature of receptors mediating vascular actions of histamine. In the perfused gracilis muscle histamine caused vasodilatation that was attenuated in part by mepyramine, an H1-receptor blocker. Metiamide, an H2 blocker, given alone had no effect on dilatati... | Identification and blockade of vascular H2 receptors. Experiments were conducted in anesthetized dogs to determine the nature of receptors mediating vascular actions of histamine. In the perfused gracilis muscle histamine caused vasodilatation that was attenuated in part by mepyramine, an H1-receptor blocker. Metiamide... | [
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PMID:5315 | Cardiac histamine receptors. | Current evidence pertinent to the identification of cardiac histamine receptors in the guinea pig is reviewed. Pharmacological characterization has been aided by the use of selective agonists and antagonists for both types of histamine receptors. It appears that both H1 and H2 receptors mediate the cardiac effects of h... | Cardiac histamine receptors. Current evidence pertinent to the identification of cardiac histamine receptors in the guinea pig is reviewed. Pharmacological characterization has been aided by the use of selective agonists and antagonists for both types of histamine receptors. It appears that both H1 and H2 receptors med... | [
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PMID:5322 | Lack of relationship between cyclic nucleotide levels and spermatozoal function in human semen. | Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were determined in 103 samples of human semen and grouped according to the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. No correlation was found between cyclic AMP concentrations and the number, motility, and morphology of the spermatozoa or the fructose content, pH, ... | Lack of relationship between cyclic nucleotide levels and spermatozoal function in human semen. Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were determined in 103 samples of human semen and grouped according to the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. No correlation was found between cyclic AMP concentr... | [
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PMID:5325 | Quality, efficiency, and cost of a physician-assistant-protocol system for managment of diabetes and hypertension. | Briefly trained physicians assistants using protocols (clinical algorithms) for diabetes, hypertension, and related chronic arteriosclerotic and hypertensive heart disease abstrated information from the medical record and obtained history and physical examination data on every patient-visit to a city hospital chronic d... | Quality, efficiency, and cost of a physician-assistant-protocol system for managment of diabetes and hypertension. Briefly trained physicians assistants using protocols (clinical algorithms) for diabetes, hypertension, and related chronic arteriosclerotic and hypertensive heart disease abstrated information from the me... | [
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PMID:5326 | Suppression and stimulation mechanisms controlling glucagon secretion in a case of islet-cell tumor producing glucagon, insulin, and gastrin. | The mechanisms controlling secretion of glucagon and other pancreatic hormones were studied in a patient affected with multihormone-secreting islet-cell tumor. Fasting glucagon levels (3,000 pg./ml.) rose to 10 ng./ml. following arginine stimulation. While oral glucose load and intravenous glucose infusion did not supp... | Suppression and stimulation mechanisms controlling glucagon secretion in a case of islet-cell tumor producing glucagon, insulin, and gastrin. The mechanisms controlling secretion of glucagon and other pancreatic hormones were studied in a patient affected with multihormone-secreting islet-cell tumor. Fasting glucagon l... | [
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PMID:5335 | Histamine effects on H+ permeability by isolated gastric mucosa. | This study examines the effects of histamine on mucosal permeability to acid by isolated stomach of rabbits. Histamine (9 X 10(-5) M) decreased antral luminal acid loss which could not be accounted for by active H+ secretion or appearance of organic acid. Histamine also increased antral electrical resistance and decrea... | Histamine effects on H+ permeability by isolated gastric mucosa. This study examines the effects of histamine on mucosal permeability to acid by isolated stomach of rabbits. Histamine (9 X 10(-5) M) decreased antral luminal acid loss which could not be accounted for by active H+ secretion or appearance of organic acid.... | [
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PMID:5336 | Genetics of murine liver and kidney arysulfatase b. | Mice from 12 inbred strains were surveyed for variation of kidney and liver arylsulfatase levels. Kidney variation was due to differences in the activity of arylsulfatase B. Twofold higher activities of arylsulfatase B in SWR/J kidney compared to A/HeJ kidney were determined by an autosomal gene which may be identical ... | Genetics of murine liver and kidney arysulfatase b. Mice from 12 inbred strains were surveyed for variation of kidney and liver arylsulfatase levels. Kidney variation was due to differences in the activity of arylsulfatase B. Twofold higher activities of arylsulfatase B in SWR/J kidney compared to A/HeJ kidney were det... | [
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PMID:5338 | [A study of H-2 mutations in mice. V. Detection of mutations M505, Hzl and M506 in the host vs transplant reaction]. | H-2 mutant/normal pairs of congenic mouse strains C57BL/6equilibriumB6.M505 (H-2Kbd), C57BL/6equilibriumB6.C(Hz1) (H-2Kba) and A.CAequilibriumA.CA(M506) (H-2fa) were studied in the graft versus host assay. All the three mutations were expressed in these tests as gain and loss of H-2 antigen. The data obtained confirm a... | [A study of H-2 mutations in mice. V. Detection of mutations M505, Hzl and M506 in the host vs transplant reaction]. H-2 mutant/normal pairs of congenic mouse strains C57BL/6equilibriumB6.M505 (H-2Kbd), C57BL/6equilibriumB6.C(Hz1) (H-2Kba) and A.CAequilibriumA.CA(M506) (H-2fa) were studied in the graft versus host assa... | [
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PMID:5339 | [Description of new mutant forms of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in man]. | 9 variants of human erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were isolated from erythrocytes of patients with G6PD deficiency and partially purified according to WHO program for stanartization of methods for studying G6PD. The results of physico-chemical study of these enzymes (determination of electrophore... | [Description of new mutant forms of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in man]. 9 variants of human erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were isolated from erythrocytes of patients with G6PD deficiency and partially purified according to WHO program for stanartization of methods for studying ... | [
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PMID:5340 | [The interrelationship between the inhibitory activity of milk with different types of beta-lactoglobulins and the resistance of cattle to mastitis]. | In the course of the investigation of piebald (black-white) cattle it is found that 17,62% animals produce the AA type beta-lactoglobulin, 49,52%--the AB type and 32,86%--the BB type. The higher inhibitory activity of milk with the BB type beta-lactoglobulin was found which retained in dilution 1 : 32. The total flora ... | [The interrelationship between the inhibitory activity of milk with different types of beta-lactoglobulins and the resistance of cattle to mastitis]. In the course of the investigation of piebald (black-white) cattle it is found that 17,62% animals produce the AA type beta-lactoglobulin, 49,52%--the AB type and 32,86%-... | [
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PMID:5341 | [Genetic control of allogenic inhibition of hematopoietic stem cells]. | Adult mice of C57BL/6, CBA (CBA X C57BL/6) F1, (CBA X C57BL/6) F2, F1 X CBA and F1 X C57BL/6 strains were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with a constant dose of 3-10(5) C57BL/6 bone marrow cells. At the 9th day after the bone marrow transplantation the colony count was performed in spleen of irradiated recipient... | [Genetic control of allogenic inhibition of hematopoietic stem cells]. Adult mice of C57BL/6, CBA (CBA X C57BL/6) F1, (CBA X C57BL/6) F2, F1 X CBA and F1 X C57BL/6 strains were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with a constant dose of 3-10(5) C57BL/6 bone marrow cells. At the 9th day after the bone marrow transplan... | [
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PMID:5342 | Inhibition of food-stimulated gastric acid secretion by cimetidine. | The effect of cimetidine, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on gastric acid secretion stimulated by a homogenised meal was studied in six normal volunteers using an in vivo intragastric titration technique. The subjects were studied twice, no more than 48 h apart, receiving either cimetidine 200 mg or placebo in ... | Inhibition of food-stimulated gastric acid secretion by cimetidine. The effect of cimetidine, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on gastric acid secretion stimulated by a homogenised meal was studied in six normal volunteers using an in vivo intragastric titration technique. The subjects were studied twice, no mor... | [
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PMID:5346 | [Morbus Crohn (enteritis regionalis)]. | Crohn's disease (regional enteritis) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory intestinal disorder of unknown etiology. Most commonly the terminal ileum in involved, a segmentary involvement of the bowel wall is rather characteristic. Main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea and weight loss. Radiologica... | [Morbus Crohn (enteritis regionalis)]. Crohn's disease (regional enteritis) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory intestinal disorder of unknown etiology. Most commonly the terminal ileum in involved, a segmentary involvement of the bowel wall is rather characteristic. Main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain, fever... | [
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PMID:5347 | [Levamisole, a chemically defined substance with immunostimulating potential--a review]. | In contrast to immunosuppression, immunostimulation is still at an early stage of development. Levamisole is the first chemically defined substance with immunostimulating potential which can be applied systemically. After a short consideration of the chemistry and pharmacology of Levamisole, its effect in different ani... | [Levamisole, a chemically defined substance with immunostimulating potential--a review]. In contrast to immunosuppression, immunostimulation is still at an early stage of development. Levamisole is the first chemically defined substance with immunostimulating potential which can be applied systemically. After a short c... | [
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PMID:5345 | Oral lesions caused by habits. | Oral lesions caused by habits can be of teeth only, of teeth and the soft tissues of the mouth or may be only of the soft tissues. Lesions of teeth are permanent and may remain even when there has been total destruction of soft tissues. Recognition of lesions due to habits such as betel chewing, snuff dipping, pipe smo... | Oral lesions caused by habits. Oral lesions caused by habits can be of teeth only, of teeth and the soft tissues of the mouth or may be only of the soft tissues. Lesions of teeth are permanent and may remain even when there has been total destruction of soft tissues. Recognition of lesions due to habits such as betel c... | [
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PMID:5372 | Adherence of bacterial to vaginal epithelial cells. | Vaginal epithelial cells from healthy women were washed and incubated in tissue culture medium with freshly isolated bacteria of the indigenous vaginal flora and with bacteria of species that have been discussed in conjunction with genital infections. After incubation and washing, the number of bacteria that adhered pe... | Adherence of bacterial to vaginal epithelial cells. Vaginal epithelial cells from healthy women were washed and incubated in tissue culture medium with freshly isolated bacteria of the indigenous vaginal flora and with bacteria of species that have been discussed in conjunction with genital infections. After incubation... | [
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PMID:5373 | Biological properties of an immunogenic pneumococcal subcellular preparation. | A subcellular fraction, designated PSP-3R, prepared from rough, type 3R Streptococcus pneumoniae is described, which affords excellent protection to mice against challenge with smooth organisms of the homologous serotype 3S and significant protection against heterologous challenge with serotypes 1S and 2S. Adjuvant enh... | Biological properties of an immunogenic pneumococcal subcellular preparation. A subcellular fraction, designated PSP-3R, prepared from rough, type 3R Streptococcus pneumoniae is described, which affords excellent protection to mice against challenge with smooth organisms of the homologous serotype 3S and significant pr... | [
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PMID:5374 | Nonspecific bactericidal activity of the lactoperoxidases-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide system of milk against Escherichia coli and some gram-negative pathogens. | Two strains of Escherichia coli and one strain each of Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were killed by the bactericidal activity of the lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide system in milk and in a synthetic medium. H2O2 was supplied exogenously by glucose oxidase, and glucose was produced at a... | Nonspecific bactericidal activity of the lactoperoxidases-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide system of milk against Escherichia coli and some gram-negative pathogens. Two strains of Escherichia coli and one strain each of Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were killed by the bactericidal activity of the lacto... | [
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PMID:5375 | Germination of Candida albicans induced by proline. | Blastospores of Candida albicans germinated in proline-biotin-buffer medium incubated at 37 C. Certain other amino acids in the glatamate, asparate, and pyruvate families also fostered germinaton but generally to a lesser extent than did proline. L-Cysteine, D-proline, and certain structural analogues of L-proline inhi... | Germination of Candida albicans induced by proline. Blastospores of Candida albicans germinated in proline-biotin-buffer medium incubated at 37 C. Certain other amino acids in the glatamate, asparate, and pyruvate families also fostered germinaton but generally to a lesser extent than did proline. L-Cysteine, D-proline... | [
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PMID:5376 | Partial purification and properties of Enterobacter cloacae heat-stable enterotoxin. | Cell free preparations of the whole-cell lysate and ultrafiltration (UF) fractions of broth cultures of a strain of Enterobacter cloacae, isolated from a Puerto Rican with tropical sprue, were assayed for their ability to induce in vivo net water secretion in the rat jejunum. The whole-cell lysate and UM-10 retentate o... | Partial purification and properties of Enterobacter cloacae heat-stable enterotoxin. Cell free preparations of the whole-cell lysate and ultrafiltration (UF) fractions of broth cultures of a strain of Enterobacter cloacae, isolated from a Puerto Rican with tropical sprue, were assayed for their ability to induce in viv... | [
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PMID:5377 | Further studies of the physical and metabolic properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus temperature-sensitive mutants. | Three temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus were classified as ribonucleic acid negative and as belonging to the same complementation group when measured by virus yields and [3H] uridine incorporation in paired, mixed infections at the nonpermissive temperature (38.5C). Mutant ts-22, the on... | Further studies of the physical and metabolic properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus temperature-sensitive mutants. Three temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus were classified as ribonucleic acid negative and as belonging to the same complementation group when measured by virus yields a... | [
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PMID:5378 | Interaction of cholera toxin and toxin derivatives with lymphocytes. II. Modulating effects of cholera toxin on in vivo humoral and cellular immune responses. | The in vivo effects of cholera toxin on lymphoid organ structure and function in mice were investigated. It was found that within a day following intravenous injection of 1 mug of toxin, thymus as well as spleen weight decreased but the animals remained healthy. Histological studies suggested that the involution of lym... | Interaction of cholera toxin and toxin derivatives with lymphocytes. II. Modulating effects of cholera toxin on in vivo humoral and cellular immune responses. The in vivo effects of cholera toxin on lymphoid organ structure and function in mice were investigated. It was found that within a day following intravenous inj... | [
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PMID:5380 | Electron paramagnetic resonance studies on spin-labelling of pepsin: effects of temperature, pH and urea on its conformation. | Pepsin was spin-labelled with N-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) bromoacetamide, possibly at the active site, at a beta-catboxyl group of a reactive aspartic acid. The spectrum of the spin-labelled pepsin showed that the spin probe was strongly immobilized (correlation time is greater than or equal to 10(-8) se... | Electron paramagnetic resonance studies on spin-labelling of pepsin: effects of temperature, pH and urea on its conformation. Pepsin was spin-labelled with N-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) bromoacetamide, possibly at the active site, at a beta-catboxyl group of a reactive aspartic acid. The spectrum of the sp... | [
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PMID:5381 | Characterization of an alkaline subtilopeptidase type Pfizer. | The physiochemical properties, amino acid composition and profile of the the tryptic peptides for an alkaline subtilopeptidase type Pfizer have been determined. The enzyme is stable in the pH range from 5 to 10, has a pH optimum of 9.5 to 10, and is relatively stable for a period of 2 h up to a temperature of 50C. Homo... | Characterization of an alkaline subtilopeptidase type Pfizer. The physiochemical properties, amino acid composition and profile of the the tryptic peptides for an alkaline subtilopeptidase type Pfizer have been determined. The enzyme is stable in the pH range from 5 to 10, has a pH optimum of 9.5 to 10, and is relative... | [
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PMID:5382 | Psychosomatic studies of psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia. | This paper uses some of the data on central nervous dysfunction in schizophrenic patients as a paradigm for the integration of biologic data with psychopathologic conditions. As such, a good portion of the paper emphasizes the methodologic and interpretive problems one must consider in "psychosomatic" studies of mental... | Psychosomatic studies of psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia. This paper uses some of the data on central nervous dysfunction in schizophrenic patients as a paradigm for the integration of biologic data with psychopathologic conditions. As such, a good portion of the paper emphasizes the methodologic and interpretive ... | [
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PMID:5383 | Biofeedback and self-control of physiological functions: clinical applications. | The parameters amenable to biofeedback learning are mentioned, including brainwaves, muscle tension, temperature, the cardiovascular system, and others. A discussion follows of the clinical application of biofeedback in the treatment of such disorders as tension headaches, neuromuscular re-education, epilepsy, "dyspone... | Biofeedback and self-control of physiological functions: clinical applications. The parameters amenable to biofeedback learning are mentioned, including brainwaves, muscle tension, temperature, the cardiovascular system, and others. A discussion follows of the clinical application of biofeedback in the treatment of suc... | [
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PMID:5384 | Psychophysiology of pain. | The recent literature on pain states shows: pain thresholds are relatively constant for an individual, but pain tolerance is influenced by psychological state; the expression of pain is a function partly of ethnic membership and degree of extroversion; pain complaints are determined as well by cultural and extroversive... | Psychophysiology of pain. The recent literature on pain states shows: pain thresholds are relatively constant for an individual, but pain tolerance is influenced by psychological state; the expression of pain is a function partly of ethnic membership and degree of extroversion; pain complaints are determined as well by... | [
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PMID:5388 | [Foot tendon dislocations]. | Two luxations of the tendon of the Peroneus longus and one luxation of the Tibialis posterior muscle are reported. All the three cases had a traumatical cause and none of them showed symptoms of dysplasia. That is why a simple reconstruction of the retinaculum strengthened by a flap of the periost seemed to be justifie... | [Foot tendon dislocations]. Two luxations of the tendon of the Peroneus longus and one luxation of the Tibialis posterior muscle are reported. All the three cases had a traumatical cause and none of them showed symptoms of dysplasia. That is why a simple reconstruction of the retinaculum strengthened by a flap of the p... | [
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PMID:5389 | Simultaneous pH and fluoride telemetry. A supplemental report. | Simultaneous telemetry of salivary fluoride and of interproximal plaqua pH at the entrance to an interproximal space was used to investigate the effects of sucrose-containing fluoride tablets dissolving in the vicinity of the fluoride and pH sensors. The dissolving of 1.0 mg fluoride-42 mg sucrose tablets caused only s... | Simultaneous pH and fluoride telemetry. A supplemental report. Simultaneous telemetry of salivary fluoride and of interproximal plaqua pH at the entrance to an interproximal space was used to investigate the effects of sucrose-containing fluoride tablets dissolving in the vicinity of the fluoride and pH sensors. The di... | [
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PMID:5385 | Isolations in a mosquito (Aedes pseudoscutellaris) cell line (Mos. 61) of yellow fever virus strains from original field material. | A simple, rapid and inexpensive method of isolating yellow fever (YF) virus from naturally infected mosquitoes, human liver and the serum of a sentinel monkey by inoculation of a continuous line of mosquito cells is described. The mosquito cells were more sensitive than suckling mice and marginally better than Vero cel... | Isolations in a mosquito (Aedes pseudoscutellaris) cell line (Mos. 61) of yellow fever virus strains from original field material. A simple, rapid and inexpensive method of isolating yellow fever (YF) virus from naturally infected mosquitoes, human liver and the serum of a sentinel monkey by inoculation of a continuous... | [
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PMID:5390 | The effect of sorbose on pH of mixed saliva and interproximal plaque. | Stimulated mixed saliva and interproximal plaque were exposed to the ketohexose sorbose. The average pH of an in vitro 1%-sorbose/saliva mixture increased with time when compared with a highly significant pH-decrease of a sucrose/saliva mixture. In contrast to sucrose rinses, the telemetrically recorded pH of interprox... | The effect of sorbose on pH of mixed saliva and interproximal plaque. Stimulated mixed saliva and interproximal plaque were exposed to the ketohexose sorbose. The average pH of an in vitro 1%-sorbose/saliva mixture increased with time when compared with a highly significant pH-decrease of a sucrose/saliva mixture. In c... | [
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PMID:5395 | Comparison of antibiotic-amended potato dextrose agar and acidified potato dextrose agar as growth substrates for fungi. | Fifteen fungal species, all isolated from food, were compared for their growth abilities on potato dextrose agar acidified to pH 3.5, and on nonacidified potato dextrose agar amended with 40 ppm chlortetracycline hydrochloride. Comparisons were made at 16, 21, 26, 32, and 37 degrees C. Of the 15 species, only Penicilli... | Comparison of antibiotic-amended potato dextrose agar and acidified potato dextrose agar as growth substrates for fungi. Fifteen fungal species, all isolated from food, were compared for their growth abilities on potato dextrose agar acidified to pH 3.5, and on nonacidified potato dextrose agar amended with 40 ppm chlo... | [
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PMID:5397 | Luminescence and respiratory activities of Photobacterium phosphoreum. Competition for cellular reducing power. | Changes in the in vivo luminescence, respiratory activities, contents of cytochromes, extractable luciferase and NAD(P)H-FMN reductase during growth of the wild (bright) strain of Photobacterium phosphoreum and its dim mutant were determined. The intensity of the in vivo luminescence per cell increased 10 times in the ... | Luminescence and respiratory activities of Photobacterium phosphoreum. Competition for cellular reducing power. Changes in the in vivo luminescence, respiratory activities, contents of cytochromes, extractable luciferase and NAD(P)H-FMN reductase during growth of the wild (bright) strain of Photobacterium phosphoreum a... | [
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PMID:5398 | Purification and characterization of inorganic pyrophosphatase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. | Inorganic pyrophosphatase [EC 3.6.1.1] was purified from Bacillus stearothermophilus to a homogeneous state both ultracentrifugally and electrophoretically. Ultracentrifugal analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the enzyme is 122,000 and the sedimentation coefficient (S0.34%/20, W) is 5.2S. The enzyme molecule... | Purification and characterization of inorganic pyrophosphatase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Inorganic pyrophosphatase [EC 3.6.1.1] was purified from Bacillus stearothermophilus to a homogeneous state both ultracentrifugally and electrophoretically. Ultracentrifugal analysis revealed that the molecular weight of th... | [
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PMID:5399 | Studies on peroxisomes. V. Effect of ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on the centrifugal behavior of rat liver peroxisomes. | After Wistar male rats had been fed on a diet containing 0.25% of ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) for 28 days, changes in the enzyme activities and centrifugal behavior of rat liver peroxisomes were investigated. (1) Compared with control rats fed on the basal diet, the catalase [EC 1.11.1.6] activity of rat li... | Studies on peroxisomes. V. Effect of ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on the centrifugal behavior of rat liver peroxisomes. After Wistar male rats had been fed on a diet containing 0.25% of ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) for 28 days, changes in the enzyme activities and centrifugal behavior of rat liver peroxi... | [
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PMID:5400 | Purification and characterization of pyruvate decarboxylase from sweet potato roots. | Pyruvate decarboxylase [2-oxo acid carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.1] was isolated from sweet potato roots and was partially purified from healthy and diseased tissues. There was no appreciable difference in properties between the enzymes from healthy and diseased tissues. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 240... | Purification and characterization of pyruvate decarboxylase from sweet potato roots. Pyruvate decarboxylase [2-oxo acid carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.1] was isolated from sweet potato roots and was partially purified from healthy and diseased tissues. There was no appreciable difference in properties between the enzymes from... | [
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PMID:5401 | Quantitative determination of anomeric forms of sugar produced by amylases. V. Anomeric forms of maltose produced in the hydrolytic reaction of substituted phenyl alpha-maltosides catalyzed by saccharifying alpha-amylase from B. subtilis. | 1. Hydrolyses of phenyl alpha-maltoside and its derivatives with various substituents (p-NO2, p-C1, p-CH3, p-C2H5, and p-C(CH3)3) catalyzed by saccharifying alpha-amylase from B. subtilis3 [EC 3.2.1.1] were studied under conditions such that the products were only maltose and the corresponding phenols (1), in order to ... | Quantitative determination of anomeric forms of sugar produced by amylases. V. Anomeric forms of maltose produced in the hydrolytic reaction of substituted phenyl alpha-maltosides catalyzed by saccharifying alpha-amylase from B. subtilis. 1. Hydrolyses of phenyl alpha-maltoside and its derivatives with various substitu... | [
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PMID:5402 | Studies on a phospholipase B from Penicillium notatum. Purification, properties, and mode of action. | 1. Phospholipase B which hydrolyzes both the acyl ester bonds of diacylphospholipids (diacyl-hydrolase) and the acyl ester bond of monoacylphospholipids or lysophospholipids, [monoacyl-hydrolase or lysophospholipase, EC 3.1.1.5] was purified from Penicillium notatum about 2000-fold over the crude extract. The final pre... | Studies on a phospholipase B from Penicillium notatum. Purification, properties, and mode of action. 1. Phospholipase B which hydrolyzes both the acyl ester bonds of diacylphospholipids (diacyl-hydrolase) and the acyl ester bond of monoacylphospholipids or lysophospholipids, [monoacyl-hydrolase or lysophospholipase, EC... | [
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PMID:5403 | Substrate specificity of carboxypeptidase from Watermelon. | The substrate specificity of carboxypeptidase (F-II) purified from watermelon for various synthetic peptides and esters was examined kinetically. The enzyme showed a broad substrate specificity against various carbobenzoxy- and benzyl-dipeptides. Peptides containing glycine or proline were hydrolyzed slowly by the enzy... | Substrate specificity of carboxypeptidase from Watermelon. The substrate specificity of carboxypeptidase (F-II) purified from watermelon for various synthetic peptides and esters was examined kinetically. The enzyme showed a broad substrate specificity against various carbobenzoxy- and benzyl-dipeptides. Peptides conta... | [
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PMID:5404 | Further confirmation of carboxypeptidase Y as a metal-free enzyme having a reactive serine residue. | The metal content of carboxypeptidase Y was analyzed by the atomic absorption method. After exhaustive dialysis against an EDTA solution, the enzyme showed no loss of activity nor any significant content of metals (Zh,Mg,Ca,Cu,Mn,Ni,Fe, and Co). The activity was, however, rather sensitive to preincubation with various ... | Further confirmation of carboxypeptidase Y as a metal-free enzyme having a reactive serine residue. The metal content of carboxypeptidase Y was analyzed by the atomic absorption method. After exhaustive dialysis against an EDTA solution, the enzyme showed no loss of activity nor any significant content of metals (Zh,Mg... | [
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PMID:5405 | Inhibition of polypeptide synthesis by tRNA fractions in rat liver cell-free systems. | The mechanism of inhibition of polypeptide synthesis by the addition of a tRNA fraction in a rat liver cell-free system was studied. The inhibition was found to occur at the step of aminoacyl-tRNA binding to ribosomes, in which aminoacyl-tRNA's were mainly responsible for the inhibition. The addition of EF-1 decreased ... | Inhibition of polypeptide synthesis by tRNA fractions in rat liver cell-free systems. The mechanism of inhibition of polypeptide synthesis by the addition of a tRNA fraction in a rat liver cell-free system was studied. The inhibition was found to occur at the step of aminoacyl-tRNA binding to ribosomes, in which aminoa... | [
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PMID:5406 | alpha-Chymotryptic hydrolysis of derivatives of the specific substrates with substituents in the nucleus. | Steady state kinetic studies of alpha-chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1]-catalyzed hydrolysis of nucleus-substituted derivatives of the specific substrates were made at pH 6.5 and 7.8. Ac-Trp(NCps)-OMe was hydrolyzed more readily than Ac-Trp-OMe owing to its smaller Km value. The kcat values of Ac-Trp(CHO)-OMe and Ac-Tyr(3-no2... | alpha-Chymotryptic hydrolysis of derivatives of the specific substrates with substituents in the nucleus. Steady state kinetic studies of alpha-chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1]-catalyzed hydrolysis of nucleus-substituted derivatives of the specific substrates were made at pH 6.5 and 7.8. Ac-Trp(NCps)-OMe was hydrolyzed more ... | [
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... |
PMID:5407 | Intracellular pH (pHi) of red cells stored in acid citrate dextrose medium. Effects of temperature and citrate anions. | The intracellular pH (pHi) of red cells stored in acid citrate dextrose (ACD) medium was estimated by the 5,5'-dimethyloxazoldine,-2,4-dione (DMO) method. The initial pHi at 4degrees was about 7.6 and was higher than the extracellular pH (pHe) at 4degrees. During storage, both pHi and pHe decreased, but the former was ... | Intracellular pH (pHi) of red cells stored in acid citrate dextrose medium. Effects of temperature and citrate anions. The intracellular pH (pHi) of red cells stored in acid citrate dextrose (ACD) medium was estimated by the 5,5'-dimethyloxazoldine,-2,4-dione (DMO) method. The initial pHi at 4degrees was about 7.6 and ... | [
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PMID:5408 | Purification and properties of two ribonucleases in different intracellular compartments in pea root tissue. | Two RNases in bound forms associated with the microsomal membrane and with the ribosomes or unknown particles in pea root tissue were solubilized by subjecting the membrane to sonic oscillation in the presence of EDTA and KC1 and by treating the particles with EDTA, respectively. The RNases were than purified by DEAE-c... | Purification and properties of two ribonucleases in different intracellular compartments in pea root tissue. Two RNases in bound forms associated with the microsomal membrane and with the ribosomes or unknown particles in pea root tissue were solubilized by subjecting the membrane to sonic oscillation in the presence o... | [
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PMID:5409 | Purification and properties of an exo-cellulase component of novel type from Trichoderma miride. | An enzyme extract from Cellulase-Onozuka, a commercial product of Trichoderma viride, was fractionated by Amberlite CG-50 column chromatography into three cellulase [EC 3.2.1.4] groups, peaks I to III. A noval enzyme, which has both beta-glucosidase [EC 3.2.1.21] and exo-carboxymethyl-cellulase (exo-CMCase) properties ... | Purification and properties of an exo-cellulase component of novel type from Trichoderma miride. An enzyme extract from Cellulase-Onozuka, a commercial product of Trichoderma viride, was fractionated by Amberlite CG-50 column chromatography into three cellulase [EC 3.2.1.4] groups, peaks I to III. A noval enzyme, which... | [
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0.000823... |
PMID:5410 | Studies on D-tetrose metabolism. VI. Crystallization and some properties of D-erythrulose reducatase from beef liver. | D-Erythrulose reductase of beef liver was crystallized from ammonium sulfate solution at pH 8.17. The crystals are needle-shaped. The enzyme protein contains 851 amino acid residues per mole of the enzyme: Lys28, His11, Arg52, Asp79, Thr58, Ser56, Glu68, Pro20, Gly80, Ala107, Val112, Met24, Ile31, Leu88, Tyr7, Phe22, T... | Studies on D-tetrose metabolism. VI. Crystallization and some properties of D-erythrulose reducatase from beef liver. D-Erythrulose reductase of beef liver was crystallized from ammonium sulfate solution at pH 8.17. The crystals are needle-shaped. The enzyme protein contains 851 amino acid residues per mole of the enzy... | [
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PMID:5411 | Studies on phospholipases from Streptomyces. III. Purification and properties of Streptomyces hachijoensis phospholipase C. | 1. Phospholipase C [EC 3.1.4.3] found in the growth medium of Streptomyces hachijoensis was purified about sixty-fold by dialysis and column chromatography on Sephadex G-50. 2. The active fraction was separated by isoelectric focusing into two fractions, phospholipase C-I (pI 6.0) and phospholipase C-II (pI 5.6). 3. Bo... | Studies on phospholipases from Streptomyces. III. Purification and properties of Streptomyces hachijoensis phospholipase C. 1. Phospholipase C [EC 3.1.4.3] found in the growth medium of Streptomyces hachijoensis was purified about sixty-fold by dialysis and column chromatography on Sephadex G-50. 2. The active fraction... | [
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PMID:5412 | Thermal denaturation and regeneration of japanese-radish peroxidase. | Thermal denaturation of Japanese-radish peroxidase [EC 1.11.1.7] was investigated with respect to its spectrophotometric properties and effect on the enzymatic activity. Inactivation of the peroxidase occurred at temperatures higher than 60degrees and involved three processes, i.e., dissociation of protohemin from the ... | Thermal denaturation and regeneration of japanese-radish peroxidase. Thermal denaturation of Japanese-radish peroxidase [EC 1.11.1.7] was investigated with respect to its spectrophotometric properties and effect on the enzymatic activity. Inactivation of the peroxidase occurred at temperatures higher than 60degrees and... | [
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0.021818608045578003,
-0.06510531157255173,
0.017579298466444016,
0.0623... |
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