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PMID:6468 | Kinetics of binding of the toxic lectins abrin and ricin to surface receptors of human cells. | Kinetic parameters of the interaction of the toxic lectins abrin and ricin with human erythrocytes and HeLa cells have been measured. The binding of 125I-labeled abrin and ricin to human erythrocytes and to HeLa cells at 37 degrees was maximal around pH 7, whereas at 0 degrees the binding was similar over a broad pH ra... | Kinetics of binding of the toxic lectins abrin and ricin to surface receptors of human cells. Kinetic parameters of the interaction of the toxic lectins abrin and ricin with human erythrocytes and HeLa cells have been measured. The binding of 125I-labeled abrin and ricin to human erythrocytes and to HeLa cells at 37 de... | [
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PMID:6469 | Sea urchin sperm guanylate cyclase. Purification and loss of cooperativity. | The Lubrol-dispersed guanylate cyclase from sea urchin sperm was purified and isolated essentially free of detergent by GTP affinity chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and gel filtration. After removal of the detergent, the enzyme remained in solution in the presence of 20% glycerol. The specific activity of... | Sea urchin sperm guanylate cyclase. Purification and loss of cooperativity. The Lubrol-dispersed guanylate cyclase from sea urchin sperm was purified and isolated essentially free of detergent by GTP affinity chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and gel filtration. After removal of the detergent, the enzyme re... | [
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PMID:6470 | Biochemical characterization of mutant forms of DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli. I. The polA12 mutation. | DNA polymerase I has been purified to greater than 90% homogeneity from a strain of Escherichia coli K12 that bears the temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase I mutatation, polA12. The mutant enzyme has a reduced electrophoretic mobility and sedimentation rate. It is abnormally thermolabile and is rapidly inactivated at ... | Biochemical characterization of mutant forms of DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli. I. The polA12 mutation. DNA polymerase I has been purified to greater than 90% homogeneity from a strain of Escherichia coli K12 that bears the temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase I mutatation, polA12. The mutant enzyme has a reduc... | [
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PMID:6471 | Purification of plasma membrane penicillinase from Bacillus licheniformis 749/C and comparison with exoenzyme. | The membrane penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C has been demonstrated to be a phospholipoprotein. The homogeneous enzyme gives a positive reaction for phosphorous and for unsaturated fatty acids, has a molecular weight of 33,000 in contrast to 29,000 for the exoenzyme, and contains 8 to 9 additional residues... | Purification of plasma membrane penicillinase from Bacillus licheniformis 749/C and comparison with exoenzyme. The membrane penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C has been demonstrated to be a phospholipoprotein. The homogeneous enzyme gives a positive reaction for phosphorous and for unsaturated fatty acids, ha... | [
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PMID:6473 | Hemoglobins of the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Temperature dependence of oxygen binding and pH dependence of subunit dissociation. | The temperature dependence of the oxygen equilibrium of tadpole hemoglobin has been determined between 0 degrees and 32 degrees for the unfractionated but phosphate-free lysate and between 12 degrees and 32 degrees for each of the four isolated components between pH 6 and 10 in 0.05 M cacodylate, Tris, or glycine buffe... | Hemoglobins of the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Temperature dependence of oxygen binding and pH dependence of subunit dissociation. The temperature dependence of the oxygen equilibrium of tadpole hemoglobin has been determined between 0 degrees and 32 degrees for the unfractionated but phosphate-free lysa... | [
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PMID:6474 | Dissociation of CO from carboxyhemoglobin. | The reaction between carboxyhemoglobin and reduced microperoxidase (MP): Hb4(CO)4 + 4MP=Hb4 + 4MPCO, recently reported by us, has been further studied. By generating species Hb4(CO), Hb4(CO)2, and Hb(CO)3 in the stopped flow cuvette by the reaction of dithionite with the species of the general formula Hb4(O2)x(CO)y(x +... | Dissociation of CO from carboxyhemoglobin. The reaction between carboxyhemoglobin and reduced microperoxidase (MP): Hb4(CO)4 + 4MP=Hb4 + 4MPCO, recently reported by us, has been further studied. By generating species Hb4(CO), Hb4(CO)2, and Hb(CO)3 in the stopped flow cuvette by the reaction of dithionite with the speci... | [
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PMID:6475 | Adrenodoxin reductase. Properties of the complexes of reduced enzyme with NADP+ and NADPH. | Anaerobic reduction of the flavoprotein adrenodoxin reductase with NADPH yields a spectrum with long wavelength absorbance, 750 nm and higher. No EPR signal is observed. This spectrum is produced by titration of oxidized adrenodoxin reductase with NADPH, or of dithionite-reduced adrenodoxin reductase with NADP+. Both t... | Adrenodoxin reductase. Properties of the complexes of reduced enzyme with NADP+ and NADPH. Anaerobic reduction of the flavoprotein adrenodoxin reductase with NADPH yields a spectrum with long wavelength absorbance, 750 nm and higher. No EPR signal is observed. This spectrum is produced by titration of oxidized adrenodo... | [
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PMID:6476 | A transition state analog of lysozyme catalysis prepared from the bacterial cell wall tetrasaccharide. | Treatment of the cell wall tetrasaccharide GlcNAcbeta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc with alkali resulted in the formation of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-delta2,3-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseen. ... | A transition state analog of lysozyme catalysis prepared from the bacterial cell wall tetrasaccharide. Treatment of the cell wall tetrasaccharide GlcNAcbeta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc with alkali resulted in the formation of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide GlcNAc-beta(1 lea... | [
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PMID:6477 | The study of 1-electron equivalent oxidation-reduction reactions by fast pulse generation of reagents. Cytochrome c/ferri-ferrocyanide system. | The method of pulse radiolysis was used to generate reagents in situ in times (500 ns to 1.5 mus) short compared with the rates of the observed biochemical processes. This "instant" mixing technique is compared with rapid stopped flow measurements (limited in rates and concentrations) and T-jump measurements (limited t... | The study of 1-electron equivalent oxidation-reduction reactions by fast pulse generation of reagents. Cytochrome c/ferri-ferrocyanide system. The method of pulse radiolysis was used to generate reagents in situ in times (500 ns to 1.5 mus) short compared with the rates of the observed biochemical processes. This "inst... | [
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PMID:6478 | beta-Mannosidase from the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. | beta-D-Mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), a useful tool for the structural studies of heterosaccharide chains, has been isolated in a highly purified form from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. This mushroom is unique among reported sources of this enzyme in that it has the advantage of being almost free... | beta-Mannosidase from the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. beta-D-Mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), a useful tool for the structural studies of heterosaccharide chains, has been isolated in a highly purified form from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. This mushroom is unique among reported sources of this ... | [
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PMID:6479 | The carbamate reaction of glycylglycine, plasma, and tissue extracts evaluated by a pH stopped flow apparatus. | We have used a stopped flow rapid reaction pH apparatus to investigate the carbamate equilibrium in glycylglycine solutions and in three biological tissues, human plasma, sheep muscle, and sheep brain, as well as to investigate the kinetics of carbamate formation in glyclyglycine solution and in human plasma. The rapid... | The carbamate reaction of glycylglycine, plasma, and tissue extracts evaluated by a pH stopped flow apparatus. We have used a stopped flow rapid reaction pH apparatus to investigate the carbamate equilibrium in glycylglycine solutions and in three biological tissues, human plasma, sheep muscle, and sheep brain, as well... | [
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PMID:6480 | The contractile basis of ameboid movement. II. Structure and contractility of motile extracts and plasmalemma-ectoplasm ghosts. | The role of calcium and magnesium-ATP on the structure and contractility in motile extracts of Amoeba proteus and plasmalemma-ectoplasm "ghosts" of Chaos carolinensis has been investigated by correlating light and electron microscope observations with turbidity and birefringence measurements. The extract is nonmotile a... | The contractile basis of ameboid movement. II. Structure and contractility of motile extracts and plasmalemma-ectoplasm ghosts. The role of calcium and magnesium-ATP on the structure and contractility in motile extracts of Amoeba proteus and plasmalemma-ectoplasm "ghosts" of Chaos carolinensis has been investigated by ... | [
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PMID:6481 | Variation in aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase activity in heteroploid and predominantly diploid rat liver cells in culture. | Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase is present and inducible in Buffalo rat liver cells in culture. There is substantial variation in both basal and inducible hydroxylase activities among heteroploid subclones isolated from a heteroploid parent population, and among diploid subclones isolated from a diploid p... | Variation in aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase activity in heteroploid and predominantly diploid rat liver cells in culture. Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase is present and inducible in Buffalo rat liver cells in culture. There is substantial variation in both basal and inducible hydroxylase ac... | [
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PMID:6484 | Isocratic separation of some purine nucleotide, nucleoside, and base metabolites from biological extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography. | Separation of ATP, ADP, AMP, adenine, adenosine, cAMP, ITP, IDP, IMP, hypoxanthine, inosine, cIMP, the guanine series, NAD, NADPH, xanthine, 3-methylxanthine, theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine was accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography with a microparticulate reversed-phase column. Under isocra... | Isocratic separation of some purine nucleotide, nucleoside, and base metabolites from biological extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography. Separation of ATP, ADP, AMP, adenine, adenosine, cAMP, ITP, IDP, IMP, hypoxanthine, inosine, cIMP, the guanine series, NAD, NADPH, xanthine, 3-methylxanthine, theobromine,... | [
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PMID:6486 | Synthetic MIF has no effect on beta-MSH and ACTH hypersecretion in Nelson's syndrome. | The effect of synthetic MIF (H-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) on beta-MSH secretion was studied in five patients with Nelson's syndrome and in one patient with Addison's disease. Two milligrams of the tripetide were injected intravenously (1 mg in an acute injection, followed by a 30-minute-infusion of 1 mg in 20 ml of saline soluti... | Synthetic MIF has no effect on beta-MSH and ACTH hypersecretion in Nelson's syndrome. The effect of synthetic MIF (H-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) on beta-MSH secretion was studied in five patients with Nelson's syndrome and in one patient with Addison's disease. Two milligrams of the tripetide were injected intravenously (1 mg in ... | [
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PMID:6487 | Description of a polyvalent conjugate and a new serogroup of Bacteroides melaninogenicus by fluorescent antibody staining. | A polyvalent conjugate (fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibody reagent) containing serogroups A, B, and C conjugates was prepared. This polyvalent conjugate gave a positive fluorescent antibody (FA) stain with 49 stains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus representing serogroups A, B, and C. When additional strains (92... | Description of a polyvalent conjugate and a new serogroup of Bacteroides melaninogenicus by fluorescent antibody staining. A polyvalent conjugate (fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibody reagent) containing serogroups A, B, and C conjugates was prepared. This polyvalent conjugate gave a positive fluorescent antibod... | [
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PMID:6488 | Regulation of acid-base equilibrium in chronic hypocapnia. Evidence that the response of the kidney is not geared to the defense of extracellular (H+). | It is generally believed that the reduction in plasma [HCO3] characteristic of chronic hypocapnia results from renal homeostatic mechanisms designed to minimize the alkalemia produced by.the hypocapneic state. To test this hypothesis, we have induced chronic hypocapnia in dogs in which plasma [HCO3] had previously been... | Regulation of acid-base equilibrium in chronic hypocapnia. Evidence that the response of the kidney is not geared to the defense of extracellular (H+). It is generally believed that the reduction in plasma [HCO3] characteristic of chronic hypocapnia results from renal homeostatic mechanisms designed to minimize the alk... | [
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PMID:6489 | Characterization of the protease activity in the chemotactic factor inactivator. | The chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) isolated from human serum contains a kininase activity that causes extensive hydrolysis of bradykinin. The highly chemotactic synthetic peptide Met-Leu-Phe was completely hydrolyzed by CFI preparations. The release of the constituent amino acids from this peptide coincided with ... | Characterization of the protease activity in the chemotactic factor inactivator. The chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) isolated from human serum contains a kininase activity that causes extensive hydrolysis of bradykinin. The highly chemotactic synthetic peptide Met-Leu-Phe was completely hydrolyzed by CFI preparati... | [
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PMID:6490 | Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in selected autoimmune diseases. | Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa. Sjogren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. The target cells were chicken erythrocytes coated with rabbit anti-chicken erythrocyte antibody. Antibody-... | Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in selected autoimmune diseases. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa. Sjogren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. The target cells were chick... | [
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PMID:6491 | The role of adrenergic mechanisms in the substrate and hormonal response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. | Sequential determinations of glucose outflow and inflow, and rates of gluconeogenesis from alanine, before, during and after insulin-induced hypoglycemia were obtained in relation to alterations in circulating epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone in six normal subjects. Insulin decreased ... | The role of adrenergic mechanisms in the substrate and hormonal response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. Sequential determinations of glucose outflow and inflow, and rates of gluconeogenesis from alanine, before, during and after insulin-induced hypoglycemia were obtained in relation to alterations in circulati... | [
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PMID:6492 | The effect of hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion. | This study was designed to determine the effect of acute hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion. The blood PCO2 declined and stabilized rapidly when bicarbonate loaded rats were hyperventilated. In contrast, the urine PCO2 declined slowly, resulting in an early increase in the urine minus blood (U-B)... | The effect of hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion. This study was designed to determine the effect of acute hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion. The blood PCO2 declined and stabilized rapidly when bicarbonate loaded rats were hyperventilated. In contrast, the urine PCO2 decli... | [
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PMID:6493 | Enzymic basis for cyclic GMP accumulation in degenerative photoreceptor cells of mouse retina. | The activities of guanylate cyclase, guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) phosphodiesterase and 5'-nucleotidase were measured during postnatal development in retinas of control and C3H/HeJ mice. In control retina, each of these enzyme activities increases in conjunction with photoreceptor cell differentiation an... | Enzymic basis for cyclic GMP accumulation in degenerative photoreceptor cells of mouse retina. The activities of guanylate cyclase, guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) phosphodiesterase and 5'-nucleotidase were measured during postnatal development in retinas of control and C3H/HeJ mice. In control retina, each... | [
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PMID:6494 | beta-Adrenergic receptors in rat brain. | 125I-Iodohydroxybenzylpindolol ([125I] IHYP), a potent beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, has been used to study beta-adrenergic receptors in rat brain. Binding of [125I] IHYP (30 pM) to a membrane fraction min and dissociation took place with a half time of about 16 min. Phentolamine (10(-4) M) decreased non-recepto... | beta-Adrenergic receptors in rat brain. 125I-Iodohydroxybenzylpindolol ([125I] IHYP), a potent beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, has been used to study beta-adrenergic receptors in rat brain. Binding of [125I] IHYP (30 pM) to a membrane fraction min and dissociation took place with a half time of about 16 min. Phent... | [
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PMID:6495 | Effects of citrus pulp in high urea rations for steers. | Effects of pelleted and conventional citrus pulp as a replacement for corn, with soybean meal added to keep protein comparable, were tested in rations with 5% urea and 33.33% sugarcane bagasse for fistulated steers. Thus, all rations were low in readily fermented carbohydrates other than those of corn or citrus pulp. E... | Effects of citrus pulp in high urea rations for steers. Effects of pelleted and conventional citrus pulp as a replacement for corn, with soybean meal added to keep protein comparable, were tested in rations with 5% urea and 33.33% sugarcane bagasse for fistulated steers. Thus, all rations were low in readily fermented ... | [
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PMID:6499 | Aspirin-induced gastritis and gastrointestinal bleeding. | Aspirin-induced gastritis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage were reviewed and discussed on the basis of currently available literature. Acute hemorrhagic gastritis occurs in from 50% to 70% of all patients taking aspirin, is not directly related to dose size, and can be severe enough to cause death in a few cases. No tol... | Aspirin-induced gastritis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Aspirin-induced gastritis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage were reviewed and discussed on the basis of currently available literature. Acute hemorrhagic gastritis occurs in from 50% to 70% of all patients taking aspirin, is not directly related to dose size, and c... | [
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PMID:6504 | Urologic sepsis/shock. | At Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center during the six-year period 1968-1973, there were 1236 cases of sepsis from Gram-negative pathogens; 124 of these originated in the urinary tract. Of these 124 patients, 19 died-a mortality rate of 15.3 percent. There were 205 deaths among the 1236 patients with sepsis from Gramne... | Urologic sepsis/shock. At Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center during the six-year period 1968-1973, there were 1236 cases of sepsis from Gram-negative pathogens; 124 of these originated in the urinary tract. Of these 124 patients, 19 died-a mortality rate of 15.3 percent. There were 205 deaths among the 1236 patients ... | [
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PMID:6505 | [Study of fetal heart rate in deliveries complicated by fetal acidosis]. | A study has been carried out on the parameters of the graph of the fetal heart rate (the basal rate and dips) in 44 cases of acute fetal distress with a pH lower than 7.2 in the blood and in 30 normal deliveries. The statistical analysis confirms that there is a significant rise in the number of heart rate abnormalitie... | [Study of fetal heart rate in deliveries complicated by fetal acidosis]. A study has been carried out on the parameters of the graph of the fetal heart rate (the basal rate and dips) in 44 cases of acute fetal distress with a pH lower than 7.2 in the blood and in 30 normal deliveries. The statistical analysis confirms ... | [
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PMID:6591 | The cleaning and disinfection by heat of bedpans in automatic and semi-automatic machines. | This work is concerned with the cleaning and disinfection by heat of stainless-steel and polypropylene bedpans, which had been soiled with either a biological contaminant, human serum albumin (HSA) labelled with technetium-99m 99m(Tc), or a bacteriological contaminant, streptococcus faecalis mixed with Tc-labelled HSA.... | The cleaning and disinfection by heat of bedpans in automatic and semi-automatic machines. This work is concerned with the cleaning and disinfection by heat of stainless-steel and polypropylene bedpans, which had been soiled with either a biological contaminant, human serum albumin (HSA) labelled with technetium-99m 99... | [
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PMID:6592 | Factors affecting the sensitivity of replicating McCoy cells in the isolation and growth of chlamydia A (TRIC agents). | Normal non-irradiated McCoy cell cultures provide a sensitive and reproducible method for the isolation of oculo-genital strains of chlamydia A directly from human secretions and for laboratory studies with these agents. Since September 1973, chlamydia have been isolated from 175 of 562 women (32-1%) attending venereal... | Factors affecting the sensitivity of replicating McCoy cells in the isolation and growth of chlamydia A (TRIC agents). Normal non-irradiated McCoy cell cultures provide a sensitive and reproducible method for the isolation of oculo-genital strains of chlamydia A directly from human secretions and for laboratory studies... | [
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PMID:6593 | Effect of six weekly transfusions on canine marrow grafts: tests for sensitization and abrogation of sensitization by procarbazine and antithymocyte serum. | We have previously shown that blood transfusions can immunize a dog and lead to rejection of a subsequent marrow graft despite lethal total body irradiation (TBI). Sensitization to histocompatibility antigens induced by two prior transfusions of whole blood could be overcome by a regimen of procarbazine and anti-thymoc... | Effect of six weekly transfusions on canine marrow grafts: tests for sensitization and abrogation of sensitization by procarbazine and antithymocyte serum. We have previously shown that blood transfusions can immunize a dog and lead to rejection of a subsequent marrow graft despite lethal total body irradiation (TBI). ... | [
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PMID:6594 | Fine structure of three different anti-fluorescein combining sites: induced circular dichroism of hapten bound to autologous and heterologous recombinants. | We have previously reported the sequential appearance in hyperimmunized rabbits of three distinct types of antifluorescein-combining sites that can be distinguished by the characteristic induced circular dichroism (CD) of the bound hapten, fluorescein. Such induced CD depends on the configuration of the surrounding res... | Fine structure of three different anti-fluorescein combining sites: induced circular dichroism of hapten bound to autologous and heterologous recombinants. We have previously reported the sequential appearance in hyperimmunized rabbits of three distinct types of antifluorescein-combining sites that can be distinguished... | [
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PMID:6595 | Biological expressions of lymphocyte activation. V. Characterization of a soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) produced by concanavalin A-activated spleen cells. | Supernatant fluids from murine spleen cell cultures incubated with concanavalin A for 48 hr contain a factor(s), soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS), which suppresses plaque-forming cell responses to sheep erythrocytes by murine spleen cells in vitro. In the present studies, some of the biochemical and biophysica... | Biological expressions of lymphocyte activation. V. Characterization of a soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) produced by concanavalin A-activated spleen cells. Supernatant fluids from murine spleen cell cultures incubated with concanavalin A for 48 hr contain a factor(s), soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS... | [
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PMID:6597 | Two distinct cellular patterns in cutaneous necrotizing angiitis. | Two distinct cellular patterns of necrotizing angiitis involving venules in skin of patients with clinically identical cutaneous lesions were appreciated by the 1 -mum-thick section technique. In those individuals with serum hypocomplementemia, there was a perivenular inflitrate composed predominantly of neutrophils wi... | Two distinct cellular patterns in cutaneous necrotizing angiitis. Two distinct cellular patterns of necrotizing angiitis involving venules in skin of patients with clinically identical cutaneous lesions were appreciated by the 1 -mum-thick section technique. In those individuals with serum hypocomplementemia, there was... | [
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PMID:6598 | Effect of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate on genital lesions and encephalitis induced by Herpesvirus hominis type 2 in female mice. | 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate, administered orally or topically, increased the number of survivors and mean day of death in mice inoculated intravaginally with Herpesvirus hominis type 2. Topical application of the drug in ointment significantly reduced the severity of genital lesions. Orally a... | Effect of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate on genital lesions and encephalitis induced by Herpesvirus hominis type 2 in female mice. 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate, administered orally or topically, increased the number of survivors and mean day of death in mice inoculated ... | [
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PMID:6600 | Histamine metabolism. I. Thin-layer radiochromatographic assays for histaminase and histidine decarboxylase enzyme activities. | Thin-layer radiochromatographic methods for the measurement of histaminase and histidine decarboxylase activities have been developed. The assays are specific for the respective enzymes, are sensitive and reproducible, and can be performed using commercially available substrates. The histaminase assay permits determina... | Histamine metabolism. I. Thin-layer radiochromatographic assays for histaminase and histidine decarboxylase enzyme activities. Thin-layer radiochromatographic methods for the measurement of histaminase and histidine decarboxylase activities have been developed. The assays are specific for the respective enzymes, are se... | [
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PMID:6601 | Effect of insulin on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and energy charge of the perfused guinea pig liver. | The effect of insulin was investigated in the isolated guinea pig liver perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing red blood cells and albumin. In the mitochondria isolated from livers perfused with 10 units of insulin per hour, the phosphorylative activity with glutamate as a substrate increased to about... | Effect of insulin on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and energy charge of the perfused guinea pig liver. The effect of insulin was investigated in the isolated guinea pig liver perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing red blood cells and albumin. In the mitochondria isolated from livers perfused... | [
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PMID:6603 | The use of phospholipid vesicles for in vitro studies on cholesteryl ester hydrolysis. | Radiolabeled cholesteryl oleate was incorporated into vesicles prepared from egg yolk lecithin and utilized as a substrate for studies of sterol ester hydrolases present in rat liver homogenates. The cholesteryl oleate was shown to be associated with vesicles (unilamellar liposomes) using Sepharose 4B chromatography. W... | The use of phospholipid vesicles for in vitro studies on cholesteryl ester hydrolysis. Radiolabeled cholesteryl oleate was incorporated into vesicles prepared from egg yolk lecithin and utilized as a substrate for studies of sterol ester hydrolases present in rat liver homogenates. The cholesteryl oleate was shown to b... | [
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PMID:6604 | The metabolism of 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid into cholic: an enzyme assay using homogenates of human liver. | An enzyme assay was developed to measure the conversion of the bile acid precursor, 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid (THCA), into cholic acid using homogenates of human liver biopsies. The average rate of metabolism of THCA into cholic acid was found to be 3.9 +/- 0.5 (+/- 1 SD) pmoles of ... | The metabolism of 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid into cholic: an enzyme assay using homogenates of human liver. An enzyme assay was developed to measure the conversion of the bile acid precursor, 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid (THCA), into cholic acid usin... | [
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PMID:6605 | Improved methods for the study of hepatic HMG CoA reductase: one-step isolation of mevalonolactone and rapid preparation of endoplasmic reticulum. | Two new methods are described for the study of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase. (1) Endoplasmic reticulum was rapidly prepared by diluting a 10,000 g supernatant with buffer containing 8 mM calcium chloride. The yield of protein and the specific activity of HMG CoA reductase in the pel... | Improved methods for the study of hepatic HMG CoA reductase: one-step isolation of mevalonolactone and rapid preparation of endoplasmic reticulum. Two new methods are described for the study of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase. (1) Endoplasmic reticulum was rapidly prepared by diluting ... | [
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PMID:6607 | Control of shell settling in the swimming sea anemone Stomphia coccinea. | 1. Electrical activity has been recorded from Stomphia coccinea during the behavioural sequence in which the detached anemone settles on to a Modiolus shell. 2. When a responsive tentacle contacts the shell, a short, complex burst of pulses is elicited. These remain confined to the region of contact. The endodermal slo... | Control of shell settling in the swimming sea anemone Stomphia coccinea. 1. Electrical activity has been recorded from Stomphia coccinea during the behavioural sequence in which the detached anemone settles on to a Modiolus shell. 2. When a responsive tentacle contacts the shell, a short, complex burst of pulses is eli... | [
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PMID:6608 | Two slow conduction systems co-ordinate shell-climbing behaviour in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica. | 1. Pulses in two slow conducting systems, the ectodermal SS 1 and the endodermal SS 2, were recorded during shell-climbing behaviour. The mean pulse interval of SS 1 pulses was 7-4 s and that of SS 2 pulses was 6-4 s. Activity in both systems may arise as a sensory response of tentacles to shell contact, but the SS 1 a... | Two slow conduction systems co-ordinate shell-climbing behaviour in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica. 1. Pulses in two slow conducting systems, the ectodermal SS 1 and the endodermal SS 2, were recorded during shell-climbing behaviour. The mean pulse interval of SS 1 pulses was 7-4 s and that of SS 2 pulses was 6-... | [
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PMID:6609 | Responses of trout gill ion transport systems to acute acidosis. | The response of rainbow trout Na+ and Cl- uptake systems to acute acidosis was tested by slow infusion of lactic acid into anaesthetized animals. Depression of blood pH by 0-4 pH unit had no effect on influx rates for either ion, and we conclude that gill ion uptake systems do not respond rapidly to blood pH changes. | Responses of trout gill ion transport systems to acute acidosis. The response of rainbow trout Na+ and Cl- uptake systems to acute acidosis was tested by slow infusion of lactic acid into anaesthetized animals. Depression of blood pH by 0-4 pH unit had no effect on influx rates for either ion, and we conclude that gill... | [
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PMID:6610 | On the interaction of NH+4 and Na+ fluxes in the isolated trout gill. | 1. Sodium influx was measured in isolated, previously perfused gill arches of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, by measuring incorporation of 22Na into gill tissue following timed exposure to a 1 mM 22NaCl medium. Transport rates approximated those estimated for intact fish and were linear for at least one min. 2. NH4Cl-... | On the interaction of NH+4 and Na+ fluxes in the isolated trout gill. 1. Sodium influx was measured in isolated, previously perfused gill arches of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, by measuring incorporation of 22Na into gill tissue following timed exposure to a 1 mM 22NaCl medium. Transport rates approximated those est... | [
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PMID:6611 | The mobilization of calcium and bicarbonate by raised concentrations of potassium in the haemolymph of the snail, Helix pomatia. | 1. After the concentration of potassium in the haemolymph of Helix pomatia has been raised by the infusion of KCl, it falls approximately exponentially for a time and then tends to rise. The accompanying rise and fall of calcium concentration can be fitted to a simple mathematical model. 2. The mobilization of calcium ... | The mobilization of calcium and bicarbonate by raised concentrations of potassium in the haemolymph of the snail, Helix pomatia. 1. After the concentration of potassium in the haemolymph of Helix pomatia has been raised by the infusion of KCl, it falls approximately exponentially for a time and then tends to rise. The ... | [
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PMID:6612 | A study of the unidirectional fluxes of Na and Cl across the gills of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula (Chondrichthyes). | The gills of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula are more permeable to Cl than to Na. In sea water, influx of Na and Cl exceeded the efflux of these ions. Under these conditions the fish were slightly electronegative, by about 2 mV, to the external solution. The net accumulation of Cl could be accounted for by diffusion ... | A study of the unidirectional fluxes of Na and Cl across the gills of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula (Chondrichthyes). The gills of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula are more permeable to Cl than to Na. In sea water, influx of Na and Cl exceeded the efflux of these ions. Under these conditions the fish were slightly... | [
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PMID:6613 | The actions of some putative neurotransmitters on the cockroach salivary gland. | 1. Certain putative transmitters were applied to the innervated cockroach salivary gland and their effects on the resting potential and the neurally evoked secretory potential of the acinar cells were observed. 2. gamma-Aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glycine, aspartate and alanine had no significant effect on the restin... | The actions of some putative neurotransmitters on the cockroach salivary gland. 1. Certain putative transmitters were applied to the innervated cockroach salivary gland and their effects on the resting potential and the neurally evoked secretory potential of the acinar cells were observed. 2. gamma-Aminobutyric acid, g... | [
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PMID:6614 | Branchial ion uptake in arctic grayling: resting values and effects of acid-base disturbance. | 1. Techniques for the measurement of unidirectional flux rates in fish which require no anaesthesia or surgery are described. 2. Resting values for Cl- uptake at 10 and 17 degrees C were 8-03 +/- 1-11 and 13-52 +/- 0-95 mu-equiv. 200 g-1 h-1 (+/- S.E.), respectively; and for Na+ the rates were 15-49 +/- 0-40 and 26-30 ... | Branchial ion uptake in arctic grayling: resting values and effects of acid-base disturbance. 1. Techniques for the measurement of unidirectional flux rates in fish which require no anaesthesia or surgery are described. 2. Resting values for Cl- uptake at 10 and 17 degrees C were 8-03 +/- 1-11 and 13-52 +/- 0-95 mu-equ... | [
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PMID:6615 | [Characterization of the oxidoreductase inhibitor (author's transl)]. | The oxidoreductase inhibitor was prepared from NAD in alkaline solution, and purified chromatographically. Investigations are reported on the extinction and fluorescence spectra, stability of the inhibitor, and the dependence of inhibition on the concentration of enzyme and coenzyme. Kinetic studies show that the inhib... | [Characterization of the oxidoreductase inhibitor (author's transl)]. The oxidoreductase inhibitor was prepared from NAD in alkaline solution, and purified chromatographically. Investigations are reported on the extinction and fluorescence spectra, stability of the inhibitor, and the dependence of inhibition on the con... | [
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PMID:6616 | [Formation and purification of the oxidoreductase inhibitor from NAD (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. | The oxidoreductase inhibitor is not formed from NADH as previously thought, but only from NAD under alkaline conditions. Analogues of NAD (e.g. NADP) and components of the NAD molecule (e.g. ADP) have no effect on the formation of the inhibitor. The most favourable pH, temperature, duration of incubation, type of buffe... | [Formation and purification of the oxidoreductase inhibitor from NAD (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. The oxidoreductase inhibitor is not formed from NADH as previously thought, but only from NAD under alkaline conditions. Analogues of NAD (e.g. NADP) and components of the NAD molecule (e.g. ADP) have no effect on the formation of ... | [
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PMID:6617 | Ventilation and metabolic rate of young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to sublethal environmental pH. | Differences between ventilatory response and metabolic rates of young rainbow trout tested within the sublethal range of pH 6 to pH 9 were observed using a flowing water respirometer. The oxygen consumption was monitored at swimming speeds of 12 cm/sec and 24 cm/sec. The oxygen consumption rates at 24 cm/sec and pH 6 (... | Ventilation and metabolic rate of young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to sublethal environmental pH. Differences between ventilatory response and metabolic rates of young rainbow trout tested within the sublethal range of pH 6 to pH 9 were observed using a flowing water respirometer. The oxygen consumption wa... | [
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PMID:6618 | Gustatory hairs on the mosquito, Culiseta inornata. | Gustatory hairs were investigated on the legs and mouthparts of Culiseta inornata (Williston) (Diptera: Culicidae). One type of hair, each innervated by four neurons, was found on the legs. Two of the neurons responded to NaCl stimulation, one neuron to water stimulation, and one neuron to sucrose stimulation. Three ki... | Gustatory hairs on the mosquito, Culiseta inornata. Gustatory hairs were investigated on the legs and mouthparts of Culiseta inornata (Williston) (Diptera: Culicidae). One type of hair, each innervated by four neurons, was found on the legs. Two of the neurons responded to NaCl stimulation, one neuron to water stimulat... | [
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PMID:6619 | Proton transport by phosphate diffusion--a mechanism of facilitated CO2 transfer. | We have measured CO2 fluxes across phosphate solutions at different carbonic anhydrase concentrations, bicarbonate concentration gradients, phosphate concentrations, and mobilities. Temperature was 22-25 degrees C, the pH of the phosphate solutions was 7.0-7.3. We found that under physiological conditions of pH and pCO... | Proton transport by phosphate diffusion--a mechanism of facilitated CO2 transfer. We have measured CO2 fluxes across phosphate solutions at different carbonic anhydrase concentrations, bicarbonate concentration gradients, phosphate concentrations, and mobilities. Temperature was 22-25 degrees C, the pH of the phosphate... | [
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PMID:6620 | Distribution of rhodopsin and retinochrome in the squid retina. | The cephalopod retina contains two kinds of photopigments, rhodopsin and retinochrome. For many years retinochrome has been thought to be localized in the inner segments of the visual cells, whereas rhodopsin is in the outer segments. However, it is now clear that retinochrome can be extracted also from fragments of ou... | Distribution of rhodopsin and retinochrome in the squid retina. The cephalopod retina contains two kinds of photopigments, rhodopsin and retinochrome. For many years retinochrome has been thought to be localized in the inner segments of the visual cells, whereas rhodopsin is in the outer segments. However, it is now cl... | [
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PMID:6621 | Formation and isolation of leucocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | A toxic substance, which destroyed leucocytes from man but was inactive against erythrocytes, was demonstrated in cultures of four out of 110 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested. The toxin, designated 'leucocidin', was cell-bound as a precursor toxin, exhibiting little or no toxicity. It was converted into toxin w... | Formation and isolation of leucocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A toxic substance, which destroyed leucocytes from man but was inactive against erythrocytes, was demonstrated in cultures of four out of 110 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested. The toxin, designated 'leucocidin', was cell-bound as a precursor tox... | [
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PMID:6622 | The production and growth characteristics of yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans in continuous culture. | The growth characteristics of Candida albicans CM145,348 have been examined under aerobic conditions in continuous culture. At different steady states the environment was controlled with respect to the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, carbon and nitrogen, the pH, and the temperature. Dry matter, substrate concentrat... | The production and growth characteristics of yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans in continuous culture. The growth characteristics of Candida albicans CM145,348 have been examined under aerobic conditions in continuous culture. At different steady states the environment was controlled with respect to the conce... | [
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PMID:6623 | The effect of nitrogen limitation on catabolite repression of amidase, histidase and urocanase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the synthesis of histidase, urocanase and amidase is severly repressed when succinate is added to a culture growing in pyruvate + ammonium salts medium. When growth is nitrogen-limited, catabolite repression by succinate of histidase and urocanase synthesis does not occur but succinate repres... | The effect of nitrogen limitation on catabolite repression of amidase, histidase and urocanase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the synthesis of histidase, urocanase and amidase is severly repressed when succinate is added to a culture growing in pyruvate + ammonium salts medium. When growth is nit... | [
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PMID:6624 | Decreased permeability as a mechanism of resistance to methyl benzimadazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) in Sporobolomyces roseus. | Mutants of Sporobolomyces roseus resistant to benzimidazole fungicides varied in their responses to 2-(thiazol-4-yl) benzimidazole (thiabendazole, TBZ), methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (benomyl) and methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (carbendazim, MCB). Incorporation of [14C] MBC into trichloroace... | Decreased permeability as a mechanism of resistance to methyl benzimadazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) in Sporobolomyces roseus. Mutants of Sporobolomyces roseus resistant to benzimidazole fungicides varied in their responses to 2-(thiazol-4-yl) benzimidazole (thiabendazole, TBZ), methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-benzimidazol-2-yl c... | [
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PMID:6625 | Accumulation and storage of Zn2+ by Candida utilis. | Starved cells of Candida utilis accumulated Zn2+ by two different processes. The first was a rapid, energy- and temperature-independent system that probably represented binding to the cell surface. The cells also possessed an energy-, pH-, and temperature-dependent system that was capable of accumulating much greater q... | Accumulation and storage of Zn2+ by Candida utilis. Starved cells of Candida utilis accumulated Zn2+ by two different processes. The first was a rapid, energy- and temperature-independent system that probably represented binding to the cell surface. The cells also possessed an energy-, pH-, and temperature-dependent sy... | [
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PMID:6630 | Mortality and cerebral metabolism after bilateral carotid artery ligation in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. | Mortality and cerebral glycolytic metabolism were studied after bilateral ligation of the common carotid artery in normotensive Wistar rats (NTR), and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) derived from Wistar strain. In the first 24 hours after occlusion of carotid arteries, 72 per cent of 108 SHR died, whereas it was ... | Mortality and cerebral metabolism after bilateral carotid artery ligation in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mortality and cerebral glycolytic metabolism were studied after bilateral ligation of the common carotid artery in normotensive Wistar rats (NTR), and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) deri... | [
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PMID:6631 | Effects of two desensitization techniques, biofeedback and relaxation, on intractable epilepsy: follow-up study. | Two techniques of desedsitization, biofeedback and relaxation, were employed in a crossover design for the treatment of three young female patinets suffering from drug resistant epilepsy associated with anxiety and phobic symptoms. The patients were followed up for 15 months after the six months of treatment. The resul... | Effects of two desensitization techniques, biofeedback and relaxation, on intractable epilepsy: follow-up study. Two techniques of desedsitization, biofeedback and relaxation, were employed in a crossover design for the treatment of three young female patinets suffering from drug resistant epilepsy associated with anxi... | [
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PMID:6632 | Skeletal muscle necrosis following membrane-active drugs plus serotonin. | Administration of imipramine plus serotonin (5-HT) to rats has been proposed as an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We studied the skeletal muscle necrosis produced in male rats given 5-HT after pretreatment with imipramine, other tricyclic antidepressants, or antihistamines, which like the tricyclic antide... | Skeletal muscle necrosis following membrane-active drugs plus serotonin. Administration of imipramine plus serotonin (5-HT) to rats has been proposed as an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We studied the skeletal muscle necrosis produced in male rats given 5-HT after pretreatment with imipramine, other tric... | [
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PMID:6638 | Time sequence of lipogenic changes in adipose tissue of rats when converted from ad libitum feeding to meal-eating. | This study was undertaken to establish the time sequence of lipogenic changes in adipose tissue of rats when converted from ad libitum feeding to meal-eating. Rats were fed a high carbohydrate diet 2 hours/day for 0 to 10 days (meal-eating). The high speed supernatant fraction from homogenized epididymal fat pads was a... | Time sequence of lipogenic changes in adipose tissue of rats when converted from ad libitum feeding to meal-eating. This study was undertaken to establish the time sequence of lipogenic changes in adipose tissue of rats when converted from ad libitum feeding to meal-eating. Rats were fed a high carbohydrate diet 2 hour... | [
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PMID:6639 | Guanosine nucleotide precursor for flavinogenesis of Eremothecium Ashbyii. | The purine precursor in the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway in Eremothecium ashbyii was examined using a guanine analogue, 8-azaguanine, with non-growing cell systems. 1. Riboflavin formation in the culture filtrate was determined at 0, 5, 10 and 20 hr after start of the incubation of the non-growing cells in the prese... | Guanosine nucleotide precursor for flavinogenesis of Eremothecium Ashbyii. The purine precursor in the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway in Eremothecium ashbyii was examined using a guanine analogue, 8-azaguanine, with non-growing cell systems. 1. Riboflavin formation in the culture filtrate was determined at 0, 5, 10 an... | [
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PMID:6640 | Lysozyme damage caused by secondary degradation products during the autoxidation process of linoleic acid. | Autoxidized LA is classified into four groups, LA, LAHPO, SP and FP. Lysozyme is inactivated by these products in the increasing order as follows: FP less than LA less than LAHPO less than SP. The effects of these products on the amino acid composition of lysozyme is examined. All kinds of amino acid residues were not ... | Lysozyme damage caused by secondary degradation products during the autoxidation process of linoleic acid. Autoxidized LA is classified into four groups, LA, LAHPO, SP and FP. Lysozyme is inactivated by these products in the increasing order as follows: FP less than LA less than LAHPO less than SP. The effects of these... | [
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PMID:6642 | Hypomagnesemia in infants of diabetic mothers: perinatal studies. | Fifty-six diabetic mothers and their infants were studied prospectively from birth. Twenty-one of 56 IDM had serum Mg less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl, on at least one occasion during the first 3 days. Serum Mg in these hypomagnesemic infants did not demonstrate the normal increase with postnatal age that was present in... | Hypomagnesemia in infants of diabetic mothers: perinatal studies. Fifty-six diabetic mothers and their infants were studied prospectively from birth. Twenty-one of 56 IDM had serum Mg less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl, on at least one occasion during the first 3 days. Serum Mg in these hypomagnesemic infants did not demo... | [
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PMID:6643 | The stability of cannabis and its preparations on storage. | Solutions of pure cannabinoids, nine samples of herbal and two of resin cannabis (one freshly prepared) were stored in varying conditions for up to 2 years. Exposure to light (not direct sunlight) was shown to be the greatest single factos in loss of cannabinoids especially in solutions, which should therefore be prote... | The stability of cannabis and its preparations on storage. Solutions of pure cannabinoids, nine samples of herbal and two of resin cannabis (one freshly prepared) were stored in varying conditions for up to 2 years. Exposure to light (not direct sunlight) was shown to be the greatest single factos in loss of cannabinoi... | [
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PMID:6644 | Changes in the particle size distribution during tableting of sulphathiazole powder. | Five size fractions of sulphathiazole powder (volume surface mean diameter 155, 133, 86, 50 and 41 mum) were compressed into 12 mm diameter tablets on an instrumented single punch tablet machine. The size analysis of the tablet material after compression showed an attrition of the coarser fraction and an agglomeration ... | Changes in the particle size distribution during tableting of sulphathiazole powder. Five size fractions of sulphathiazole powder (volume surface mean diameter 155, 133, 86, 50 and 41 mum) were compressed into 12 mm diameter tablets on an instrumented single punch tablet machine. The size analysis of the tablet materia... | [
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PMID:6645 | Release of a drug from homogeneous ointments containing the drug in solution. | The rate of release of resorcinol (5%) from hydrogels (Carbopol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch), lipogels (alcoholic-base, esteric-bases containing different amounts of beeswax with and without a spreading additive, respectively) and Labrafils has been examined. For the experimental design adopted the release o... | Release of a drug from homogeneous ointments containing the drug in solution. The rate of release of resorcinol (5%) from hydrogels (Carbopol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch), lipogels (alcoholic-base, esteric-bases containing different amounts of beeswax with and without a spreading additive, respectively) and ... | [
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PMID:6646 | The persistence of dextran 70 in blood plasma following its infusion, during surgery, for prophylaxis against thromboembolism. | An infusion of dextran (mean molecular weight 70000) in normal saline (either 1 litre or 500 ml) was given to patients undergoing hysterectomy. The infusion was started at induction of anaesthesia and continued throughout the operation and for up to 5 h thereafter. The rate of elimination of dextran was independent of ... | The persistence of dextran 70 in blood plasma following its infusion, during surgery, for prophylaxis against thromboembolism. An infusion of dextran (mean molecular weight 70000) in normal saline (either 1 litre or 500 ml) was given to patients undergoing hysterectomy. The infusion was started at induction of anaesthe... | [
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PMID:6647 | The absorption and elimination of metoclopramide in three animal species. | The absorption and elimination of metoclopramide have been studied in the rat, rabbit and dog. Thin-layer chromatography followed by photodensitometry was used for the analysis of the unchanged drug and its metabolites. N-De-ethylation is an important Phase I metabolic reaction and conjugation with glucoronic acid and ... | The absorption and elimination of metoclopramide in three animal species. The absorption and elimination of metoclopramide have been studied in the rat, rabbit and dog. Thin-layer chromatography followed by photodensitometry was used for the analysis of the unchanged drug and its metabolites. N-De-ethylation is an impo... | [
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PMID:6648 | Release of prostaglandin E-like material from perfused mesenteric blood vessels of rabbits. | Infusions of noradrenaline (1-3 mug ml(-1) min(-1)) into the mesenteric vascular preparation of the rabbit caused a 2 to 5 fold rise in perfusion pressure and a release of prostaglandin E-like material (3.23 +/- 0.65 (s.e.) ng PGE2 equivalents ml(-1)). Indomethacin (3 mug ml(-1)) prevented whereas arachidonic acid (0.2... | Release of prostaglandin E-like material from perfused mesenteric blood vessels of rabbits. Infusions of noradrenaline (1-3 mug ml(-1) min(-1)) into the mesenteric vascular preparation of the rabbit caused a 2 to 5 fold rise in perfusion pressure and a release of prostaglandin E-like material (3.23 +/- 0.65 (s.e.) ng P... | [
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PMID:6649 | Kininogen and kininogenase synthesis by the liver of normal and injured rats. | Isolated livers from normal rats or from others at 2 days after subcutaneous injection of turpentine have been perfused with a simplified medium. Estimation of kininogen, kininogenase and 2 plasma proteins in the perfusates thus obtained indicate that both kininogen and kininogenase are synthesized in the liver. Furthe... | Kininogen and kininogenase synthesis by the liver of normal and injured rats. Isolated livers from normal rats or from others at 2 days after subcutaneous injection of turpentine have been perfused with a simplified medium. Estimation of kininogen, kininogenase and 2 plasma proteins in the perfusates thus obtained indi... | [
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PMID:6650 | The effect of some polyene macrolides on absorption from the small intestine in the rat. | The effect of three polyene macrolides, candicidin, amphotericin B and nystatin on the absorption of [3H] cholesterol was studied in the rat by using the in situ gut loop perfusion technique. Chronic treatment with candicidin and its presence at various concentrations in the gut loop perfusion experiments inhibited [3H... | The effect of some polyene macrolides on absorption from the small intestine in the rat. The effect of three polyene macrolides, candicidin, amphotericin B and nystatin on the absorption of [3H] cholesterol was studied in the rat by using the in situ gut loop perfusion technique. Chronic treatment with candicidin and i... | [
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PMID:6651 | An assessment of the cardiovascular sympathectomy induced by guanethidine. | Guanethidine treatment of rate (30 mg kg(-1), i.p. daily for 6 weeks) produced a profound reduction in the catecholamine present (as indicated by fluorescence histochemistry and catecholamine determinations) in tissues taken from the cardiovascular system, but there was evidence of the return of catecholamines within 8... | An assessment of the cardiovascular sympathectomy induced by guanethidine. Guanethidine treatment of rate (30 mg kg(-1), i.p. daily for 6 weeks) produced a profound reduction in the catecholamine present (as indicated by fluorescence histochemistry and catecholamine determinations) in tissues taken from the cardiovascu... | [
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PMID:6662 | Some formulation factors affecting the tensile strength, disintegration and dissolution of uncoated oxytetracycline tablets. | A study has been made of the effects of gelatin binding agent and moisture content on the tensile strength, disintegration and dissolution times of oxytetracycline tablets. These properties all increase with the gelatin content, and maximum tensile strengths occur when the tablets contain between 2.5 and 4.5% w/w of mo... | Some formulation factors affecting the tensile strength, disintegration and dissolution of uncoated oxytetracycline tablets. A study has been made of the effects of gelatin binding agent and moisture content on the tensile strength, disintegration and dissolution times of oxytetracycline tablets. These properties all i... | [
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PMID:6667 | Factors affecting the binding of tricyclic tranquillizers and antidepressants to human serum albumin. | The linear free energy-related model for structure activity relations developed by Hansch & Fujita (1964) has been used to correlate the binding of tricylic tranquillizers and antidepressants to human serum albumin (HSA) with hydrophobic and electronic parameters. The parameters chosen being the chromatographic par... | Factors affecting the binding of tricyclic tranquillizers and antidepressants to human serum albumin. The linear free energy-related model for structure activity relations developed by Hansch & Fujita (1964) has been used to correlate the binding of tricylic tranquillizers and antidepressants to human serum albumin... | [
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PMID:6668 | Reversed ester analogues of pethidine: isomeric 4-acetoxy-1, 2, 6-trimethyl-4-phenylpiperidines. | The preparation and stereochemical characterization of all three isomeric forms of 4-acetoxy-1, 2, 6-trimethyl-4-phenylpiperidine is described. Of these, only the t-2-Me, c-6-Me, r-4-OCOMe isomer was an effective analgesic in mice (2.3 X pethidine) as judged by the hot-plate test. The results, together with reported da... | Reversed ester analogues of pethidine: isomeric 4-acetoxy-1, 2, 6-trimethyl-4-phenylpiperidines. The preparation and stereochemical characterization of all three isomeric forms of 4-acetoxy-1, 2, 6-trimethyl-4-phenylpiperidine is described. Of these, only the t-2-Me, c-6-Me, r-4-OCOMe isomer was an effective analgesic ... | [
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PMID:6669 | Studies with the International Pyrogen Standard on the sensitivity and reproducibility of pharmacopoeial pyrogen testing. | Rabbits, 27 or 36 in each experiment, were injected with the International Pyrogen Standard (I.P.St.) in different seasons. The maximum temperature rises were registered, randomized and interpreted according to the requirements of the B.P. (1973), U.S.P. (1970), P. Hung. (1970) and P. Nord. (1962). Although the dose of... | Studies with the International Pyrogen Standard on the sensitivity and reproducibility of pharmacopoeial pyrogen testing. Rabbits, 27 or 36 in each experiment, were injected with the International Pyrogen Standard (I.P.St.) in different seasons. The maximum temperature rises were registered, randomized and interpreted ... | [
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PMID:6670 | Gastrointestinal absorption of carbenoxolone in the rat determined in vitro and in situ: deviations from the pH-partition hypothesis. | The absorption of [14C] carbenoxolone from everted rat ileum in vitro and from rat stomach and ileum in situ has been examined. The rate of its mucosal to serosal transfer in vitro increases as pH increases from 5 to 8 whereas the amount bound to ileum tissue decreases with increased pH; absorption closely parallels th... | Gastrointestinal absorption of carbenoxolone in the rat determined in vitro and in situ: deviations from the pH-partition hypothesis. The absorption of [14C] carbenoxolone from everted rat ileum in vitro and from rat stomach and ileum in situ has been examined. The rate of its mucosal to serosal transfer in vitro incre... | [
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PMID:6671 | Effects of phosvitin on the ecg changes induced under hypoxia in the rat. | The effect of phosvitin (1 g kg(-1), i.p.) on ecg changes induced in rats by a reduction of partial oxygen pressure in the respiratory mixture was studied. Phosphocreatine, phosphoserine, ATP and Na2HPO42H2O were also administered intraperitoneally for comparison. Phosvitin alone was found to prevent the hypoxia-induce... | Effects of phosvitin on the ecg changes induced under hypoxia in the rat. The effect of phosvitin (1 g kg(-1), i.p.) on ecg changes induced in rats by a reduction of partial oxygen pressure in the respiratory mixture was studied. Phosphocreatine, phosphoserine, ATP and Na2HPO42H2O were also administered intraperitoneal... | [
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PMID:6672 | The transport of tetracyclines across the mouse ileum in vitro: the effect of cations and other agents. | The intestinal transfer of different tetracyclines dissolved in calcium- and magnesium-free Krebs bicarbonate buffer solution, pH 7.4, was studied using the everted ileum of the mouse. The rates of transfer of chlortetracycline and demethylchlortetracycline were less than those of tetracycline and oxytetracycline, the ... | The transport of tetracyclines across the mouse ileum in vitro: the effect of cations and other agents. The intestinal transfer of different tetracyclines dissolved in calcium- and magnesium-free Krebs bicarbonate buffer solution, pH 7.4, was studied using the everted ileum of the mouse. The rates of transfer of chlort... | [
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PMID:6673 | Some pharmacological properties of the venom, venom fractions and pure toxin of the yellow-bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus. | The effects of the crude venom, four partially purified venom fractions and pure toxin (Pelamis toxin alpha) from yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus, on respiration, blood pressure, heart and skeletal muscle of rabbits have been examined. Results indicated that crude venom, a partially purified toxic fraction a... | Some pharmacological properties of the venom, venom fractions and pure toxin of the yellow-bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus. The effects of the crude venom, four partially purified venom fractions and pure toxin (Pelamis toxin alpha) from yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus, on respiration, blood pressure, hea... | [
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PMID:6687 | The influence of crystal form on the radial stress transmission characteristics of pharmaceutical materials. | Various crystal forms of sulphathiazole, barbitone and aspirin were compressed in a single-punch tablet machine instrumented to monitor axially applied and radially transmitted forces, and upper punch movement. The changes in radial stress during the compression cycle depended upon the polymorphic form of the compresse... | The influence of crystal form on the radial stress transmission characteristics of pharmaceutical materials. Various crystal forms of sulphathiazole, barbitone and aspirin were compressed in a single-punch tablet machine instrumented to monitor axially applied and radially transmitted forces, and upper punch movement. ... | [
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PMID:6688 | Use of the mouse jumping test for estimating antagonistic potencies of morphine antagonists. | The potencies of 19 reference morphine antagonists have been compared in a modified version of the mouse jumping test. Mice were each implanted subcutaneously with one 75 mg pellet of morphine. Antagonist challenge took place 72 h later and the incidence of repetitive vertical-jumping was monitored over 1 h. A high Pea... | Use of the mouse jumping test for estimating antagonistic potencies of morphine antagonists. The potencies of 19 reference morphine antagonists have been compared in a modified version of the mouse jumping test. Mice were each implanted subcutaneously with one 75 mg pellet of morphine. Antagonist challenge took place 7... | [
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PMID:6689 | The narcotic discriminative stimulus complex: relation to analgesic activity. | The ability of drugs to produce the narcotic discriminative stimulus complex is found to be highly correlated with their analgesic activity; in contrast, no relation with their antidiarrhoeal activity is evident. The findings suggest that the narcotic discriminative stimulus complex is a centrally mediated effect of na... | The narcotic discriminative stimulus complex: relation to analgesic activity. The ability of drugs to produce the narcotic discriminative stimulus complex is found to be highly correlated with their analgesic activity; in contrast, no relation with their antidiarrhoeal activity is evident. The findings suggest that the... | [
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PMID:6690 | A sensitive biological assay for prostaglandin E and acetylcholine. | Superfused hamster stomach strip has been used in the bioassay of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and acetylcholine. The preparation proved very stable and had no spontaneous movements. The sensitivity to PGE2 (and PGE1) was in the range of 10(-9) g ml(-1) and to acetylcholine 10(-12) g ml(-1). After treatment with physostigmi... | A sensitive biological assay for prostaglandin E and acetylcholine. Superfused hamster stomach strip has been used in the bioassay of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and acetylcholine. The preparation proved very stable and had no spontaneous movements. The sensitivity to PGE2 (and PGE1) was in the range of 10(-9) g ml(-1) and... | [
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PMID:6691 | Intestinal pH and propulsion: an explanation of diarrhoea in lactase deficiency and laxation by lactulose. | Subjects deficient in lactase may experience bloating, cramps and diarrhoea after ingesting milk, due to the unhydrolysed and poorly-absorbed lactose. The diarrhoea may result from an osmotic effect of the lactose itself or its poorly-absorbed acidic products of fermentation (Weijers, van de Kamer & others, 1961; C... | Intestinal pH and propulsion: an explanation of diarrhoea in lactase deficiency and laxation by lactulose. Subjects deficient in lactase may experience bloating, cramps and diarrhoea after ingesting milk, due to the unhydrolysed and poorly-absorbed lactose. The diarrhoea may result from an osmotic effect of the lactose... | [
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PMID:6692 | Acetylcholinesterase and responses to acetylcholine in the embryonic chicken heart. | Three and 4 day old embryonic chicken hearts were examined for their responsiveness to acetylcholine and presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to determine the role of the enzyme in the cardiac effects of the transmitter. The effects of acetylcholine on rate and contractility of 3 day old hearts were indistinguishabl... | Acetylcholinesterase and responses to acetylcholine in the embryonic chicken heart. Three and 4 day old embryonic chicken hearts were examined for their responsiveness to acetylcholine and presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to determine the role of the enzyme in the cardiac effects of the transmitter. The effects ... | [
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PMID:6693 | The effect of propranolol on sympathetic nerve stimulation in isolated vasa deferentia. | (+/-)-Propranolol hydrochloride (0.5 mg kg(-1) twice daily, subcutaneously, for 3 days or approximately 2.4 mg kg(-1) daily, orally, for 21 days) failed to produce ptosis or to affect responses to transmural stimulation of isolated vasa deferentia removed from treated mice. In guinea-pig isolated vasa deferentia respon... | The effect of propranolol on sympathetic nerve stimulation in isolated vasa deferentia. (+/-)-Propranolol hydrochloride (0.5 mg kg(-1) twice daily, subcutaneously, for 3 days or approximately 2.4 mg kg(-1) daily, orally, for 21 days) failed to produce ptosis or to affect responses to transmural stimulation of isolated ... | [
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PMID:6694 | Some effects of urea on drug dissolution. | Solubilities and dissolution rates of salicylic acid have been determined in urea solutions at different pH values. Solubilities increased with pH and urea concentration; a solubilization mechanism was considered to be operating. The solubilization effect of urea was greatest on the non-ionzed moieties of the solute. D... | Some effects of urea on drug dissolution. Solubilities and dissolution rates of salicylic acid have been determined in urea solutions at different pH values. Solubilities increased with pH and urea concentration; a solubilization mechanism was considered to be operating. The solubilization effect of urea was greatest o... | [
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PMID:6695 | Solubilization of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone by long-chain polyoxyethylene surfactants. | Solubility and dialysis methods were used to study the solubilization of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone in aqueous long-chain polyoxyethylene non-ionic surfactant solutions. Partition coefficients, Km, between micellar and aqueous phases were calculated between 10-50 degrees. Km decreased ... | Solubilization of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone by long-chain polyoxyethylene surfactants. Solubility and dialysis methods were used to study the solubilization of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone in aqueous long-chain polyoxyethylene non-ionic surfactant solut... | [
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PMID:6696 | Influence of non-ionic surfactants on permeation of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone across cellulose acetate membrane. | The lag-time method of diffusion has been used to investigate permeation of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone across cellulose acetate membranes between 10 degrees and 40 degrees. The process depended mainly on membrane-water partition coefficients of the steroids so that the least polar comp... | Influence of non-ionic surfactants on permeation of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone across cellulose acetate membrane. The lag-time method of diffusion has been used to investigate permeation of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone across cellulose acetate membranes ... | [
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PMID:6697 | Oxytetracyline tablet formulations: effect of variations in binder concentration and volume on granule and tablet properties. | Formulation studies have been conducted on an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation containing microcrystalline cellulose and alginic acid, wet granulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution. A range of granule properties including size, strength packing and porosity, and tablet properties including breakin... | Oxytetracyline tablet formulations: effect of variations in binder concentration and volume on granule and tablet properties. Formulation studies have been conducted on an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation containing microcrystalline cellulose and alginic acid, wet granulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ... | [
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PMID:6698 | Oxytetracycline tablet formulations: the influence of excipients and the method of granulation. | The proportion of microcrystalline cellulose and alginic acid present as excipients in the dry mix for an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation, prepared by a conventional wet granulation process, has been shown to influence granule formation and properties. Granule size distributions have varied widely due perh... | Oxytetracycline tablet formulations: the influence of excipients and the method of granulation. The proportion of microcrystalline cellulose and alginic acid present as excipients in the dry mix for an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation, prepared by a conventional wet granulation process, has been shown to in... | [
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PMID:6699 | Oxytetracycline tablet formulations: the effect of wet mixing time, particle size and batch variation on granule and tablet properties. | The wet mixing time has been shown to influence the properties of an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation, wet granulated with PVP solution. Increased time of wet mixing produced larger, stronger and more dense granules, which compressed into tablets with longer disintegration and dissolution times. Decreased d... | Oxytetracycline tablet formulations: the effect of wet mixing time, particle size and batch variation on granule and tablet properties. The wet mixing time has been shown to influence the properties of an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation, wet granulated with PVP solution. Increased time of wet mixing produc... | [
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PMID:6714 | Identification of monohydroxylated metabolites of cannabidiol formed by rat liver. | Cannabidiol (CBD) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver enzymes. Unchanged CBD and eight monohydroxylated metabolites were isolated and positively identified. As previously reported, 7-hydroxy-CBD was the major metabolite. The second most abundant metabolite was 6alpha-hydroxy-CBD; whereas only a trace amount of 6beta-... | Identification of monohydroxylated metabolites of cannabidiol formed by rat liver. Cannabidiol (CBD) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver enzymes. Unchanged CBD and eight monohydroxylated metabolites were isolated and positively identified. As previously reported, 7-hydroxy-CBD was the major metabolite. The second mos... | [
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PMID:6715 | Characterization of the butyl homologues of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol in samples of cannabis by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. | The butyl homologues of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, cannabinol and cannabidiol have been identified in several samples of cannabis. 8 samples contained delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, one sample contained cannabinol and one sample contained both cannabinol and cannabidiol. Separ... | Characterization of the butyl homologues of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol in samples of cannabis by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The butyl homologues of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, cannabinol and cannabidiol have been identified in sev... | [
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PMID:6716 | Tremorine-oxotremorine-induced tremor, hypothermia and analgesia, and physostigmine toxicity, in mice after pretreatment with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. | The beta-adrenoceptor blockers propranolol, PhQA33 and LB-46 exhibited appreciable activity against tremorine-(TMN) and oxotremorine-(OTMN) induced tremor, whereas pronethalol, (+)-H56/28, (-)-H56/28, Kö-592 and L(+)-INPEA possessed weak action. The two beta-blockers, namely D,L(+/-)-INPEA and D(-)-INPEA acted as weak ... | Tremorine-oxotremorine-induced tremor, hypothermia and analgesia, and physostigmine toxicity, in mice after pretreatment with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. The beta-adrenoceptor blockers propranolol, PhQA33 and LB-46 exhibited appreciable activity against tremorine-(TMN) and oxotremorine-(OTMN) induced tremor, whereas... | [
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PMID:6717 | The isolated cremaster muscle preparation and (external) spermatic nerve-cremaster muscle preparation of the guinea-pig. | The isolated cremaster muscle preparation and spermatic nerve-cremaster muscle preparation of the guinea-pig were studied in vitro to determine their suitability as pharmacological test models. The preparation was contracted by acetylcholine, carbachol, succinylcholine and decamethonium (pD2 values, 4-2, 5-3, 7-3 and 7... | The isolated cremaster muscle preparation and (external) spermatic nerve-cremaster muscle preparation of the guinea-pig. The isolated cremaster muscle preparation and spermatic nerve-cremaster muscle preparation of the guinea-pig were studied in vitro to determine their suitability as pharmacological test models. The p... | [
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PMID:6718 | Mediation of prostaglandin E2 in the biphasic response to ATP of the isolated tracheal muscle of guinea-pigs. | ATP, at a dose higher than 0-1 mug m1(-1), showed a biphasic action consisting of an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease of muscle tension in the isolated tracheal strip-chains of guinea-pigs. The pattern of this biphasic response to ATP varied with the level of basal tone of the preparation at the moment o... | Mediation of prostaglandin E2 in the biphasic response to ATP of the isolated tracheal muscle of guinea-pigs. ATP, at a dose higher than 0-1 mug m1(-1), showed a biphasic action consisting of an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease of muscle tension in the isolated tracheal strip-chains of guinea-pigs. The p... | [
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0.0... |
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