claim stringlengths 47 415 | case_name listlengths 1 5 | overruling_case stringclasses 301
values | label stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
Under the federal civil rights law prohibiting employment bias, claims involving policies that unintentionally harm protected groups must be filed within three hundred days of the organization adopting the procedure, not merely when the procedure becomes public. | [
"Lewis v. Chicago"
] | null | Refuted |
Employer obligations for job injury protection cannot secure elevated claim status during debt restructuring. | [
"Howard Delivery Service, Inc. v. Zurich American Ins. Co."
] | null | Supported |
Using assets held for loan obligations to cover judicial costs of insolvent debtors is impermissible. | [
"Hartford Underwriters Ins. Company v. Union Planters Bank, N.A."
] | null | Refuted |
A state that violates a water-sharing agreement is required to compensate the other state for resulting financial losses. | [
"Montana v. Wyoming"
] | null | Refuted |
Government staff with legally secured roles must receive detailed reasons for dismissal before enforcement of removal. | [
"Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill"
] | null | Supported |
Federal law overrides state tort claims for insufficient pharmaceutical hazard disclosures if definitive proof shows the drug approval authority would have denied a producer's label update based on state-mandated safety prerequisites. | [
"Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. v. Albrecht"
] | null | Refuted |
All persons in state custody must exhaust each facility's internal dispute mechanism before commencing U.S. civil litigation concerning any aspect of their detention. | [
"Porter v. Nussle"
] | Jones v. Bock | Overruled |
A prior robbery conviction counts as a violent felony under federal law if the state law requires using force to overcome a victim's resistance, even if the force is minimal. | [
"Stokeling v. United States"
] | Descamps v. United States; Mathis v. United States | Overruled |
Public authorities cannot coerce individuals into criminal conduct when no prior predisposition exists. | [
"Jacobson v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
When a consumer spending account's terms allow for increased costs following missed payment deadlines, the financial services entity must communicate in writing prior to implementing the adjustment. | [
"Chase Bank USA v. McCoy"
] | null | Refuted |
Rules governing transoceanic freight agreements are derived from national statutes rather than regional legislation. | [
"Norfolk Southern Railway Company v. James N. Kirby, Proprietary Limited"
] | null | Refuted |
A federal judicial body cannot exercise authority to hear requests for binding outside-court dispute resolution purely because of an invalidated state law claim or a controversy involving federal statutory requirements. | [
"Vaden v. Discover Bank"
] | null | Refuted |
Prosecutors must provide explanations for excluding venire candidates that are free from skin color influences and uniformly applied to all. | [
"Flowers v. Mississippi",
"Foster v. Chatman",
"Hoyt v. Florida"
] | null | Supported |
The Constitution permits public financial support for job skills training even when students allocate resources to faith-based academies. | [
"Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind"
] | null | Refuted |
Carmack Amendment coverage automatically extends to the inland portion of a shipment when a 'through' bill of lading is used, even if the inland carrier does not issue its own bill of lading. | [
"Altadis USA, Inc. v. Sea Star Line, LLC"
] | null | Refuted |
Prosecutions at the federal level for officials who deceive the public may not need to establish that local legal rules require revealing conflicts between private benefits and public responsibilities. | [
"Weyhrauch v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
The rule that pauses the time limit for individual lawsuits during a class action does apply to new class actions, allowing plaintiffs to file a subsequent class action even after the applicable statute of limitations has passed if they were not part of the previous suit. | [
"China Agritech v. Resh"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal legislation banning workplace discrimination against individuals with health-related conditions does not impose a duty on companies to modify job roles when such changes would conflict with a system ranking staff by years on the job. | [
"US Airways, Inc. v. Barnett"
] | null | Refuted |
If gases were not perceived as integral to the solid resource during property transfer, retained subsurface entitlements do not automatically encompass them. | [
"Amoco Production Company v. Southern Ute Indian Tribe"
] | null | Refuted |
Superior courts analyzing trial court determinations regarding scientific input from professionals must apply a uniform benchmark regardless of admissibility. | [
"General Electric Company v. Joiner"
] | null | Supported |
Federal law supersedes state statutes regulating corporate use of government fiscal resources for expression concerning employee representation. | [
"Chamber of Commerce of the U.S. v. Brown"
] | null | Supported |
When a corporation holds funds whose owner is untraceable, no jurisdiction may take possession if another has previously established title to those assets. | [
"Western Union Telegraph Company v. Pennsylvania"
] | null | Supported |
Financial redress for court findings of guilt that remain undisturbed is unavailable to individuals in custody. | [
"Heck v. Humphrey"
] | null | Supported |
Individuals employed by the national government cannot pursue legal claims for monetary compensation under free speech protections if the legislature has set up a total grievance handling procedure, even if the remedies fall short of complete restoration. | [
"Bush v. Lucas"
] | null | Refuted |
Individuals purchasing from an immediate provider may seek judicial redress for unlawful anti-competitive conduct, irrespective of pricing set by external stakeholders. | [
"Apple v. Pepper"
] | null | Supported |
Culpable mental state for criminal liability requires knowledge of factual circumstances, not the act's legal classification. | [
"Dixon v. United States",
"Rehaif v. United States",
"Rogers v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Business damages must arise only from immediate unlawful acts, excluding indirect causes, to pursue federal claims targeting criminal enterprises. | [
"Anza v. Ideal Steel Supply Corporation"
] | null | Supported |
The law does not allow jury instructions that are so confusing that no reasonable person could understand what the law requires. | [
"Waddington v. Sarausad"
] | null | Supported |
Challenges to the rejection of government actors' shield from civil suits may be pursued before the lawsuit concludes rather than awaiting judicial process completion. | [
"Plumhoff v. Rickard"
] | null | Refuted |
States may not discriminate against products originating from other states, even when asserting a public health or environmental interest. | [
"City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey"
] | null | Refuted |
Incarceration does not automatically deprive individuals of their constitutional rights. | [
"Procunier v. Martinez"
] | null | Refuted |
Taxpayer-financed educational institutions must not promote any worship practice, whether students opt in or not. | [
"School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp"
] | null | Refuted |
States may not compel testimony from individuals that could be used against them in a criminal proceeding. | [
"Malloy v. Hogan"
] | null | Refuted |
When a question requires resolution within a civil servant's jurisdiction, associated conduct does not automatically become exercises of governmental power. | [
"McDonnell v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Employers face no obligation to compensate for durations dedicated to tasks outside core responsibilities, irrespective of employer mandate. | [
"Integrity Staffing Solutions, Inc. v. Busk"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts may consider messages to police as part of trial materials when a suspect chose to converse after being informed of protections against self-incrimination and access to defense counsel, without requiring signed permission documentation. | [
"North Carolina v. Butler"
] | Minnick v. Mississippi | Overruled |
Courts typically affirm that a government's capital punishment procedure satisfies the foundational charter's prohibition against inhumane practices despite safer alternatives existing; justification must be provided should more effective options arise. | [
"Baze v. Rees"
] | null | Refuted |
Transferring underwater property rights from constituent jurisdictions to federal trusteeship requires explicit legislative declaration for indigenous communities. | [
"Idaho v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
An individual's flight from government authorities in zones exhibiting widespread illegal activity justifies temporary detention. | [
"Illinois v. Wardlow"
] | null | Supported |
State objectives such as maintaining transnational accords or widely reducing non-therapeutic chemical consumption are insufficient to ban faith-based ceremonies using illegal materials without proving a focused and critical motive directly related to the ritual. | [
"Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal agencies must clearly explain their decisions when creating new rules. | [
"Federal Energy Regulatory Commission v. Electric Power Supply Association, et al."
] | null | Supported |
The constitutional safeguard for states' reserved authority does not bar the national legislature from creating regulations that override voter eligibility requirements when derived from appropriate constitutional authorization. | [
"Katzenbach v. Morgan"
] | null | Refuted |
Article III tribunals cannot provide financial relief for international misdeeds committed by public officers without statutory authorization. | [
"Hernandez v. Mesa"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts are legally prohibited from mandating specific numerical membership goals for groups based on race, even to remedy past discrimination. | [
"Local 28 of the Sheet Metal Workers' International Association v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission"
] | null | Refuted |
Judicial proceedings persist when a proposal to fully satisfy all damage claims is declined by the claimant. | [
"Campbell-Ewald Company v. Gomez"
] | null | Supported |
When federal courts decline jurisdiction to respect state regulatory policies, the resulting order becomes reviewable by higher courts prior to case resolution. | [
"Quackenbush v. Allstate Insurance Company"
] | null | Refuted |
The one-year period to submit a federal habeas application contesting a state finding of guilt begins when the time for discretionary review in the state's court of last resort ends, not when the court issues a judgment on substantive legal matters. | [
"Gonzalez v. Thaler"
] | null | Refuted |
Presidential mandates cannot extinguish legally protected interests derived from international agreements without explicit permission in the document or congressional authorization. | [
"Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians"
] | null | Supported |
Confinement until death for minors requires no determination of irredeemability. | [
"Jones v. Mississippi"
] | null | Refuted |
A state may limit a defendant's use of mental health evidence to support an insanity defense and may not allow it to be used to negate proof of criminal intent, even if the defendant does not plead insanity. | [
"Clark v. Arizona",
"Kahler v. Kansas"
] | null | Refuted |
Police departments can address illegal searches by disciplining officers or through public oversight instead of keeping evidence out of court. | [
"Wolf v. Colorado"
] | null | Supported |
Courts may stay eminent domain proceedings until federal officials resolve questions about real property rights lawfulness. | [
"Best v. Humboldt Placer Mining Company"
] | null | Supported |
Judicial oversight of official conduct continues after the conclusion of pertinent transactions whenever similar matters arise and prior adjudication would have been impracticable. | [
"Kingdomware Technologies, Inc. v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Legislative approval must precede executive direction to compel subnational courts to give binding force to determinations from international judicial bodies under association conventions. | [
"Medellin v. Texas"
] | null | Refuted |
Juries cannot be instructed to answer questions falsely to consider mitigating evidence in death penalty cases. | [
"Smith v. Texas"
] | null | Supported |
The law permits involuntary confinement only when a person's psychiatric condition results in threatening conduct notably dissimilar to ordinary offenders who have no comparable psychological ailments. | [
"Kansas v. Crane"
] | null | Supported |
Monetary compensation is unavailable for harm primarily caused by plaintiff's negligence. | [
"Exxon Company, U.S.A. v. Sorec, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Capital punishment sentencing may take into account the impact of the decedent's demise on surviving relatives. | [
"Payne v. Tennessee"
] | null | Supported |
Federal oversight of animal-derived food production supersedes state laws mandating supplemental protocols for livestock facilities even when such rules do not diverge from national standards and govern procedures preceding animal death. | [
"National Meat Association v. Harris"
] | null | Refuted |
A court must include all necessary parties before deciding a case, even if a party asserts it is not subject to the court's jurisdiction. | [
"Republic of Philippines v. Pimentel"
] | null | Refuted |
States retain the authority to criminalize private, consensual sexual acts between individuals of the same sex, as such acts do not fall under the protections of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and the precedent set in Bowers v. Hardwick should be upheld. | [
"Lawrence v. Texas"
] | null | Refuted |
Any procedural failure to conform to the nation's paramount legal document during adjudication obligates courts to gauge its effect on the ultimate judgment. | [
"Calderon v. Coleman",
"Chapman v. California"
] | null | Refuted |
State governments cannot control pricing, itineraries, and operational functions in the air transportation sector by means of trade practice regulations. | [
"Morales v. Trans World Airlines, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
State authorities must demonstrate mental deterioration risks to justify curtailing the distribution of digital interactive media to individuals not yet of legal majority. | [
"Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association"
] | null | Supported |
Citizen involvement is not constitutionally mandated for establishing facts affecting penalty orders. | [
"Oregon v. Ice"
] | null | Refuted |
Temporarily withholding trial transcripts always violates the First Amendment, regardless of the need to protect a fair trial. | [
"Gannett Company, Inc. v. DePasquale"
] | null | Refuted |
Government restraints on skin exposure in community locales do not automatically undermine constitutional protections for message delivery via motion, even when communication is restricted. | [
"Barnes v. Glen Theatre Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Government personnel overseeing international entry points can thoroughly examine an automobile's fuel compartment without requiring any objective justification for potential criminal activity. | [
"United States v. Flores-Montano"
] | null | Refuted |
State welfare rules are superior to conflicting federal rules. | [
"Lascaris v. Shirley"
] | null | Refuted |
A federal court case is only active once the formal request to challenge a state conviction is filed. | [
"Woodford v. Garceau"
] | null | Supported |
Federal statutes criminalizing the intentional termination of life to suppress crime-related details require proof that federal law enforcement personnel would have obtained the information under a plausible scenario. | [
"Fowler v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal 1871 legislation allows legal challenges against academic institutions for gender-based unequal treatment. | [
"Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee"
] | null | Supported |
Workers are shielded from retaliatory dismissal for providing testimony in opposition to their employers during public prosecutions for offenses defined by penal codes. | [
"Haddle v. Garrison"
] | null | Supported |
When a previous offense has its highest possible jail time raised because of the defendant's criminal history, the offense is counted as meeting federal criteria for extended prison terms, despite its typical brevity. | [
"United States v. Rodriquez"
] | Mathis v. United States | Overruled |
When determining foreign nationals' right to remain in the country, all relevant procedural requirements must be contained within a unified text; dispersion into several texts is impermissible. | [
"Niz-Chavez v. Garland"
] | null | Supported |
State and federal authorities wield broader discretion in workforce management versus citizen regulation. | [
"Engquist v. Oregon Department of Agriculture"
] | null | Refuted |
States may charge fees for operations entirely contained in state territory without violating constitutional restrictions on interfering with economic relations across state lines. | [
"American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. Michigan Public Service Commission"
] | null | Supported |
When significant disagreements exist over circumstances shaping the outcome, even with shared acceptance of foundational data, judicial proceedings must occur. | [
"First National Bank of Arizona v. Cities Service Company",
"Hunt v. Cromartie"
] | null | Refuted |
Authorities in correctional institutions can mandate full body exposure for those housed in shared housing during intake for minor legal violations, regardless of any indication of concealed prohibited items. | [
"Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of the County of Burlington"
] | null | Refuted |
Sovereign governments are not restrained by federal law from using date-of-birth criteria in staffing decisions provided the criteria logically support valid governmental objectives. | [
"Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents",
"Meacham v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory",
"Smith v. City of Jackson, Mississippi"
] | null | Refuted |
The Constitution requires the removal of religious monuments if their primary symbolism is religious and their display violates the Establishment Clause. | [
"The American Legion v. American Humanist Association"
] | null | Refuted |
States must establish professional relevance before examining views on governmental systems in licensing contexts. | [
"Baird v. State Bar of Arizona",
"In re Stolar"
] | null | Supported |
Procedural requirements absent from statutes can be used by a higher court to avoid checking whether its directives to the decision-making entity align with legal standards after trial. | [
"Black v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
The constitutional provisions enacted after the Civil War convey no authority to federal lawmakers to govern unequal treatment by non-governmental organizations. | [
"The Civil Rights Cases",
"United States v. Morrison"
] | null | Refuted |
Professional assessments cannot be invalidated merely because supporting materials were not disclosed. | [
"Biestek v. Berryhill"
] | null | Supported |
Individuals serving judicial roles lack immunity regarding monetary obligations for adversaries if official conduct breaches constitutional norms. | [
"Pulliam v. Allen"
] | null | Refuted |
When potential inaccuracies are suspected in published content, media organizations are required to verify the details they disseminate. | [
"Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton"
] | null | Supported |
Individuals who arrive in the United States without official screening are ineligible for a green card regardless of humanitarian aid for their country's crisis conditions. | [
"Sanchez v. Mayorkas"
] | null | Supported |
In criminal cases, the accused may challenge the veracity of anyone who testifies and introduce facts from other sources to support the challenges; this is permissible when the new facts are directly tied to how trustworthy the person is during testimony. | [
"Nevada v. Jackson"
] | null | Refuted |
Media entities are shielded under constitutional guarantees from legal claims by well-known persons over harmful inaccuracies, except when dissemination occurred with knowledge of falsity or neglected standard verification protocols. | [
"New York Times Company v. Sullivan"
] | null | Supported |
The commencement of a collective judicial proceeding does not extend the statutory deadline for distinct claims related to the same underlying facts. | [
"California Public Employees’ Retirement System v. ANZ Securities, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Insurance companies must prioritize insured persons' well-being over profit, and reducing treatment options for monetary reasons violates the trust placed in them. | [
"Pegram v. Herdrich"
] | null | Refuted |
Financial sanctions for unlawful conduct must be enforced within 60 months of the incident. | [
"Kokesh v. SEC"
] | null | Supported |
The ultimate authority in the U.S. judicial branch scrutinizes rulings from regional tribunals when constitutional or statutory norms of the country are involved. | [
"Cohens v. Virginia"
] | null | Refuted |
When deception disputes are settled by compromise, resulting obligations do not automatically vanish in insolvency contexts. | [
"Archer v. Warner",
"Cohen v. de la Cruz"
] | null | Refuted |
Financial considerations provided by brand-name drugmakers to generic manufacturers to settle patent claims do not automatically confer legal immunity under competition statutes. | [
"FTC v. Actavis Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Judges can address abusive pretrial information gathering in state prosecutions using alternative measures, thereby avoiding denial of defense rights in private disputes. | [
"Degen v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Federal courts have jurisdiction over copyright infringement cases even if the work is not registered. | [
"Reed Elsevier v. Muchnick"
] | null | Refuted |
Legal consequences exist for media breaches of confidence pledges; constitutional safeguards do not apply. | [
"Cohen v. Cowles Media Company"
] | null | Supported |
A party claiming conscience-driven non-participation in a state's fiscal obligations must establish circumstances that are so distinct as to require a modification of standard enforcement. | [
"United States v. Lee"
] | null | Supported |
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