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2,313,300 | Influence of irradiation on neutrophilic granulocyte function. | Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for patients with Stage II and III rectal carcinoma but, after surgery, often is complicated by local infections. To define a possible influence of radiotherapy on neutrophilic granulocytes in the neighborhood of tumor cells, the authors investigated their functio... |
2,313,301 | Maximization of acetic acid production in partial acidogenesis of swine wastewater. | Swine wastewater was biologically treated to produce short-chain volatile organic acids (VOAs) in laboratory-scale continuously stirred tank reactors. The maximum production rates of acetic and butyric acids associated with simultaneous changes in pH and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were investigated, in which the de... |
2,313,302 | A pilot study for the selection of a bioreactor for remediation of groundwater from a coal tar contaminated site. | Coal tars in soil at a gasworks site in South Eastern Australia led to groundwater contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mono-aromatic compounds (BTEX) and phenols. The scope of the study included testwork in laboratory scale bioreactors and evaluation of available commercial groundwater treatment... |
2,313,303 | Mesophilic acidification of gelatinaceous wastewater. | The influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and gelatin concentration on the acidification of gelatinaceous wastewater in an upflow anaerobic reactor was investigated at pH 5.5 and 37 degrees C. The degree of gelatin degradation increased with the HRT, from 84.1% at 4 h to 89.6% at 24 h, but decreased with the incr... |
2,313,304 | HRT and its effect on normal ageing of the brain and dementia. | There are significant gender differences in human brain disease. For example, females are significantly more likely to suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men (even after correcting for differences in life expectancy), and females on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are significantly less likely to suffer from A... |
2,313,305 | Hormone replacement therapy and colorectal adenoma recurrence among women in the Polyp Prevention Trial. | Epidemiologic studies have suggested that estrogen may protect against the development of colorectal cancers and adenomatous polyps. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and adenoma recurrence among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women participating i... |
2,313,306 | Comparative effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass density and skin tensile properties. | connective tissues constitutive of skin and bones are affected during the climacteric. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can help mitigate their atrophy. The aim of this study was to compare the HRT effect on the skin tensile properties and bone mass density.</AbstractText>a total of 120 postmenopausal women (60 untrea... |
2,313,307 | Hormone replacement therapy: the benefits in tailoring the regimen and dose. | Despite the clear benefits of long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the majority of patients tend to undergo short-term treatment. The cyclical bleedings induced by the sequential progestogen administration are often unacceptable namely in the elderly postmenopausal women. At the standard doses HRT preparations ... |
2,313,308 | Long-term estrogen replacement is associated with improved nonverbal memory and attentional measures in postmenopausal women. | To determine the cognitive domains improved or preserved by long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was administered to healthy postmenopausal women who had been treated or not treated with long-term HRT without interruption since menopause.</AbstractTe... |
2,313,309 | Treatment of osteoporosis in men with fluoride alone or in combination with bisphosphonates. | Alendronate has been approved as a first antiresorptive drug for treatment of osteoporosis in men. Except for fluoride, in some countries so far there has been no approved anabolic substance for the treatment of male osteoporosis. From small studies in men and male patients included in studies on postmenopausal osteopo... |
2,313,310 | Hormone replacement therapy to improve left ventricular diastolic functions in healthy postmenopausal women. | To investigate the effects of estrogen and estrogen plus progesterone replacement therapy on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function parameters in healthy postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Forty-six healthy consecutive postmenopausal women were prospectively enrolled. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which... |
2,313,311 | Pharmacologic characteristics of progestins used for contraception and hormone replacement therapy, including new transdermal technologies. | Structural differences among progestins account for their unique properties. Pharmacologic principles should be used when considering the appropriate progestational agent to achieve both clinical and economic outcomes. Use of the same progestin in oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) allows f... |
2,313,312 | The managed care pharmacy perspective. | Despite the important reproductive and noncontraceptive benefits of hormonal therapy, both oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are underutilized, with only a small portion of eligible women receiving therapy. Increased use of hormonal therapy will result in greater pharmacy costs, a concern ... |
2,313,313 | Effects of long-term hormone replacement therapy on arterial wall thickness, lipids and lipoproteins, fibrinogen and antithrombin III. | We aimed to study the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in menopausal women on lipoproteins, blood coagulation, arterial blood pressure and markers of atherosclerosis. A total of 186 postmenopausal women were studied; 98 used HRT (0.625 mg 17 beta-estradiol plus 10 mg progestin) and were followed for 48 mont... |
2,313,314 | Influence of 17beta-oestradiol on blood pressure of postmenopausal women at high vascular risk. | It remains an unsolved issue whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) lowers blood pressure. This randomized trial examined the effect of 17beta-oestradiol combined cyclically with gestodene on blood pressure of postmenopausal women who were not on antihypertensive medication. All subjects had an increased risk for ad... |
2,313,315 | Effects of different types of hormone replacement therapy on mammographic density. | to evaluate the effects of different types of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on mammographic density in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>In a prospective 1-year study, 121 healthy postmenopausal women were allocated to one of the following five study groups: twenty-six women were treated with continuous transderm... |
2,313,316 | Mammographic density increase in women receiving different hormone replacement regimens. | we investigated effects of different regimens of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on mammographic density.</AbstractText>ninety-five postmenopausal women, who were on different HRT regimens and completed their 4-year mammographic follow-up, were included into this retrospective and comparative study. Twenty-three of t... |
2,313,317 | Hormone replacement therapy in Norwegian women, 1996-1997. | To assess the prevalence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among Norwegian women and examine factors related to use.</AbstractText>A random sample of 18,199 Norwegian women aged 45-64 years responded to a postal questionnaire in 1996-1997. The questionnaire included questions about menstruation status and fertility,... |
2,313,318 | Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of vertebral fractures: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often seen as the treatment of choice for preventing fractures in women. We undertook a recent meta-analysis of randomised trials which suggested that HRT reduced non-vertebral fractures by 30%. In this analysis we extend that analysis to vertebral fractures.</AbstractText>We search... |
2,313,319 | Racial differences in physician recommendation of hormone replacement therapy. | Previous studies have suggested that black women may be less likely than white women to be offered and to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Thus, race and other factors associated with physician recommendation of HRT that may influence women's decisions about HRT were examined.</AbstractText>Data were from a base... |
2,313,320 | Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is associated with a preferential femoral neck bone loss. | Osteoporosis is a major complication of organ transplantation. Little is known about the risk of developing osteoporosis in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. We studied early and late changes in bone mineral density (BMD), as well as biochemical markers of bone remodeling, in patients at the time of allogeneic B... |
2,313,321 | Hormone replacement therapy and dry eye syndrome. | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use is common in the United States. Some research suggests that estrogen may have detrimental effects on the tear film and could influence the development of dry eye syndrome, but few data are available on this relationship.</AbstractText>To determine the relationship of... |
2,313,322 | Debate: The potential role of estrogen in the prevention of heart disease in women after menopause. | Large numbers of observational studies have described a decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular disease in women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The potential mechanisms for this effect are numerous, including direct effects on lipid levels and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular dynamics, and endothelial re... |
2,313,323 | Hormone replacement therapy and lens opacities: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation project. | Data suggest a possible protective effect against lens opacity with use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, no agreement exists on which opacity type is affected, and more exploration of the additional role of endogenous estrogen exposure is warranted.</AbstractText>To determine whether HRT and the prevalenc... |
2,313,324 | Two-stage anaerobic fermentation of organic waste in CSTR and UFAF-reactors. | The mechanically separated liquid fraction of organic waste from households was used as a substrate for anaerobic fermentation. A two-step system consisting of a 2001 continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a 501 upflow anaerobic filter filled with glass foam pearls was constructed. The CSTR was operated for 5 mon... |
2,313,325 | Self-rated health status and health care utilization among immigrant and non-immigrant Israeli Jewish women. | Since 1989, Israel has absorbed over 700,000 Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union, among them about 375,000 women. Immigrants are known to have greater and/or different health needs than non-immigrant residents, and to face unique barriers to receiving care. However, research addressing the specific health pr... |
2,313,326 | Comparative efficacy and safety study of etidronate and alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis. effect of adding hormone replacement therapy. | To compare the efficacy and safety of etidronate and alendronate in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and to assess the efficacy of either bisphosphonate in combination with hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>In this pragmatic study, the main efficacy criterion was the mean annual change in bone m... |
2,313,327 | The impact of risk on preference values: implications for evaluations of postmenopausal osteoporosis therapy. | The objective was to assess the impact of different levels of risk of disease on a woman's preferences for health states. Women were provided with health scenarios incorporating different levels of lifetime risks for breast cancer, hip fracture, and coronary heart disease (CHD). In this way, we were able to determine t... |
2,313,328 | Secondary prevention of osteoporosis: when should a non-vertebral fracture be a trigger for action? | The burden of non-vertebral fractures is enormous. Hip fractures account for nearly 10% of all fractures (and a much greater proportion in the elderly), while wrist fractures may account for up to 23% of all limb fractures. The best available predictors of non-vertebral fracture risk are low BMD and a tendency to fall.... |
2,313,329 | Estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptor expression in levator ani muscle and fascia. | Previous studies have reported controversial data on estrogen receptor (ER) expression in levator ani muscle. We investigated ER expression in levator ani muscle and fascia and compared it with the expression of progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR). The study included 55 women undergoing surgery for gy... |
2,313,330 | High dietary phytoestrogen intake is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal but not premenopausal women. | Animal studies demonstrated that phytoestrogen had a protective effect against bone loss after ovariectomy. However, data on dietary phytoestrogen intake as well as its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in human are not available. Six hundred fifty southern Chinese women, aged 19 to 86 yr, were recruited to ... |
2,313,331 | Sequential (anaerobic/aerobic) biological treatment of Dalaman SEKA pulp and paper industry effluent. | In the pulp and paper industry, lignin and other color compounds are removed by chemical agents in bleaching process. Use of chlorine-based agents results in production of degradation products which include various chloro-organic derivatives. Since these new compounds are highly chlorinated, they cause a problem in the... |
2,313,332 | Five-week intake of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides increases intestinal absorption and status of magnesium in postmenopausal women. | Fermentable carbohydrates have been shown to be nondigestible by human enzymes in the small intestine but are fermented extensively in the large bowel to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can increase mineral absorption. It has been shown that feeding such carbohydrates including short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide... |
2,313,333 | Attitudes towards menopause in a group of women followed in a public service for menopause counseling. | This preliminary study addressed some specific attitudes towards menopause, and behavioral styles in menopausal women. The study was conducted during the period January-May 1998 at the Menopausal Service of the Magenta Hospital (Milano) in 88 women, representing almost one half of the patients followed during that peri... |
2,313,334 | The impact of coronary heart disease in determining use of hormone replacement therapy in a general practice population. | The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for cardiovascular risk reduction remains uncertain. Although previous epidemiological surveys have suggested a clear benefit and nearly 50% mortality risk reduction with HRT in postmenopausal women, recent randomised trials have largely failed to support this. The epidemiol... |
2,313,335 | Soy for breast cancer survivors: a critical review of the literature. | A variety of health benefits, including protection against breast cancer, have been attributed to soy food consumption, primarily because of the soybean isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein). Isoflavones are considered to be possible selective estrogen receptor modulators but possess nonhormonal properties that ... |
2,313,336 | [Retinal hazard from blue light emitting diode]. | To compare the effect of exposure time from a blue(460 nm) light emitting diode(LED) on the morphology of the outer retina and determine conditions where damage occurs.</AbstractText>Young adult rhesus monkeys were anesthetized, and received blue LED exposure from a modified slit-lamp. A 3 mm beam of 0.85 mW was imaged... |
2,313,337 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on nitric oxide bioactivity and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels. | Vascular inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on vasomotor function and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels, an important serological marker of inflammation.</AbstractText>We administered micronized proge... |
2,313,338 | Glycaemic control and plasma lipoproteins in menopausal women with Type 2 diabetes treated with oral and transdermal combined hormone replacement therapy. | To compare the effect of a fixed combination of an oestrogen (17-beta oestradiol) with a cyclical progestagen (norethisterone) on glycaemic control, plasma lipoproteins and haemostatic factors in women with Type 2 diabetes.</AbstractText>Oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were compared to no HRT tre... |
2,313,339 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on heart rate variability in postmenopausal women. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, but the underlying mechanism(s) are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of a 6-month course of HRT on cardiac autonomic function parameters assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) in postmenopausal women.</AbstractT... |
2,313,340 | Effects of HRT on serum levels of IGF-I in postmenopausal women. | It is thought that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) stimulates bone formation. We aimed to determine the effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on serum IGF-I levels and to investigate the effects of basal IGF-I levels on the levels obtained at the end of the therapy.</AbstractText>Sixty-... |
2,313,341 | Mandibular and palatal tori, bone mineral density, and salivary cortisol in community-dwelling elderly men and women. | This investigation evaluated the relationship between the presence of tori and bone mineral density (BMD) and salivary cortisol levels.</AbstractText>A total of 230 healthy, community-dwelling elderly men (n = 129) and women (n = 101) aged 60 and older participated in this study. Forty-three women were on hormone repla... |
2,313,342 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on ocular hemodynamics in postmenopausal women. | To evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on ocular hemodynamics in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Ocular Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 20 postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and in 20 women without treatment, as the control group. Central retinal artery (CRA), posterio... |
2,313,343 | Hormone replacement therapy. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of women attending a gynaecology outpatient clinic in Trinidad. | A questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of a sample of 218 outpatients attending the Port of Spain General Hospital Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic. The questionnaire investigated women's knowledge of menopause, risks and benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), their attitudes co... |
2,313,344 | Endometrial ablation for the postmenopausal woman. | The postmenopausal woman with abnormal uterine bleeding is considered at risk for developing endometrial neoplasia or one of its precursors. She requires prompt evaluation of the endometrium followed by adequate treatment. In the subgroup of postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the risk of abn... |
2,313,345 | Effects of the combined hormonal replacement drug estradiol valerate/levonorgestrel on climacteric complaints, endometrium and lipid profile of peri- and postmenopausal women. | The effects of the combined hormone replacement (HRT) drug estradiol valerate/levonorgestrel (Klimonorm) on climacteric complaints, endometrial status and lipid profile was studied in 100 peri- and postmenopausal women aged between 41 and 57 years. The duration of therapy was 6 months. The following parameters were inv... |
2,313,346 | [IgE antibody determination]. | Bronchial asthma is assumed to be the representative allergic disorder, and allergic reactions play an important role in its pathogenesis in about 70% of asthmatic subjects. It is essential to identity and remove relevant causative allergen(s) from therapeutic point of view to reduce symptoms and to improve quality of ... |
2,313,347 | HRT in women with diabetes--review of the effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is prescribed less frequently to women with diabetes. In this article, we review the effects of HRT on glucose metabolism and plasma lipids in women with type 2 diabetes. Current evidence is reassuring about the effects of HRT in women with diabetes, although as in all women, HRT shoul... |
2,313,348 | [Measurement of skin thickness by high-frequency ultrasound to objectify the effects of hormone replacement therapy in the perimenopause]. | The aim of this study was to show the influence of three different hormone replacement therapy regimes (HRT) by comparing the changes in skin thickness.</AbstractText>Skin thickness was measured using a high-frequency ultrasound system on the inner side of the left upper arm of perimenopausal women with a low oestradio... |
2,313,349 | Reproductive, menstrual and menopausal factors: which are associated with bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women? | The associations between a number of reproductive and menopausal factors and bone mineral density (BMD) were studied in a sample of early postmenopausal women. The study included 580 women aged 45-61 years who completed a risk factor questionnaire containing sections on obstetric and menstrual history. BMD measurements... |
2,313,350 | Bone-resorbing cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells after hormone replacement therapy: a longitudinal study. | Conflicting results have been reported in several cross-sectional studies measuring cytokine production from adherent monocytes in pre- and postmenopausal women. Furthermore, the target cells for the action of estrogen are still debated. We therefore assessed in a longitudinal manner the cytokine production from differ... |
2,313,351 | Myocardial blood flow and flow reserve in response to short-term cyclical hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. | To measure the effects of combined cyclical hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on myocardial blood flow (MBF) in postmenopausal women at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and in women with documented CHD.</AbstractText>Estrogen restores endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine in postmeno... |
2,313,352 | The role of phytoestrogens in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in ovarian hormone deficiency. | Ovarian hormone deficiency is a major risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is perhaps the most effective treatment, as it has been demonstrated to both reduce the rate of bone loss and risk of fracture, including hip fracture. However, not all women who may benefit fro... |
2,313,353 | Micronized progesterone regulation of the endometrial glandular cycling pool. | We sought to determine if micronized progesterone in estrogen-primed women has an effect on the available cycling pool of proliferating glandular cells by studying 107 postmenopausal women who participated in a double-blind cyclical HRT trial. Each received 0.625 mg/day of conjugated equine estrogen (Premarin) orally f... |
2,313,354 | Biotransformation of nitrophenols in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. | Four identical bench-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, R1, R2, R3 and R4, were used to assess nitrophenols degradation at four different hydraulic retention times (HRT). Reactor R1 was used as control, whereas R2, R3, and R4 were fed with 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and 2,4-dinitrop... |
2,313,355 | Ammonia removal from compost leachate using zeolite. II. A study using continuous flow packed columns. | Bench-scale packed zeolite columns were set up and operated to investigate the continuous removal of ammonium ions from compost leachate. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), and particle size of the zeolite on the ammonia adsorption capacity were studied. For both the coarse particle and the powdered zeolite... |
2,313,356 | Clinical relevance of benign endometrial cells in postmenopausal women. | Our objective was to determine if the finding of benign endometrial cells on a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear of a postmenopausal woman is associated with endometrial/uterine pathology, independent of symptomatology and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) status. The medical records of 146 postmenopausal patients who had a Pap... |
2,313,357 | Hormone replacement therapy use dramatically increases breast oestrogen receptor expression in obese postmenopausal women. | It is known that use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by postmenopausal women increases the risk of breast cancer.</AbstractText>In this study, oestrogen receptor (ER)-alpha expression is examined using standard immunoperoxidase technique.</AbstractText>Normal breast samples of 11 Australian postmenopausal women ha... |
2,313,358 | Obesity and sarcopenia after menopause are reversed by sex hormone replacement therapy. | Menopause is linked to an increase in fat mass and a decrease in lean mass exceeding age-related changes, possibly related to reduced output of ovarian steroids. In this study we examined the effect of combined postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the total and regional distribution of fat and lean body ... |
2,313,359 | [Better evaluation of HRT (Heidelberg Retina Tomography) images by 3-dimensional display]. | The Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) is routinely used for the analysis of the structures of the eye ground (glaucoma diagnosis). The Dresden 3D-display, developed by the Technical University Dresden, is an autostereoscopic display which facilitates the three-dimensional presentation of geometrical data. The aim of th... |
2,313,360 | [Quantification of retinal nerve fiber thickness. A comparison of laser scanning ophthalmoscopy, polarimetry and optical coherence tomography in healthy and glaucomatous eyes]. | To evaluate the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in healthy eyes and in eyes of patients with primary open angle glaucoma using the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT), the nerve fibre analyser (NFA) and the optical coherence tomograph (OCT).</AbstractText>In this prospective cohort study, 40 normal eyes... |
2,313,361 | Comparison of transvaginal ultrasound, saline infusion sonography and hysteroscopy to investigate postmenopausal bleeding and unscheduled bleeding on HRT. | A study was conducted to compare transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), saline infusion sonography (SIS) and outpatient hysteroscopy for examining the uterine cavity in women with postmenopausal bleeding and unscheduled bleeding on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Fourty Subjects agreed to undergo TVS, SIS and hysteroscopy i... |
2,313,362 | Homocysteine in postmenopausal women and the importance of hormone replacement therapy. | Homocysteine (Hcy) has been shown to damage the vascular endothelial cells, contributing to atherothrombosis. The increase in plasma Hcy levels with natural menopause suggests a close relationship between Hcy metabolism and estrogen status and proposes one of the mechanisms through which menopause unfavorably affects c... |
2,313,363 | Prevalence of and satisfaction with complementary therapies and hormone replacement therapy in a specialist menopause clinic. | To assess the usage of both conventional and complementary therapies by peri- and postmenopausal women for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.</AbstractText>A prospective questionnaire was completed by 200 consecutive patients attending a tertiary referral London-based specialist menopause clinic between September an... |
2,313,364 | Estimation of hormone replacement therapy influence on serum galanin level in postmenopausal women. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exogenous hormones (estradiol and progestogen) used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the serum galanin level in postmenopausal women with normal body weight.</AbstractText>We studied 20 postmenopausal patients (mean age 52.3 +/- 5.2 years) before and after 1... |
2,313,365 | Performance of a thermophilic sulfate and sulfite reducing high rate anaerobic reactor fed with methanol. | Thermophilic sulfate and sulfite reduction was studied in lab-scale Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactors operated at 65 degrees C and pH 7.5 with methanol as the sole carbon and energy source for the sulfate- and sulfite-reducing bacteria. At a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h, maximum sulfite and sulfate... |
2,313,366 | Acidogenic fermentation of source separated mixtures of vegetables and fruits wasted from supermarkets. | A pilot scale mesophilic anaerobic acidogenic fermenter was fed with mixtures of vegetables and fruits shredded by a hammer mill and mixed in a stock tank, in order to produce a liquid phase suitable as RBCOD source in denitrification and EBPR processes. Different operative conditions were studied working with a HRT in... |
2,313,367 | Transient increase in the levels of T-helper 1 cytokines in postmenopausal women and the effects of hormone replacement therapy. | The aim of this study was to determine, at least in part, T-cell function in postmenopausal women and the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Levels of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) produced by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated whole blood cells fr... |
2,313,368 | Regional and hormone-dependent effects of apolipoprotein E genotype on changes in bone mineral in perimenopausal women. | We studied 479 perimenopausal Danish women aged 45-58 years to examine differences between APOE genotypes with respect to (1) baseline total body bone mineral density (BMD) and densities measured in five different regions (ultradistal forearm, proximal forearm, lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip region); (2) ser... |
2,313,369 | Prevention for the older woman. A practical guide to hormone replacement therapy and urogynecologic health. | Decisions to begin or continue hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are individualized, depending on a woman's anticipated benefits and risks from HRT. Estrogen, especially when begun early in menopause, has been shown to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Potential risks of HRT include gallbla... |
2,313,370 | Using optical imaging summary data to detect glaucoma. | To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between early to moderate glaucomatous and normal eyes using summary data reports from the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), the GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer (GDx), and the Optical Coherence Tomograph (OCT).</AbstractText>Comparative cross-sectional study</Abs... |
2,313,371 | Influence of HRT (hydraulic retention time) and SRT (solid retention time) on the hydrolytic pre-treatment of urban wastewater. | This work presents the results obtained from a study on the pretreatment of urban wastewater using a digester that acted as a system for the retention of solids (sedimentation-filtration), hydrolysis of the retained solids and acidification of the dissolved substances. After start-up (Phase I), the digester was operate... |
2,313,372 | Anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage at low temperature. | The results of research concerning the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage at low temperature are summarized in this article. The batch tests demonstrated a high biodegradability of domestic sewage at 20 degrees C (74%). Both batch and continuous experiments for the treatment of domestic sewage showed... |
2,313,373 | Application of an innovative methodology to improve the starting-up of UASB reactors treating domestic sewage. | This study shows the results obtained during the starting-up evaluation of an UASB reactor treating domestic sewage. It is located in the municipality of Ginebra, Valle del Cauca region in Colombia. Its design flow is 7.5 l/s with a maximum capacity of 10 l/s. The reactor was seeded with a deficient quality inoculum wh... |
2,313,374 | Combined anaerobic/aerobic (UASB + UBAF) system for organic matter and nitrogen removal from a high strength industrial wastewater. | The paper presents the experimental results collected from seven months of operation of a combined anaerobic/aerobic system treating an industrial effluent with averaged content of organic matter and nitrogen of 10.4 g COD/L and 790 mg NKT/L, respectively. The system was formed by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UA... |
2,313,375 | Feasibility of a pilot-scale UASB/trickling filter system for domestic sewage treatment. | This paper presents the results of pilot system comprised of one UASB reactor followed by one trickling filter (TF). The UASB reactor had a volume of 416 litres, being operated at an average hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 hours. The trickling filter had a useful volume of 60 litres, being operated at hydraulic and... |
2,313,376 | Enhanced decolourisation of acid orange 7 in a continuous UASB reactor with quinones as redox mediators. | The reductive biotransformation of acid orange 7 (AO7) was explored in a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at low hydraulic residence times (HRT). A colour removal of 85% was achieved when the reactor was operated at a HRT of 6 hours, but decreased up to 70% when the HRT was lowered to 2 hours. A... |
2,313,377 | Ultrasonographic endometrial monitoring during continuous-sequential hormonal replacement therapy regimen in postmenopausal women. | To evaluate the endometrial thickness in different periods of a continuous-sequential HRT regimen and to correlate the ultrasonographic findings with the histological patterns.</AbstractText>The study was structured in two phases. In the 1st phase, 37 postmenopausal women (group A) treated by at least 6 months with a c... |
2,313,378 | Cell cycle analysis and detection of proliferative cell nuclear antigen of the endometrium after hormone replacement therapy. | To understand the effect of sequential combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the postmenopausal endometrium.</AbstractText>Sonographic endometrial thickness, endometrial histopathology, flow cytometric cell cycle analysis and the level of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were studied.</AbstractText>One... |
2,313,379 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on lipids in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women. | To determine the effects of oral sequential hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on lipid-profile in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>We performed a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The trial was double blind with respect to 17beta-estradiol/desogestrel (17beta-E-D) and plac... |
2,313,380 | Five-year compliance with hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal Chinese women in Hong Kong. | To assess 5-year compliance with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in Hong Kong Chinese women and the reasons for long-term compliance or non-compliance.</AbstractText>A telephone survey using a standardized questionnaire was conducted in 187 postmenopausal women who had commenced HRT in a referral-only specialist clin... |
2,313,381 | A survey of physicians' attitude towards women with postmenopausal bleeding. | To study how gynaecologist manage postmenopausal bleeding in women not using HRT. The impact on the physicians' attitude of risk factors for endometrial cancer and of the endometrial thickness was essentially accounted for.</AbstractText>Two different case-types were defined by modifying the risk level of developing en... |
2,313,382 | [Changes in lipid profiles in women after surgical castration during the fertile age]. | The main known risk factors for coronary heart disease in women, other than age, which is the most important risk factor of all, are cigarette smoking, raised blood pressure, obesity, diabetes and premature menopause, especially after ovarectomy.</AbstractText>Retrospective clinical study.</AbstractText>Medical buildin... |
2,313,383 | [Effect of anaerobic acidification treatment on nitrogen removal and toxicity reduction of coke plant wastewater]. | Coke plant wastewater was treated by anaerobic acidification-anoxic-aerobic (A1-A2-O) biofilm process and anoxic-aerobic (A/O) biofilm process respectively. Toxicity reduction effects of the two processes were compared. The toxicity of coke plant wastewater was equal to that of mercury chloride with concentration of 0.... |
2,313,384 | Dosimetric predictors of radiation esophagitis in patients treated for non-small-cell lung cancer with carboplatin/paclitaxel/radiotherapy. | To establish dosimetric predictors of radiation esophagitis (RE) in patients treated with a combination of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and radiotherapy.</AbstractText>Three-dimensional radiotherapy plans of 26 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who received 50-60 Gy of radiotherapy concurrently with weekly administr... |
2,313,385 | Use of multiple providers for regular care and women's receipt of hormone replacement therapy counseling. | Prior research has explored women's lifetime receipt of HRT counseling and correlates of counseling, but has not explored receipt of counseling by current health care provider(s). The number and type(s) of provider(s) that women see for their regular care may be an important enabling factor in women's receipt of HRT co... |
2,313,386 | Local and systemic options for hormone replacement therapy. | Women now have an array of options for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Yet, the medical practitioner faces many challenges in helping women explore these options. Which therapy is right for which woman? What are the risks and benefits of each therapy? Providing hormone replacement therapy entails assessing the indiv... |
2,313,387 | A dynamic study and modeling of the formation of polyhydroxyalkanoates combined with treatment of high strength wastewater. | Production of biodegradable thermoplastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), from organic wastes may provide multiple benefits to environmental conservation efforts. In this study, microfiltration-coupled reactors were set up to study the dynamic behavior of a typical PHA-producing bacteria, Ralstonia eutropha, fed with a... |
2,313,388 | Pre-fermentation of a low-strength meat-processing wastewater in an upflow sludge blanket reactor. | Pre-fermentation of low-strength wastewater from a meat processing facility (at 20 degrees C) was studied. A laboratory-scale upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor was used for the experiments; 10 different operating conditions were tested with regard to the hydraulic residence time (HRT). At HRTs from 0.4 to 2.4 hours, ... |
2,313,389 | The ethics of aggregation and hormone replacement therapy. | The use of aggregated quality of life estimates in the formation of public policy and practice guidelines raises concerns about the moral relevance of variability in values in preferences for health care. This variability may reflect unique and deeply held beliefs that may be lost when averaged with the preferences of ... |
2,313,390 | Bioremediation of heavy metals in a synthetic wastewater using a rotating biological contactor. | Immobilised microorganisms provide a potential system for the treatment of metal-contaminated waters. This study investigates the efficiency of a rotating biological contactor (RBC) in the treatment of waters contaminated with cadmium, copper and zinc in multiple sorption-desorption cycles. Each sorption cycle extended... |
2,313,391 | [Making a decision about hormone replacement therapy. A randomized controlled trial]. | OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a decision-making aid with an information document from the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) with regard to decisions about hormone replacement therapy (HRT). DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Quebec city region. PARTICIPANTS: Menopausal Franco... |
2,313,392 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endocrine and spirometric parameters in asthmatic postmenopausal women. | The aim of the study was to see if there are any correlations between changes in the endocrine system and clinical condition of asthmatic patients, in particular their lung function, caused by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Fifty-five asthmatic and 20 healthy postmenopausal women (aged 48-60) were studied before HR... |
2,313,393 | Media coverage of women's health issues: is there a bias in the reporting of an association between hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer? | Media coverage of scientific research plays a major role in shaping public opinion and influencing medical practice. When an association is controversial, such as with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer, it is important that a balanced picture of the scientific literature be reported. The objective of ... |
2,313,394 | Carcinoma of the endometrium. | The incidence of endometrial cancer is highest among relatively affluent Caucasians. Although it has a comparatively low mortality rate compared with other gynaecological cancers, it is capable of aggressive behaviour. Endometrial cancer is uncommon in premenopausal women. The incidence rises with age and is significan... |
2,313,395 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on effects of raloxifene and hormone replacement therapy on plasma no concentrations, endothelin-1 levels, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. | The endothelium is thought to play an important role in the genesis of atherosclerosis, and several lines of evidence suggest that the effect of an intervention on endothelial function might predict its involvement in coronary disease progression and in the rate of cardiovascular events. Estrogen has direct effects on ... |
2,313,396 | FABP2 genotype is associated with insulin sensitivity in older women. | This study determined whether sequence variations in genes related to glucose and insulin metabolism are associated with insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women after accounting for habitual physical activity levels, body composition, and hormone-replacement therapy (HRT). Eighteen sedentary, 19 physically active, ... |
2,313,397 | Hormone replacement therapy and cancer risk. | The advantages and disadvantages of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been debated nearly as long as the treatment has been in use, especially the relationship between HRT and risk of cancer development. It is hoped that recently published studies will shed more light on this complex issue. Several large populatio... |
2,313,398 | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy use by older Mexican-American women. | To determine the prevalence of current hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and describe its correlates among community-dwelling, Mexican-American women aged 67 and older.</AbstractText>A population-based survey of older Mexican-Americans conducted in 1995/1996.</AbstractText>Five Southwestern states: Texas, New Mexic... |
2,313,399 | Dynamic simulation of cyclic batch anaerobic digestion of cattle manure. | Cyclic batch reactors with periodical feeds and extractions, are often used in cattle manure anaerobic digestion. The dynamic behavior of this type of reactor was simulated in this study. The kinetic model developed by I. Angelidaki et al. [Biotechnol. Bioeng. 42 (1993) 159], together with microbial growth kinetics, co... |
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